United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia
AYMAN EL-SHERBINY
CHIEF OF ICT POLICIES, UN-ESCWA
KEY ISSUES ON INFORMATION SOCIETY, DIGITAL ECONOMY AND SMART DEVELOPMENT
SHAPEING THE DIGITAL FUTURE OF THE
ARAB WORLD
ISDEHAR Programme
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Global Perspective: The Inception and Evolution of the WSIS Process
The information society is a society that processes
information efficiently and gears it towards socio-economic
development. The process includes the production, exchange,
adaptation and use of information for the purposes of
development, the enhancement of the quality of life and the
improvement of the working environment for all citizens. The
information society relies chiefly, but not solely, on the use of
smart technologies to bring these enhancements and
improvements to its citizens.
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Global Perspective: The Inception and Evolution of the WSIS Process
Significant differences exist in the capacity of countries to adapt to
the rapid changes in technology and knowledge. The move towards the
information society constitutes a real challenge to developing countries.
In this context, the General Assembly adopted resolution 56/183 in
December 2001 to endorse a proposal presented by the International
Telecommunication Union (ITU), which aimed at convening the World
Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) under the patronage of the
Secretary-General of the United Nations. The Summit aimed at
reducing the digital divide between developed and developing
countries by increasing awareness of the benefits of the information
society, and by presenting mechanisms to help developing countries
advance towards such a society.
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Global Perspective: The Inception and Evolution of the WSIS Process
The World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) was held in
two phases. The first phase took place in Geneva during 2003 and the
second in Tunis during 2005. The main objective of WSIS was to bridge
the digital divide between developing and developed countries and
promote the creation of an equitable and all-inclusive Information
Society.
WSIS Action Lines
WSIS 11 Action Lines
WSIS Action Lines
WSIS 11 Action Lines
20302000
MDGs Process
8 Goals
17 Goals SDGs
Post -2015 Development Agenda
2015201420132012
Rio+20
1. Declaration2. Sustainable
Development Goals and Targets
3. Building Partnerships for SD
4. Monitoring and Accountability
UN – Led
Member Countries – Led
Post-2015 Development agenda, MDGs to SDGs
20302000
MDGs Process
Post -2015 Development Agenda
2015201420132012
Rio+20
WSIS +10 2016-2025
UN – Led
Member Countries – LedFrom MDGs to SDGs
WSIS Process 2003-2015
STI Processes STI Processes
WSIS from the MDGs to SDGs
WSIS Action Lines
WSIS 11 Action Lines
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Role of ICT in Sustainable Development
20302000
MDGs Process
Post -2015 Development Agenda
2015201420132012
Rio+20
WSIS +10 2016-2025
UN – Led
Member Countries – LedFrom MDGs to SDGs
WSIS Process 2003-2015
STI Processes STI Processes
WSIS from the MDGs to SDGs
The Matrix
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Challenges of the Region
ESCWA identifies areas of the information society that are
still facing challenges in the Arab region such as security and
trust in cyber space, as well as the limited development and use
of e-services including e-government, human capital, and the ICT
sector. It highlights the priorities of the region beyond 2015, and
maps the aspirations of for the use of technology and ICT to
achieve WSIS+10 and SDG priorities.
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Renewal of the Mandates of both the WSISand the IGF - 2015
In 2015, the WSIS mandate was renewed for 10 years spanning from 2015 to 2025. The
Outcome Document of the WSIS+10 Overall Review, adopted by the UNGA, extends the mandate of
the WSIS process to 2025 in such a way as to timely feed into the overall review of the 2030 Agenda
for Sustainable Development. The overarching message of WSIS+10 is that development is
increasingly digitally-based. The resolution that came out as a result of the WSIS+10 meetings is
dominated by ideas that are related to digital development. It also has strong links with the 2030
Agenda for Sustainable Development. The mandate of Regional Commissions, which had been
stipulated in the initial Tunis Agenda of 2005, received a similar extension. In addition to the original
11 WSIS Action Lines, new topics have been emphasized. They include human rights, trust, security
and Internet Governance. From a substantive point of view, human rights, trust, and security are even
Internet Governance core issues and topics among others. As such, more than three quarters of the
next decade of the WSIS process is focusing whether directly or indirectly on Internet
Governance related issues. The mandate of the global IGF itself was also renewed till 2025.
