Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam www.abdulkalam.com

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Keynote Address at the

Indonesian National Science Congress

At Jakarta

20 Nov 2007

“Technology Vision and National Prosperity”. “When you wish upon a star,

Makes no difference who you are, Anything your heart desires,

Will come to you”

I am delighted to participate in the 9th Indonesian

National Science Congress, with the theme “Harmonization of

Nature, Science and Culture” at Jakarta. May I thank

Indonesian institute of Science for inviting me to participate in

this important Congress. On behalf of the people of India, my

greetings to the scientists, technologists, researchers and

policy makers participating in the Indonesian National Science

Congress. The theme of the Indonesian national science

congress is unique for the reason; there is a challenge of

harmonization of nature, science and culture. This is

important for many nations both developing and developed. In

this conference, I would like to discuss, how science &

technology could be an instrument of economic growth and

national development. The topic I have selected for

discussion is “Technology Vision and National Prosperity”.

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The profile of Indonesia and India

India and Indonesia share commonality in term of size,

ethnic, religious, language and cultural diversity. India and

Indonesia got their independence almost at the same time

during the middle of 20th Century. India realized its

independence from British rule whereas Indonesia was freed

from Dutch rule. Both of our countries have a long history of

civilizational heritage. We have our own traditions, we have

our own dreams, and of course we have our own problems too.

Can technology assist both our countries to bring prosperity

and lesson or remove the pain of disasters? Particularly, India

and Indonesia are rich in biodiversity. What we need is adding

technology to generate value-added products for national and

international markets. Indonesia, India and many other

countries in this region are connected by Monsoon, Wind,

trade, ideas, values and religion. My discussion today will

focus on this theme, based on Indian experiences. First let me

talk to you about our vision for the billion people of India.

Vision for Billion

In India, out of the billion people, 700 million people live

in the rural areas in 600 thousand village’s equivalent to 200

thousand panchayat. We are going through a major challenge

of uplifting 220 million people (22% of Indian Population).

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They need a decent habitat, they need work with reasonable

income, they need food, they need speedy access to health

care, and they need education and finally they need a good life

and hope for a better future. Our GDP is growing at more than

9% per annum. Whereas, the economists suggest that to uplift

the 220 million people, our economy has to grow at the rate of

10% per annum consistently, for over a decade.

Integrated Action for developed India: In order to

achieve the vision 2020, we have identified five areas where

India has a core competence for integrated action: (1)

Agriculture and food processing (2) Education and Healthcare

(3) Information and Communication Technology

(4) Infrastructure: Reliable and Quality Electric power, Road

and Surface transport and necessary quality Infrastructure for

all parts of the country including PURA for sustainable rural

infrastructure development (5) Self-reliance in critical

technologies. These five areas are closely inter-related and

have to be progressed in a coordinated way that will lead to

food, economic and national security. During my Presidency,

we evolved a system called PURA (Providing Urban Amenities

in Rural Area). There has been large migration of people to the

well-developed urban cities/towns leading to additional

pressure on the cities and towns. This is a universal

phenomenon. PURA is a system that exactly meets an

evolution the well balanced habitat that can be cherished for

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great bio-diversity and greenery, growth of local talent with

addition of technology and above all potential of large scale

value-added employment generation. And by-product of PURA

will be migration from rural areas to urban area is minimized

and promotes reverse migration. This PURA programme has

already become a national mission. PURA is programme,

which incorporates science, technology, engineering, and

management and brings synergy in all the three sectors of the

economy and simultaneously promoting harmony with nature

and culture. I would like to go into detail since it may meet

some of the needs of Indonesia, which has large number of

Islands. The major mission is the development of

infrastructure for bringing rural prosperity are through

Provision of Urban Amenities in Rural Areas (PURA) through

creation of three connectivities namely physical connectivity,

electronic connectivity, knowledge connectivity leading to

economic connectivity to the entire PURA Cluster. The number

of PURA for the whole of India is estimated to be around 7000.

PURA envisages an integrated development plan with

employment generation as the focus, driven by provision of the

habitat, healthcare, education, skill development, physical and

electronic connectivity and marketing in an integrated way for

a cluster of villages with critical mass. In India, we have five

operational PURAs such as Periyar PURA, Byrraju PURA, Loni

PURA, Chitrakoot PURA and Sakthi PURA. India is in the first

phase will start two PURA clusters in each of the 600 districts

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in the country during the 11th plan period. With this strategy

India will be able to transform the rural economy into cluster

based, economically viable village systems before 2020.

