Key Concept Period 6c. 1900 to Present

Key Concept 6.1Science and Environment

Rapid Advances in Science• New modes of communication and

transportation• New scientific paradigms

o The theory of relativityo Quantum mechanicso The Big Bang theoryo Psychology

• The Green Revolution• Energy technologies raised productivity

Medical Innovations• Increased ability of humans to survive

o The polio vaccineo Antibioticso The artificial heart

• More effective forms of birth control

First Artificial Heart

Changed Relationship with EnvironmentAs the global population expanded...• Humans exploited and competed over the

earth’s finite resources• Global warming was a major consequence• Pollution threatened the world’s supply of

water and clean air.• Deforestation and desertification• Rates of extinction of other species

accelerated sharply.

Diseases Associated with Poverty• Malaria• Tuberculosis• Cholera

Emergent Epidemic Diseases• 1918 influenza pandemic• Ebola• HIV/AIDS

Diseases Associated with Changing Lifestyles• Diabetes• Heart disease• Alzheimer's disease

Improved Military Technology• Tanks• Airplanes• The atomic bomb

New Tactics• Trench warfare• Firebombing

Wartime Casualties• Nanjing• Dresden• Hiroshima

(No pictures on this slide, all you need to know is that these events were awful and many people died gruesome deaths)

Key Concept 6.2Global Conflicts and Their

Consequences

Collapse of EmpiresOttoman, Russian and Qing Empires collapsed

due to internal and external factors:• Economic hardships• Political and social discontent• Technological stagnation• Military defeat

Colonies Negotiate Independence• India from the British Empire• The Gold Coast from the British Empire

Independence Through Armed Struggles• Algeria and Vietnam from French Empire• Angola from the Portugese Empire

Nationalist LeadersChallenged imperial rule in Asia and Africa• Mohandas Gandhi• Ho Chi Minh• Kwame Nkrumah

Regional, Religious, and Ethnic Movements• Challenged colonial movements• Inherited imperial boundaries• Muhammad Ali Jinnah• The Québécois separatist movement• The Biafra secessionist movement

Transnational Movements• Communism• Pan-Arabism• Pan-Africanism

Movements to redistribute land and resources developed in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, sometimes advocating communism and socialism.

Population Resettlements• The India/Pakistan partition• The Zionist Jewish settlement of Palestine• The division of the

Middle East into mandatory states

MigrationsFormer colonial subjects migrated to imperial metropoles; maintained cultural and economic ties between colony and metropole even after the dissolution of empires.• South Asians to Britain• Algerians to France• Filipinos to the United States

Ethnic Violence and DisplacementEthnic Violence:• Armenia • The Holocaust• Cambodia• RwandaDisplacement of people and refugee

populations:• Palestinians• Darfurians

Global Military ConflictsWorld War I and World War II were the first

“total wars.” Governments used ideologies, including fascism, nationalism and communism, to mobilize all of their state’s resources, including peoples, both in the home countries and the colonies or former colonies, for the purpose of waging war. Governments also used a variety of strategies, including political speeches, art, media, and intensified forms of nationalism, to mobilize these populations.

Mobilization of State's Resources• The Gurkha soldiers in India• The ANZAC troops in Australia• Military conscription

Sources of Global Conflict• Imperialist expansion by European powers

and Japan• Competition for resources• Ethnic conflict• Great power rivalries between Great Britain

and Germany• Nationalist ideologies• The economic crisis engendered by the

Great Depression

Cold War• Global balance of economic and political

power shifted; US and Soviet Union• Capitalism vs Communism• NATO and Warsaw Pact• Dissolution of Soviet Union ended Cold War

Capitalism vs Communism Quotes Slideshow

Opposition of War• Picasso in his Guernica• The anti nuclear movement during the Cold

War• Thich Quang Duc by self-immolation• Gandhi• Martin Luther King

Groups That Promoted Alternatives• Communist leaders such as Vladimir Lenin

and Mao Zedong• The Non-Aligned Movement, which

presented an alternative political bloc to the Cold War

• The Anti-Apartheid Movement in South Africa

• Participants in the global uprisings of 1968 (Podcast at top of site)

• The Tiananmen Square protestors that promoted Democracy in China

Responses that Intensified Conflict• The promotion of military dictatorship in

Chile, Spain, and Uganda• The United States’ promotion of a New

World Order after the Cold War• The buildup of the “military-industrial

complex” and arms trading

Violence Against Civilians• IRA• ETA• Al-Qaeda

Influence on Popular Culture• Dada• James Bond• Socialist Realism• Video games

Key Concept 6.3New Conceptualizations of GlobalEconomy, Society, and Culture

Communist Governments Controlled National Economies

• The Five-Year Plans• The Great Leap Forward

Government Intervention in the Economy

• The New Deal• The Fascist corporatist economy

Governments Guiding Economic Life• Nasser’s promotion of economic

development in Egypt• The encouragement of export-oriented

economies in East Asia

Governments Encouraging Free Market Policies• The United States starting with Ronald

Reagan• Britain under Margaret Thatcher• China under Deng Xiaoping• Chile under Pinochet

New International Organizations• The League of Nations• The United Nations• The International Criminal Court

New Economic InstitutionsSought to spread the principles and practices associated with free market economics throughout the world• The International Monetary Fund (IMF)• World Bank• World Trade Organization (WTO)

Humanitarian Organizations• UNICEF• The Red Cross• Amnesty International• Doctors Without Borders• World Health Organization (WHO)

Regional Trade AgreementsRegional trading blocs designed to promote the movement of capital and goods across national borders• The European Union• NAFTA• ASEAN• Mercosur

Multinational Corporations• Royal Dutch Shell• Coca-Cola• Sony

Protest MovementsProtested the inequality of environmental and economic consequences of global integration• Greenpeace• Green Belt in Kenya• Earth Day

Human Rights• The U.N.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights• Women's rights• The end of the White Australia Policy

New Cultural Identities/Exclusionary Reactions

• Negritude• Xenophobia• Race riots • Citizenship restrictions

Spirituality• New forms of spirituality

o New Age Religionso Hare Krishnao Falun Gong

• Application of religion to political issueso Fundamentalist movementso Liberation Theology

Global CultureSports

• World Cup Soccer• The Olympics• Cricket

Diffusion of music and film• Reggae• Bollywood

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