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Kingdom Kingdom AnimaliaAnimaliaPhylum Phylum ChordataChordata

Subphylum VertebrataSubphylum Vertebrata

Class Class AmphibiaAmphibia

Class Class AmphibiaAmphibia

AmphiAmphi = both= bothBiosBios = lives= livesExamplesExamples: :

1.1. salamanders (including newts & salamanders (including newts & eftsefts))2.2. caecilians caecilians 3.3. frogs frogs 4.4. toadstoads

Salamanders Salamanders (including newts & (including newts & eftsefts))

Tiger salamanderTiger salamander

Salamanders Salamanders (including newts & (including newts & eftsefts))

Jeffersonian salamanderJeffersonian salamander

Salamanders Salamanders (including newts & (including newts & eftsefts))

Eastern HellbenderEastern Hellbender

Salamanders Salamanders (including newts & (including newts & eftsefts))

Marbled SalamanderMarbled Salamander

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Salamanders Salamanders (including newts & (including newts & eftsefts))

RedRed--spotted salamanderspotted salamander

Salamanders Salamanders (including newts & (including newts & eftsefts))

Northern Red salamanderNorthern Red salamander

Salamanders Salamanders (including newts & (including newts & eftsefts))

AxolotlAxolotl

Salamanders Salamanders (including newts & (including newts & eftsefts))

Red Red efteft

CaeciliansCaecilians FrogsFrogs

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FrogsFrogs

Leopard frogLeopard frog

Poison Dart FrogPoison Dart Frog

Poison Dart FrogPoison Dart Frog Poison Dart FrogPoison Dart Frog

Poison Dart FrogPoison Dart Frog Poison Dart FrogPoison Dart Frog

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African clawed frogAfrican clawed frog Gastric Brooding FrogGastric Brooding Frog

Goliath frogGoliath frog Tomato frogTomato frog

Flying frogFlying frog ToadsToads

Boreal toadBoreal toad

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Boreal toadBoreal toad Cane toadCane toad

American toadAmerican toadSurinam Toad (frog?)Surinam Toad (frog?)

General InformationGeneral Information

3,400 species3,400 speciesHabitatHabitat: :

Adults: terrestrialAdults: terrestrial

Sub Sub –– adults (larvae):adults (larvae):aquatic (freshwater)aquatic (freshwater)

Skeleton Skeleton –– BonyBony

LimbsLimbs-- TetrapodsTetrapods ((““4 feet4 feet””))

Some legless (Caecilians)Some legless (Caecilians)

Feet often webbed (for swimming)Feet often webbed (for swimming)

Forelimbs usually with 4 digits Forelimbs usually with 4 digits

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SkinSkinSmoothSmooth & & moistmoist

NoNo scalesscales

Lungs (most adults)Lungs (most adults)

Gills ( tadpoles)Gills ( tadpoles)

Skin glandsSkin glands

Defense / CamouflageDefense / CamouflagePigmentPigment((chromatophoreschromatophores))

DefenseDefensePoisonPoison

Prevent dehydrationPrevent dehydrationWaxWax

Prevent dehydrationPrevent dehydrationMucusMucus

FunctionFunctionName of glandName of gland

RespirationRespiration

•• optionsoptions -- one or more of the one or more of the following:following:

Skin (must be kept moist to breathe)Skin (must be kept moist to breathe)

Lungs (most adults)Lungs (most adults)

Gills (tadpoles, some adult Gills (tadpoles, some adult salamanders) salamanders)

Heart & temperature regulationHeart & temperature regulation•• 3 chambered heart3 chambered heart•• (tadpoles = 2 chambered heart)(tadpoles = 2 chambered heart)

EctothermalEctothermal ––use environment to regulate use environment to regulate

body temperaturebody temperature

ReproductionReproduction

DioeciousDioecious

Internal fertilizationInternal fertilization ––salamanders & caecilianssalamanders & caecilians

External fertilizationExternal fertilization ––frogs & toadsfrogs & toads

ReproductionReproduction

ViviparousViviparous –– eggs must be kept moisteggs must be kept moist

MetamorphosisMetamorphosis –– (usually present)(usually present)

eggs eggs →→ larvae (sublarvae (sub--adults) adults) →→ adults adults

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MetamorphosisMetamorphosis ReproductionReproductionA. A. Australian Marsupial frogAustralian Marsupial frog

(use pouch on dorsum)(use pouch on dorsum)B. B. Surinam FrogSurinam Frog

(babies in skin on (babies in skin on dorsum)dorsum)

C. C. Poison dart frogPoison dart frog(carries tadpoles from (carries tadpoles from rain forest floor to rain forest floor to canopy)canopy)

D. D. DarwinDarwin’’s frogs frog(babies mature in vocal (babies mature in vocal pouch)pouch)

****Remember Remember gastricgastricbrooding frog brooding frog keeps keeps young in stomach!young in stomach!

Three OrdersThree Orders

1.1. Order Order GymnophionaGymnophiona ““naked snakenaked snake”” ––caecilians (a.k.a. caecilians (a.k.a. ApodaApoda))

2.2. Order Order CaudataCaudata ““ having a tailhaving a tail”” ––salamanders, newts, salamanders, newts, eftsefts

3. 3. Order Order AnuraAnura ““ without tailwithout tail”” ––frogs & toadsfrogs & toads

Order Order GymnophionaGymnophiona((caecilians)caecilians)--

RareRare

LimblessLimbless

HabitatHabitat: Burrow in earth, tropical habitats: Burrow in earth, tropical habitats

FeedingFeeding: worms & small invertebrates: worms & small invertebrates

Order Order CaudataCaudata((salamanders, etc.)salamanders, etc.)

HabitatHabitat: all moist Northern temperate: all moist Northern temperatehabitatshabitats

FeedingFeeding: adults & larvae carnivorous: adults & larvae carnivorous(moving prey, small invertebrates)(moving prey, small invertebrates)

Internal fertilizationInternal fertilization

Order Order AnuraAnura(frogs & toads)(frogs & toads)

HabitatHabitat: : 1. 1. adultsadults: terrestrial, moist soil: terrestrial, moist soil2. 2. larvaelarvae: fresh water: fresh water

FeedingFeeding: carnivorous: carnivorousExternal fertilizationExternal fertilization ((amplexusamplexus))Endangered worldEndangered world--widewideSentinel speciesSentinel species: :

very sensitive to environmental changes very sensitive to environmental changes ( E.g. ( E.g. uvuv exposure, water pollution ) exposure, water pollution ) due to dependence on moist/ aquatic due to dependence on moist/ aquatic envmntenvmnt..

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