PURA Mission

Based on the terrain and climatic conditions there could

be four types of PURA in our country. They are plain terrain

PURA, hill PURA, coastal PURA and desert PURAs. The

population in the Plain terrain and Coastal region PURA may

be in the region of 20,000 to 100,000 in a cluster of 20 to 30

villages, whereas in the Hill or Desert PURA may have a

population of 7,500 to 15,000 people in a cluster of 30 to 50

villages or hamlets. It is also essential that the rural economy

be driven by renewable energies such as solar, wind, bio-fuel

and conversion of municipal waste into power. With this

approach, the core competencies in the rural sector would be

harnessed for sustainable development of the economy as a

whole.

The specific needs of the PURA could be different for

Indonesia, which can be worked out by the specialists based

on terrain and socio-economic conditions prevailing in the

particular region of Indonesia. Indonesia may have to design

and develop more number of coastal and island PURAs. Each

PURA cluster, apart from concentrating on reinforcing

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agriculture, will emphasize on agro processing, development of

rural craftsmanship, dairy, silk production and fishing and

fish processing in those regions having coast lines, so that the

non-farm revenue for the rural sector is enhanced, based on

the competitive advantage of the region. How do we realize

this mission of rural transformation?

Engines for Growth: Emphasis in our societal

transformation is on full utilization of our natural and human

resources of the nation to meet the demands of the modern

society. The natural resources include management of water,

minerals and materials, multiple agro-climatic condition and

large bio-diversity. Also, India is attempting to fully utilize the

five hundred and forty million youth by empowering them with

quality education with vocational skills and value added

employment in the Agriculture, Manufacturing and Service

sectors.

Technology is the non-linear tool available to humanity,

which can affect fundamental changes in the ground rules of

economic competitiveness. Science is linked to technology

through applications. Technology is linked to economy and

environment through manufacture. Economy and environment

are linked to technology and it promotes prosperity to the

society. We have achieved a global competitive index of 48

through the application of technology. We realize that if we

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have to become the forerunner in competitiveness index, we

should channelise our energy into the application of basic

science. Certainly this experience may be of use to Indonesia

in its mission of societal transformation towards knowledge

society.

Realization of transforming India into a developed nation

before the year 2020 and transforming our rural economy

through PURA mission is becoming a reality for the reasons

that our economic growth and other developmental indicators

are in ascent phase.

Ascending economic trajectory

In Indian history, very rarely has our nation come across

a situation, all at a time, an ascending economic trajectory,

continuously rising foreign exchange reserves, reduced rate of

inflation, global recognition of our technological competence,

energy of 540 million youth, umbilical connectivities of 20

million people of Indian origin in various parts of the planet,

with the potential sharing capacity of knowledge and

resources and interest shown by many developed countries to

invest in our engineers and scientists including setting up of

new Research & Development Centers. The distinction

between public and the private sectors and the illusory

primacy of one over the other is vanishing. India as the largest

democracy in the world has a reputation for its democracy and

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for providing leadership to one billion people with multi-

cultural, multi-language and multi-religious backgrounds. Our

technological competence and value systems with civilizational

heritage are also highly respected. Foreign Institutional

Investors are finding investing in India attractive. We need to

accelerate this process through hassle free single window

system of clearance for investment proposals. Our

industrialists are also investing abroad and opening new

business ventures. The Indian economy is growing with an

average annual GDP growth rate of over 8 to 9%. Very soon,

we will be reaching the target of 10% GDP growth rate. We

have to examine whether increasing the growth rate to 10% of

GDP alone will be sufficient or other ingredients are also

required to ensure enhancement of the National Prosperity

Index. For doing this, it is essential to work out the

quantitative value of the National Prosperity Index. With all

these ambience, now, let me give my visualization of India

during the year 2020.

Distinctive Competitive Profile

I visualize a distinctive competitive profile of India by the

year 2020. This may be applicable to other nations too.

1. A Nation where the rural and urban divide has reduced

to a thin line.

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2. A Nation where there is an equitable distribution and

adequate access to energy and quality water.

3. A Nation where agriculture, industry and service sector

work together in symphony.

