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Materialism
• A doctrine which holds that the only thing that can truly be said to exist is matter; that fundamentally, all things are composed of material and all phenomena are the result of material interactions.
Idealism
• The theory that all reality is mental (spiritual, psychological. Matter, the physical, does not exist.
Rationalism
• The philosophic approach that emphasizes reason as the primary source of knowledge and of spiritual truth.
Empiricism
• The view that experience, through the senses, is the only source of knowledge. The scientific method is based on this view.
Fatalism
• The belief that a person cannot in any way direct his or her behavior or destiny, or that of history. “What will be will be.”