Kentucky Small Grain Variety Trials-1979

ByW E Vlan V C Fjnkner and C R Tot

Progress Re port 243

1

UNIVERSITY OF KENJUCKY COLLEGE OF AGRICULlURE Agricultural Expel1menl Station Department of Agronomy

Lexington

TIo C~j4 of AVIc1ltlIIl111 iI lin Eq1 Oil_limIII Ooconualkm aul1wri1tltl 10 proeid ~cI -furol InIoo and ollt lernCO 01111 10 iMfJudt aMd 1 1IIio IMI funcClQn ltoo l 1JUd ta rM If coI ~ fII_ ItandJNp (I nollo orlIoOn

lOM- Imiddot19

CONTENTS

Page

Introouct ion bull bull 3Experimental Methods bull bull middot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 5Data Collected bull bull bull 5Resu lts and Discussion bullbull bullbull 7

1979 Test Condi tions bull I 71978 Test Conditions bull bull bull 81977 Test Conditions 9

Small Grain Varieties for 1980 bull bull bull bull middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot9 Kentucky Small Grain Variety Trials

W in ter Barley Varieties bullbull bull bull bull 9Soft Red Winter Wheat Varieties 0

1979 W in ter O at Varieties 10 WE Vian VC Finkner and CR TUIISpri ng O at v arieties bull bull bullbullbull bull 10

Certified Seed 11list 01Tables

The 1979 fall planting period was marked by good planlingconditions and an excellent economic mnlook for the crop The1 Small Grain Harve~Ioo Acreage and Yield In Kcmucky

1qn79 J number of acres of small graingt planted in the commonwealthincreased over last years reduced acreage (Table 1) to the average2 Planting Date~ and l ocation 01 Kentucky Small Grain Evaluiltion

Trials 197779 S for the last several years The yield from the wheat acreage was one3 Barley Pedormance Trials for Ihe Purcha~e Region bul A less thltln the record yield of 400 bu A recorded for Ihe 1971of Kentucky 19771979 12 crop4 BMley Performdnce Trials for the Southern Tier ilndWestern Coal flcld~ Reglon~ 01 Kenlucky19nmiddot1979 1)

5 Barley Performance Trial~ lor Ihe Eastern Ill uegragts NorthCenuoIl-md OhiO Valley Regions of Ke tucky 19nmiddot1979 bull 14

Table 1 -Sm~1I Grain Harvested Acreage and Yields in Ke ntucky 1977-7916 Disease Raungs on 8lrley Varieties Tesled in 1979 167 WhCd Performance Tnals fo r Ihe lJIucgrass Region

19n79 lexington bull 16 19ft 191 1911

8 Wheal Performance Trials for the Westl Coal Field t OOGl TItA ~~ IJIliiSA---ijjfcaor lIu hI IWTWU oj I rYeSRegton lJnmiddot79 Pllnceton 18 J~ O ) )0 1709 Whe~[ Performance Trials for the Oho valley Reglo

_ 0 00 ~ 10 U O1977-79 Henderson liar 1]0

bull no bull 19 410 U O10 Whet Pcdormance Trials for the Purchase Region UO 21 0 HO

197779 ftulfay bullbull 20 bull1 Wheat Performance Trials for the Southern Tier Region V ~w t 10 1H9 r Ct01 Prodmiddott O)O rscS tJ~I IfM r I r

19n79 Elkton bull 2112 Wheat Performance Triab lor Ihe Nonh Central Region

197779 Elizabethtown 22 Small grain performance tests were conduaed in six of the13 Winter Oat P(rformdncc Trials for the Purchase Regionof Kcntuck) 197779 bull 23

seven agromiddotclimatic regions of Kentucky (Fig 1) Agriculturaldfeas 14 Winler Oat P(middotrlormance Tr ials for Ihe Southe Tic ad

within each region are considered to have similor ~oil types anddimalic conditions Each region having a substantial acreage of aWe~te Co1l Field Region of KenTUcky 1977middot79 2J

15 Wintcr Oat Pellormance Trials for EUlen BluC8ra~~ North Cenlral small grain commodity will have a trial conducted in that region forand Ohio lJoll1ey Regions of Kentucky 1977 79 25 that commodity16 Spring Oal PerlormancC TfI~h lor III RegIOns oflltelltucky19n79 2517 CharolCI(rishlt of Barley and O at Varilt(s Tested in 1979 2fgt18 ChuJ(tcfistr~ of Wheal Vlrlelil~ TC~lcd In 1979 27

3

- -shy

~J

Figure 1-Agro-climatlc regions 01 Kentucky small grain variety trials

TC$ing location CooperatorRegion

Purchase 2 Western Coal Field

Murray Princeton

Mr loc Pat Carraway West KcnlUcky Sub~a IIOn

3 Ohio VaHey 4 Bluegrass

Hende~on lexington

MI Walter Gooch Kentucky Agricultural (xperimcnt Station

5 Southern Tier Elkton Me Joe Miller

6 Nonh Cenlral Elizabethtown Mr Allen Baugh

The objective of the KenlUcky small grain variety trials i ~ to evaluate varieties of barley wheat and oats that are commercially available or may soon be available to Kentucky farmers New varieties are continually being demiddoteloped by agri cultural experi shyment stations and commercial firms Annua l evaluation of small grain varieties and selections provides seedsmen farmers and other agricultural workers with current information to help them select the varieties best adapted to their locality and individual requirements

Since weather soil and other environmental faciors will alter varietal performance from one loca l ion to another tests are grown in six locations (Fig 1) in the state (lexington Henderson Elkton PrincelOn EIi7abcthtown and Murray) Suggested varie ties are revised each year because of The availability of new varieties improvements in produCiion practices and continually changin g disease and insect hazards

4

EXPER IMENTAL METHODS

The plots were planted with a specia ll y built multi-row cone seeder Each plot consisted of four or si x rows to form a plot fou r feet wide which was later trimmed (0 10 feet in length Each variety was grown in four replications and Ihe per plot data presented are the average response from the four replications of 40 square feet harvested with a small plot combine Planting dates of all tri als for the past 3 years are listed in Table 2

In some instances uncontrollable factors-such as excessive rainfall winter killing high winds hail ~razing cattle etcshyadversely affected an experiment so that the results were judged unreliable When this occurred results are not given for that location and year Data averaged over a period of years gives a more accurate picture of varieta l performance than does annual da la

Tabl 2-Pl anling Orles dnd LOCltionsof Kentucky Sml ll C rll in EvaluaTion Tri li is 1979-77

LCODQ WDU IWV

_ -q -- u shyn~ -shytll f n Itll -1 IfHntt un n I un It -_ 11-1 III-U III- 111- 111-11 bullbull 11-11 1~11 19 t U 10-19 I 1 I~ II-U III-I 111-16 11 bullbull 10-11 10-11 III- bullbullU 16- Il-t bullbullN

w o IO-t I~ I 100-11 10-1 11 I~)I 19 III-U IJ-t of 00 JI )oil

~ ntt oo _ ___ _ bullbull _ 100M _ ~_ a- o _ bull _ r _ ~11 _ _ U _ 1_ _ aI _ -~ -- - shy

DATA COLLECTED

It is imporlant to consider other characteristics in addition to grain yield when selecting a variety

Grain yield of most plots was taken by cutting all rows with a self-propelled combine The grain yields for barley and oats at lexington and barley at Elizabethtown were taken by cuuing each plOT and threshing Ihe grain with a Vogel type stationary plot thresher The weights of each plot were recorded in grams and converted to bushels per acre

5

resl wi~hf or the weight of a bushel of grain is a measure of the qUltllity of the grltlin The higher the test weight the higher the quality and market value unless the grain has been down-graded because of another quality faclor

Lorlgin1( was recorded a~ lh~middot percentage of the total plants lying on The ground or leaning at a 45-degree angle from the vertical when the grain was mature The Term maturity as used in Ihis r(port refers 10 the date the grain was ready to be combine harvested

Pam heigll was recorded as the number of centimeters from the ground to the tip of the upright grain head and converted to inches

Survival was recorded as the percenlage of plants estimated to have survived the winler This is a measure of winter hardiness and is an imporlant factor 10 consider when splecting a variety

-I fading dale is rcponed as the date when 50 of the heads had emerged from the plan ls in each plot This is also a measure of InaturilY and is ImportanT when selecting r variety for use in a double-cropping system

Percent propin reported on a whole seed basis was measured by the Udy dye binding or near-infrared technique Yield of grain should also be considered when evaluating protein content The most desirable (ombinaTion would be highest yield and highest percenl protein Howevtr this combinatIon rtHely occurs High protein content ilt often a result of low yield and poor grain filling seed (shriveling) Nitrogen fertilization can increasc protein content of the grain

Grams p(r Iholl~and seeds is a measure of seed size and seed quality Planting rates can be adjusted by knowing seed size Poor quality grain is usually low In weight per thousand seeds

Disease and inSPCI dala are reported as relative amounts that occurred on the varieties at the time the readings were made Disease and insect problems are often different in different years

6

RESU LTS AN D DISCUSSIO N

Since genetic expression of a variety is grea tly influenced by environ menial conditions it is best to have several years data from which to draw conclusions Performance of a variety tested for only one year should not be compared with a J-ycar average of another variety since il is possible that results In one of Ihe other years were extremely good or poor and thus nOt comparable

The yield of a variety is relative and should be compared with the yields of the other varieties in the same experimen t and at the same location Small differences in yield of only a few bushels per acre between twO varielies from an individual test should not be Interpreted to indicate the superiority of one variety over anal her However if one variety consistently out-yields another over a period of seve ral years the chances arc that the differences are real

lodging data are very difficult to interpret A high-yielding variety should nOt necessarily be down-graded because of a high percentage of lodging for a given year and at a given location local weather conditions such as wind and rain may cause a variety 10

lodge much more than it normally does Variety lrials normally have a greater degree of lodging than do farmer fields It should also be emphasized that a variety reponed to be 50 lodged does not imply that only 50 of the grain could be harvested With good equipment almost all of the grain can often be saved lodging data for a period of years should receive more consideration than annual lodging data since they will give a mo re accurate picture o f vatietal performance

1979 TEST CO NDITIONS

In contrast 10 the 1977 fall seeding weather the 1978 fall seeding weather was near ideal The first half of October was wet but the latter half of October and the first half of November were mostly warm and dry allowing good development of The small grains The second half of November was cooler and welter than normal December had mild lemperatures with above normal precipitation causing floods Only a trace of snow occurred in December JanuHY was colder and wetter than normal averaging

7

almost 9 degrees below normal making it the fihh coldest January o n record Fe bruary was also colder and weller than nor mal with tempera1Ures about 8 degrees below nor ma l and o ne inch plus of precipitation above norma l December through February was the seventh coldest winter on record

March was about 6 degrees above no rmal with three inches below normal precipi1ation Cool wet conditions preva iled through April and May causing the spring of 1979to be the latest on record Precipi tation and temperature averaged above normal for the month of June The greater th an normal winter rainfall kept so ils in a high moisture condition and resulted in more plant heaving damage than usual This was true for all small grains but was especially severe in barley The planl heaving and colder than normal winter temperatures resulted in severe winter killing of barley and oats in some areas of the stale Winter ki lling of whea l was only slight (less than 5) but the wet spring caused some loca lized wa te r damage areas Many wheat diseases occurred but wheat spindle streak mosaic virus was the most severe infection recorded since 1974 Scab on wheat and barley was frequ e ntly observed in many fields

The prevalence of the cereal leaf beetle continues to increase Most plants in the spring oat test at l exington had the ir fl ag leaves dewoyed by bee tle feed ing

1978 TEST CONDITIONS

The fall planting period was mark ed by rai ny wet soil condishytions which reduced the acres planted by many sma ll grain farmers An early snowfall on Thanksgiving weekend stop ped almost all fall small grain growth The remai nd er of November an d the rest of the winter mon ths were cold Below zero temperatures were repon ed in December and January with snow depths of 15 to 20 inches over most of the sta te February was the coldest February on Weathe r Service records Below seasonal temperatures were recorded in March and April

Wintcr ki lling of fall seeded small gra ins was severe resulting in the complete loss of some barley and oat fields A similar winte r ki lling occurred in our romall grain breeding nurscry at lexingto n with a nearly complete loros of barley and oats and even a 15

6

reduction in stand of the more winter-hardy variet ies of wheat The nurseries at other locat ions had winter killing but it was not as severe as that at l exington The reported yie ld of the varieties close ly correlates to winter survival

Many small grain diseases we re observed bu t the severi ty was not any greater than normal except fo r Scab (fusarjum spp) on wheat The variety Dou blecrop had the most severe infection Cereal leaf beetle infestation in the l e xington nurseries was the heaviest ever observed