4. A Nation where education with value system is not

denied to any meritorious candidates because of

societal or economic discrimination.

5. A Nation, which is the best destination for the most

talented scholars, scientists, and investors.

6. A Nation where the best of health care is available to all.

7. A Nation where the governance is responsive,

transparent.

8. A Nation that is prosperous, healthy, secure, peaceful

and happy and continues with a sustainable growth

path.

9. A Nation that is one of the best places to live in and is

proud of its leadership.

National Prosperity Index

While Indian economy is in the ascent phase and our

GDP is growing at nearly 9% per annum, our economic growth

is not fully reflected in the quality of life of a large number of

people, particularly in rural areas and even in urban areas in

India. Hence, we have evolved what is called a “National

Prosperity Index (NPI)” which is a summation of (a) Annual

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growth rate of GDP; plus (b) improvement in quality of life of

the people, particularly those living below the poverty line plus

(c) the adoption of a value system derived from our

civilizational heritage in every walk of life which is unique to

India. That is NPI=a+b+c. Particularly, ‘b’ is a function of

availability of housing, good water, nutrition, proper

sanitation, quality education, quality healthcare and

employment potential. ‘c’ is a function of promoting the joint

family system, creation of a spirit of working together, leading

a righteous way of life, removing social inequities, and above

all promoting a conflict free, harmonious society. This will be

indicated by peace in families and communities, reduction in

corruption index, reduction in court cases, elimination of

violence against children and women and communal tensions.

Our focus is on progressive reduction in the number of people

living below the poverty line leading to its becoming near zero

by 2020. Our efforts are directed towards improving the

national economic performance guided by the measured

National Prosperity Index of the nation at any point of time.

Indian experiences in Mission mode programmes

Let me now give few examples, how we have applied

science and technology for societal transformation.

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1. Green Revolution: Indian Green Revolution was

launched by great visionaries Shri C. Subramaniam and Dr.

M.S. Swaminathan with the help of agricultural scientists,

farmers and entrepreneurs, liberated India from the situation

of what was called “ship to mouth existence.” Through an

effort of historical magnitude, India attained self-sufficiency in

food and we can now export certain quantity of food-grains.

The partnership of the Universities, research laboratories,

extension workers and the farmers enabled India to increase

the productivity of our land substantially and today India is

producing over two hundred million tonnes of food grains

every year.

2. Second Green Revolution: India is now embarking

on Second Green Revolution, which will enable it to further

increase its productivity in the agricultural sector. By 2020

India would require to produce over 340 million tonnes in view

of population growth. The increase in the production would

have to surmount many impeding factors. The requirement of

land for the increasing population as well as for greater

afforestation and environmental preservation activities would

force a situation whereby the present 170 million hectares of

arable land would not be fully available. It might shrink to 100

million hectares by 2020. In addition, there will be shortage of

water. Our agricultural scientists and technologists have to

work for doubling the productivity of the available land with

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lesser area being available for cultivation with less water. The

type of technologies needed would be in the areas of

development of seeds that would ensure good yield even under

constraints of water, land and be resistant to extremes of

whether and pests. The second green revolution is indeed a

knowledge graduation from characterization of soil to the

matching of the seed with the composition of the fertilizer,

water management and evolving pre-harvesting techniques for

such conditions. The domain of a farmer’s work would enlarge

from grain production to food processing and marketing. While

doing so, utmost care would have to be taken for various

environmental and people related aspects leading to

sustainable development. Indian and Indonesian agricultural

scientist could work together in enhancing the food grain

productivity and in establishing food-processing industries,

which could serve the needs of international market.

3. The Indian Space Programme: Prof. Vikram

Sarabhai, who pioneered India’s space programme and

unfurled the socio-economic application oriented space

mission for India in 1970, which in the last four decades has

been touching the lives of many among the billion people of

India in several ways. Today, India with her 14,000 scientific,

technological and support staff in multiple space research

centers, supported by about many academic institutions and

500 industries, has the capability to build any type of satellite

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launch vehicle to place remote sensing, communication and

meteorology satellites in different orbits. Space application has

become a part of our daily life. India has today a constellation

of six remote sensing and eleven communication satellites

serving applications like natural resource survey,

communication, disaster management support, meteorology,

tele-education (27,000 class rooms) and tele-medicine (250

hospitals). Our country is in the process of establishing

100,000 Village Knowledge Centers across the country

through public-private partnership model for providing real

time knowledge input to rural citizens using space and ICT

technologies.

