KIRIBATIIN·COUNTRY SEMINAR ONBEACH MONITORING
22-26 January 1995
Russell Howorth, Phil Woodward
SO PAC Secretariat
February 1995 SOPAC Preliminary Report 77
This study was funded by the European Union
[3]
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
SUMMARY 4
INTRODUCTION 4
BACKGROUND 5
SEMINAR PROGRAM 5
Participants 6
RESULTS 6
APPENDIX
Beach Profile Data 8
[LR77 - Howorth & Woodward]
[4]
SUMMARY
An in-country seminar on beach monitoring was held in Tarawa from 22-26 January 1995. A total
of eleven technical officers attended from three ministries and two urban councils.
The seminar was organised by SOPAC and the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resource
Development (MENRD).
During the seminar, ten beach profile monitoring sites were established around Bikenibeu.
Training was provided for I-Kiribati nationals to ensure that monitoring continues at no less than
six-monthly intervals. The data was stored on computer in the Ministry of Environment and
Natural Resources Development for analysis and comparison with later data collected.
Data from previous beach monitoring ongoing since 1982 around Betio and Bairiki was reviewed.
Funds to permit SOPAC staff to travel to Tarawa to conduct this Seminar were provided by the
European Community under its LOME III Regional Marine Resources Development Program for
the Pacific.
INTRODUCTION
The seminar was attended by eight technical officers including three from MENRD, three from
Lands and Survey, two from Public Works, together with two staff from the urban councils of Betio
and Teinainano, and one observer (a recent geology graduate student now employed as a
science teacher at KGV school). It was coordinated by Ms Naomi Biribo. The instructors from
SOPAC were Russell Howorth, Training Coordinator and Phil Woodward, Chief Cartographer.
Xue Chunting and Fuka Kitekei'aho from SOPAC also participated enroute to carrying out a
resurvey of beach profiles in Tuvalu.
The seminar was opened by the Honourable Minister of Environment and Natural Resource
Development and closed by the Secretary of Home Affairs.
[LR77 - Howorth & Woodward]
[5]
BACKGROUND
The establishment in 1982 of a beach monitoring program on Betio and Bairiki was one of the
first activities of SOPAC upon Kiribati becoming a member country following independence in
1979.
A total of twenty six profiles were established and monitoring was carried out regularly until 1987.
The period spanned the construction and completion of the Nippon Causeway. Following
completion of the causeway the beach monitoring was expanded to include both the lagoon and
ocean sides of the causeway to monitor the effects of sand movement in the area.
Since 1990 resurveys have been irregular. Continuation of the monitoring program in recent
years by Kiribati nationals has not been successful due to lack of time of a sufficient number of
skilled staff. In late 1994 Kiribati requested that an in-country seminar be held for local staff as
soon as possible to reactivate the monitoring of the beaches, and provide sufficient numbers of
manpower with skills to carry out the resurveying at regular intervals in the future. Also included
was the establishment for the first time of ten beach monitoring sites around Bikenibeu.
The Government of Kiribati for a number of reasons is deeply concerned about the coastline and
in particular changes in the position of the coastline, which for the most part is beach. The beach
provides Nature's boundary between land and sea. Monitoring the position of the beaches
provides an invaluable record of information on the past present and future effects of interaction
between the land, the sea, and the effects Man can have on these processes. This record has a
vital role to play in developing effective short and long term integrated management plans for the
coastal zone.
SEMINAR PROGRAM
21 Jan Saturday 08.00 Depart Nadi15.30 Arrive Tarawa
22 Jan Sunday Check profile control points, Betio, Bairiki and Bikenibeu
23 Jan Monday 08.30 Official Opening09.00 Morning Tea09.30 Introduction to Beach Monitoring11.00 Lunch12.00 Introduction to field surveying techniques and data recording13.30 Fieldwork (Low tide 14.49)
[LR77 - Howorth & Woodward]
[6]
24 Jan Tuesday 09.00 Lectures and data plotting13.00 Fieldwork (Low tide 16.13)
25 Jan Wednesday 09.00 Lectures and data plotting13.00 Fieldwork (Low tide 18.01)
26 Jan Thursday 09.00 Completing data plotting14.00 Closing
27 Jan Friday 09.45 Depart Tarawa ( Departure delayed until Monday, 30January, due to non-serviceable Air Marshall's plane)
Participants
Tiaon T. Kabaua
Rabunataai Tekaai
Andrew S. Teeu
Erene Nikora
Rine Ueara
Tererei Abete
Mapuola losua
Baranika Etuati
Naomi Biribo
Tebutunga Ereata
Riteri Kiboi
Assistant Civil Engineer, PWD
Clerk, Betio Town Council
Assistant Environment Coordinator, Environment Unit, MENRD
Chief Surveyor, Lands and Survey Division
Clerk, Teinainano Urban Council
Environment Coordinator, MENRD
Civil Superintendent (Outer Islands), PWD
Observer
Minerals Officer, MENRD
Assistant Surveyor, Lands and Survey Division
Senior Survey Assistant, Lands and Survey Division
RESULTS
The data for the ten profiles surveyed for the first time is presented in the Appendix, together with
a general location map and detailed site sketches showing the location of each of the base
stations. The map/sketches are drawn using Coral Draw software and the profile survey data
stored and plotted using Excel software.