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Strategic Perspective
2030
Post -2015 Development Agenda
An Economy producing ICT based
services
A Society harnessing ICT based
Services
Big Picture
The Matrix
WSIS Process
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Strategic Perspective
2030
Post -2015 Development Agenda
Digital Economy Smart Societies
Big Picture
The Matrix
WSIS Process
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Big Picture => ISDEHAR
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ESCWA Programme on ISDEHAR
Purpose
ISDEHAR is part of the efforts of ESCWA
Technology for Development Division (TDD) to
increase readiness of the Arab region by 2020 to
achieve the Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs) defined in the Horizon of 2030.
The Information and Communications Technology
(ICT) Policies Section is leading the thematic
process of promoting the Digital Economy and Smart
Societies to harness ICTs for the implementation of
2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
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Activities and outputs
More than 35 activities including flagship publication
entitled ICT Horizon 2030, the Arab Digital Economy and
Smart Societies Report (a biennial series starting 2017
and 2019), in addition to the Arab Internet Governance
Forum (Arab IGF), and the Arab ICT Academy (AIGLE);
Arab WSIS Conference, Arab Digital Agenda 2030, an
updated Arab Roadmap on Internet Governance plus a
variety of Technical Materials, Expert Meetings, and
Workshops
ESCWA Programme on ISDEHAR
Project duration:
Three (3) years, from Start of 2017 to End of 2019, as a pilot period
followed by an assessment
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ISDEHAR
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ESCWA Programme on ISDEHAR
Pillar 1
WORLD SUMMIT ON THE INFORMATION SOCIETY,
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS, AND CAPACITY
BUILDING
o 2005 Regional Plan of Action for the WSIS
o 2009 Regional conference on WSIS+4
o 20013-2016 Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders
o 2017, Study: Information Society and Digital Economy: Strategic
Perspectives and Selected Priority Issues for the Arab Region
o 2017 EGM on WSIS Beyond 2015: Strategic Perspectives, Selected
Priority Issues and Action Plans for the Arab Region
Expected Accomplishment: To strengthen the regional Strategic Frameworks
for the information society and digital economy for SDGs in the Arab region
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ISDEHAR
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Public Policy Issues that are relevant to Internet governance
The WGIG devoted much of its attention to the identification of public policy issues that are potentially relevant to Internet governance, as called for in paragraph 13 (b) of the Plan of Action. It agreed to take a broad approach and not exclude any potentially relevant issue. Based on this fact-finding work, the WGIG established four key public policy areas:
(a) Issues relating to infrastructure and the management of critical Internet resources, including administration of the domain name system and Internet protocol addresses (IP addresses), administration of the root server system, technical standards, peering and interconnection, telecommunications infrastructure, including innovative and convergent technologies, as well as multilingualization. These issues are matters of direct relevance to Internet governance and fall within the ambit of existing organizations with responsibility for these matters;
(b) Issues relating to the use of the Internet, including spam, network security and cybercrime. While these issues are directly related to Internet governance, the nature of global cooperation required is not well defined;
(c) Issues that are relevant to the Internet but have an impact much wider than the Internet and for which existing organizations are responsible, such as intellectual property rights (IPRs) or international trade. The WGIG started examining the extent to which these matters are being handled consistent with the Declaration of Principles;
(d) Issues relating to the developmental aspects of Internet governance, in particular capacity-building in developing countries.
Source: http://www.wgig.org/docs/WGIGREPORT.pdf
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(Contd.)