On 10th January 2007, ISRO’s Polar Satellite Launch

Vehicle (PSLV-C7) successfully launched four satellites --

India’s CARTOSAT-2 and Space capsule Recovery Experiment

(SRE-1), Indonesia’s LAPAN-TUBSAT and Argentina’s

PEHUENSAT-1 into a 635 km high polar orbit. On

22nd January 2007, SRE-1 was brought back from space in a

controlled and safe manner to a designated point on Earth.

This is a major technological milestone and an important step

towards reusable launch vehicle and manned space missions.

On 23rd April 2007, the Indian PSLV-C8 placed the Italian

Scientific Satellite Agile into a precise circular orbit of 550 km.

On 2nd Sept 2007, GSLV-F04 orbited INSAT 4CR carrying 12

high power Ku-band transmitters. The country thus has the

capability to launch four launches per year for national,

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international and commercial customers. There are some

exciting science missions in the near future like lunar mission

‘Chandrayan-I’ with payloads from India, Europe, USA, and

Bulgaria . As part of international cooperation a youth satellite

is getting ready for launch next year.

Space technology is indeed contributing uniquely for

providing electronic connectivity, knowledge connectivity,

resource management and quality healthcare in certain

regions. Scientists of India and Indonesia can work together in

establishing tele-education, tele-medicine and e-governance

system in Indonesia particularly for reaching quality

education, quality health care and governance to the

thousands of Islands in Indonesia.

4. Healthcare: India is in the mission of “Health for

all” programme and “Vision 2020” for eye care. It provides

tremendous opportunity in the primary, secondary and

tertiary healthcare. We are also in the mission of establishing

tele-medicine centers in the Primary Health Centre of 2 lakh

panchayats through connectivity mission via Satellite,

Terrestrial and wireless links. The Indian Pharma industry at

present has a turnover of $12.5 billion of generics for domestic

and export markets against the production of $78 billion

worth of generics in the world. Pharma Council has evolved

the Pharma Vision 2020; with the target of producing 40% of

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world generics production in India with the core competence

available in the country of producing cost effective and quality

Pharma products. Some of the Indian companies are in the

process of converting molecule into drugs. These drugs are in

the various phases of clinical trials.

Drug delivery system: A research group headed by

Professor A. N. Maitra of the University of Delhi’s Chemistry

Department has developed 11 patentable technologies for

improved drug delivery systems using nanoparticles. Four of

these processes have been granted U.S. patents. One of the

important achievements at the initial stage of drug delivery

research was development of a reverse micelles based process

for the synthesis of hydrogel and ‘smart’ hydrogel

nanoparticles for encapsulating water-soluble drugs. This

method enabled one to synthesize hydrogel nanoparticles of

size less than 100nm diameter. Another technology has been

transferred to industry deals with nanoparticle drug delivery

for eye diseases. Traditionally, steroids have been used

extensively in the treatment of ocular inflammatory disease

and allergies. However, prolonged use of steroids has many

side effects. The Delhi university group’s process uses nano-

particles to encapsulate non-steroidal drugs. “This process

improves the bio-availability of the drug on the surface of the

cornea”. With the large bio-diversity available in Indonesia,

Indian Pharma industry can establish joint venture Pharma

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units in Indonesia for producing affordable drugs to

Indonesian citizens and also for servicing the international

market.

5. Our growth focus in the ICT Sector: India has

emerged as the fastest growing IT hub in the world, its growth

dominated by IT software and services such as Custom

Application Development and Maintenance (CADM), System

Integration, IT Consulting, Application Management,

Infrastructure Management Services, Software testing,

Service-oriented architecture and Web services. The Indian IT-

ITeS industry recorded US$ 39.6 billion in revenues in 2006-

07 and expected to reaches revenue target of $50 billion in

2007-08. The IT industry's contribution to GDP is around 5

per cent. A majority of the companies in India have already

aligned their internal processes and practices to international

standards such as ISO, CMM, and Six Sigma. This has helped

establish India as a credible sourcing destination. Over 400

Indian companies have acquired quality certifications with 82

companies certified at SEI CMM Level 5 - higher than any

other country in the world. Indian and Indonesian companies

both in public and private sector can definitely work on

establishing ICT industry in Indonesia for undertaking IT &

ITES tasks on competitive basis for international market.

