Kingdom PlantaeKingdom PlantaeDomain EukaryaDomain Eukarya

Description - What is a Description - What is a Plant? Plant?

MulticellularMulticellular EukaryotesEukaryotes PhotoautotrophPhotoautotroph Cell walls of cellulose Cell walls of cellulose ChloroplastsChloroplasts Develop from multicellular embryos Develop from multicellular embryos Carry out photosynthesis using green Carry out photosynthesis using green

pigments Chlorophyll A and Bpigments Chlorophyll A and B

Where do Plants Live?Where do Plants Live?

Worldwide on land, Worldwide on land, Climate determines what type can grow.Climate determines what type can grow.

Affected by: Amount of water & length of Affected by: Amount of water & length of growing season growing season

Some plants have adapted to live in:Some plants have adapted to live in: FreshwaterFreshwater SwampsSwamps Salty tidal water.Salty tidal water.

Common ExamplesCommon Examples FernsFerns MossMoss Pine TreePine Tree Magnolia TreeMagnolia Tree Oak TreeOak Tree Rose bushRose bush GrassGrass CottonCotton Tomato plantTomato plant

Mode of NutritionMode of Nutrition

Autotroph – by PhotosynthesisAutotroph – by Photosynthesis

How do they reproduce?How do they reproduce?

Plants are another kingdom that does Plants are another kingdom that does Alternation of GenerationsAlternation of Generations

Plants may make spores or seeds during Plants may make spores or seeds during reproduction, or both.reproduction, or both.

Diagram Alternation of Diagram Alternation of Generations in PlantsGenerations in Plants

Briefly Explain ThisProcess: HaploidCells fuse togetherTo produce a new Individual by mitosis.

Carpel =

= carpel

DiagramsDiagrams

Classified by: Classified by: Presence or Absence of Vascular Presence or Absence of Vascular

TissueTissue Vascular Tissue – moves water and Vascular Tissue – moves water and

dissolved nutrients through the plant dissolved nutrients through the plant against gravityagainst gravity

2 Types: 2 Types: Xylem – moves water and mineralsXylem – moves water and minerals Phloem – moves dissolved sugarsPhloem – moves dissolved sugars

How they reproduce: Spore or Seed How they reproduce: Spore or Seed Production Production

Why is Vascular Tissue Why is Vascular Tissue Important? Important?

Helps to support the plant by moving Helps to support the plant by moving food and water through the plant food and water through the plant

Carries out functions even against the Carries out functions even against the force of gravityforce of gravity

Allows plants to grow tall!Allows plants to grow tall!

Non-Vascular PlantsNon-Vascular Plants

If plants do not have vascular tissue, they If plants do not have vascular tissue, they must utilize other means to transport must utilize other means to transport water, such as osmosis and capillary water, such as osmosis and capillary action.action.

Main GroupsMain Groups

Flowering Plants

(235,000 species)

Cone-Bearing Plants (760 species)

Ferns & relatives (11,000 species)

Mosses & relatives (15,600 species)

Non-vascular

Spore Producer

Vascular, SporeProducer

Vascular, Seed Producer

Vascular, Seed Producer

MossesMossesExamples: Reindeer mossExamples: Reindeer mossPeat moss,Peat moss,sphagnum mosssphagnum moss

Ferns and RelativesFerns and RelativesExamples: Cinnamon fern, Christmas fern,Examples: Cinnamon fern, Christmas fern,

Boston fernBoston fern

Cone – Bearing PlantsCone – Bearing PlantsExamples: Pine tree, gingko, cycads,Examples: Pine tree, gingko, cycads,

Cedar tree, juniperCedar tree, juniper

Flowering PlantsFlowering PlantsRoses, daisies, tulips, daffodils, Roses, daisies, tulips, daffodils, grasses, azaleasgrasses, azaleas

MossesMosses

Non-vascularNon-vascular Grow in deserts and in Grow in deserts and in

regions of Antarcticaregions of Antarctica Sensitive to air pollutionSensitive to air pollution Can adapt to poor soilCan adapt to poor soil Can tolerate very low Can tolerate very low

temperatures but grow temperatures but grow most abundantly in areas most abundantly in areas with a lot of waterwith a lot of water

Many different sizesMany different sizes Example: Example: PolytrichumPolytrichum