After examining in depth the issues pertaining to these four clusters, the WGIG identified and included in the Background Report the public policy issues that are relevant to Internet governance. The issues of highest priority, including related issues and problems, are set out below for the attention of the WSIS. Administration of the root zone files and system Interconnection costs Internet stability, security and cybercrime Spam Meaningful participation in global policy development Capacity-building Allocation of domain names IP addressing Intellectual property rights (IPR) Freedom of expression Data protection and privacy rights Consumer rights Multilingualism
Source: http://www.wgig.org/docs/WGIGREPORT.pdf
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Simple Classes of IG Issues
• Critical Internet Resources (Arab Domain Names)
• Infrastructure (Regional IXPs)
• Access and Content
• Openness, Security and Privacy
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Internet Governance Regionally: The
Roadmap and the Forum
Recognizing the importance of the aforementioned global IGF process,
ESCWA created, in partnership with the League of Arab States (LAS), an
initiative named Arab Dialogue on Internet Governance (ArabDIG).
Within the ESCWA-LAS partnership, a study was produced in 2009 on
"Internet Governance: Challenges and Opportunities for the ESCWA
Member Countries," and the ArabDIG initiative resulted in 2010 with the
publication "Arab Regional Roadmap for Internet Governance:
Framework, Principles and Objectives".
This Roadmap was adopted by key stakeholders in October 2010 who
also confirmed the need for the creation of an Arab IGF through a Call of
Arab Stakeholders: Towards Activating Comprehensive Arab
Cooperation for Internet Governance, Regionally and
Internationally.
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Activities of the Arab Internet Governance
Forum
Since its inception in 2012, the Arab IGF has held four annual meetings:
• The First Annual Arab IGF meeting, attended by over 300 participants,
was held in Kuwait and hosted by the Kuwait Information Technology
Society, on the theme “A better Internet for a better Arab world” (9-11
October 2012);
• The Second Annual Arab IGF meeting, attended by some 800
participants, was held in Algiers and hosted by the Ministry of Post,
Information and Telecommunications Technologies, on the theme “Partners
for development” (1-3 October 2013);
• The Third Annual Arab IGF meeting (AIGF-III), attended by some 500
participants, was held in Beirut and hosted by ESCWA, on the theme “Arab
perspective for shaping the future of the Internet.
• The Fourth Annual Arab IGF meeting (AIGF-IV), hosted by the
Lebanese OGERO Telecom in Beirut, on the theme "Internet Economy for
Sustainable Development" attended by 650 participants.
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Outcome of the Arab Internet Governance
Forum
The main outputs of the Arab IGF annual meetings are the key
messages that include strategic recommendations helping
policymakers in the Arab region taking adequate decisions in the field
of Internet Governance.
Although it is difficult to measure impact of the forum, there is no
doubt by all stakeholders that there is a need for policy dialogue in
the region on Internet governance, and that it had a positive impact
from a policy advocacy perspective.
In this context, ESCWA and LAS has launched in December 2015, at
the conclusion of AIGF-IV, the AIGF2020 initiative, a pan-Arab
community-wide initiative to review the elapsing phase of the Forum
and to further develop it in the next phase aiming at better Internet
governance in the Arab region.
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Objectives of the AIGF2020 Initiaitve
The main objectives of the AIGF2020 initiative can be summarized by the
following:
• Analyse the achievements of the first mandate of the Arab IGF process
(2012-2015) with regard to the targets of the ESCWA Roadmap on Internet
Governance (2010);
• Assess the impact of the Arab IGF on Internet governance policies in
the Arab region;
• Discuss challenges that faced the first mandate; and
• Propose enhancements for developing the second issue of the Arab IG
roadmap as well as the second mandate of the Arab IGF, to be geared
towards implementation of SDGs.