1977 TEST CONDITIONS

Dr y soil conditions limited planting during the first half of October The latter half or O ctober turned coo l and some preci pitation occurred Cool temperatures continued throughou t the fall resulting in very little fall growth Many late-plan ted small grains did no t emerge unt il spri ng Extremely cold wi nter temperashytures generally coincided wi th good snow cover on the ground except for a few days in th e latte r part of Decembe r The spring growi ng seaso n started wit h nea r normal so il moist ure but April May and June were droughty in some areas of the sta tc

The good snow cover prevented a lot of winter killing of wheat and ba rley although winte r ki lli ng of oats was severe Disease incidence was very mild o r limited to localized areas However new strains of powdery mildew were observed causing the Arthur-type wheat to be less resist an

SMALL GR AIN VARIETIES FOR 1980

Varieties eligible fo r certificat ion include (1) varieties that may have potential for Ken tucky and (2) olde r varieties tha t are still acceptable for production in Kentucky The characteristics of the sma ll grain varieties are su mmarized in Tables 17 and 18

WINTER BARL EY VARIETIES

Winte r barleys are less winterha rdy than winter wheat but mo re hardy than winter oats The degree of winter hardiness straw strength and maturity are important characteristics when choosing

9

a variety Varietal performance data ilre pr e~ented in Tables 3~6 Varieties now commonly grown are Bar~oy Monroe and Vol bar Newer varieties that show promise are Pike Perry and Surry (~ee characteristics in Table 17)

SOFT RED WINTER WHEAl VARIETIES

Kentuckys cl imate and soils are we11 ~uited for the production of high quality soft red winler wheat No single variety has all the desirable characteristics but each has cerla in advantages Yielding ability maw strength height earliness grain quality and disease resistance are important in choosing a variety Varietal performmiddot ance is presenled in Tables 7middot12 Varieties and other characteristics are lisled in Table 16

WINTER OAT VARI ET IES

Winter oats are the least winterhardy ol the winter grain~ Ear ly ~eeding good fertilization practices and planting on well~drained soils are recommended to minimize winter killing Winter oats arc also excel lent for grazing and ~ilage Performance of the win ter oat varieti es is pre~ented in Tables 13middot15 Varieties now commonly grown arc Coker 66middot22 Compact Dubois Nod ine and Walken No released varieties appear ~upNior to the ones commonly grow n

SPR ING O AT VARIETIES

The only small grain sui table for spring seeding by fa rmer~ in Kentucky is spring oa ts Spring oats are used mainly for hay or ~ilagc and as acompanion crop for gras~cs and legumes Grain and forage yields of spring oals are lower than those of the winter 011

varieties when yields of winter oats are not severely reduced from winter killing or disease Two spring oat va rieties (Otee and Jaycee) are commonly grown because of their higher level of resistance to Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (oat red leaf) (Table 16)

10

CERTIFIED SEED

Planting certified seed is one of the first steps in ensuring a good small grain crop The extra cost of certified seed is justified in view of the high quality of seed obtained Certified seed is seed which has been grown in such a way as to ensure the genetic identity and purity of a variety Certified seed also helps to maintain freedom from weed and o ther crop seed and in some cases freedom from diselse The Kentucky Agricultural Experimen t Station recommends that Kcnlu ckymiddotcertified seed be used when ~ ever possible for growing commercial crops of small grains

cknowledcmenr i5 made 10 he UnivenifY of KcmLlcky Computing Center for assmUlct in iummHllmg some of Ille rewIS reported inillis progre5gt report to COlmy Agricultural AgCntS Ted HalYard Marvin Dallidson Willidm Hendrick and Jack Snyder for mjlanct in 10cJfingltu ~il(~ iJfld collccUlR dua and 0 Dr Richard Sfuckty for hi ai5Isanct in disea~e idendicalion lIld evattIIon for fhe varieues II all lesl local ions

11

bullbullbull

bull bullbull

bullbullbull bullbullbull bullbullbull

Table 3- Barley Performance Trials for the Purchase Region 01 Kentucky 1977-79

1m fidei riA

C 19 bull1 Wbol enou

In II UH V IUt Hurut Huruy ny HurTOt Hunay Huoy

101 ntampano u bullbullbull

110CUy_ 1 bull U) bullbullbull 10

1 bullbullbull~shy 1 bullbullbullt Ht 116 126

101 DlU j j Ulb bullbullbull 121 U bullI i

141 132~l 46 ~ Ui i UlCl 10 463 1 n) 2

UlI 1 n111 410 nD )15 1 nDbull 0 431 bull )1 3$4

i 4l

1nroe hrr 514 436 b

j 374 1549 l 41

U4 n) )62 ]S)

~ 391 172VolMt 41 42

S Su I1 fIo bullbull - shyith 177 I 1971

Vorlon ny not Hurny Itoor Huu Hun

-

4JI

7 1)Ui i )16Chon -

511 4119 k 1

10 517 bull bull 1117

426-shy- 511 h j j 512 2J IM Ike JIll lIt 411hVIN i 5U

12

Table 3- (conti nued)

IM LodlIt Ii it)) 1m I m 1m Wlety -y Hung n nay ltvrOl g CI 1 i bull

bullbull

k7 bull -1 1 I bullbull bull ~ bull -~ j bull bull

UI I

i bullbull Wnlllu bull

Table 4-Barley Perfor mance Tria ls for the Sou the rn Tier and Weslern Coa l fie lds Regions of Kentu cky 1977-1 971)1

tldel AInt L ---1

attety -Jabull

41

CIu loin n 11 1 U

)4

$ )7 H

_rOO H U r rlkc 4)

bullSuny 4J

VIHC 71

T t Wlat b1luJm --iltm illI

WadatyI 41 6 415464 41 shy 0 bullbullbullbull 431 ----Ct_ 41 ~ 46 3 53 -I 413 4)1 00

41 436 431 ue 19 460 1 427 HO 4J1 ~50 4-J 431 41 40a 111$- 19 U 404 H) lB 3

hr )0 UO 461 460 449 40 b 46 411 44 4)6 47 410 1 46 42) 41J )7 Wolc 472 raquo2 )1 1 ~I

13

1Jff

10) 101 14) 1bull0 133 129U ll 12 4 1amp7 114 ll 14 UlU 11middot0 l0 129bullbullbull bullbullbull 141 161 159bullbullbull l101 101 U 141 U6 t4 104 141 11 02 16 116 13136 n1

124 1l6 149 1)0 10 101 14 131 1)1 U1 140 10 11) I) 140 120 12 U1

CIl000 Seed 1979 111-----1i1L

bull bull r I

HI 10 )06 ))0 ]11 l~

166 109 XU n bull 16) 19 n6 160 ))0 n bull 12 n 171 ))bullbull I bull n bull UJ 11 11) lOn )04 n bull 310 ))6 ))1 102 110 142 110 110 29 )0 n9 )09 nl 10 28 116 )2 )) bull 136 34 111n4 29) lll nl )6 )4 299 n lO ))1 34 HIt )94 )61 ]1 ni 36

Table 4-(continued) Table 5-(continued

Tn lid Lbooh CubullbullIIOOO S 1 SlOnl no bull t Ilt IU 1171 Jill IllI~ [ 11 bull

I9H illL shyIm -1L rhtx ~- I VrUtt ~ --- bull bull

~ 2 411 1 3)0 lZO )~6 U U n )72 ~- ~1l1 10 Cty U2 211 gt0

1

Sloe )12 _ 4a UI 4)S Cuyt 21 4)7 01 SlZ gt0 n 41) nl 410 -ly 1 HI2 SIll ln4 HI4 64) ) 461 4) n 1 371 111 HO) sin 45 476 U7 )71 114 11 )01 HU 446 427 n6 111511l 410 stU 04 4 SII )2a JI ~ a 4 51 2 491 )17 -

1 4121 471 466 312 U bull~ 1-- m 501 )10 503 42 nl ll1 ffilt Ill 4

41) )21 )14 m 901Nt 4 441 41 Yollwr n )01 SIll shygt0

II1lt I 1918 In

Vrhtl = bull rr ------shy---- 26 SIll 429au nOlO stu 521 Clayt 10 21 SIlO 00 ~ 516 Oo~

11 ~ 524 ~

~ )11

1112

~J -- rr

-

$2 bull bullbull )12 JIll n

n 21 r 524

Yolb - Vollgt-r -~ 510 11 ly I tlktlf ly IC ~ _Line c_ rY r

Iet i_ Jp4

119 In lth 1m ill 1m Varlu] ~- ~- Lu

- Table 5-Barley Performncc Tria ls for the hstern Bluegrass Clay_ North Central Olnd Ohio Valley Regions of Kentucky 1977middot1979 ~ bull

- bull 1 rotd bot (Oraln ~

rid IooAlUi 1911 1919 lUI 1911

Iuy l-t_ ~ ~ -- ~

bull bull

Surry 1( ) U 112 I ~ bull bullbulllIalb r

12 112 14amp CIyoll 111 10 - 10 5 105 bullbullbull 101 lAx lAd rI I--t-gt tll Igteht kl bullbullbull bullbullbulln 109 106 111 111 -1Ia 111 0) I) ~ - bullbullbull bullbullbull J19 Illbullbullbull

~ rib 10 J bullbullbull IVII HI ~ bullbullbull bullbullbull U5 111 0-Vlloor 111

14 15

CONTENTS

Page

Introouct ion bull bull 3Experimental Methods bull bull middot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 5Data Collected bull bull bull 5Resu lts and Discussion bullbull bullbull 7

1979 Test Condi tions bull I 71978 Test Conditions bull bull bull 81977 Test Conditions 9

Small Grain Varieties for 1980 bull bull bull bull middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot9 Kentucky Small Grain Variety Trials

W in ter Barley Varieties bullbull bull bull bull 9Soft Red Winter Wheat Varieties 0

1979 W in ter O at Varieties 10 WE Vian VC Finkner and CR TUIISpri ng O at v arieties bull bull bullbullbull bull 10

Certified Seed 11list 01Tables

The 1979 fall planting period was marked by good planlingconditions and an excellent economic mnlook for the crop The1 Small Grain Harve~Ioo Acreage and Yield In Kcmucky

1qn79 J number of acres of small graingt planted in the commonwealthincreased over last years reduced acreage (Table 1) to the average2 Planting Date~ and l ocation 01 Kentucky Small Grain Evaluiltion

Trials 197779 S for the last several years The yield from the wheat acreage was one3 Barley Pedormance Trials for Ihe Purcha~e Region bul A less thltln the record yield of 400 bu A recorded for Ihe 1971of Kentucky 19771979 12 crop4 BMley Performdnce Trials for the Southern Tier ilndWestern Coal flcld~ Reglon~ 01 Kenlucky19nmiddot1979 1)

5 Barley Performance Trial~ lor Ihe Eastern Ill uegragts NorthCenuoIl-md OhiO Valley Regions of Ke tucky 19nmiddot1979 bull 14

Table 1 -Sm~1I Grain Harvested Acreage and Yields in Ke ntucky 1977-7916 Disease Raungs on 8lrley Varieties Tesled in 1979 167 WhCd Performance Tnals fo r Ihe lJIucgrass Region

19n79 lexington bull 16 19ft 191 1911

8 Wheal Performance Trials for the Westl Coal Field t OOGl TItA ~~ IJIliiSA---ijjfcaor lIu hI IWTWU oj I rYeSRegton lJnmiddot79 Pllnceton 18 J~ O ) )0 1709 Whe~[ Performance Trials for the Oho valley Reglo

_ 0 00 ~ 10 U O1977-79 Henderson liar 1]0

bull no bull 19 410 U O10 Whet Pcdormance Trials for the Purchase Region UO 21 0 HO

197779 ftulfay bullbull 20 bull1 Wheat Performance Trials for the Southern Tier Region V ~w t 10 1H9 r Ct01 Prodmiddott O)O rscS tJ~I IfM r I r

19n79 Elkton bull 2112 Wheat Performance Triab lor Ihe Nonh Central Region

197779 Elizabethtown 22 Small grain performance tests were conduaed in six of the13 Winter Oat P(rformdncc Trials for the Purchase Regionof Kcntuck) 197779 bull 23

seven agromiddotclimatic regions of Kentucky (Fig 1) Agriculturaldfeas 14 Winler Oat P(middotrlormance Tr ials for Ihe Southe Tic ad

within each region are considered to have similor ~oil types anddimalic conditions Each region having a substantial acreage of aWe~te Co1l Field Region of KenTUcky 1977middot79 2J

15 Wintcr Oat Pellormance Trials for EUlen BluC8ra~~ North Cenlral small grain commodity will have a trial conducted in that region forand Ohio lJoll1ey Regions of Kentucky 1977 79 25 that commodity16 Spring Oal PerlormancC TfI~h lor III RegIOns oflltelltucky19n79 2517 CharolCI(rishlt of Barley and O at Varilt(s Tested in 1979 2fgt18 ChuJ(tcfistr~ of Wheal Vlrlelil~ TC~lcd In 1979 27

