KEY STAGE 3 National Curriculum History BRITAIN 1750-1900 INTERACTIVE How and why did Britain change between 1750 and 1900?
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KEY STAGE 3 National Curriculum History BRITAIN 1750-1900
INTERACTIVE BRITAIN 1750-1900 INTERACTIVE How and why did Britain
change between 1750 and 1900?
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7 7 Wool was sheared from sheep, washed and clean. Men would
weave the yarn into cloth using a hand loom. The West Riding of
Yorkshire The South West East Anglia The Domestic System The Three
Main Woollen Areas Leeds Norwich Taunton Key Stage 3 History
Britain 1750-1900 Interactive Britains main industry was sheep
farming. A clothier [wool tradesman] buys the wool. The wool was
taken to the homes of local villagers. Children carded the wool and
women would then spin it into a yarn.yarn The cloth would be
bleached in sour milk. This was called fulling. After the cloth was
dried, it was dyed in different colours. THE DOMESTIC SYSTEM
Everyone had to wear clothes so plenty of cloth was needed. The
Domestic System had operated for hundreds of years using small,
hand operated machines. However, the amount of cloth produced in
the Domestic System was limited. By 1700, there were some
challenges to the woollen industry as more cotton fibres arrived
from America and the Far East.
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13 Machinery was not always fenced off and workers would be
exposed to the moving parts while they worked. Windows were small
so there was little ventilation. Factories were very hot in the
Summer. Scavengers had to pick up the loose cotton from under the
machinery. This was extremely dangerous as the children were
expected to carry out the task while the machine was still working.
Children were sometimes hit with a strap to make them work faster.
Two tired children. They worked very long hours. The overseers job
was to make sure workers worked at full pace all the time. The
constant noise from the machines damaged hearing. Factory
Conditions Many of the early textile factories employed large
numbers of children. This was not surprising as children had always
worked in the Domestic System. Some of the factory children were
apprentices. These children were often orphans, who were sent to
the factories from the large towns. Factory owners built houses for
them near the factory. Other children came form the local
area.textileapprentices Key Stage 3 History Britain 1750-1900
Interactive
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A Bell Pit Mine An Adit Mine Coal seam PackhorsesPackhorses to
carry coal away PackhorsesPackhorses to carry coal away The Adit
Mine was used where the coal seam was near the surface of the
ground. A Bell Pit was where a shallow shaft was sunk and then dug
around until it resembled a bell in shape. Coal Mining There had
been coalmines in Britain since Roman times but production was
small and mainly for domestic use. Miners used two main methods of
mining the coal: Bell Pits and Adit Mines. By 1800, the demand for
coal increased. Mine owners had to find better ways of extracting
more coal. Coal Mining There had been coalmines in Britain since
Roman times but production was small and mainly for domestic use.
Miners used two main methods of mining the coal: Bell Pits and Adit
Mines. By 1800, the demand for coal increased. Mine owners had to
find better ways of extracting more coal. Key Stage 3 History
Britain 1750-1900 Interactive 26
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Parallel drainage ditches. Surface camber allowed water to
drain off. Layer of gravel. Broken stones, 8 inch layer. Centreline
John Macadam introduced a cambered watertight surface of broken
small stones or gravel rammed hard to prevent disintegration by
frost. Macadams roads needed less foundation than Telfords roads
and therefore were widely used by Turnpike Trusts. cambered John
Macadam was born in Scotland and is probably the best known of the
all the road engineers. His roads made quicker and more comfortable
stage-coach journeys possible. stage-coach John Macadam was born in
Scotland and is probably the best known of the all the road
engineers. His roads made quicker and more comfortable stage-coach
journeys possible. stage-coach Road Building John Macadam Road
Building John Macadam Cross-section of a John Macadam road Key
Stage 3 History Britain 1750-1900 Interactive 42