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6. Energy: Energy Independence is our national goal.

We are determined to achieve this within the next 25 years i.e

by the year 2030. When our population may touch 1.4 billion

people, demand from power sector will increase from the

existing 130,000 MW to about 400,000 MW. This assumes an

energy growth rate of 5% per annum. Electric power

generation in India now accesses four basic energy sources:

Fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas and coal; Hydroelectricity;

Nuclear power; and Renewable energy sources such as bio-

fuels, solar, biomass, wind and ocean. We need a major

thrust in solar energy and wind energy for generating over

1,20,000 MW by 2030 through these two renewable energy

sources. Similarly we are planning to harness over 65,000

MW from hydropower sources.

So far, we have seen certain experiences of India in using

Science & Technology for the economic development.

Certainly, these experiences may be applicable to Indonesia

also. Our success and failures will help you to work on your

core strengths and facilitate accelerated development process

in Indonesia. Certainly, India is willing to share its experiences

in Indonesian mission of societal transformation.

Growth of Knowledge Society

Knowledge has always been the prime mover for

prosperity. A knowledge society is one of the basic

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foundations for the development of any nation. Knowledge

has many forms and it is available at many places. The

acquisition of knowledge has therefore been the thrust area

throughout the world and sharing the experience of knowledge

is a unique culture of our country. Economic growth for India

is fundamentally tied to societal transformation in the

knowledge products and service sector. Of course this in turn

strengthens agriculture and manufacturing through

innovation and value addition. Our movement towards

Developed India 2020 is to generate revenue not only from raw

material, agricultural and industrial products which are the

hallmarks of an agricultural society, we are moving upwards

to an information and knowledge society involving explicit

knowledge through knowledge intensive products and have

manufacturing sector and high value agriculture based on new

knowledge and skill.

Dimensions of Knowledge Society

In the knowledge economy the objective of a society

changes from fulfilling the basic needs of all round

development to empowerment. The education system will be

promoted by creative, interactive self learning – formal and

informal education with focus on values, merit and quality.

The workers instead of being skilled or semi-skilled will be

knowledgeable, self-empowered and flexibly skilled. The type of

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work instead of being structured and hardware driven will be

less structured and software driven. Management style will

emphasize more on delegation rather than giving command.

Impact on environment and ecology will be strikingly less

compared to industrial economy. Finally, the economy will be

knowledge driven and not industry driven.

In order to promote national prosperity, it is essential

that simultaneously a citizen-centric approach to evolution of

business policy, user-driven technology generation and

intensified industry-lab-academy linkages have to be

established in every country. Now let me explain an

international experience between India and PAN African

nations in fulfilling the Millennium Development Goal of

Africa.

Pan African e-Network

During the year 2003-04, I visited African countries such

as Sudan, Tanzania, Zanzibar and South Africa. I addressed

the Pan African Parliament on 16 Sept 2004, at

Johannesburg, South Africa which was attended by Heads of

53 member countries of the African Union. Based on my

study of the communication, healthcare and education needs

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of the African countries, I proposed the concept of Pan African

e-Network for providing seamless and integrated satellite, fiber

optics and wireless network connecting 53 African countries.

The Pan-African e-Network project is estimated to cost

around US$100 million. As part of the project 12 universities

(7 from India and 5 from Africa), 17 Super Specialty Hospitals

(12 from India and 5 from Africa), 53 tele-medicine centers

and 53 tele-education centres in Africa will be connected. The

pilot project on tele-education and tele-medicine in Ethiopia

has already been commissioned. One of our Indian

Universities has taken up the MBA Course for 34 Ethiopian

students of Addis Ababa and Harmaya Universities. As

regards, tele-medicine, the specialists from CARE Hospital,

Hyderabad are providing one-hour live tele-consultation to

doctors in Black Lion Hospital, Addis Ababa in Cardiology and

Radiology since November 2006. The Pan African e-Network

will primarily provide Tele-Education, Tele-Medicine, Internet,

videoconferencing and VOIP services. It also supports e-

Governance, e-Commerce, infotainment, resource mapping

and meteorological services. Each remote location will be able

to access the Internet through the network by linking the HUB

to Internet backbone. Using this network the Heads of the

State in all the 53 countries will be connected for instant

communication. The network is designed to have 169

terminals and a central hub to deliver tele-education and tele-

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medicine services. The proposed network will utilize state-of-

the-art technology and can be integrated with the latest

broadband technologies like Wi-Fi and Wi-Max. The network is

scalable to support different applications catering to increased

number of users.

