Kevin M. Maher University of Macau [email protected]Nis, Serbia – ESP Conference – May 22- 24, 2015 APPLYING COMMUNITY- BASED LEARNING TO ORAL PRESENTATIONS
Transcript
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Kevin M. Maher University of Macau [email protected] Nis, Serbia
ESP Conference May 22-24, 2015 APPLYING COMMUNITY-BASED LEARNING TO
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
Difficult to assess actual speech skills Students rely on it as
a crutch Presenter MUST personally connecting with audience RULE #1
NO POWERPOINT!
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Students should practice to stay within their time limit.
Assign timekeeper students to watch and notify speaker. I prefer
3-5 minute speeches. RULE #2 TIME IT!
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Puts a barrier between speech and audience Its a crutch Loses
audience connection, reading an audience, eye contact, etc. RULE #3
ABSOLUTELY NO READING!
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Yet another barrier between audience. Students might lean or
slouch Allows notes to be placed on it and viewed too often RULE #4
NO PODIUM ALLOWED!
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Eye contact is essential! Eyes must engage with the audience
Look at different people, connecting with them RULE #5 EYE
CONTACT
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Connecting with the audience means effectively using gestures
Confidence is shown through body language RULE #6 USE BODY LANGUAGE
AND HANDS!
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Not monotone Use range of loud and louder, to attract audience
Clearly spoken, pauses, absorbing RULE #7 VOICE
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HOOK to connect with audience BODY PARAGRAPHS clearly organized
and logical CONCLUSION RULE #8 WELL-WRITTEN!
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#5 Eye Contact #6 Use Body Language & Gestures #7 Voice
Clear, Connecting with Audience #8 Well-written (Hook, Body,
Conclusion) THE 8 RULES #1 No PowerPoint #2 Timed #3 No READING
from notes #4 No Podium allowed
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PART II PRE-SPEECH AUDIENCE INVOLVEMENT
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The PERFECT audience: Shows respect for speaker Listens to
presentation Laughs, enjoys, LISTENS The BAD audience: Talks during
presentations Chats on cellphones Makes noises with bags If you are
a bad audience member: Youll lose class points. THE PERFECT
AUDIENCE
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One person CHOSEN. You will be presenter. 95% of the class will
be GREAT audience! 5% BAD Audience: ROLES: Person who YAWNS a lot.
Person using PHONE. Person trying to talk to neighbors. Person into
BAG Person playing with pen or objects. THE AUDIENCE GAME GOOD /
BAD!
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Students will watch videos, than present on the content of the
videos. Students will watch videos, but may be unfamiliar with the
vocabulary. Pre-teach the vocabulary. PRE-SPEECH AUDIENCE
INVOLVEMENT Pre-Teach VocabWatch & Teach Videos
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KEY WORDS Unprepared Speech Delivery Practice Presentation Eye
Contact Dont stare Posture
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Looking at the back wall or floor. Looking only at the teacher.
Looking only at your best friends. Only moving your eyes, but not
moving your head. Look at different people in the audience. Look at
each one for a key point, than different person. Feel free to walk
around, make yourself more comfortable EYE CONTACT Good Eye
ContactBad Eye contact
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HOW TO HAVE GOOD EYE CONTACT
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Random Student will be chosen! Give a Speech: How to use EYE
CONTACT in your speech! Audience: What do you think of the eye
contact? IMPROMPTU EYE CONTACT SPEECH
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Swaying back and forth Head down Slumping Anything that
distract the audience Dont play with buttons Dont play with hair
Dont do anything repetitive that audience pays attention to too
much. AFRAID of the Audience! Straight spinal chord Neck held up
properly Hands comfortably and loosely in the front ENGAGE with the
Audience! POSTURE / BODY LANGUAGE GOOD POSTURE / Good Body
LanguageBAD POSTURE / Good Body Language
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WHAT TO DO WITH YOUR HANDS
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Random Student will be chosen! Tell us how to use HANDS in your
speech! Audience: What do you think of the gestures? IMPROMPTU
HANDS SPEECH
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UHMMHMMSTOPPING VOCAL PAUSES
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Random Student will be chosen! Tell us how to NOT to use Vocal
Pauses in your speech! Audience: How did the speaker do? IMPROMPTU
VOCAL PAUSES SPEECH
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PART III PRE-SPEECH FINE-TUNING SPEECH SKILLS
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Hands clasped Arms folded across Legs crossed Wide-stance Hands
in pockets What do you think about each persons posture? Tell a
partner. 1. TALKING ABOUT POSTURE:
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Walk of the Matador Students prepare proverb, saying, or piece
of advice. With perfect posture, they walk to the front of the
class, deliver it with confidence, bow, and audience cheers! 2.