3

- -shy

~J

Figure 1-Agro-climatlc regions 01 Kentucky small grain variety trials

TC$ing location CooperatorRegion

Purchase 2 Western Coal Field

Murray Princeton

Mr loc Pat Carraway West KcnlUcky Sub~a IIOn

3 Ohio VaHey 4 Bluegrass

Hende~on lexington

MI Walter Gooch Kentucky Agricultural (xperimcnt Station

5 Southern Tier Elkton Me Joe Miller

6 Nonh Cenlral Elizabethtown Mr Allen Baugh

The objective of the KenlUcky small grain variety trials i ~ to evaluate varieties of barley wheat and oats that are commercially available or may soon be available to Kentucky farmers New varieties are continually being demiddoteloped by agri cultural experi shyment stations and commercial firms Annua l evaluation of small grain varieties and selections provides seedsmen farmers and other agricultural workers with current information to help them select the varieties best adapted to their locality and individual requirements

Since weather soil and other environmental faciors will alter varietal performance from one loca l ion to another tests are grown in six locations (Fig 1) in the state (lexington Henderson Elkton PrincelOn EIi7abcthtown and Murray) Suggested varie ties are revised each year because of The availability of new varieties improvements in produCiion practices and continually changin g disease and insect hazards

4

EXPER IMENTAL METHODS

The plots were planted with a specia ll y built multi-row cone seeder Each plot consisted of four or si x rows to form a plot fou r feet wide which was later trimmed (0 10 feet in length Each variety was grown in four replications and Ihe per plot data presented are the average response from the four replications of 40 square feet harvested with a small plot combine Planting dates of all tri als for the past 3 years are listed in Table 2

In some instances uncontrollable factors-such as excessive rainfall winter killing high winds hail ~razing cattle etcshyadversely affected an experiment so that the results were judged unreliable When this occurred results are not given for that location and year Data averaged over a period of years gives a more accurate picture of varieta l performance than does annual da la

Tabl 2-Pl anling Orles dnd LOCltionsof Kentucky Sml ll C rll in EvaluaTion Tri li is 1979-77

LCODQ WDU IWV

_ -q -- u shyn~ -shytll f n Itll -1 IfHntt un n I un It -_ 11-1 III-U III- 111- 111-11 bullbull 11-11 1~11 19 t U 10-19 I 1 I~ II-U III-I 111-16 11 bullbull 10-11 10-11 III- bullbullU 16- Il-t bullbullN

w o IO-t I~ I 100-11 10-1 11 I~)I 19 III-U IJ-t of 00 JI )oil

~ ntt oo _ ___ _ bullbull _ 100M _ ~_ a- o _ bull _ r _ ~11 _ _ U _ 1_ _ aI _ -~ -- - shy

DATA COLLECTED

It is imporlant to consider other characteristics in addition to grain yield when selecting a variety

Grain yield of most plots was taken by cutting all rows with a self-propelled combine The grain yields for barley and oats at lexington and barley at Elizabethtown were taken by cuuing each plOT and threshing Ihe grain with a Vogel type stationary plot thresher The weights of each plot were recorded in grams and converted to bushels per acre

5

resl wi~hf or the weight of a bushel of grain is a measure of the qUltllity of the grltlin The higher the test weight the higher the quality and market value unless the grain has been down-graded because of another quality faclor

Lorlgin1( was recorded a~ lh~middot percentage of the total plants lying on The ground or leaning at a 45-degree angle from the vertical when the grain was mature The Term maturity as used in Ihis r(port refers 10 the date the grain was ready to be combine harvested

Pam heigll was recorded as the number of centimeters from the ground to the tip of the upright grain head and converted to inches

Survival was recorded as the percenlage of plants estimated to have survived the winler This is a measure of winter hardiness and is an imporlant factor 10 consider when splecting a variety

-I fading dale is rcponed as the date when 50 of the heads had emerged from the plan ls in each plot This is also a measure of InaturilY and is ImportanT when selecting r variety for use in a double-cropping system

Percent propin reported on a whole seed basis was measured by the Udy dye binding or near-infrared technique Yield of grain should also be considered when evaluating protein content The most desirable (ombinaTion would be highest yield and highest percenl protein Howevtr this combinatIon rtHely occurs High protein content ilt often a result of low yield and poor grain filling seed (shriveling) Nitrogen fertilization can increasc protein content of the grain

Grams p(r Iholl~and seeds is a measure of seed size and seed quality Planting rates can be adjusted by knowing seed size Poor quality grain is usually low In weight per thousand seeds

Disease and inSPCI dala are reported as relative amounts that occurred on the varieties at the time the readings were made Disease and insect problems are often different in different years

6

RESU LTS AN D DISCUSSIO N

Since genetic expression of a variety is grea tly influenced by environ menial conditions it is best to have several years data from which to draw conclusions Performance of a variety tested for only one year should not be compared with a J-ycar average of another variety since il is possible that results In one of Ihe other years were extremely good or poor and thus nOt comparable

The yield of a variety is relative and should be compared with the yields of the other varieties in the same experimen t and at the same location Small differences in yield of only a few bushels per acre between twO varielies from an individual test should not be Interpreted to indicate the superiority of one variety over anal her However if one variety consistently out-yields another over a period of seve ral years the chances arc that the differences are real

lodging data are very difficult to interpret A high-yielding variety should nOt necessarily be down-graded because of a high percentage of lodging for a given year and at a given location local weather conditions such as wind and rain may cause a variety 10

lodge much more than it normally does Variety lrials normally have a greater degree of lodging than do farmer fields It should also be emphasized that a variety reponed to be 50 lodged does not imply that only 50 of the grain could be harvested With good equipment almost all of the grain can often be saved lodging data for a period of years should receive more consideration than annual lodging data since they will give a mo re accurate picture o f vatietal performance

1979 TEST CO NDITIONS

In contrast 10 the 1977 fall seeding weather the 1978 fall seeding weather was near ideal The first half of October was wet but the latter half of October and the first half of November were mostly warm and dry allowing good development of The small grains The second half of November was cooler and welter than normal December had mild lemperatures with above normal precipitation causing floods Only a trace of snow occurred in December JanuHY was colder and wetter than normal averaging

7

almost 9 degrees below normal making it the fihh coldest January o n record Fe bruary was also colder and weller than nor mal with tempera1Ures about 8 degrees below nor ma l and o ne inch plus of precipitation above norma l December through February was the seventh coldest winter on record

March was about 6 degrees above no rmal with three inches below normal precipi1ation Cool wet conditions preva iled through April and May causing the spring of 1979to be the latest on record Precipi tation and temperature averaged above normal for the month of June The greater th an normal winter rainfall kept so ils in a high moisture condition and resulted in more plant heaving damage than usual This was true for all small grains but was especially severe in barley The planl heaving and colder than normal winter temperatures resulted in severe winter killing of barley and oats in some areas of the stale Winter ki lling of whea l was only slight (less than 5) but the wet spring caused some loca lized wa te r damage areas Many wheat diseases occurred but wheat spindle streak mosaic virus was the most severe infection recorded since 1974 Scab on wheat and barley was frequ e ntly observed in many fields

The prevalence of the cereal leaf beetle continues to increase Most plants in the spring oat test at l exington had the ir fl ag leaves dewoyed by bee tle feed ing

1978 TEST CONDITIONS

The fall planting period was mark ed by rai ny wet soil condishytions which reduced the acres planted by many sma ll grain farmers An early snowfall on Thanksgiving weekend stop ped almost all fall small grain growth The remai nd er of November an d the rest of the winter mon ths were cold Below zero temperatures were repon ed in December and January with snow depths of 15 to 20 inches over most of the sta te February was the coldest February on Weathe r Service records Below seasonal temperatures were recorded in March and April

Wintcr ki lling of fall seeded small gra ins was severe resulting in the complete loss of some barley and oat fields A similar winte r ki lling occurred in our romall grain breeding nurscry at lexingto n with a nearly complete loros of barley and oats and even a 15

6

reduction in stand of the more winter-hardy variet ies of wheat The nurseries at other locat ions had winter killing but it was not as severe as that at l exington The reported yie ld of the varieties close ly correlates to winter survival

Many small grain diseases we re observed bu t the severi ty was not any greater than normal except fo r Scab (fusarjum spp) on wheat The variety Dou blecrop had the most severe infection Cereal leaf beetle infestation in the l e xington nurseries was the heaviest ever observed

1977 TEST CONDITIONS

Dr y soil conditions limited planting during the first half of October The latter half or O ctober turned coo l and some preci pitation occurred Cool temperatures continued throughou t the fall resulting in very little fall growth Many late-plan ted small grains did no t emerge unt il spri ng Extremely cold wi nter temperashytures generally coincided wi th good snow cover on the ground except for a few days in th e latte r part of Decembe r The spring growi ng seaso n started wit h nea r normal so il moist ure but April May and June were droughty in some areas of the sta tc

The good snow cover prevented a lot of winter killing of wheat and ba rley although winte r ki lli ng of oats was severe Disease incidence was very mild o r limited to localized areas However new strains of powdery mildew were observed causing the Arthur-type wheat to be less resist an

SMALL GR AIN VARIETIES FOR 1980

Varieties eligible fo r certificat ion include (1) varieties that may have potential for Ken tucky and (2) olde r varieties tha t are still acceptable for production in Kentucky The characteristics of the sma ll grain varieties are su mmarized in Tables 17 and 18

WINTER BARL EY VARIETIES

Winte r barleys are less winterha rdy than winter wheat but mo re hardy than winter oats The degree of winter hardiness straw strength and maturity are important characteristics when choosing

9

a variety Varietal performance data ilre pr e~ented in Tables 3~6 Varieties now commonly grown are Bar~oy Monroe and Vol bar Newer varieties that show promise are Pike Perry and Surry (~ee characteristics in Table 17)

SOFT RED WINTER WHEAl VARIETIES

Kentuckys cl imate and soils are we11 ~uited for the production of high quality soft red winler wheat No single variety has all the desirable characteristics but each has cerla in advantages Yielding ability maw strength height earliness grain quality and disease resistance are important in choosing a variety Varietal performmiddot ance is presenled in Tables 7middot12 Varieties and other characteristics are lisled in Table 16

WINTER OAT VARI ET IES

Winter oats are the least winterhardy ol the winter grain~ Ear ly ~eeding good fertilization practices and planting on well~drained soils are recommended to minimize winter killing Winter oats arc also excel lent for grazing and ~ilage Performance of the win ter oat varieti es is pre~ented in Tables 13middot15 Varieties now commonly grown arc Coker 66middot22 Compact Dubois Nod ine and Walken No released varieties appear ~upNior to the ones commonly grow n

SPR ING O AT VARIETIES

The only small grain sui table for spring seeding by fa rmer~ in Kentucky is spring oa ts Spring oats are used mainly for hay or ~ilagc and as acompanion crop for gras~cs and legumes Grain and forage yields of spring oals are lower than those of the winter 011

varieties when yields of winter oats are not severely reduced from winter killing or disease Two spring oat va rieties (Otee and Jaycee) are commonly grown because of their higher level of resistance to Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (oat red leaf) (Table 16)

10

CERTIFIED SEED

Planting certified seed is one of the first steps in ensuring a good small grain crop The extra cost of certified seed is justified in view of the high quality of seed obtained Certified seed is seed which has been grown in such a way as to ensure the genetic identity and purity of a variety Certified seed also helps to maintain freedom from weed and o ther crop seed and in some cases freedom from diselse The Kentucky Agricultural Experimen t Station recommends that Kcnlu ckymiddotcertified seed be used when ~ ever possible for growing commercial crops of small grains

cknowledcmenr i5 made 10 he UnivenifY of KcmLlcky Computing Center for assmUlct in iummHllmg some of Ille rewIS reported inillis progre5gt report to COlmy Agricultural AgCntS Ted HalYard Marvin Dallidson Willidm Hendrick and Jack Snyder for mjlanct in 10cJfingltu ~il(~ iJfld collccUlR dua and 0 Dr Richard Sfuckty for hi ai5Isanct in disea~e idendicalion lIld evattIIon for fhe varieues II all lesl local ions

11

bullbullbull

bull bullbull

bullbullbull bullbullbull bullbullbull

Table 3- Barley Performance Trials for the Purchase Region 01 Kentucky 1977-79

1m fidei riA

C 19 bull1 Wbol enou

In II UH V IUt Hurut Huruy ny HurTOt Hunay Huoy

101 ntampano u bullbullbull

110CUy_ 1 bull U) bullbullbull 10

1 bullbullbull~shy 1 bullbullbullt Ht 116 126

101 DlU j j Ulb bullbullbull 121 U bullI i

141 132~l 46 ~ Ui i UlCl 10 463 1 n) 2

UlI 1 n111 410 nD )15 1 nDbull 0 431 bull )1 3$4

i 4l

1nroe hrr 514 436 b

j 374 1549 l 41

U4 n) )62 ]S)