Indonesian Islands e-Network: A network similar to Pan

African e-network is indeed highly relevant and suitable for

Indonesia. An Indonesian Islands e-network will enable

provision of e-connectivity and knowledge connectivity to the

230 million people of Indonesia spread in over seventeen

thousand Islands. Connecting the islands with various

networks such as Satellite, Fibre optics, wireless and internet

connectivity. Indonesian Islands e-network will provide

education, healthcare and e-governance services to the entire

Indonesian islands. The Indonesian educational institutions

and indian higher educational institutions may be connected

so that quality education reaches out to all the youth through

high definition virtual tele-presence. India had an experience

in tele-education and setting up of virtual universities through

high definition virtual tele-presence. Connecting the rural

Indonesian villages with the tele-medicine and mobile medical

van facilities and connected to the Super specialty hospitals in

Indonesia and India, so that equitable quality healthcare

reaches to all the Indonesian citizens. Then ultimately provide

e-governance services to all the citizens of Indonesia. Actually

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e-governance means “A transparent smart e-governance

with seamless access, secure and authentic flow of

information crossing the inter-departmental barrier and

providing a fair and unbiased service to all the citizens.”

G2G services will connect the Indonesian Central

Government, Province and District administration and the

villages, thus ensuring and G2C services may seamlessly

reaches out to all people thus ensuring transparency in

governance. Once you provide these electronic and knowledge

connectivity, it will propel the economic growth in a non-linear

way. I can assure you that India will become a partner for

establishing “Indonesian Islands e-network”. This programme

will have a positive impact in our cooperation.

Conclusion: World Knowledge Platform

With the Indian experience of international cooperative

venture from concept to realization and marketing, I would

suggest the evolution of “World Knowledge Platform” for

bringing together the core competence of India and Indonesia

in science and technology and industry leading to the solution

to the unique problems faced by both our countries. “World

Knowledge platform” will enable joint research in following

areas.

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(a) Energy Independence

(b) Earthquake and Tsunami research and Disaster

management technologies

(c) Knowledge products

(d) Deep sea fishing and fish processing technologies

Certainly all these 4 areas will provide challenges and

opportunities for scientists and technologists of both the

countries to work together.

Let me briefly go into these R&D missions:

a) Energy Independence: Energy independence is an

important mission for the harmonization of the nature

and technology, particularly in the environment of fast

depleting fossil fuel sources and the need of preserving

the clean planet earth and climate change. Research and

Development for energy independence will be in

renewable energy systems such as solar energy, wind

energy and bio-diesel systems.

b) Earthquake and Tsunami research: Indonesia and

India, while we can share lot of pleasant experiences, we

both nations have unique problems. If the seacoast near

Indonesia is in turmoil, the seacoast near India is also in

turmoil. If Indonesia gets earthquake, we also feel the

shock. If Indonesia is struck by tsunami, India is also

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affected with equal vigour in certain coastal areas in

India. Similarly, many cyclonic and other hazards are

common to both of us. The time has come, we have to

challenge the problems, defeat the problems and

succeed. I would like to suggest the earthquake

forecasting as one of the very important research area for

India and Indonesia and even for the world. The research

in earthquake forecasting needs combined work of

multiple science and technological disciplines like

geology, climatology, space communication, civil and

structural engineering.

c) Knowledge Products: Design; Development and

Marketing of knowledge products in the field of

education, healthcare and e-governance, automobile,

embedded systems and handheld devices.

(d) Deep sea fishing and fish processing: Development of

fishing industry in Indonesia and India specially through

deep sea fishing, processing, packaging and marketing

on high seas like Iceland model.

Certainly, World knowledge platform between India and

Indonesia will focus on the missions, which are common to

both the nations. The results of these joint international

missions will also be useful to other similarly placed nations.

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My best wishes to all the participants of 9th Indonesian

National Science Congress for success in their mission of

leading Indonesia to prosperity through the application of

Science and Technology consistent with the theme of the

congress.

May God Bless you.