Kingdom Protista

Spring2012

Kingdom Characteristics

• Domain: Eukarya, so they are Eukaryotes• Unicellular or Multicellular• Autotrophic or Heterotrophic• May or May Not Have a Cell Wall – usually

cellulose.

Diatoms – Cell Wall Made of Silicon.

Division of the Kingdom

1. Fungus – Like Protists2. Animal – Like Protists (Protozoans)3. Plant – Like Protists (Algae)

1 Flap for Each Section

Plant-Like Protists (Algae)

• All contain chlorophyll• Classified Based on Color and structure• Mode of Nutrition: Autotrophs• Unicellular or Multicellular

Separated into 6 Different Phylum

Phylum Euglenophyta• 2 Flagella - Live in Ponds• Unicellular• No Cell Wall• Autotrophs• Heterotrophs - when sun is not availableUnique characteristicsRed Eye Spot

Phylum Bacillariophyta - Diatoms • Unicellular- Live in ponds• Autotrophs• Cell Walls of silicon• Most abundant organisms on earth• Phytoplankton

Phylum Pyrrophyta - Dinoflagellates

• ½ Autotrophs and ½ Heterotrophs• 2 Flagella – Can spin• Unicellular• Can be luminescent – “fire plants”• Cause of Red Tide Produce neurotoxins Kills marine life“Algal Blooms”Live in Ocean

Phylum Rhodophyta – The Red Algae

• Mostly Multicellular• Ocean Environment• Chlorophyll A & Red Pigments• Live at Great Depths (Absorb Blue Light)• Used in ice cream & pudding• Culture media for plates• Important to coral formation

Phylum Chlorophyta – The Green AlgaeAncestor to Modern Plants• Uni or Multicellular• Contain Chlorophyll A and B• Cellulose in Cell Wall• Used in cosmetics, paints, and food• Major Source of fish food and oxygen- live in oceanEx. Volvox and Ulva

Animal-Like Protists (Protozoans)

• Cell Structure: No Cell Wall• Mode of nutrition heterotrophs• Unicellular• Classification:Move and Feeding

Separated into 4 Different Phylum

Phylum Sarcodina - Sarcodines

• Amoeboid Movement - move and eat using pseudopods (False Foot)

• Free living• Heterotrophs - Food Vacuole• Ex. amoeba

Endocytosis - #2

Phylum Ciliophora - Ciliates• Move and eat using cilia – short hairlike

projections, similar to flagella• Mostly freeliving – not parasiticEx. Paramecium and Stentor

Paramecium

Reproduction:

Asexually or

Conjugation

Important Characteristic: Contractile Vacuole

Phylum Zoomastigina - Zooflagellates• Move using a flagella • May be free living or parasitic• Ex of parasites: Trypanosoma – Causes African Sleeping Sickness Trichonympha – In digestive system of termites Giardia – Amebic Dysentery

Phylum Sporozoa - Sporozoans

• Don’t move on their own and are parasitic Ex. Plasmodium – Causes Malaria• Sexual and Asexual Reproduction

Malaria

Fungus-Like Protists• Heterotrophs – decomposers• Unlike true fungus lack chitin in their cell wall • Damp, Moist Environments• Reproduce by spores (asexual reproduction)May also be sexual -(Alternation of Generations)

Phylum Acrasiomycota

• Cellular Slime Mold• Have Cell Membranes• Unicellular but colonize

Phylum Myxomycota• Acellular Slime Mold (Unicellular or Plasmodial)Fuse together = Larger structure w/multiple nuclei• Sexual & Asexual Reproduction

Phylum Oomycetes

• Water Molds• Unicellular• Cell Wall of Cellulose• Thrive in water (Spores can move)• Plant parasites on land• Caused Potato Famine Phytophthora infestans

Key Questions• What is the key characteristic all protists share?• What are the three categories of protists?• How are plant-like and animal-like classified?• Which causes malaria?• Which causes algal blooms?• Which is the ancestor to modern plants?• Which lives at great depths due to its ability to absord

blue light?• Which is responsible for the great potato famine?• Sexual reproduction by paramecium is called

___________.• What is the purpose of a contractile vacuole in the

paramecium?