National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadena, California

Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSE) in support of GEO-CAPE science and measurement

requirements definition

Kevin W. Bowman1,2,Paul Hamer1, Stanley Sander1,2, Annmarie Eldering1,2,

Reinhard Beer1

1Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of Technology

2Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and EngineeringUniversity of California, Los Angeles

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadena, California

2

The EOS era• The Earth Observing System (EOS) for which the A-train is

the flagship constellation, has provided unprecedented knowledge of atmospheric composition

What’s next?

• The A-train will no longer exist in its present form within 5-10 years.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadena, California

NRC Decadal Survey

National Research Council (NRC) has presented a road map for the next generation of Earth remote sensing instruments for NASA

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadena, California

GEO-CAPEGEO-CAPE is a geostationary sounder over North America. It’s scientific objectives are:1) improving air quality forecasts

through chemical data assimilation;

2) monitoring pollutant emissions and accidental releases, and

3) understanding pollution transport on regional to intercontinental scales.

What kind of instrumentation can build on the A-train experience and satisfy these science requirements?

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadena, California

Panspectral Fourier Transform Spectrometer (PanFTS)

PanFTS

TES GOSAT SCIAMACHY

PanFTS

TES GOSAT SCIAMACHY

PanFTS will combine theFunctionality of severalInstruments e.g. TES,GOSAT, Sciamachy

Wide spectral coverage(0.27 – 15 mm) permitssimultaneous observationsBy reflected sunlight andThermal emission (day/night)

PollutantsO3, CO, NO2, HCHO, NH3

Greenhouse GasesCO2, CH4, N2O, O3, H2O

TracersHDO, N2O, O2, O4

Ocean Color250 m pixel size:visible channel

From NASA IIP Panspectral FTS, Stanley Sander, PI

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadena, California

6

900 km x 900 km ground swath patch

128x128 FPA

Spectra in pixel

PanFTS Observing Scenario

• Geostationary orbit near 80 W longitude• Sequential imaging of 49 patches• 900 km x 900 km IFOV using 128x128 pixel array (7 km resolution)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadena, California

Impact of UV-Vis-IR on assimilated ozone

Ozone pseudo-observations of a virtual GEO-CAPE instrument are assimilated into a model.

The top panel panel uses a virtualinstrument that measures infrared (IR) radiances to infer ozone concentrations.

The bottom panel uses a virtual instrument that measures both infrared along with ultraviolet and visible radiation (UV-Vis-IR).

The UV-Vis-IR changes the ozone prediction by up to a factor of 2 compared to the IR-only case.

A pan-spectral UV-Vis-IR Fourier Transform Spectrometer is currently support for GEO-CAPE by a NASA IIP- Stan Sander PI

Does combining UV-Vis-IR radiance measurements improve air quality predictions over IR-only?

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadena, California

Sensitivity Analysis: August 1st, 2006, sensitivity of NY ozone at 2:30 pm to its precursors

target regionregion of maximum sensitivity of boundary layer ozone in New York to free tropospheric NOx

The sensitivity of ozone in NY to free tropospheric NOx on 7/29/06 over Nebraska roughly half of the sensitivity to local NOx on 08/01/06

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadena, California

How sensitive is ozone to local NOx?

Boundary layer ozone is sensitiveto local NOx up to 3 days before

Strong diurnal variation

Highest sensitivity to morning NOx

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadena, California

The maximum sensitivity of ozone in NY to free troposphericozone is roughly .2 two days before.

Does knowing free tropospheric ozone improve boundary layer ozone prediction?

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadena, California

Does knowing ozone today improveozone predictability for the following day?

The sensitivity of ozone to ozoneon 07/31/08 is about half of ozone on 08/01/08

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadena, California

12

BACKUP

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadena, California

Air quality predictions with satellites in GEO vs LEO

OSSE configuration:

A “nature” model ozone fields are sampledwith both a low-orbit and geo-stationaryorbit virtual platforms to create pseudo-observations.

These pseudo-observations are assimilated into a “standard” model to pull its ozone fields to the nature model.

Surface ozone from assimilation of IR satellite in LEO is shown in top panel

Surface ozone from assimilation of IR satellite in GEO is shown in bottom panel

Air quality predictions with satellites in GEO have clear advantages over satellites in LEO