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KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Characteristics of an Animal 1. Multicellular 2. Eukaryotic 3. No cell wall 4. Heterotrophic 5. Motile or sessile 6. Digestion (internal or external)
Symmetry A balance in proportions of an
object or organism. 3 types
Asymmetry Radial Symmetry Bilateral Symmetry
Asymmetry Irregular Body
Shape Often sessile
organisms Ex. sponges
Radial Symmetry Can be divided along
any plane, into roughly equal halves.
Ex. Sea Star, Ex. Sea Anemone
Bilateral Symmetry Can be divided
into similar left and right halves that form mirror images of each other.
More terms Anterior- Head End Posterior- Tail End Dorsal – Back End Ventral- Belly SurfaceRadial Symmetry Oral- underside (mouth) Aboral – top side (anus)
3 Different Body Plans 1. Acoelomate
2. Pseudocoelomate
3. Coelomate All three body plans exhibit bilateral
symmetry
Acoelomate 1. 3 cell layers 2. No body cavity Ex. Flatworm
Pseudocoelomate Fluid filled
cavity- partly lined
A “real” body cavity
Ex. Roundworm
Coelomate True body
cavity Ex. Insects, fish,
humans
Animal Development Most develop from a single
fertilized egg called a zygote. 2 Stages of development
Blastula- single layer of cells around a fluid-filled space.
Gastrula- structure made of two cell layers.
3 Different Cell Layers 1. Ectoderm- cell on outer surface
of gastrula (ex. Skin, nervous tissue)
2. Endoderm- layer of cell lining inner surface of gastrula. (develops into digestive tract)
3. Mesoderm- b/w the ecto and endoderm (forms muscles, repro. Organs, circulatory vessels)
2 Ways to Develop 1. Protostome- an animal with
a mouth that develops from the opening in the gastrula.(ex. Insects, earthworms)
2. Deuterostome- an animal in which the anus develops from the opening in the gastrula. (ex. Fish, birds, humans)
Protection and Support 1. Exoskeleton- hard, waxy
covering on outside of body. ( ex. Crabs, spiders)
2. Endoskeleton- support housed within the body. (ex. Humans)