~ 391 172VolMt 41 42

S Su I1 fIo bullbull - shyith 177 I 1971

Vorlon ny not Hurny Itoor Huu Hun

-

4JI

7 1)Ui i )16Chon -

511 4119 k 1

10 517 bull bull 1117

426-shy- 511 h j j 512 2J IM Ike JIll lIt 411hVIN i 5U

12

Table 3- (conti nued)

IM LodlIt Ii it)) 1m I m 1m Wlety -y Hung n nay ltvrOl g CI 1 i bull

bullbull

k7 bull -1 1 I bullbull bull ~ bull -~ j bull bull

UI I

i bullbull Wnlllu bull

Table 4-Barley Perfor mance Tria ls for the Sou the rn Tier and Weslern Coa l fie lds Regions of Kentu cky 1977-1 971)1

tldel AInt L ---1

attety -Jabull

41

CIu loin n 11 1 U

)4

$ )7 H

_rOO H U r rlkc 4)

bullSuny 4J

VIHC 71

T t Wlat b1luJm --iltm illI

WadatyI 41 6 415464 41 shy 0 bullbullbullbull 431 ----Ct_ 41 ~ 46 3 53 -I 413 4)1 00

41 436 431 ue 19 460 1 427 HO 4J1 ~50 4-J 431 41 40a 111$- 19 U 404 H) lB 3

hr )0 UO 461 460 449 40 b 46 411 44 4)6 47 410 1 46 42) 41J )7 Wolc 472 raquo2 )1 1 ~I

13

1Jff

10) 101 14) 1bull0 133 129U ll 12 4 1amp7 114 ll 14 UlU 11middot0 l0 129bullbullbull bullbullbull 141 161 159bullbullbull l101 101 U 141 U6 t4 104 141 11 02 16 116 13136 n1

124 1l6 149 1)0 10 101 14 131 1)1 U1 140 10 11) I) 140 120 12 U1

CIl000 Seed 1979 111-----1i1L

bull bull r I

HI 10 )06 ))0 ]11 l~

166 109 XU n bull 16) 19 n6 160 ))0 n bull 12 n 171 ))bullbull I bull n bull UJ 11 11) lOn )04 n bull 310 ))6 ))1 102 110 142 110 110 29 )0 n9 )09 nl 10 28 116 )2 )) bull 136 34 111n4 29) lll nl )6 )4 299 n lO ))1 34 HIt )94 )61 ]1 ni 36

Table 4-(continued) Table 5-(continued

Tn lid Lbooh CubullbullIIOOO S 1 SlOnl no bull t Ilt IU 1171 Jill IllI~ [ 11 bull

I9H illL shyIm -1L rhtx ~- I VrUtt ~ --- bull bull

~ 2 411 1 3)0 lZO )~6 U U n )72 ~- ~1l1 10 Cty U2 211 gt0

1

Sloe )12 _ 4a UI 4)S Cuyt 21 4)7 01 SlZ gt0 n 41) nl 410 -ly 1 HI2 SIll ln4 HI4 64) ) 461 4) n 1 371 111 HO) sin 45 476 U7 )71 114 11 )01 HU 446 427 n6 111511l 410 stU 04 4 SII )2a JI ~ a 4 51 2 491 )17 -

1 4121 471 466 312 U bull~ 1-- m 501 )10 503 42 nl ll1 ffilt Ill 4

41) )21 )14 m 901Nt 4 441 41 Yollwr n )01 SIll shygt0

II1lt I 1918 In

Vrhtl = bull rr ------shy---- 26 SIll 429au nOlO stu 521 Clayt 10 21 SIlO 00 ~ 516 Oo~

11 ~ 524 ~

~ )11

1112

~J -- rr

-

$2 bull bullbull )12 JIll n

n 21 r 524

Yolb - Vollgt-r -~ 510 11 ly I tlktlf ly IC ~ _Line c_ rY r

Iet i_ Jp4

119 In lth 1m ill 1m Varlu] ~- ~- Lu

- Table 5-Barley Performncc Tria ls for the hstern Bluegrass Clay_ North Central Olnd Ohio Valley Regions of Kentucky 1977middot1979 ~ bull

- bull 1 rotd bot (Oraln ~

rid IooAlUi 1911 1919 lUI 1911

Iuy l-t_ ~ ~ -- ~

bull bull

Surry 1( ) U 112 I ~ bull bullbulllIalb r

12 112 14amp CIyoll 111 10 - 10 5 105 bullbullbull 101 lAx lAd rI I--t-gt tll Igteht kl bullbullbull bullbullbulln 109 106 111 111 -1Ia 111 0) I) ~ - bullbullbull bullbullbull J19 Illbullbullbull

~ rib 10 J bullbullbull IVII HI ~ bullbullbull bullbullbull U5 111 0-Vlloor 111

14 15

- -shy

~J

Figure 1-Agro-climatlc regions 01 Kentucky small grain variety trials

TC$ing location CooperatorRegion

Purchase 2 Western Coal Field

Murray Princeton

Mr loc Pat Carraway West KcnlUcky Sub~a IIOn

3 Ohio VaHey 4 Bluegrass

Hende~on lexington

MI Walter Gooch Kentucky Agricultural (xperimcnt Station

5 Southern Tier Elkton Me Joe Miller

6 Nonh Cenlral Elizabethtown Mr Allen Baugh

The objective of the KenlUcky small grain variety trials i ~ to evaluate varieties of barley wheat and oats that are commercially available or may soon be available to Kentucky farmers New varieties are continually being demiddoteloped by agri cultural experi shyment stations and commercial firms Annua l evaluation of small grain varieties and selections provides seedsmen farmers and other agricultural workers with current information to help them select the varieties best adapted to their locality and individual requirements

Since weather soil and other environmental faciors will alter varietal performance from one loca l ion to another tests are grown in six locations (Fig 1) in the state (lexington Henderson Elkton PrincelOn EIi7abcthtown and Murray) Suggested varie ties are revised each year because of The availability of new varieties improvements in produCiion practices and continually changin g disease and insect hazards

4

EXPER IMENTAL METHODS

The plots were planted with a specia ll y built multi-row cone seeder Each plot consisted of four or si x rows to form a plot fou r feet wide which was later trimmed (0 10 feet in length Each variety was grown in four replications and Ihe per plot data presented are the average response from the four replications of 40 square feet harvested with a small plot combine Planting dates of all tri als for the past 3 years are listed in Table 2

In some instances uncontrollable factors-such as excessive rainfall winter killing high winds hail ~razing cattle etcshyadversely affected an experiment so that the results were judged unreliable When this occurred results are not given for that location and year Data averaged over a period of years gives a more accurate picture of varieta l performance than does annual da la

Tabl 2-Pl anling Orles dnd LOCltionsof Kentucky Sml ll C rll in EvaluaTion Tri li is 1979-77

LCODQ WDU IWV

_ -q -- u shyn~ -shytll f n Itll -1 IfHntt un n I un It -_ 11-1 III-U III- 111- 111-11 bullbull 11-11 1~11 19 t U 10-19 I 1 I~ II-U III-I 111-16 11 bullbull 10-11 10-11 III- bullbullU 16- Il-t bullbullN

w o IO-t I~ I 100-11 10-1 11 I~)I 19 III-U IJ-t of 00 JI )oil

~ ntt oo _ ___ _ bullbull _ 100M _ ~_ a- o _ bull _ r _ ~11 _ _ U _ 1_ _ aI _ -~ -- - shy

DATA COLLECTED

It is imporlant to consider other characteristics in addition to grain yield when selecting a variety

Grain yield of most plots was taken by cutting all rows with a self-propelled combine The grain yields for barley and oats at lexington and barley at Elizabethtown were taken by cuuing each plOT and threshing Ihe grain with a Vogel type stationary plot thresher The weights of each plot were recorded in grams and converted to bushels per acre

5

resl wi~hf or the weight of a bushel of grain is a measure of the qUltllity of the grltlin The higher the test weight the higher the quality and market value unless the grain has been down-graded because of another quality faclor

Lorlgin1( was recorded a~ lh~middot percentage of the total plants lying on The ground or leaning at a 45-degree angle from the vertical when the grain was mature The Term maturity as used in Ihis r(port refers 10 the date the grain was ready to be combine harvested

Pam heigll was recorded as the number of centimeters from the ground to the tip of the upright grain head and converted to inches

Survival was recorded as the percenlage of plants estimated to have survived the winler This is a measure of winter hardiness and is an imporlant factor 10 consider when splecting a variety

-I fading dale is rcponed as the date when 50 of the heads had emerged from the plan ls in each plot This is also a measure of InaturilY and is ImportanT when selecting r variety for use in a double-cropping system

Percent propin reported on a whole seed basis was measured by the Udy dye binding or near-infrared technique Yield of grain should also be considered when evaluating protein content The most desirable (ombinaTion would be highest yield and highest percenl protein Howevtr this combinatIon rtHely occurs High protein content ilt often a result of low yield and poor grain filling seed (shriveling) Nitrogen fertilization can increasc protein content of the grain

Grams p(r Iholl~and seeds is a measure of seed size and seed quality Planting rates can be adjusted by knowing seed size Poor quality grain is usually low In weight per thousand seeds

Disease and inSPCI dala are reported as relative amounts that occurred on the varieties at the time the readings were made Disease and insect problems are often different in different years

6

RESU LTS AN D DISCUSSIO N

Since genetic expression of a variety is grea tly influenced by environ menial conditions it is best to have several years data from which to draw conclusions Performance of a variety tested for only one year should not be compared with a J-ycar average of another variety since il is possible that results In one of Ihe other years were extremely good or poor and thus nOt comparable

The yield of a variety is relative and should be compared with the yields of the other varieties in the same experimen t and at the same location Small differences in yield of only a few bushels per acre between twO varielies from an individual test should not be Interpreted to indicate the superiority of one variety over anal her However if one variety consistently out-yields another over a period of seve ral years the chances arc that the differences are real

lodging data are very difficult to interpret A high-yielding variety should nOt necessarily be down-graded because of a high percentage of lodging for a given year and at a given location local weather conditions such as wind and rain may cause a variety 10

lodge much more than it normally does Variety lrials normally have a greater degree of lodging than do farmer fields It should also be emphasized that a variety reponed to be 50 lodged does not imply that only 50 of the grain could be harvested With good equipment almost all of the grain can often be saved lodging data for a period of years should receive more consideration than annual lodging data since they will give a mo re accurate picture o f vatietal performance

1979 TEST CO NDITIONS

In contrast 10 the 1977 fall seeding weather the 1978 fall seeding weather was near ideal The first half of October was wet but the latter half of October and the first half of November were mostly warm and dry allowing good development of The small grains The second half of November was cooler and welter than normal December had mild lemperatures with above normal precipitation causing floods Only a trace of snow occurred in December JanuHY was colder and wetter than normal averaging

7

almost 9 degrees below normal making it the fihh coldest January o n record Fe bruary was also colder and weller than nor mal with tempera1Ures about 8 degrees below nor ma l and o ne inch plus of precipitation above norma l December through February was the seventh coldest winter on record

March was about 6 degrees above no rmal with three inches below normal precipi1ation Cool wet conditions preva iled through April and May causing the spring of 1979to be the latest on record Precipi tation and temperature averaged above normal for the month of June The greater th an normal winter rainfall kept so ils in a high moisture condition and resulted in more plant heaving damage than usual This was true for all small grains but was especially severe in barley The planl heaving and colder than normal winter temperatures resulted in severe winter killing of barley and oats in some areas of the stale Winter ki lling of whea l was only slight (less than 5) but the wet spring caused some loca lized wa te r damage areas Many wheat diseases occurred but wheat spindle streak mosaic virus was the most severe infection recorded since 1974 Scab on wheat and barley was frequ e ntly observed in many fields

The prevalence of the cereal leaf beetle continues to increase Most plants in the spring oat test at l exington had the ir fl ag leaves dewoyed by bee tle feed ing

1978 TEST CONDITIONS

The fall planting period was mark ed by rai ny wet soil condishytions which reduced the acres planted by many sma ll grain farmers An early snowfall on Thanksgiving weekend stop ped almost all fall small grain growth The remai nd er of November an d the rest of the winter mon ths were cold Below zero temperatures were repon ed in December and January with snow depths of 15 to 20 inches over most of the sta te February was the coldest February on Weathe r Service records Below seasonal temperatures were recorded in March and April

Wintcr ki lling of fall seeded small gra ins was severe resulting in the complete loss of some barley and oat fields A similar winte r ki lling occurred in our romall grain breeding nurscry at lexingto n with a nearly complete loros of barley and oats and even a 15

6

reduction in stand of the more winter-hardy variet ies of wheat The nurseries at other locat ions had winter killing but it was not as severe as that at l exington The reported yie ld of the varieties close ly correlates to winter survival

Many small grain diseases we re observed bu t the severi ty was not any greater than normal except fo r Scab (fusarjum spp) on wheat The variety Dou blecrop had the most severe infection Cereal leaf beetle infestation in the l e xington nurseries was the heaviest ever observed

