Kinetics

Chapter 19

Kinetics (chemistry)

Branch of chemistry that investigates the rates of chemical reactions.

Reactions result from the collision of particles: ions, molecules, atoms.

Review

What are the 6 types of reactions?

6 Types of Reactions

CombustionDecompositionSynthesisSingle displacementDouble displacementAcid base reaction

Collision Theory

Collision Theory

Activation Energy

The energy required for a reaction to proceed

Results in the formation of a transition state.

Factors that affect reaction rate

TemperatureConcentrationParticle sizeCatalyst

Increase in Temperature:increases the speed

of particlesincreases the

number of collisionsincreases the energy

of the collisions

An Increase in Concentration Increases:

the number of collisions

the likelihood of collisions with sufficient energy

the likelihood the collisions with have enough energy

Particle Size

Decreasing the particle size increases the surface area to volume ratio

More surface area, the faster the reaction

CatalystCatalyst provide a

surface area for a reaction to occur.

By orienting the particles to the correct position, reaction requires less energy to proceed.

Lower activation energy, faster reaction

Catalyst

By orienting the particles for a more efficient collision the activation energy is reduced allowing the reaction to proceed faster