Kingdom PlantaeKingdom Plantae

Anatomy and AdaptationsAnatomy and Adaptations

Why are plants important?Why are plants important?

Primary source of food for people and animals

Produce oxygenHelp to keep us coolRenew the airSlow wind speedProvide a home for wildlifeBeautify surroundingsFurnish building materials Fuel

Hierarchy of LifeHierarchy of Life

Organ Systems

Organs

Tissues

Cells

Organism

Plant Cell ReviewPlant Cell Review

Ribosomes

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Cell Membrane

Nucleus

Chloroplast

Vacuole

Cell Wall

MitochondriaGolgi Apparatus

Contains ChlorophyllSite of photosynthesis

Site of protein synthesisGateway to the cell

Support and structureComposed of cellulose

Packages and delivers proteins

Brain of the cellContains genetic info

DNA!

Helps synthesize proteinsand lipids Storage

In plants can take up to 90% of the

entire cell

EnergyCellular Respiration

ATP

Hmmmm QuestionHmmmm Question

Why do you suppose plants

have larger vacuoles than animal cells?

3 Main Organs in Plants3 Main Organs in Plants

Roots

Stems

Leaves

11

22

33

Roots CharacteristicsRoots Characteristics

Usually undergroundAnchor plant and hold

uprightAbsorb water and minerals

from soil and conduct to stem

Store food

RootsRoots

Internal

•Similar to Stem

•Vascular Tissue• xylem & phloem

External

•Root Cap•Provides continuous supply of new cells•Protects roots as they push through soil

•Roots hairs• absorb water and minerals

Root Structure

Banana Root TipBanana Root Tip

Root Cap Meristamitic

Tissue

Tissue that generates new

cells by mitosis

How does a plant take up water?How does a plant take up water?

Read the following passage.

Most vascular plants live on land and obtain water from the soil through their roots by osmosis. Water present in surrounding soil particles may move into root hairs by osmosis. The millions of tiny root hairs together have a very large surface area for absorbing water into the roots epidermal cells. This results in a greater concentration of water molecules in the outer epidermal cells of the root than in the cortex. Thus, water moves by osmosis from epidermal cells into the cortex. From there, movement of water continues across the many cell layers of a root until the water finally enters the xylem.

Main Idea

Supporting Detail

Supporting Detail

Supporting Detail

Flow Chart for Water transportFlow Chart for Water transport

Water and Minerals

Using the reading passages, create a flow map starting with water and ending with xylem.

Xylem

If this flow chart was to continue, predict where

the water would go next?

Continue ReadingContinue Reading

Vascular plants also obtain minerals and nutrients from the soil through their roots. Mineral ions enter roots by diffusion, facilitated diffusion, or active transport. Some minerals are used in the root or are simply stored there. Other minerals enter the xylem. The xylem of roots extends into the stem and to the leaves. Water and dissolved ions are transported upward through this pipeline.

Main Idea

Supporting Detail

Supporting Detail

Supporting Detail

Water UptakeWater Uptake

The continuous uptake of water creates a pressure as osmosis draws water from a lower concentration to a higher concentration. This is referred to as root pressure.

H20H20

H20H20

H20H20

This is why aqua globes work!

WOW!

Hmmm QuestionHmmm Question

Why are root hairs an adaptation for

plants?

Example of RootsExample of Roots

Tap Root Fibrous Root

Stems CharacteristicsStems Characteristics

Contains tubes to transport material through the plant. Vascular tissue – xylem and phloem

Stores nutrients for later use Holds leaves and flowers in the best position to

gather sunlight and for reproduction

StemsStems

2 Main types of stems Herbaceous – contain little or no woody tissues

and typically die each year and grow back.

Woody Stems - xylem that has died and hardened

Example tree trunks

QuestionQuestion

Does this cactus have a woody or herbaceous stem?

                                                            

               

                                                            

                Giant saguaro Carnegiea gigantea in northern Sonora, Mexico. The weight of this large cactus is largely due to water storage tissue in the stems.

A dead saguaro showing the woody (lignified) vascular strands that provide support for the massive stems.

Tendrils

Stem AdaptationsStem Adaptations

Thorns

Rhizome and Tubers

Runner

TUBER

Leaf CharacteristicsLeaf Characteristics

Capture the sun’s energy Site of photosynthesis (although some stems

also conduct photosynthesis) Gas Exchange

Take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen Release excess water as a vapor

called transpiration Smallest grow near the top and largest grow near

the ground.

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

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PhotosynthesisKnowledge

PhotosynthesisKnowledge

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

Which organelle does photosynthesis take place

in?

Chloroplast

How does the water in the ground get to the tip toppity tip of a tree?

Water loss by evaporation in leaves.

TranspirationTranspiration

Remember the Water Cycle…Remember the Water Cycle…

Transpiration Transpiration

Properties of water help transpiration. Cohesion and Adhesion Polarity

Hey…What’s that Bubble

thing called in a graduated cylinder?

O..A meniscus

Capillary action!

Leaves a Closer LookLeaves a Closer Look

Find the stomataAnd Guard Cells

Epidermis - •skin of the leaf•single layer of cells•protects leaf from loss of too much moisture

Guard Cells- specialized cells on the underside of the leaf that control gas exchange.

Stomata – allows the leave to breath and transpire. Also give off moisture.

Adaptations in Leaves Adaptations in Leaves

Succulents Fly Trap Needles Water Lilly Spines

What do plants need to survive?What do plants need to survive?

Sun Light Water & Minerals Gas exchange Movement of water and nutrients