1977 TEST CONDITIONS

Dr y soil conditions limited planting during the first half of October The latter half or O ctober turned coo l and some preci pitation occurred Cool temperatures continued throughou t the fall resulting in very little fall growth Many late-plan ted small grains did no t emerge unt il spri ng Extremely cold wi nter temperashytures generally coincided wi th good snow cover on the ground except for a few days in th e latte r part of Decembe r The spring growi ng seaso n started wit h nea r normal so il moist ure but April May and June were droughty in some areas of the sta tc

The good snow cover prevented a lot of winter killing of wheat and ba rley although winte r ki lli ng of oats was severe Disease incidence was very mild o r limited to localized areas However new strains of powdery mildew were observed causing the Arthur-type wheat to be less resist an

SMALL GR AIN VARIETIES FOR 1980

Varieties eligible fo r certificat ion include (1) varieties that may have potential for Ken tucky and (2) olde r varieties tha t are still acceptable for production in Kentucky The characteristics of the sma ll grain varieties are su mmarized in Tables 17 and 18

WINTER BARL EY VARIETIES

Winte r barleys are less winterha rdy than winter wheat but mo re hardy than winter oats The degree of winter hardiness straw strength and maturity are important characteristics when choosing

9

a variety Varietal performance data ilre pr e~ented in Tables 3~6 Varieties now commonly grown are Bar~oy Monroe and Vol bar Newer varieties that show promise are Pike Perry and Surry (~ee characteristics in Table 17)

SOFT RED WINTER WHEAl VARIETIES

Kentuckys cl imate and soils are we11 ~uited for the production of high quality soft red winler wheat No single variety has all the desirable characteristics but each has cerla in advantages Yielding ability maw strength height earliness grain quality and disease resistance are important in choosing a variety Varietal performmiddot ance is presenled in Tables 7middot12 Varieties and other characteristics are lisled in Table 16

WINTER OAT VARI ET IES

Winter oats are the least winterhardy ol the winter grain~ Ear ly ~eeding good fertilization practices and planting on well~drained soils are recommended to minimize winter killing Winter oats arc also excel lent for grazing and ~ilage Performance of the win ter oat varieti es is pre~ented in Tables 13middot15 Varieties now commonly grown arc Coker 66middot22 Compact Dubois Nod ine and Walken No released varieties appear ~upNior to the ones commonly grow n

SPR ING O AT VARIETIES

The only small grain sui table for spring seeding by fa rmer~ in Kentucky is spring oa ts Spring oats are used mainly for hay or ~ilagc and as acompanion crop for gras~cs and legumes Grain and forage yields of spring oals are lower than those of the winter 011

varieties when yields of winter oats are not severely reduced from winter killing or disease Two spring oat va rieties (Otee and Jaycee) are commonly grown because of their higher level of resistance to Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (oat red leaf) (Table 16)

10

CERTIFIED SEED

Planting certified seed is one of the first steps in ensuring a good small grain crop The extra cost of certified seed is justified in view of the high quality of seed obtained Certified seed is seed which has been grown in such a way as to ensure the genetic identity and purity of a variety Certified seed also helps to maintain freedom from weed and o ther crop seed and in some cases freedom from diselse The Kentucky Agricultural Experimen t Station recommends that Kcnlu ckymiddotcertified seed be used when ~ ever possible for growing commercial crops of small grains

cknowledcmenr i5 made 10 he UnivenifY of KcmLlcky Computing Center for assmUlct in iummHllmg some of Ille rewIS reported inillis progre5gt report to COlmy Agricultural AgCntS Ted HalYard Marvin Dallidson Willidm Hendrick and Jack Snyder for mjlanct in 10cJfingltu ~il(~ iJfld collccUlR dua and 0 Dr Richard Sfuckty for hi ai5Isanct in disea~e idendicalion lIld evattIIon for fhe varieues II all lesl local ions

11

bullbullbull

bull bullbull

bullbullbull bullbullbull bullbullbull

Table 3- Barley Performance Trials for the Purchase Region 01 Kentucky 1977-79

1m fidei riA

C 19 bull1 Wbol enou

In II UH V IUt Hurut Huruy ny HurTOt Hunay Huoy

101 ntampano u bullbullbull

110CUy_ 1 bull U) bullbullbull 10

1 bullbullbull~shy 1 bullbullbullt Ht 116 126

101 DlU j j Ulb bullbullbull 121 U bullI i

141 132~l 46 ~ Ui i UlCl 10 463 1 n) 2

UlI 1 n111 410 nD )15 1 nDbull 0 431 bull )1 3$4

i 4l

1nroe hrr 514 436 b

j 374 1549 l 41

U4 n) )62 ]S)

~ 391 172VolMt 41 42

S Su I1 fIo bullbull - shyith 177 I 1971

Vorlon ny not Hurny Itoor Huu Hun

-

4JI

7 1)Ui i )16Chon -

511 4119 k 1

10 517 bull bull 1117

426-shy- 511 h j j 512 2J IM Ike JIll lIt 411hVIN i 5U

12

Table 3- (conti nued)

IM LodlIt Ii it)) 1m I m 1m Wlety -y Hung n nay ltvrOl g CI 1 i bull

bullbull

k7 bull -1 1 I bullbull bull ~ bull -~ j bull bull

UI I

i bullbull Wnlllu bull

Table 4-Barley Perfor mance Tria ls for the Sou the rn Tier and Weslern Coa l fie lds Regions of Kentu cky 1977-1 971)1

tldel AInt L ---1

attety -Jabull

41

CIu loin n 11 1 U

)4

$ )7 H

_rOO H U r rlkc 4)

bullSuny 4J

VIHC 71

T t Wlat b1luJm --iltm illI

WadatyI 41 6 415464 41 shy 0 bullbullbullbull 431 ----Ct_ 41 ~ 46 3 53 -I 413 4)1 00

41 436 431 ue 19 460 1 427 HO 4J1 ~50 4-J 431 41 40a 111$- 19 U 404 H) lB 3

hr )0 UO 461 460 449 40 b 46 411 44 4)6 47 410 1 46 42) 41J )7 Wolc 472 raquo2 )1 1 ~I

13

1Jff

10) 101 14) 1bull0 133 129U ll 12 4 1amp7 114 ll 14 UlU 11middot0 l0 129bullbullbull bullbullbull 141 161 159bullbullbull l101 101 U 141 U6 t4 104 141 11 02 16 116 13136 n1

124 1l6 149 1)0 10 101 14 131 1)1 U1 140 10 11) I) 140 120 12 U1

CIl000 Seed 1979 111-----1i1L

bull bull r I

HI 10 )06 ))0 ]11 l~

166 109 XU n bull 16) 19 n6 160 ))0 n bull 12 n 171 ))bullbull I bull n bull UJ 11 11) lOn )04 n bull 310 ))6 ))1 102 110 142 110 110 29 )0 n9 )09 nl 10 28 116 )2 )) bull 136 34 111n4 29) lll nl )6 )4 299 n lO ))1 34 HIt )94 )61 ]1 ni 36

Table 4-(continued) Table 5-(continued

Tn lid Lbooh CubullbullIIOOO S 1 SlOnl no bull t Ilt IU 1171 Jill IllI~ [ 11 bull

I9H illL shyIm -1L rhtx ~- I VrUtt ~ --- bull bull

~ 2 411 1 3)0 lZO )~6 U U n )72 ~- ~1l1 10 Cty U2 211 gt0

1

Sloe )12 _ 4a UI 4)S Cuyt 21 4)7 01 SlZ gt0 n 41) nl 410 -ly 1 HI2 SIll ln4 HI4 64) ) 461 4) n 1 371 111 HO) sin 45 476 U7 )71 114 11 )01 HU 446 427 n6 111511l 410 stU 04 4 SII )2a JI ~ a 4 51 2 491 )17 -

1 4121 471 466 312 U bull~ 1-- m 501 )10 503 42 nl ll1 ffilt Ill 4

41) )21 )14 m 901Nt 4 441 41 Yollwr n )01 SIll shygt0

II1lt I 1918 In

Vrhtl = bull rr ------shy---- 26 SIll 429au nOlO stu 521 Clayt 10 21 SIlO 00 ~ 516 Oo~

11 ~ 524 ~

~ )11

1112

~J -- rr

-

$2 bull bullbull )12 JIll n

n 21 r 524

Yolb - Vollgt-r -~ 510 11 ly I tlktlf ly IC ~ _Line c_ rY r

Iet i_ Jp4

119 In lth 1m ill 1m Varlu] ~- ~- Lu

- Table 5-Barley Performncc Tria ls for the hstern Bluegrass Clay_ North Central Olnd Ohio Valley Regions of Kentucky 1977middot1979 ~ bull

- bull 1 rotd bot (Oraln ~

rid IooAlUi 1911 1919 lUI 1911

Iuy l-t_ ~ ~ -- ~

bull bull

Surry 1( ) U 112 I ~ bull bullbulllIalb r

12 112 14amp CIyoll 111 10 - 10 5 105 bullbullbull 101 lAx lAd rI I--t-gt tll Igteht kl bullbullbull bullbullbulln 109 106 111 111 -1Ia 111 0) I) ~ - bullbullbull bullbullbull J19 Illbullbullbull

~ rib 10 J bullbullbull IVII HI ~ bullbullbull bullbullbull U5 111 0-Vlloor 111

14 15

resl wi~hf or the weight of a bushel of grain is a measure of the qUltllity of the grltlin The higher the test weight the higher the quality and market value unless the grain has been down-graded because of another quality faclor

Lorlgin1( was recorded a~ lh~middot percentage of the total plants lying on The ground or leaning at a 45-degree angle from the vertical when the grain was mature The Term maturity as used in Ihis r(port refers 10 the date the grain was ready to be combine harvested

Pam heigll was recorded as the number of centimeters from the ground to the tip of the upright grain head and converted to inches

Survival was recorded as the percenlage of plants estimated to have survived the winler This is a measure of winter hardiness and is an imporlant factor 10 consider when splecting a variety

-I fading dale is rcponed as the date when 50 of the heads had emerged from the plan ls in each plot This is also a measure of InaturilY and is ImportanT when selecting r variety for use in a double-cropping system

Percent propin reported on a whole seed basis was measured by the Udy dye binding or near-infrared technique Yield of grain should also be considered when evaluating protein content The most desirable (ombinaTion would be highest yield and highest percenl protein Howevtr this combinatIon rtHely occurs High protein content ilt often a result of low yield and poor grain filling seed (shriveling) Nitrogen fertilization can increasc protein content of the grain

Grams p(r Iholl~and seeds is a measure of seed size and seed quality Planting rates can be adjusted by knowing seed size Poor quality grain is usually low In weight per thousand seeds

Disease and inSPCI dala are reported as relative amounts that occurred on the varieties at the time the readings were made Disease and insect problems are often different in different years

6

RESU LTS AN D DISCUSSIO N

Since genetic expression of a variety is grea tly influenced by environ menial conditions it is best to have several years data from which to draw conclusions Performance of a variety tested for only one year should not be compared with a J-ycar average of another variety since il is possible that results In one of Ihe other years were extremely good or poor and thus nOt comparable

The yield of a variety is relative and should be compared with the yields of the other varieties in the same experimen t and at the same location Small differences in yield of only a few bushels per acre between twO varielies from an individual test should not be Interpreted to indicate the superiority of one variety over anal her However if one variety consistently out-yields another over a period of seve ral years the chances arc that the differences are real

lodging data are very difficult to interpret A high-yielding variety should nOt necessarily be down-graded because of a high percentage of lodging for a given year and at a given location local weather conditions such as wind and rain may cause a variety 10

lodge much more than it normally does Variety lrials normally have a greater degree of lodging than do farmer fields It should also be emphasized that a variety reponed to be 50 lodged does not imply that only 50 of the grain could be harvested With good equipment almost all of the grain can often be saved lodging data for a period of years should receive more consideration than annual lodging data since they will give a mo re accurate picture o f vatietal performance

1979 TEST CO NDITIONS

In contrast 10 the 1977 fall seeding weather the 1978 fall seeding weather was near ideal The first half of October was wet but the latter half of October and the first half of November were mostly warm and dry allowing good development of The small grains The second half of November was cooler and welter than normal December had mild lemperatures with above normal precipitation causing floods Only a trace of snow occurred in December JanuHY was colder and wetter than normal averaging

7

almost 9 degrees below normal making it the fihh coldest January o n record Fe bruary was also colder and weller than nor mal with tempera1Ures about 8 degrees below nor ma l and o ne inch plus of precipitation above norma l December through February was the seventh coldest winter on record