CONFIDENCE-BUILDING EXERCISE
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Look your partner in the eye Shift focus from right eye, to
left eye, to nose, to lips, repeat. 2-3 minutes any topic. Than
talk about it afterwards. 3. EYE CONTACT EXERCISE #1
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Look your Audience in the eye Students come up, one at a time,
and look at different audience members in the eye. I use 1
Mississippi, 2 Mississippi, etc. 4. EYE CONTACT EXERCISE #2
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1) With a partner, try to mimic faces! 2) Practice off
Vocabulary lists: Squint your eyes Look surprised Look frustrated
Look doubtful Wrinkle your eyebrows Bite your lip Look angry 5.
PRACTICE FACIAL EXPRESSIONS
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Students mimic poses. Vocab. Than students practice BAD body
language! Sway back and forth Twirl hair Play with a button Nod
head excessively Look at your feet Practice good body language! 6.
BEWARE BODY LANGUAGE
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Vocabulary. Practice with a Partner I dont know Wait a minute
Stop! Thats OK Dont do that! Great job! See you later! Im full
Thats enough Youre crazy! Go away! Youre right! 7. NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION Kevin M. Maher University of Macau [email protected]
Presented at KOTESOL, Seoul, October 2014
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Captures attention, gets interest. MUST BE RELATED TO TOPIC!
Examples: Tell a brief story Ask a question, arouse curiosity
Shocking fact or quote 8. CATCHY HOOK INTRODUCTIONS
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Brainstorm for subtopics! Students write down title and
subtopics only. Than they share segments of subtopics with a
partner (without anything written out) 9. MAIN BODY OF SPEECH
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Dont have entire speech written out! OUTLINE ONLY: Main Points
Key words/phrases/quotes Speaker MUST maintain eye contact 10.
EFFECTIVE USE OF NOTES (IF YOU DO ALLOW NOTES)
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Students list practice advice/suggestions. Teacher suggestions,
they discuss Several days beforehand? Full-length mirror?
Tape/video record? Friends/family Listen? Private locations? Timing
practice? With or without notes? 11. PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT
DISCUSSION!
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PART IV AUDIENCE INVOLVEMENT
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Different members observe different functions: Eye contact
Posture Body Language Vocal Pauses Notes Usage Catchy Introduction
Facial Expressions Voice ASSIGN ROLES TO AUDIENCE!
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Select audience members ONLY watch for VOCAL PAUSES How many
times did they uh, err, hmm. Students count them! EXAMPLE ROLE:
UH-OH EXPERTS
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Individual audience members assigned. COUNT each time the
speaker makes eye contact with you personally Note where speakers
do look. EYE CONTACT GURUS
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Record every facial expression you observed. End of speech,
what were the top 3 you noticed most? FACIAL EXPRESSION
OBSERVERS
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Records time. Also gives minute warnings. Holds up sign for
speaker to see. TIMEKEEPER
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Observe THE HANDS. What do they do? How do they emphasize
points? Are they used effectively? HANDY PERSON
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Did the INTRODUCTION effectively attract the audience? Was it
an interesting hook? Did it engage the audience? HOOK JUDGE
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Observe THE STANCE. How do they stand? Do they appear
confidence? STANCE NOTICER
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OVERALL observation. How does the speech giver connect overall
with the audience? Observer takes everything into account voice,
body language, stance, gestures, words, material. CONNECTING WITH
THE AUDIENCE CONNECTOR
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How effective is their VOICE? Is it clear, loud enough and easy
enough language to understand? Do they use a range of pitches to
draw audience? VOICE WIZARD
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How were the words, grammar, etc.? Examine the content of the
speech, the structure, the chosen words, the vocabulary, etc. WORDS
COMMENTER
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CONCLUSION CONCLUDER Observation on HOW THE CONCLUSION ends? Is
it too abrupt? Did the speech give a lasting impression to remember
the speech?
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Uh-Oh Expert Eye Contact Guru Facial Expressions Observer Handy
Person Stance Noticer Voice Wizard Conclusion Concluder Words
Commenter Connecting with the Audience Connector Hook Judge
Timekeeper ALL 11 ROLES
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PART V WRAP-UP
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Assign students to view themselves Possible assignments: Points
to improve upon VIDEO RECORD ALL THE SPEECHES
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Organize speech contest. Put two classrooms together. Other
teacher assesses students with same rubric. TEACHERS COORDINATE
SPEECH CONTEST AMONG CLASSES
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I dont recommend this! But I knew a teacher who made students
go out on campus and gather a crowd to give a speech! THE
OUTRAGEOUS PUBLIC SPEECH
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Every audience member takes notes on every speech. They will
take a quiz based on the content. A second variation of this, is a
quiz based on how students presented. (Much more abstract, and
challenging to create however) EVERYONE TAKES NOTES QUIZ NEXT
CLASS!
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Uh-Oh Expert Eye Contact Guru Facial Expressions Observer Handy
Person Stance Noticer Voice Wizard IN CONCLUSION
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Hope you enjoyed my presentation!!! Kevin M. Maher University
of Macau [email protected] THANK YOU!