LiverwortsLiverworts

Non-vascularNon-vascular 8,500 different species8,500 different species Does not have stems or leavesDoes not have stems or leaves Can sexually and vegetativly Can sexually and vegetativly

reproducereproduce Grow where moisture is abundant, Grow where moisture is abundant,

like on moist rotting logs like on moist rotting logs Examples:Examples: Marchantia Marchantia

polymorphapolymorpha, , RiccardiaRiccardia pinguis pinguis

HornwortsHornworts

Non-vascularNon-vascular 100 different species100 different species Found usually in damp soilFound usually in damp soil Grows nearly year-roundGrows nearly year-round Also lacking leaves and stemsAlso lacking leaves and stems Example: Example: PhaeocerosPhaeoceros

Lycophytes – Club MossesLycophytes – Club Mosses Vascular Vascular Live in a variety of areas, Live in a variety of areas,

from arctic to tropicalfrom arctic to tropical Form mats on the groundForm mats on the ground Cone-shaped leaf clustersCone-shaped leaf clusters Examples: Club mosses, Examples: Club mosses,

resurrection plantresurrection plant (resurrection plant name for several (resurrection plant name for several

plants, usually of arid regions, that may plants, usually of arid regions, that may apparently be brought back to life after apparently be brought back to life after they are dead. In reality they have they are dead. In reality they have hygroscopic qualities which cause them hygroscopic qualities which cause them to curl up when dry and to unfold when to curl up when dry and to unfold when moist. They are frequently sold in the moist. They are frequently sold in the dried condition as a novelty. The most dried condition as a novelty. The most common are the rose of Jericho and the common are the rose of Jericho and the bird's-nest moss, a club moss)bird's-nest moss, a club moss)

Horsetails Horsetails

VascularVascular Generally small Generally small Reproduce by means of Reproduce by means of

sporesspores Thrive in vacant lots, stream Thrive in vacant lots, stream

banks, and roadsides and banks, and roadsides and other disturbed habitatsother disturbed habitats

Scale shaped leavesScale shaped leaves Example: Example: EquisetumEquisetum

FernsFerns

VascularVascular Found in wet areasFound in wet areas Have rust-colored Have rust-colored

patches on frondspatches on fronds Up to 25 meters tallUp to 25 meters tall SeedlessSeedless Some are heart-shapedSome are heart-shaped Examples: Tropical Examples: Tropical

ferns, epiphytes ferns, epiphytes

How Plants How Plants HelpHelp Man ManWe Use plants for:We Use plants for:

Building materialsBuilding materials FuelFuel

FOOD: cereals, fruits and vegetables.

MedicineMedicineSome examples:Some examples:

*Thyme: mainly used to treat coughs and clear *Thyme: mainly used to treat coughs and clear congestioncongestion

*Aloe Vera- heals wounds, burns, and reduces *Aloe Vera- heals wounds, burns, and reduces risk of infectionrisk of infection

*Ginkgo- prevent dizziness, tinnitus, short-term *Ginkgo- prevent dizziness, tinnitus, short-term memory loss, depression and other symptoms memory loss, depression and other symptoms related to poor brain circulation. related to poor brain circulation.

FIBERSCotton- woven into a variety of cloths Linen-comes from fibers in stems of flax plants and fibers in hemp plants. Linen is used for a variety of things including cloth and rope.Papyrus Reed-used to make paper and reed boats.

How they Hurt ManHow they Hurt Man

Weeds – can choke out desirable plants Weeds – can choke out desirable plants in yards and gardensin yards and gardens

Water plants – can clog waterways if Water plants – can clog waterways if grow uncheckedgrow unchecked

Poisonous plants – cause rashes, or can Poisonous plants – cause rashes, or can kill if eaten kill if eaten

Special Role(s) in Special Role(s) in EcosystemsEcosystems

Main source of Oxygen on landMain source of Oxygen on land Base of food chain on landBase of food chain on land

Homes/habitats for many other organismsHomes/habitats for many other organisms Part of Carbon cycle in ecosystemsPart of Carbon cycle in ecosystems Help prevent soil erosion during heavy rainsHelp prevent soil erosion during heavy rains Help keep temperatures lower in hot climatesHelp keep temperatures lower in hot climates