March was about 6 degrees above no rmal with three inches below normal precipi1ation Cool wet conditions preva iled through April and May causing the spring of 1979to be the latest on record Precipi tation and temperature averaged above normal for the month of June The greater th an normal winter rainfall kept so ils in a high moisture condition and resulted in more plant heaving damage than usual This was true for all small grains but was especially severe in barley The planl heaving and colder than normal winter temperatures resulted in severe winter killing of barley and oats in some areas of the stale Winter ki lling of whea l was only slight (less than 5) but the wet spring caused some loca lized wa te r damage areas Many wheat diseases occurred but wheat spindle streak mosaic virus was the most severe infection recorded since 1974 Scab on wheat and barley was frequ e ntly observed in many fields

The prevalence of the cereal leaf beetle continues to increase Most plants in the spring oat test at l exington had the ir fl ag leaves dewoyed by bee tle feed ing

1978 TEST CONDITIONS

The fall planting period was mark ed by rai ny wet soil condishytions which reduced the acres planted by many sma ll grain farmers An early snowfall on Thanksgiving weekend stop ped almost all fall small grain growth The remai nd er of November an d the rest of the winter mon ths were cold Below zero temperatures were repon ed in December and January with snow depths of 15 to 20 inches over most of the sta te February was the coldest February on Weathe r Service records Below seasonal temperatures were recorded in March and April

Wintcr ki lling of fall seeded small gra ins was severe resulting in the complete loss of some barley and oat fields A similar winte r ki lling occurred in our romall grain breeding nurscry at lexingto n with a nearly complete loros of barley and oats and even a 15

6

reduction in stand of the more winter-hardy variet ies of wheat The nurseries at other locat ions had winter killing but it was not as severe as that at l exington The reported yie ld of the varieties close ly correlates to winter survival

Many small grain diseases we re observed bu t the severi ty was not any greater than normal except fo r Scab (fusarjum spp) on wheat The variety Dou blecrop had the most severe infection Cereal leaf beetle infestation in the l e xington nurseries was the heaviest ever observed

1977 TEST CONDITIONS

Dr y soil conditions limited planting during the first half of October The latter half or O ctober turned coo l and some preci pitation occurred Cool temperatures continued throughou t the fall resulting in very little fall growth Many late-plan ted small grains did no t emerge unt il spri ng Extremely cold wi nter temperashytures generally coincided wi th good snow cover on the ground except for a few days in th e latte r part of Decembe r The spring growi ng seaso n started wit h nea r normal so il moist ure but April May and June were droughty in some areas of the sta tc

The good snow cover prevented a lot of winter killing of wheat and ba rley although winte r ki lli ng of oats was severe Disease incidence was very mild o r limited to localized areas However new strains of powdery mildew were observed causing the Arthur-type wheat to be less resist an

SMALL GR AIN VARIETIES FOR 1980

Varieties eligible fo r certificat ion include (1) varieties that may have potential for Ken tucky and (2) olde r varieties tha t are still acceptable for production in Kentucky The characteristics of the sma ll grain varieties are su mmarized in Tables 17 and 18

WINTER BARL EY VARIETIES

Winte r barleys are less winterha rdy than winter wheat but mo re hardy than winter oats The degree of winter hardiness straw strength and maturity are important characteristics when choosing

9

a variety Varietal performance data ilre pr e~ented in Tables 3~6 Varieties now commonly grown are Bar~oy Monroe and Vol bar Newer varieties that show promise are Pike Perry and Surry (~ee characteristics in Table 17)

SOFT RED WINTER WHEAl VARIETIES

Kentuckys cl imate and soils are we11 ~uited for the production of high quality soft red winler wheat No single variety has all the desirable characteristics but each has cerla in advantages Yielding ability maw strength height earliness grain quality and disease resistance are important in choosing a variety Varietal performmiddot ance is presenled in Tables 7middot12 Varieties and other characteristics are lisled in Table 16

WINTER OAT VARI ET IES

Winter oats are the least winterhardy ol the winter grain~ Ear ly ~eeding good fertilization practices and planting on well~drained soils are recommended to minimize winter killing Winter oats arc also excel lent for grazing and ~ilage Performance of the win ter oat varieti es is pre~ented in Tables 13middot15 Varieties now commonly grown arc Coker 66middot22 Compact Dubois Nod ine and Walken No released varieties appear ~upNior to the ones commonly grow n

SPR ING O AT VARIETIES

The only small grain sui table for spring seeding by fa rmer~ in Kentucky is spring oa ts Spring oats are used mainly for hay or ~ilagc and as acompanion crop for gras~cs and legumes Grain and forage yields of spring oals are lower than those of the winter 011

varieties when yields of winter oats are not severely reduced from winter killing or disease Two spring oat va rieties (Otee and Jaycee) are commonly grown because of their higher level of resistance to Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (oat red leaf) (Table 16)

10

CERTIFIED SEED

Planting certified seed is one of the first steps in ensuring a good small grain crop The extra cost of certified seed is justified in view of the high quality of seed obtained Certified seed is seed which has been grown in such a way as to ensure the genetic identity and purity of a variety Certified seed also helps to maintain freedom from weed and o ther crop seed and in some cases freedom from diselse The Kentucky Agricultural Experimen t Station recommends that Kcnlu ckymiddotcertified seed be used when ~ ever possible for growing commercial crops of small grains

cknowledcmenr i5 made 10 he UnivenifY of KcmLlcky Computing Center for assmUlct in iummHllmg some of Ille rewIS reported inillis progre5gt report to COlmy Agricultural AgCntS Ted HalYard Marvin Dallidson Willidm Hendrick and Jack Snyder for mjlanct in 10cJfingltu ~il(~ iJfld collccUlR dua and 0 Dr Richard Sfuckty for hi ai5Isanct in disea~e idendicalion lIld evattIIon for fhe varieues II all lesl local ions

11

bullbullbull

bull bullbull

bullbullbull bullbullbull bullbullbull

Table 3- Barley Performance Trials for the Purchase Region 01 Kentucky 1977-79

1m fidei riA

C 19 bull1 Wbol enou

In II UH V IUt Hurut Huruy ny HurTOt Hunay Huoy

101 ntampano u bullbullbull

110CUy_ 1 bull U) bullbullbull 10

1 bullbullbull~shy 1 bullbullbullt Ht 116 126

101 DlU j j Ulb bullbullbull 121 U bullI i

141 132~l 46 ~ Ui i UlCl 10 463 1 n) 2

UlI 1 n111 410 nD )15 1 nDbull 0 431 bull )1 3$4

i 4l

1nroe hrr 514 436 b

j 374 1549 l 41

U4 n) )62 ]S)

~ 391 172VolMt 41 42

S Su I1 fIo bullbull - shyith 177 I 1971

Vorlon ny not Hurny Itoor Huu Hun

-

4JI

7 1)Ui i )16Chon -

511 4119 k 1

10 517 bull bull 1117

426-shy- 511 h j j 512 2J IM Ike JIll lIt 411hVIN i 5U

12

Table 3- (conti nued)

IM LodlIt Ii it)) 1m I m 1m Wlety -y Hung n nay ltvrOl g CI 1 i bull

bullbull

k7 bull -1 1 I bullbull bull ~ bull -~ j bull bull

UI I

i bullbull Wnlllu bull

Table 4-Barley Perfor mance Tria ls for the Sou the rn Tier and Weslern Coa l fie lds Regions of Kentu cky 1977-1 971)1

tldel AInt L ---1

attety -Jabull

41

CIu loin n 11 1 U

)4

$ )7 H

_rOO H U r rlkc 4)

bullSuny 4J

VIHC 71

T t Wlat b1luJm --iltm illI

WadatyI 41 6 415464 41 shy 0 bullbullbullbull 431 ----Ct_ 41 ~ 46 3 53 -I 413 4)1 00

41 436 431 ue 19 460 1 427 HO 4J1 ~50 4-J 431 41 40a 111$- 19 U 404 H) lB 3

hr )0 UO 461 460 449 40 b 46 411 44 4)6 47 410 1 46 42) 41J )7 Wolc 472 raquo2 )1 1 ~I

13

1Jff

10) 101 14) 1bull0 133 129U ll 12 4 1amp7 114 ll 14 UlU 11middot0 l0 129bullbullbull bullbullbull 141 161 159bullbullbull l101 101 U 141 U6 t4 104 141 11 02 16 116 13136 n1

124 1l6 149 1)0 10 101 14 131 1)1 U1 140 10 11) I) 140 120 12 U1

CIl000 Seed 1979 111-----1i1L

bull bull r I

HI 10 )06 ))0 ]11 l~

166 109 XU n bull 16) 19 n6 160 ))0 n bull 12 n 171 ))bullbull I bull n bull UJ 11 11) lOn )04 n bull 310 ))6 ))1 102 110 142 110 110 29 )0 n9 )09 nl 10 28 116 )2 )) bull 136 34 111n4 29) lll nl )6 )4 299 n lO ))1 34 HIt )94 )61 ]1 ni 36

Table 4-(continued) Table 5-(continued

Tn lid Lbooh CubullbullIIOOO S 1 SlOnl no bull t Ilt IU 1171 Jill IllI~ [ 11 bull

I9H illL shyIm -1L rhtx ~- I VrUtt ~ --- bull bull

~ 2 411 1 3)0 lZO )~6 U U n )72 ~- ~1l1 10 Cty U2 211 gt0

1

Sloe )12 _ 4a UI 4)S Cuyt 21 4)7 01 SlZ gt0 n 41) nl 410 -ly 1 HI2 SIll ln4 HI4 64) ) 461 4) n 1 371 111 HO) sin 45 476 U7 )71 114 11 )01 HU 446 427 n6 111511l 410 stU 04 4 SII )2a JI ~ a 4 51 2 491 )17 -

1 4121 471 466 312 U bull~ 1-- m 501 )10 503 42 nl ll1 ffilt Ill 4

41) )21 )14 m 901Nt 4 441 41 Yollwr n )01 SIll shygt0

II1lt I 1918 In

Vrhtl = bull rr ------shy---- 26 SIll 429au nOlO stu 521 Clayt 10 21 SIlO 00 ~ 516 Oo~

11 ~ 524 ~

~ )11

1112

~J -- rr

-

$2 bull bullbull )12 JIll n

n 21 r 524

Yolb - Vollgt-r -~ 510 11 ly I tlktlf ly IC ~ _Line c_ rY r

Iet i_ Jp4

119 In lth 1m ill 1m Varlu] ~- ~- Lu

- Table 5-Barley Performncc Tria ls for the hstern Bluegrass Clay_ North Central Olnd Ohio Valley Regions of Kentucky 1977middot1979 ~ bull

- bull 1 rotd bot (Oraln ~

rid IooAlUi 1911 1919 lUI 1911

Iuy l-t_ ~ ~ -- ~

bull bull

Surry 1( ) U 112 I ~ bull bullbulllIalb r

12 112 14amp CIyoll 111 10 - 10 5 105 bullbullbull 101 lAx lAd rI I--t-gt tll Igteht kl bullbullbull bullbullbulln 109 106 111 111 -1Ia 111 0) I) ~ - bullbullbull bullbullbull J19 Illbullbullbull

~ rib 10 J bullbullbull IVII HI ~ bullbullbull bullbullbull U5 111 0-Vlloor 111

14 15

almost 9 degrees below normal making it the fihh coldest January o n record Fe bruary was also colder and weller than nor mal with tempera1Ures about 8 degrees below nor ma l and o ne inch plus of precipitation above norma l December through February was the seventh coldest winter on record

March was about 6 degrees above no rmal with three inches below normal precipi1ation Cool wet conditions preva iled through April and May causing the spring of 1979to be the latest on record Precipi tation and temperature averaged above normal for the month of June The greater th an normal winter rainfall kept so ils in a high moisture condition and resulted in more plant heaving damage than usual This was true for all small grains but was especially severe in barley The planl heaving and colder than normal winter temperatures resulted in severe winter killing of barley and oats in some areas of the stale Winter ki lling of whea l was only slight (less than 5) but the wet spring caused some loca lized wa te r damage areas Many wheat diseases occurred but wheat spindle streak mosaic virus was the most severe infection recorded since 1974 Scab on wheat and barley was frequ e ntly observed in many fields

The prevalence of the cereal leaf beetle continues to increase Most plants in the spring oat test at l exington had the ir fl ag leaves dewoyed by bee tle feed ing

1978 TEST CONDITIONS

The fall planting period was mark ed by rai ny wet soil condishytions which reduced the acres planted by many sma ll grain farmers An early snowfall on Thanksgiving weekend stop ped almost all fall small grain growth The remai nd er of November an d the rest of the winter mon ths were cold Below zero temperatures were repon ed in December and January with snow depths of 15 to 20 inches over most of the sta te February was the coldest February on Weathe r Service records Below seasonal temperatures were recorded in March and April

Wintcr ki lling of fall seeded small gra ins was severe resulting in the complete loss of some barley and oat fields A similar winte r ki lling occurred in our romall grain breeding nurscry at lexingto n with a nearly complete loros of barley and oats and even a 15

6

reduction in stand of the more winter-hardy variet ies of wheat The nurseries at other locat ions had winter killing but it was not as severe as that at l exington The reported yie ld of the varieties close ly correlates to winter survival

