Date post: | 10-Aug-2015 |
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Advanced Control Architectures of DC Microgrids
Josep M. Guerrero, Prof. in microgrid, IEEE Fellow
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MicroGrid Research Programme Areas
AC MicroGrids
DC MicroGrids
Modeling
Control & Operation
Energy Storage
Protection
Power Quality
Standard-based ICT
Networked Control
EMS & Optimization
Multi-Agents
MICROGRID RESEARCH PROGRAMME
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Every setup is able to emulate a multi-converter low-voltage Microgrid, local and energy management control programmed in dSPACE real-time control platforms.
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5555
5
6 6
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8888
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Kamstrup Omnia scheme in iMGlab
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Load
MainGrid
PV
. . . to Workstation
3-6
Power flow
Load
MainGrid
PV WT
Local distribution network
L
11 11
Main
Utility Grid
PCC
Household appliances and electronics
The concept of Microgrids
Grid connectedmode
Islandedmode
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Setup 1Setup 2Setup 3
Setup 5
Setup 6Setup 7EMS/MGCC
• Remote telecom applications• Coupled renewable systems• DC powered homes• Fast HEV charging stations
Basic controlBasic control
Configuration
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AC Low voltage MicroGridcoordinated control:
AC Microgrids:
Bus frequency signaling
DC Microgrids:
Bus voltage signaling
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16 16
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Inner loop:
ESS:Voltage Controlled Mode
RES:Current Controlled Mode
Primary loop:
ESS:Bus signaling control
RES:Virtual inertia control
PWMPIPI
Vref
Vdc
VdcIref
VinL
C
PWMPI
Vdc
VdcIref
Vin L
C
PRES
PMPP
Vdc
V*dc Vmeas
DC Bus
ESS Unit
RES Unit
LPFPI
Vsec*
Secondary Coordinated Control
Virtual Inertia Control
d
d
iL
iL
2measV
Vdc
SoC
1SoCdV
Table I.
V*dc
dV
Innerloop control
DVL
Innerloop control
dV
dV
LOA
D1
Relay
Demand Side Control
Table II.
LOA
D3
Relay
ON/OFF
LOA
D2
RelayON/OFF
DVH
LPF
m
n
Co
mm
un
ica
tio
n L
ink
Low SoC Control
Bus-signaling Control
High SoC Control
Demand Side Control
Table II.
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Coordinated control when high
SoC
07-07-2015
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07-07-2015
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Voltage regulator
- Centralized for each dc MG
- Distributed over the MG cluster
- Regulates the voltage inside each MG to the
nominal value when they are not connected.
- Maintains the bus voltages within an
acceptable range when they are connected.
1d iv
LBC
MG
-i b
us
ji
DC source m
+
DC-DC
Primary control j
. . .
. . .iv
miiv
DC source j
+
DC-DC
Power flow controller (DPFC)
MGv
jm
j j
PI controller
iSOC
2d iv
( )iG s
avg
iv
Voltage controller (DVSC)
Proposed distributed control
avg
jv
jSOC
Fro
m n
eig
hb
or
MG
sT
o n
eig
hb
or
MG
s
avg
iv,
iSO
C
ijb
ija
Primary control m
iv
( )iF s
Dynamic consensus protocol
PI controller
SOC estimator
diSOC
Cy
be
r n
etw
ork
Power flow regulator
- Using the distributed voltage regulator
power flow control is achieved.
- Regulates the power flow between dc
MGs when they are connected.
- Power flow is regulated according to
SOC of batteries inside the MGs.
Power flow regulator
- Using the distributed voltage regulator
power flow control is achieved.
- Regulates the power flow between dc
MGs when they are connected.
- Power flow is regulated according to
SOC of batteries inside the MGs.
Distributed Hierarchical Control
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Distributed Hierarchical Control
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DCA based distributed optimization for paralleled DC-DC
Converters
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DCA based distributed optimization for paralleled DC-DC
Converters
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DCA based distributed optimization for paralleled DC-DC
Converters
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DCA based DC MG Modeling
40 1 2 3 5 6 8
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Time (s)
Converter 1~6 Inductor Current
PCC Voltage
Comm Topology 100 ;
0.3;
caT ms
(a) System dynamic under LINE shaped network
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0.08
40 1 2 3 5 6 87
4
51 3
62
2
36
5 4
1 2
36
5 4
1LINERING CROSS FULL
40 1 2 3 5 6
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Time (s)
Comm Topology
(b) System dynamic under RING shaped network
40 1 2 3 5 6
40 1 2 3 5 6
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Time (s)
Comm Topology
(c) System dynamic under CROSS shaped network
40 1 2 3 5 6
40 1 2 3 5 6
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Time (s)
Comm Topology
(d) System dynamic under FULL shaped network
40 1 2 3 5 6
2
36
5 4
1
Converter 1~6 Inductor Current
PCC Voltage
Converter 1~6 Inductor Current
PCC Voltage
Converter 1~6 Inductor Current
PCC Voltage
100 ;
0.29;
caT ms
100 ;
0.22;
caT ms
100 ;
0.17;
caT ms
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Hierarchical Control of DC Microgrids
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Danish
30http://www.residentialvdc.et.aau.dk
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REbus™ is an open standard for DC electricity distribution.
REbus™ microgrid is a flexible energy network that lets you make and use clean renewable energy for home, business, school, or neighbourhood. (400V)
Comercial DC Microgrid
31 31http://www.residentialvdc.et.aau.dk
07.07.2015Industrial/PhD Microgrids Course, Aalborg
University32
Primary Source Units (PSU)
Load Units (LU) Powerline Communication
• Robust narrowband FSK modulation• Programmable transmission data rate up to 30kbps• Programmable communication frequency from50kHz to 500kHz• Complete Media Access Control (MAC) logic• CSMA/CD type collision detection and resolution• Programmable automatic preamble generation• Programmable automatic packet-prioritymanagement with four levels• Error detection (CRC 16)
REbus™
Comercial DC microgrid
32 32http://www.residentialvdc.et.aau.dk
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Phase I: Design, modelling and control. Phase II: Coordination control schemes between microgrid elements, including
communication systems and energy management systems for DC microgrids. Phase III: Creation of two Living Labs as a user-centred research concept, to test
innovation systems and elements that can conform a DC microgrid for differentapplications.
• Home DC Microgrid Living Lab, at AAUto research and test DC distribution for1-2 family houses
• 工业微网设计 Industrial DC Microgrid LivingLab,
At North China Electrical Power University (China),for research, demo and test of energy solutionsfor commercial buildings.
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Industrial DC Microgrid LivingLaboratory, (NCEPU)
Phase I: DC MG Topology Design,
Control, Simulation
Phase II:DC MG Faults Analysis
and Protection
Phase III: Communication for DC
MG
Com
munic
ation n
etw
ork
380 Vdc
48 Vdc
Air conditioner
Ceilingfan
Refrigerators
Electric Vehicles Flywheels
Chargers
Li-on Batteries
To another DC bus
24 Vdc
48 Vdc
Washing machine
Led Lighting
Phase 1. Phase 2.
Phase 3
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EV charging stations
• Nisan Leaf fast recharge profile • (Commercially available
CHAdeMO compatible charger manufactured by ABB):
Fast DC charging• Most attractive from the vehicle
owner • point of view (around 30 minutes to
recharge completely depleted batteries)
• Appropriate for public charging stations
• Distribution grid may experience problems
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Stop charging