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ESCWA Programme on ISDEHAR
GOVERNANCE, POLICY AND LEGAL ENVIRONMENT
o 2009 Study: Internet Governance: Challenges and Opportunities for ESCWA Member
Countries
o 2010 Initiative: Launch of the Arab Dialogue on Internet Governance
(ArabDIG) initiative
o 2010 Study: Arab Regional Roadmap for Internet Governance:
o 2012, Forum: Establishment of the Arab Internet Governance Forum (Arab IGF) and
convening of Four Annual Arab IGF Meetings.
o 2015, Initiative: Launch of the AIGF2020 initiative that aims to analyze and develop the
Arab IGF process in its second mandate 2016-2020.
o 2016 and 2017 Study and 2 Meetings: Internet Governance Beyond 2015
Pillar 2
Expected Accomplishment: Enhance knowledge, harmonized positions and
policy dialogue on Internet Governance environment in the Arab region
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ISDEHAR
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According to the World Economic Forum, is currently experiencing a
technological revolution the world has never seen before. A revolution that will
radically alter the lives of human beings: how to live, work and relate to each
other. It will be shifts resulting from those changes enormous in terms of size,
scope and level of complexity.
In the first Industrial Revolution, water power and steam used for the automation of
production.
In the second revolution, the electrical energy used to create mass production.
In the third revolution it used the electronics and information technology to automate
production.
Now the Industrial Revolution, the fourth is the digital revolution which is characterized
by a combination of digital technologies that blurred the lines between the physical
worlds, digital, biological, and related to this revolution with new concepts such as the
concept of the information society, knowledge-based economy, the digital economy,
smart communities, and other modern concepts.
Digital Economy
Strategic Perspective
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Transform social interactions & relations, communication and broadcast
networks, growing fast and driving economic growth
Examining the ICT sector, telecom markets, and broadband infrastructure
and services and related indicators would highlight the region's capacity and
role of its ICTs industries in economic growth and wealth creation in the digital
economy paradigm.
In 2016, the magnitude of the Internet economy in the G-20 countries is
expected to expand to 4.2 trillion USD (Boston Consulting Group, 2014), and it
is crucial for the Arab region to be benefit from the opportunities offered
from the growing digital and Internet economy at both the regional and
global levels.
It is essential for the Arab countries to develop their national digital
agendas for boosting economic growth, and to aspire to develop their
digital economies in a manner that promotes ICT venture capital investments,
increases employment and contributes to alleviation of poverty and inequality
Digital Economy
Strategic Perspective
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ESCWA Programme on ISDEHAR
Pillar 3
PRODUCTION, COMPETITIVENESS OF THE ICT SECTOR AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
o 2007 Study: Information and Communication Technology Financing, Venture Capital and
Entrepreneurship in the Region
o 2011 Study: Promoting the ICT Sector to Meet the Challenges of the Knowledge Economy (Ar)
o 2013 Study: Regional Competitiveness of the ICT Sector in the Arab
Region – Innovation and Investment Imperatives
o 2013, Forum: Arab Forum on the ICT Sector (Tunis, 7-10 May 2013)- Meeting on Investment, Research, Development and Innovation in the ICT Sector
- Conference on Investment and Finance of the ICT Sector in the Arab Region
o 2015, Study: Transition to Knowledge-Based Economies in the Arab Region: Space and Satellite
Technologies for Development
o 2017, Study: Selected Priority Areas to promoted the Digital Economy in the Arab Region
Expected Accomplishment: To encourage the boosting of Production and
Competitiveness of the ICT industries and sector for Economic Growth in the
Arab region by enhancing knowledge and capacities
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ISDEHAR
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Smart Societies
Strategic Perspective
Smart societies use smart methods in their development, and have the
knowledge and skills that enable them to be competitive in a global and developing
world.
Enhanced government-citizen relationship
More effective and efficient procedures and smart e-government services/tools,
Cooperation among the various sectors of the economy.
ICT sector contributes to the transformation to smart societies, and innovative
solutions can support better life and work conditions of all citizens and
Make living ecosystems more inclusive, greener and sustainable. Other sectors,
such as education and health, transport and real estate, and social development
sectors are also main pillars in a smart society.