Many small grain diseases we re observed bu t the severi ty was not any greater than normal except fo r Scab (fusarjum spp) on wheat The variety Dou blecrop had the most severe infection Cereal leaf beetle infestation in the l e xington nurseries was the heaviest ever observed

1977 TEST CONDITIONS

Dr y soil conditions limited planting during the first half of October The latter half or O ctober turned coo l and some preci pitation occurred Cool temperatures continued throughou t the fall resulting in very little fall growth Many late-plan ted small grains did no t emerge unt il spri ng Extremely cold wi nter temperashytures generally coincided wi th good snow cover on the ground except for a few days in th e latte r part of Decembe r The spring growi ng seaso n started wit h nea r normal so il moist ure but April May and June were droughty in some areas of the sta tc

The good snow cover prevented a lot of winter killing of wheat and ba rley although winte r ki lli ng of oats was severe Disease incidence was very mild o r limited to localized areas However new strains of powdery mildew were observed causing the Arthur-type wheat to be less resist an

SMALL GR AIN VARIETIES FOR 1980

Varieties eligible fo r certificat ion include (1) varieties that may have potential for Ken tucky and (2) olde r varieties tha t are still acceptable for production in Kentucky The characteristics of the sma ll grain varieties are su mmarized in Tables 17 and 18

WINTER BARL EY VARIETIES

Winte r barleys are less winterha rdy than winter wheat but mo re hardy than winter oats The degree of winter hardiness straw strength and maturity are important characteristics when choosing

9

a variety Varietal performance data ilre pr e~ented in Tables 3~6 Varieties now commonly grown are Bar~oy Monroe and Vol bar Newer varieties that show promise are Pike Perry and Surry (~ee characteristics in Table 17)

SOFT RED WINTER WHEAl VARIETIES

Kentuckys cl imate and soils are we11 ~uited for the production of high quality soft red winler wheat No single variety has all the desirable characteristics but each has cerla in advantages Yielding ability maw strength height earliness grain quality and disease resistance are important in choosing a variety Varietal performmiddot ance is presenled in Tables 7middot12 Varieties and other characteristics are lisled in Table 16

WINTER OAT VARI ET IES

Winter oats are the least winterhardy ol the winter grain~ Ear ly ~eeding good fertilization practices and planting on well~drained soils are recommended to minimize winter killing Winter oats arc also excel lent for grazing and ~ilage Performance of the win ter oat varieti es is pre~ented in Tables 13middot15 Varieties now commonly grown arc Coker 66middot22 Compact Dubois Nod ine and Walken No released varieties appear ~upNior to the ones commonly grow n

SPR ING O AT VARIETIES

The only small grain sui table for spring seeding by fa rmer~ in Kentucky is spring oa ts Spring oats are used mainly for hay or ~ilagc and as acompanion crop for gras~cs and legumes Grain and forage yields of spring oals are lower than those of the winter 011

varieties when yields of winter oats are not severely reduced from winter killing or disease Two spring oat va rieties (Otee and Jaycee) are commonly grown because of their higher level of resistance to Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (oat red leaf) (Table 16)

10

CERTIFIED SEED

Planting certified seed is one of the first steps in ensuring a good small grain crop The extra cost of certified seed is justified in view of the high quality of seed obtained Certified seed is seed which has been grown in such a way as to ensure the genetic identity and purity of a variety Certified seed also helps to maintain freedom from weed and o ther crop seed and in some cases freedom from diselse The Kentucky Agricultural Experimen t Station recommends that Kcnlu ckymiddotcertified seed be used when ~ ever possible for growing commercial crops of small grains

cknowledcmenr i5 made 10 he UnivenifY of KcmLlcky Computing Center for assmUlct in iummHllmg some of Ille rewIS reported inillis progre5gt report to COlmy Agricultural AgCntS Ted HalYard Marvin Dallidson Willidm Hendrick and Jack Snyder for mjlanct in 10cJfingltu ~il(~ iJfld collccUlR dua and 0 Dr Richard Sfuckty for hi ai5Isanct in disea~e idendicalion lIld evattIIon for fhe varieues II all lesl local ions

11

bullbullbull

bull bullbull

bullbullbull bullbullbull bullbullbull

Table 3- Barley Performance Trials for the Purchase Region 01 Kentucky 1977-79

1m fidei riA

C 19 bull1 Wbol enou

In II UH V IUt Hurut Huruy ny HurTOt Hunay Huoy

101 ntampano u bullbullbull

110CUy_ 1 bull U) bullbullbull 10

1 bullbullbull~shy 1 bullbullbullt Ht 116 126

101 DlU j j Ulb bullbullbull 121 U bullI i

141 132~l 46 ~ Ui i UlCl 10 463 1 n) 2

UlI 1 n111 410 nD )15 1 nDbull 0 431 bull )1 3$4

i 4l

1nroe hrr 514 436 b

j 374 1549 l 41

U4 n) )62 ]S)

~ 391 172VolMt 41 42

S Su I1 fIo bullbull - shyith 177 I 1971

Vorlon ny not Hurny Itoor Huu Hun

-

4JI

7 1)Ui i )16Chon -

511 4119 k 1

10 517 bull bull 1117

426-shy- 511 h j j 512 2J IM Ike JIll lIt 411hVIN i 5U

12

Table 3- (conti nued)

IM LodlIt Ii it)) 1m I m 1m Wlety -y Hung n nay ltvrOl g CI 1 i bull

bullbull

k7 bull -1 1 I bullbull bull ~ bull -~ j bull bull

UI I

i bullbull Wnlllu bull

Table 4-Barley Perfor mance Tria ls for the Sou the rn Tier and Weslern Coa l fie lds Regions of Kentu cky 1977-1 971)1

tldel AInt L ---1

attety -Jabull

41

CIu loin n 11 1 U

)4

$ )7 H

_rOO H U r rlkc 4)

bullSuny 4J

VIHC 71

T t Wlat b1luJm --iltm illI

WadatyI 41 6 415464 41 shy 0 bullbullbullbull 431 ----Ct_ 41 ~ 46 3 53 -I 413 4)1 00

41 436 431 ue 19 460 1 427 HO 4J1 ~50 4-J 431 41 40a 111$- 19 U 404 H) lB 3

hr )0 UO 461 460 449 40 b 46 411 44 4)6 47 410 1 46 42) 41J )7 Wolc 472 raquo2 )1 1 ~I

13

1Jff

10) 101 14) 1bull0 133 129U ll 12 4 1amp7 114 ll 14 UlU 11middot0 l0 129bullbullbull bullbullbull 141 161 159bullbullbull l101 101 U 141 U6 t4 104 141 11 02 16 116 13136 n1

124 1l6 149 1)0 10 101 14 131 1)1 U1 140 10 11) I) 140 120 12 U1

CIl000 Seed 1979 111-----1i1L

bull bull r I

HI 10 )06 ))0 ]11 l~

166 109 XU n bull 16) 19 n6 160 ))0 n bull 12 n 171 ))bullbull I bull n bull UJ 11 11) lOn )04 n bull 310 ))6 ))1 102 110 142 110 110 29 )0 n9 )09 nl 10 28 116 )2 )) bull 136 34 111n4 29) lll nl )6 )4 299 n lO ))1 34 HIt )94 )61 ]1 ni 36

Table 4-(continued) Table 5-(continued

Tn lid Lbooh CubullbullIIOOO S 1 SlOnl no bull t Ilt IU 1171 Jill IllI~ [ 11 bull

I9H illL shyIm -1L rhtx ~- I VrUtt ~ --- bull bull

~ 2 411 1 3)0 lZO )~6 U U n )72 ~- ~1l1 10 Cty U2 211 gt0

1

Sloe )12 _ 4a UI 4)S Cuyt 21 4)7 01 SlZ gt0 n 41) nl 410 -ly 1 HI2 SIll ln4 HI4 64) ) 461 4) n 1 371 111 HO) sin 45 476 U7 )71 114 11 )01 HU 446 427 n6 111511l 410 stU 04 4 SII )2a JI ~ a 4 51 2 491 )17 -

1 4121 471 466 312 U bull~ 1-- m 501 )10 503 42 nl ll1 ffilt Ill 4

41) )21 )14 m 901Nt 4 441 41 Yollwr n )01 SIll shygt0

II1lt I 1918 In

Vrhtl = bull rr ------shy---- 26 SIll 429au nOlO stu 521 Clayt 10 21 SIlO 00 ~ 516 Oo~

11 ~ 524 ~

~ )11

1112

~J -- rr

-

$2 bull bullbull )12 JIll n

n 21 r 524

Yolb - Vollgt-r -~ 510 11 ly I tlktlf ly IC ~ _Line c_ rY r

Iet i_ Jp4

119 In lth 1m ill 1m Varlu] ~- ~- Lu

- Table 5-Barley Performncc Tria ls for the hstern Bluegrass Clay_ North Central Olnd Ohio Valley Regions of Kentucky 1977middot1979 ~ bull

- bull 1 rotd bot (Oraln ~

rid IooAlUi 1911 1919 lUI 1911

Iuy l-t_ ~ ~ -- ~

bull bull

Surry 1( ) U 112 I ~ bull bullbulllIalb r

12 112 14amp CIyoll 111 10 - 10 5 105 bullbullbull 101 lAx lAd rI I--t-gt tll Igteht kl bullbullbull bullbullbulln 109 106 111 111 -1Ia 111 0) I) ~ - bullbullbull bullbullbull J19 Illbullbullbull

~ rib 10 J bullbullbull IVII HI ~ bullbullbull bullbullbull U5 111 0-Vlloor 111

14 15

a variety Varietal performance data ilre pr e~ented in Tables 3~6 Varieties now commonly grown are Bar~oy Monroe and Vol bar Newer varieties that show promise are Pike Perry and Surry (~ee characteristics in Table 17)

SOFT RED WINTER WHEAl VARIETIES

Kentuckys cl imate and soils are we11 ~uited for the production of high quality soft red winler wheat No single variety has all the desirable characteristics but each has cerla in advantages Yielding ability maw strength height earliness grain quality and disease resistance are important in choosing a variety Varietal performmiddot ance is presenled in Tables 7middot12 Varieties and other characteristics are lisled in Table 16

WINTER OAT VARI ET IES

Winter oats are the least winterhardy ol the winter grain~ Ear ly ~eeding good fertilization practices and planting on well~drained soils are recommended to minimize winter killing Winter oats arc also excel lent for grazing and ~ilage Performance of the win ter oat varieti es is pre~ented in Tables 13middot15 Varieties now commonly grown arc Coker 66middot22 Compact Dubois Nod ine and Walken No released varieties appear ~upNior to the ones commonly grow n

SPR ING O AT VARIETIES

The only small grain sui table for spring seeding by fa rmer~ in Kentucky is spring oa ts Spring oats are used mainly for hay or ~ilagc and as acompanion crop for gras~cs and legumes Grain and forage yields of spring oals are lower than those of the winter 011

varieties when yields of winter oats are not severely reduced from winter killing or disease Two spring oat va rieties (Otee and Jaycee) are commonly grown because of their higher level of resistance to Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (oat red leaf) (Table 16)

10

CERTIFIED SEED

Planting certified seed is one of the first steps in ensuring a good small grain crop The extra cost of certified seed is justified in view of the high quality of seed obtained Certified seed is seed which has been grown in such a way as to ensure the genetic identity and purity of a variety Certified seed also helps to maintain freedom from weed and o ther crop seed and in some cases freedom from diselse The Kentucky Agricultural Experimen t Station recommends that Kcnlu ckymiddotcertified seed be used when ~ ever possible for growing commercial crops of small grains

cknowledcmenr i5 made 10 he UnivenifY of KcmLlcky Computing Center for assmUlct in iummHllmg some of Ille rewIS reported inillis progre5gt report to COlmy Agricultural AgCntS Ted HalYard Marvin Dallidson Willidm Hendrick and Jack Snyder for mjlanct in 10cJfingltu ~il(~ iJfld collccUlR dua and 0 Dr Richard Sfuckty for hi ai5Isanct in disea~e idendicalion lIld evattIIon for fhe varieues II all lesl local ions

11

bullbullbull

bull bullbull

bullbullbull bullbullbull bullbullbull

Table 3- Barley Performance Trials for the Purchase Region 01 Kentucky 1977-79

1m fidei riA

C 19 bull1 Wbol enou

In II UH V IUt Hurut Huruy ny HurTOt Hunay Huoy

101 ntampano u bullbullbull

110CUy_ 1 bull U) bullbullbull 10

1 bullbullbull~shy 1 bullbullbullt Ht 116 126

101 DlU j j Ulb bullbullbull 121 U bullI i

141 132~l 46 ~ Ui i UlCl 10 463 1 n) 2

UlI 1 n111 410 nD )15 1 nDbull 0 431 bull )1 3$4

i 4l

1nroe hrr 514 436 b

j 374 1549 l 41

U4 n) )62 ]S)

