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Key termsSocii ala sociorum praefecti sociorumSocial War/War between the Allies (91-87 BCE)
Gaius Marius capite censi
Standard(s)/signum/signa vexillum/vexilla signifer aquilifer
Cohors/cohort = 4 maniples = 420 men/later 480)
Legion = 10 cohorts
Virtus disciplina
Aciessimplex aciesduplex aciestriplex acies
Elimination of the velites (light-armed)
front
Legionary standards and vexilla
Coin of Mark Antony showing legionary eagle between 2 standards (31 BCE)
Statue of Augustus Prima Porta showing the return of the standards captured in Parthia
Augustan denarius; kneeling Parthian returns a standard (20/19 BCE)
Military parade from Trajan’s column showing standard bearers (c. 108-113 CE)