According to the ITU Focus Group on Smart Sustainable Cities (2014),
“A smart sustainable city uses ICTs to provide enhanced quality of life to its citizens, improved efficiency of services and
sustainable development. Such a city meets the needs of today without sacrificing the needs of future generations with
respect to economic, social and environmental aspects”.
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ESCWA Programme on ISDEHAR
TRANSFORMATION OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SOCIAL INCLUSION
2013, Study: E-Government Strategies in Arab Countries: Current
Status and Development Prospects (Ar)
2014, Study: Smart Cities: Regional Perspectives
2014, Study: Mobile Government Applications In the Arab Region: Opportunities
and Prospects
2017, Study: Smart Governments and Smart Sectors for Smart Societies in the
Arab Region
Pillar 4
Expected Accomplishment: To promote Institutional Development, Smart
Sectors Transformation, smart societies and Social Inclusion in the Arab region
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Project: ESCWA ICT4D Academy
The project entitled Academy of ICT Essentials for Government
Leaders (AIGLE) in the ESCWA Region builds upon lessons learned
and the achievements of a similar academy that was launched in
2008 by the Asian and Pacific Training Centre for Information and
Communication Technology for Development (APCICT). Launched
early 2013, the goal of AIGLE is to help ESCWA member
governments build enhanced capacities among policymakers to
narrow ICT human resources gaps, reduce barriers to ICT adoption
and promote the application of ICT in accelerating socio-economic
development and achieving development goals.
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Project: ESCWA ICT4D Academy
In 2015, AIGLE produced the following four core training modules, in
Arabic, with an associated English-Arabic glossary of terms and
adapted case studies for the Arab region:
Linkage between ICT and Development: This module invites readers
to explore linkages between ICT and development by presenting case
studies of ICT applications in key sectors of development in Arab
countries. The module highlights key issues and decision-making
points related to the use of ICT to meet development needs, from
policy formulation to implementation;
ICT for Development Policies: Main Elements and Tools for
Management: This module discusses issues related to the
development of ICT for development policies, the obstacles that might
face countries during their implementation as well as the practical
methods to address them;
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Project: ESCWA ICT4D Academy
E-government: Policies, Strategies and Applications: This module
provides an overview of e-government, including key concepts and
theoretical aspects of e-government and e-governance and the means for
building related strategies. It also shows how to link theory and practice
with a number of case studies that cover a wide range of experiences;
Internet Governance: This module provides readers with the main
features of Internet governance and the history of the Internet and its
technical development. It discusses various issues related to Internet
governance and its challenges. It also describes the regional efforts in this
context, and the activities of the League of Arab States (LAS) and the Arab
Working Group on Domain Names and Internet Issues. It further provides
overviews on the Arab Regional Roadmap for Internet Governance, which
was launched by ESCWA in partnership with LAS, and which was followed
by the launch of the Arab Internet Governance Forum (Arab IGF)
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ESCWA Engagements Related to PUOS
UN GA Resolution 68/75 has emphasized that regional and interregional
cooperation in the field of space activities is essential in strengthening the
peaceful uses of outer space, assisting states in the development of their
space capabilities and contributing to the achievement of the goals of the
United Nations Millennium Declaration and those of the 2030 development
agenda. It also requested relevant regional organizations to offer
assistance to member states to carry out related recommendations.
ESCWA recognizes the strong connection between space technology
and the modern infrastructure that underpins the knowledge economy and
contributes to economic, social and environmental development. ESCWA
acknowledges that a long-term vision and a clear strategy are necessary to
help the Arab region in benefiting from space technology and its
applications.
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ESCWA Engagements Related to PUOS
ESCWA is following up on the deliberations of the Committee on the
Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, particularly on the themes of space and
sustainable development and the use of space within the UN system. The
organization recognizes the roles of states, intergovernmental
organizations, non-governmental organizations and the private sector in the
promotion of safety and long-term sustainability of outer space activities.