~ 391 172VolMt 41 42

S Su I1 fIo bullbull - shyith 177 I 1971

Vorlon ny not Hurny Itoor Huu Hun

-

4JI

7 1)Ui i )16Chon -

511 4119 k 1

10 517 bull bull 1117

426-shy- 511 h j j 512 2J IM Ike JIll lIt 411hVIN i 5U

12

Table 3- (conti nued)

IM LodlIt Ii it)) 1m I m 1m Wlety -y Hung n nay ltvrOl g CI 1 i bull

bullbull

k7 bull -1 1 I bullbull bull ~ bull -~ j bull bull

UI I

i bullbull Wnlllu bull

Table 4-Barley Perfor mance Tria ls for the Sou the rn Tier and Weslern Coa l fie lds Regions of Kentu cky 1977-1 971)1

tldel AInt L ---1

attety -Jabull

41

CIu loin n 11 1 U

)4

$ )7 H

_rOO H U r rlkc 4)

bullSuny 4J

VIHC 71

T t Wlat b1luJm --iltm illI

WadatyI 41 6 415464 41 shy 0 bullbullbullbull 431 ----Ct_ 41 ~ 46 3 53 -I 413 4)1 00

41 436 431 ue 19 460 1 427 HO 4J1 ~50 4-J 431 41 40a 111$- 19 U 404 H) lB 3

hr )0 UO 461 460 449 40 b 46 411 44 4)6 47 410 1 46 42) 41J )7 Wolc 472 raquo2 )1 1 ~I

13

1Jff

10) 101 14) 1bull0 133 129U ll 12 4 1amp7 114 ll 14 UlU 11middot0 l0 129bullbullbull bullbullbull 141 161 159bullbullbull l101 101 U 141 U6 t4 104 141 11 02 16 116 13136 n1

124 1l6 149 1)0 10 101 14 131 1)1 U1 140 10 11) I) 140 120 12 U1

CIl000 Seed 1979 111-----1i1L

bull bull r I

HI 10 )06 ))0 ]11 l~

166 109 XU n bull 16) 19 n6 160 ))0 n bull 12 n 171 ))bullbull I bull n bull UJ 11 11) lOn )04 n bull 310 ))6 ))1 102 110 142 110 110 29 )0 n9 )09 nl 10 28 116 )2 )) bull 136 34 111n4 29) lll nl )6 )4 299 n lO ))1 34 HIt )94 )61 ]1 ni 36

Table 4-(continued) Table 5-(continued

Tn lid Lbooh CubullbullIIOOO S 1 SlOnl no bull t Ilt IU 1171 Jill IllI~ [ 11 bull

I9H illL shyIm -1L rhtx ~- I VrUtt ~ --- bull bull

~ 2 411 1 3)0 lZO )~6 U U n )72 ~- ~1l1 10 Cty U2 211 gt0

1

Sloe )12 _ 4a UI 4)S Cuyt 21 4)7 01 SlZ gt0 n 41) nl 410 -ly 1 HI2 SIll ln4 HI4 64) ) 461 4) n 1 371 111 HO) sin 45 476 U7 )71 114 11 )01 HU 446 427 n6 111511l 410 stU 04 4 SII )2a JI ~ a 4 51 2 491 )17 -

1 4121 471 466 312 U bull~ 1-- m 501 )10 503 42 nl ll1 ffilt Ill 4

41) )21 )14 m 901Nt 4 441 41 Yollwr n )01 SIll shygt0

II1lt I 1918 In

Vrhtl = bull rr ------shy---- 26 SIll 429au nOlO stu 521 Clayt 10 21 SIlO 00 ~ 516 Oo~

11 ~ 524 ~

~ )11

1112

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-

$2 bull bullbull )12 JIll n

n 21 r 524

Yolb - Vollgt-r -~ 510 11 ly I tlktlf ly IC ~ _Line c_ rY r

Iet i_ Jp4

119 In lth 1m ill 1m Varlu] ~- ~- Lu

- Table 5-Barley Performncc Tria ls for the hstern Bluegrass Clay_ North Central Olnd Ohio Valley Regions of Kentucky 1977middot1979 ~ bull

- bull 1 rotd bot (Oraln ~

rid IooAlUi 1911 1919 lUI 1911

Iuy l-t_ ~ ~ -- ~

bull bull

Surry 1( ) U 112 I ~ bull bullbulllIalb r

12 112 14amp CIyoll 111 10 - 10 5 105 bullbullbull 101 lAx lAd rI I--t-gt tll Igteht kl bullbullbull bullbullbulln 109 106 111 111 -1Ia 111 0) I) ~ - bullbullbull bullbullbull J19 Illbullbullbull

~ rib 10 J bullbullbull IVII HI ~ bullbullbull bullbullbull U5 111 0-Vlloor 111

14 15

bullbullbull

bull bullbull

bullbullbull bullbullbull bullbullbull

Table 3- Barley Performance Trials for the Purchase Region 01 Kentucky 1977-79

1m fidei riA

C 19 bull1 Wbol enou

In II UH V IUt Hurut Huruy ny HurTOt Hunay Huoy

101 ntampano u bullbullbull

110CUy_ 1 bull U) bullbullbull 10

1 bullbullbull~shy 1 bullbullbullt Ht 116 126

101 DlU j j Ulb bullbullbull 121 U bullI i

141 132~l 46 ~ Ui i UlCl 10 463 1 n) 2

UlI 1 n111 410 nD )15 1 nDbull 0 431 bull )1 3$4

i 4l

1nroe hrr 514 436 b

j 374 1549 l 41

U4 n) )62 ]S)

~ 391 172VolMt 41 42

S Su I1 fIo bullbull - shyith 177 I 1971

Vorlon ny not Hurny Itoor Huu Hun

-

4JI

7 1)Ui i )16Chon -

511 4119 k 1

10 517 bull bull 1117

426-shy- 511 h j j 512 2J IM Ike JIll lIt 411hVIN i 5U

12

Table 3- (conti nued)

IM LodlIt Ii it)) 1m I m 1m Wlety -y Hung n nay ltvrOl g CI 1 i bull

bullbull

k7 bull -1 1 I bullbull bull ~ bull -~ j bull bull

UI I

i bullbull Wnlllu bull

Table 4-Barley Perfor mance Tria ls for the Sou the rn Tier and Weslern Coa l fie lds Regions of Kentu cky 1977-1 971)1

tldel AInt L ---1

attety -Jabull

41

CIu loin n 11 1 U

)4

$ )7 H

_rOO H U r rlkc 4)

bullSuny 4J

VIHC 71

T t Wlat b1luJm --iltm illI

WadatyI 41 6 415464 41 shy 0 bullbullbullbull 431 ----Ct_ 41 ~ 46 3 53 -I 413 4)1 00

41 436 431 ue 19 460 1 427 HO 4J1 ~50 4-J 431 41 40a 111$- 19 U 404 H) lB 3

hr )0 UO 461 460 449 40 b 46 411 44 4)6 47 410 1 46 42) 41J )7 Wolc 472 raquo2 )1 1 ~I

13

1Jff

10) 101 14) 1bull0 133 129U ll 12 4 1amp7 114 ll 14 UlU 11middot0 l0 129bullbullbull bullbullbull 141 161 159bullbullbull l101 101 U 141 U6 t4 104 141 11 02 16 116 13136 n1

124 1l6 149 1)0 10 101 14 131 1)1 U1 140 10 11) I) 140 120 12 U1

CIl000 Seed 1979 111-----1i1L

bull bull r I

HI 10 )06 ))0 ]11 l~

166 109 XU n bull 16) 19 n6 160 ))0 n bull 12 n 171 ))bullbull I bull n bull UJ 11 11) lOn )04 n bull 310 ))6 ))1 102 110 142 110 110 29 )0 n9 )09 nl 10 28 116 )2 )) bull 136 34 111n4 29) lll nl )6 )4 299 n lO ))1 34 HIt )94 )61 ]1 ni 36

Table 4-(continued) Table 5-(continued

Tn lid Lbooh CubullbullIIOOO S 1 SlOnl no bull t Ilt IU 1171 Jill IllI~ [ 11 bull

I9H illL shyIm -1L rhtx ~- I VrUtt ~ --- bull bull

~ 2 411 1 3)0 lZO )~6 U U n )72 ~- ~1l1 10 Cty U2 211 gt0

1

Sloe )12 _ 4a UI 4)S Cuyt 21 4)7 01 SlZ gt0 n 41) nl 410 -ly 1 HI2 SIll ln4 HI4 64) ) 461 4) n 1 371 111 HO) sin 45 476 U7 )71 114 11 )01 HU 446 427 n6 111511l 410 stU 04 4 SII )2a JI ~ a 4 51 2 491 )17 -

1 4121 471 466 312 U bull~ 1-- m 501 )10 503 42 nl ll1 ffilt Ill 4

41) )21 )14 m 901Nt 4 441 41 Yollwr n )01 SIll shygt0

II1lt I 1918 In

Vrhtl = bull rr ------shy---- 26 SIll 429au nOlO stu 521 Clayt 10 21 SIlO 00 ~ 516 Oo~

11 ~ 524 ~

~ )11

1112

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-

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n 21 r 524

Yolb - Vollgt-r -~ 510 11 ly I tlktlf ly IC ~ _Line c_ rY r

Iet i_ Jp4

119 In lth 1m ill 1m Varlu] ~- ~- Lu

- Table 5-Barley Performncc Tria ls for the hstern Bluegrass Clay_ North Central Olnd Ohio Valley Regions of Kentucky 1977middot1979 ~ bull

- bull 1 rotd bot (Oraln ~

rid IooAlUi 1911 1919 lUI 1911

Iuy l-t_ ~ ~ -- ~

bull bull

Surry 1( ) U 112 I ~ bull bullbulllIalb r

12 112 14amp CIyoll 111 10 - 10 5 105 bullbullbull 101 lAx lAd rI I--t-gt tll Igteht kl bullbullbull bullbullbulln 109 106 111 111 -1Ia 111 0) I) ~ - bullbullbull bullbullbull J19 Illbullbullbull

~ rib 10 J bullbullbull IVII HI ~ bullbullbull bullbullbull U5 111 0-Vlloor 111

14 15

Table 4-(continued) Table 5-(continued

Tn lid Lbooh CubullbullIIOOO S 1 SlOnl no bull t Ilt IU 1171 Jill IllI~ [ 11 bull

I9H illL shyIm -1L rhtx ~- I VrUtt ~ --- bull bull

~ 2 411 1 3)0 lZO )~6 U U n )72 ~- ~1l1 10 Cty U2 211 gt0

1

Sloe )12 _ 4a UI 4)S Cuyt 21 4)7 01 SlZ gt0 n 41) nl 410 -ly 1 HI2 SIll ln4 HI4 64) ) 461 4) n 1 371 111 HO) sin 45 476 U7 )71 114 11 )01 HU 446 427 n6 111511l 410 stU 04 4 SII )2a JI ~ a 4 51 2 491 )17 -

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II1lt I 1918 In

Vrhtl = bull rr ------shy---- 26 SIll 429au nOlO stu 521 Clayt 10 21 SIlO 00 ~ 516 Oo~

11 ~ 524 ~

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-

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n 21 r 524

Yolb - Vollgt-r -~ 510 11 ly I tlktlf ly IC ~ _Line c_ rY r

Iet i_ Jp4

119 In lth 1m ill 1m Varlu] ~- ~- Lu

- Table 5-Barley Performncc Tria ls for the hstern Bluegrass Clay_ North Central Olnd Ohio Valley Regions of Kentucky 1977middot1979 ~ bull

- bull 1 rotd bot (Oraln ~

rid IooAlUi 1911 1919 lUI 1911

Iuy l-t_ ~ ~ -- ~

bull bull

Surry 1( ) U 112 I ~ bull bullbulllIalb r

12 112 14amp CIyoll 111 10 - 10 5 105 bullbullbull 101 lAx lAd rI I--t-gt tll Igteht kl bullbullbull bullbullbulln 109 106 111 111 -1Ia 111 0) I) ~ - bullbullbull bullbullbull J19 Illbullbullbull

~ rib 10 J bullbullbull IVII HI ~ bullbullbull bullbullbull U5 111 0-Vlloor 111

14 15

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Table 8-Wheal Performance Trials for Ihe Weslern Coal field Table 9-Wheat Performance Trials for Ihe Ohio Valley Region Region 1977-79 Princelon 1977-79 Henderson

VarlU f1dd Tt _lampht P1ampt ~u IInIU YI-Jd lIallllt Nhal aht SltiNtvd 111

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Table 8-Wheal Performance Trials for Ihe Weslern Coal field Table 9-Wheat Performance Trials for Ihe Ohio Valley Region Region 1977-79 Princelon 1977-79 Henderson

VarlU f1dd Tt _lampht P1ampt ~u IInIU YI-Jd lIallllt Nhal aht SltiNtvd 111

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