Powerpoint TemplatesPage 1

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA)

Powerpoint TemplatesPage 2

Definisi EIA

Environmental Impact Assessment

“dampak” vs

“efek”

Proses sistematis yang meliputi:

Identifikasi dari dampak yang mungkin terjadi pada lingkungan dari suatu aktivitas tertentu

Usaha memitigasi dan monitoring dari dampak tersebut

Terminologi “lingkungan” phsyical, biological, social

Powerpoint TemplatesPage 3

“dampak”?

Dampak dari suatu aktivitas adalah penyimpangan atau perubahan dari suatu baseline situation yang diakibatkan aktivitas tersebut

3

Untuk dapat mengukur dampak dari suatu aktivitas, kita harus mengetahui baseline situation terlebih dahulu.

!

baseline situation: Kondisi lingkungan sebelum suatu aktivitas tertentu berlangsung

Powerpoint TemplatesPage 4

Human and Economic Development:population and communities ,industries, infrastructural facilities (, institutions, transportation (roads, harbors, airports, navigation), land using Power sources and transmissions Agricultural development

Komponen dalam

Baseline Situation

Powerpoint TemplatesPage 5

Types of impacts & their attributes

Direct & indirect impacts

Short-term & long-term impacts

Adverse & beneficial impacts

Cumulative impacts

The EIA process is concerned with

all types of impacts and may describe them in a

number of ways

Intensity Direction Spatial extent Duration Frequency Reversibility Probability

But all impacts are NOT treated equally.

Powerpoint TemplatesPage 6

Fungsi EIA

• Mengidentifikasi potensi dampak• Mempelajari signifikansi dari implikasi ingkungan• Memberikan penilaian apakah dampak tersebut

bisa dimitigasi• Merekomendasikan langkah-langkah mitigasi

dan koreksi• Menginformasikan pembuat keputusan dan

pihak yang terlibat mengenai implikasi lingkungan

• Memberikan saran terkait perlu tidaknya suatu proyek dilanjutkan

Proses EIA

Full EIA(if needed)

InitialInquiries

The EIA Process

Understanding the project Screening Preliminary assessment (if needed) Scoping (if needed)

Baseline study Selecting alternatives Identifying potential impacts Quantifying/predicting impacts Selecting mitigation options Implementing mitigation and monitoring plans

Phase 1 Phase 2

Powerpoint TemplatesPage 8

Powerpoint TemplatesPage 99

Phase 1 of the EIA Process

Screen the activity

Based on the nature of the activity what level of environmental review is indicated?

Conduct a Preliminary Assessment

A rapid, simplified EIA study using simple tools(e.g. the USAID IEE)

ACTIVITY IS OF MODERATEOR UNKNOWNRISK

SIGNIFICANT ADVERSE IMPACTS POSSIBLE

SIGNIFICANT ADVERSE IMPACTS VERY UNLIKELY

ACTIVITY IS LOW RISK (Of its nature, very unlikely to have significant adverse impacts)

ACTIVITY IS HIGH RISK (Of its nature, likely to have significant adverse impacts)

Phase IIPhase IUnderstand proposed activity

Why is the activity being proposed?

What is being proposed?

BEGIN FULL EIA STUDY

STOP the EIA process

Powerpoint TemplatesPage 10

Steps in Impact Assessment

– Conduct baseline study– Identify and evaluate alternatives– Identify potential impacts– Predict impacts– Determine impact significance – Consider mitigation options– Determine residual impacts and

environmental risks– Prepare environmental management

plan

Powerpoint TemplatesPage 11

Identify, Predict and Judge

Identify potential impacts

Judge the significance of potential impacts

Predict potential impacts

Many resources describe the potential impacts of typical small-scale activities.

Determine which potential impacts are likely to become actual, and quantify these impacts to the extent possible.

1

2

3 Determine whether the predicted impacts are indeed significant! THIS WILL OFTEN DEPEND ON HOW EFFECTIVE THE PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES ARE!

Powerpoint TemplatesPage 12

• Magnitude criterion (M) [1-5] linked to:- extent- harmfulness- duration- economic aspects

• Frequency criterion (F) [1-5] • Detection criterion (D) [1-5]

EF = M x F x D

Environmental Factor Types of impact

1≤EF≤8 Non significant

9≤EF≤27 Slightly significant

EF≥28 Significant

for each process phase

Powerpoint TemplatesPage 13

Tools in Assessing Environmental Impacts

• Checklist• Interactional Matrices• Cost Benefit Analysis• Life Cycle Assessment• Environmental Risk Assessment• Ecological Footprint

Powerpoint TemplatesPage 14

Checklist

• Daftar berupa dampak yang mungkin timbul dari suatu aktivitas

• Bentuk paling sederhana dari penilaian terhadap dampak lingkungan

• Dapat digunakan secara universal• Tidak dapat dianggap lengkap

Disease vectors

(a) Are there known disease problems in the project area transmitted throughvector species such as mosquitoes,flies, snails etc. ? yes no not known

(b) Are these vector species associated with: – aquatic habitats ? yes no not known – forest habitats ? yes no not known – agricultural habitats ? yes no not known

(f) Will the project provide opportunitiesfor vector control through improvedstandards of living ? yes no not known

Estimated impact on disease vectors ?

high adverse insignificant high benefit

Example of Checklist

Powerpoint TemplatesPage 16

Interactional Matrices

• Merupakan pengembangan dari checklist

• Salah satu sumbu merupakan daftar dari parameter lingkungan, dan sumbu lain adalah rincian tindakan/aktivitas

• Kemungkinan interaksi atau dampak yang terjadi daris etiap tindakan terhadap setiap parameter lingkungan dianalisis

Powerpoint TemplatesPage 17

Powerpoint TemplatesPage 18

Cost-Benefit Analysis

• Usaha untuk memberikan nilai secara ekonomis terhadap aspek lingkungan

• Langkah-langkah dalam CBA:– Identifikasi cost dan benefit dari proyek ybs– Lakukan valuasi ekonomis terhadap setiap

poin yang teridentifikasi– Perhitungkan reduksi maupun pertambahan

nilai valuasi tersebut

Cost Criteria

WIND-FARM POWER GENERATOR COAL-FIRED

POWER GENERATORCentralized

GeneratorDistributed Generator

Economic Cost      Initial Cost       site exploration ** *** *** securing land access ** *** *** plant establishment     *** wind turbines and components ** ***   installation cost ** **   foundation cost ** **  Total Initial Cost **** ***** ***      Operational - Maintenance Cost       maintenance cost ** ** *** replacement cost *** *** ** energy production cost ** ** * transmission cost *** *** **Total Operational-Maintenance Cost *** *** **       Average plant life 25 years 20 years 50 years       Social Cost      health damage of the society * * **Environmental Cost      environmental damage * ** ***emission trading scheme - - ***

BENEFIT ANALYSIS

Benefit Criteria

WIND-FARM POWER GENERATOR COAL-FIRED

POWER GENERATORCentralized

GeneratorDistributed Generator

Economic Benefit      

reliability + + +++

security of supply +++ +++ ++

       

Social Benefit      employment opportunities + + +++

       

Environmental Cost      

reduction of air pollution +++ +++ -

       

Powerpoint TemplatesPage 21

LCARAECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT

Next week: