Kingdoms Fungi and Plantae
Fungi are…organisms that consume food –
mainly breaking down dead and decaying matter
organisms that have a nucleusorganisms that have a cell wall
Think-Pair-ShareWith your partner, list the 5 ways
that fungus might be classified. (Reflect back on your notes on classification). After discussion, place a star next to those used to classify fungus.
Think – Pair – Share Answer1. Behaviors2. Biochemistry – the DNA3. Embryology4. Physical Characteristics5. Evolutionary History
(Phylogeny)
Major Structures
Major Structures1. Hyphae – tiny filaments that
make up the fungus2. Mycelium – many hyphae tangled
together3. Fruiting Body – Reproductive
structure that develops from a mycelium and grows below ground
Check for Understanding With your partner, label the following
diagram with the major structures of a fungus
Common MoldsSexually reproducing fungiHyphae generally lack cell
wallsExamples: black bread mold
Sac FungiReproduce both sexually and
asexuallyCan be unicellular and
multicellularExamples: Cup Fungus, Yeasts
Club FungiThese fungi can be edibleThis is an extremely diverse category
of fungus Examples: Orange Jelly, Shelf Fungus,
Mushrooms
Imperfect FungiAll fungi that are not placed into
other groups (phyla) are placed here
NEVER been shown to have a sexual life cycle
Example: Penicillium
Interactions with the Environment
Decomposers – break down dead matter into the nutrients that make it up
Nutrient recyclers Positive relationship with treesCause famine, and disease in
plants, animals, and humans
Most plants…Autotrophs – make their own
foodHave a NUCLEUS!MulticellularHave a cell wall
Plants make a move from water to land!Evolved from organisms like green
algae Evolution required adaptations
Waxy Cuticle – protects from water loss
Vascular tissue – helps move water and nutrients through the plant
Seeds/Flowers – allows for sexual reproduction
Non-Vascular PlantsLack specialized tissue to help
move food and waterVery shortExamples: mosses, liverworts,
hornworts
Vascular Plants Xylem and Phloem move water and food All have true roots, leaves, and stems Some are seedless:
Some have seeds: angiosperms, gymnosperms Seeds allow the plant to reproduce without water
Check for Understanding With your partner, hypothesize why it
was important for vascular tissue to develop in land-dwelling plants.
There is not ONE correct answer! Enabled plants to grow taller, allowed plants to get nutrients more easily, allowed plants to grow deeper roots to access water because it can move throughout the plant, provided plants with more structure and support
Gymnosperms
Known as flowering plants, any plant that bears seeds within a layer of tissue that protects the seeds
Examples: apple tree, rose Two types: monocots, dicots
Angiosperms
Any plants that bear their seeds directly on the surface of cones
Examples: ginkgoes, cycads
MonocotsSingle cotyledon (seed leaves)The veins of the leaves run parallelFloral parts (petals) occur mostly in
multiples of 3Vascular bundles are scattered
throughout the stemFibrous roots
DicotsTwo cotyledons (seed leaves)Leaves have branched veinsFlower parts (petals) occur often in
multiples of 4 or 5Vascular bundles arranged in a ringRoots function like a taproot
Key Plant Parts Anther – oval sac where pollen is found Filament – long, thin stalk that supports anther Stigma – sticky portion at top of style Petal – attract insects and pollinators to flower Sepal – protect the flower while it develops Ovary – surrounds the ovule (female reproductive
portion of the plant)
Check for Understanding With your partner, label the following
picture below with the following terms anther, filament, stigma, style, petal, sepal, ovary, ovule. (You are hypothesizing the location based on the functions we discussed.)