The assessment of regional needs indicates a need for a policy
coordination role to be played by ESCWA in the field of space and satellite
technologies. ESCWA could also act as a strategic liaison between UN-
COPUOS and regional stakeholders. Given the fact that the space
technology field is underdeveloped in most countries of the region, regional
cooperation is essential.
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ESCWA Engagements Related to PUOS
ESCWA has also contributed to the Report of the Secretary-General
on Coordination of space-related activities within the United Nations system
which highlights the directions and anticipated results for 2014 and 2015 as
well as the use of space-derived geospatial data in addressing the post-
2015 development agenda. To build regional capacity in the Arab region,
ESCWA will work to set up a network of universities and other academic
institutions involved in space and satellite technologies.
In seeking to determine the needs, opportunities and priorities of the
Arab region with regard to the various applications of the peaceful uses of
outer space (PUOS), the Technology for Development Division (TDD) at
ESCWA produced, during the last biennium, two studies that were planned
to be followed by an EGM during this biennium to be financed from extra
budgetary resources, if made available .
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ESCWA Engagements Related to PUOS
In the geospatial data/information field, ESCWA Statistical Division (SD)
cooperated in bringing the Global Geospatial Information Management
(GGIM) initiative to the Arab region. Working in coordination with the
Department for Economic and Social Affairs (UN-DESA), ESCWA lobbied
member countries to agree to set a regional governance structure for the
GGIM, and to establish its foundations in the form of a Regional Committee
for GGIM. In the future, ESCWA will be working to prioritize the work on
methodological issues related to the collection of information that is geo-
referenced, be it statistics, road safety, environment, business activity,
housing, environment, or others. In the climate change field, ESCWA
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ESCWA Engagements Related to PUOS
Sustainable Development Policies Division (SDPD) is coordinating the
implementation of the Regional Initiative for the Assessment of the Impact
of Climate Change on Water Resources and Socio-Economic Vulnerability
in the Arab Region (RICCAR). RICCAR generates geospatial information
and analysis for the Arab region based on regional climate downscaling,
hydrological modeling and an integrated vulnerability assessment that draw
upon geospatial databases, satellite images, remote sensing and local
observations.
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The Smart Paradigm
Smart Governments
Smart Sectors
Smart cities
Smart citizens
Smart societies
Focus on smart learning
(ESCWA presentation today on CC)
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ISDEHAR
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Governance, Rights, Peace and Justice
Competitiveness, Production, Trade and Job Creation
Transformation, Social Inclusion and Institutional Development
P411Information Society and Digital
Economy Report(2017)
P417Smart
Governments & Smart Sectors for Smart Societies
P420Digital
Opportunities for the Arab Region
(DOAR)
P415Arab IGF
2020Updated Roadmap
XB
AIGLE: Module 5 on DEAIGLE: Module 4 on Internet
GovernanceAIGLE: Module 3 on Electronic
Government
XBDE
Conference
WS on
DE/ATLDs Industry
RPTC
XBTCWG
RPTCTCWGRPTC
XB P406EGM
AIGF-V
P406EGM
AIGF-V
XB
P405 EGM on WSIS
Arab Digital ActionAgenda
2030
AIGLE: Module 1”
on ICT4SDGs
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Multistakeholder Partnerships
UN's belief in the Role of academia, business sector and civil
society
ESCWA is working with Academia from different angles:
• STI Ecosystems, particularly Technology Transfer and TTOs
• Engagement in the Arab IGF Process
• Engagement in the AIGLE Process
• Infrastrucure: ASREN
• Smart Learning Applications
Thank you, Thanks to AUB, ASREN, TAGI & Yousef Torman, and his
colleagues
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Research Areas
ISSUES that are suggested for further research
between ESCWA, ASRENs NREN community, and AUB within
ISDEHAR Framework
Infrastructure is still a priority
Privacy and Openness versus security.
Net Neutrality, Cloud computing, Big Data and IoTs are feeling
theses issues
Peaceful Use of Outer Space
United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia
THANK YOU