For the purpose of the training carried out, the participants were split into two groups, each group
surveyed each of the ten profiles. All the data from each group appears in the Appendix.
[LR77 - Howorth & Woodward]
[7]
Each group used a separate set of survey equipment including level. The levels were each
checked for horizontality before commencing. Nonetheless, some of the profile data shows
divergence at distances of 30-50 metres from the base station. There is no overall consistency to
indicate that either of the levels was reading faulty at distance. In the event both sets of data are
reported.
•
[LR77 - Howorth & Woodward]
[8]
APPENDIX
[LRn - Howorth & Woodward]
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LOCATION DIAGRAMBLP 37
North
Lagoon
Beach covered with loose gravel
fence
OTINTAAIHotel Complex
1040
9.67 m
fence
Main road Bikeinbeu
Not to scale
BLP 37 23 Jan 1995
Location: Concrete wall NW corner of hotel complex.Description: HD and VD is the NW corner tip of a concrete wall facing the lagoon.VD also 104 degrees, 9.67m from blue tiled verandah of hotel.Profile is on line with western fence of hotel bearing 340 degrees
LOCATION DIAGRAMBLP 38 North
3440
Lagoon
Sand
HD and VDUT 216 Cemented beach rock - visible erosion
Pig pens
~t~
Main road
D
Not to scale
BlP 38 24 Jan 1995Location: UT 216 situated adjacent to the 4th Government house from the Public bar and store.Description: Survey mark UT 216 (concrete with brass bolt in centre) close to HWM.
Profile in line with the eastern side of Governement house bearing 344 degrees.
NorthLOCATION DIAGRAM
BlP 393230
Sand to fenceline
fence
ILagoon
fence tank [QJ VO
I I
HO
KPCCompound
Cultural Centre
I//I-AMAK CompoundIL_ _ I Office
---~
Main road Tantlslab
VO NE cornerNot to scale
BLP 39 243 Jan 1995
location: Within AMAK and Cultural centres, Bikenibeu.Description: HD is the intersection of the fence separating AMAK and Cultural centre with the fenceenclosing the two compounds on the northern side.VD is the NE corner of the rainwater tank concrete slab.Profile is in line with the fence between AMAK and the Cultural centre bearing 323 degrees.
LOCATION DIAGRAMBLP 40
3410
Dredged area
I
seawall
North
Lagoon
old seawallfence
o HD20 m
Main road
BLP40Location: Adjacent to Marist Brothers site BikeinbeuDescription: HD 20m from a mark 6.7m at 64 degrees from a concrete power box and in linewith the hedge enclosing local houses.
VD at very end of concrete seawall (may be covered by sand). Profile in line with the hedgebearing 341 degrees.
:::D::----------::~~:.:-;::::~~~~:~:::::::::::::II 6.7m
Bikeinbeu village~ ~onc. Local housespower box
Marist BrothersCompound
VD
___ fe_n_ce l_ I15.7m
Not to scale
LOCATION DIAGRAMBLP 41
°l5° North
seawall
Incompleteseawall
Lagoon
VD____ I __~<ll'--5.-6-0m--'· 0 HD
Tamakai's housingarea
Main road
22mconcretefoundation
onlt two coconutsin vicinity
Not to scale
BLP 41 25 Jan 1995
Location: At the road bend next to Tamakai's area, Bikenibeu east lagoonDescription: HD is 5.60m from the NE corner of concrete foundation measured online with thenorthern side of building and 22m from the tallest ot the two coconut trees.VD is the NE corner of concrete foundation. Profile is in line with HD and the coconut treebearing 025 degrees.
LOCATION DIAGRAMBLP 42 1800
North
Bikeinbeu -7
Machenzie Point
VO 0'" 4m!ZHO 1000
~ coconut trees ~xx
~ '\ fence
\,--,----------;-;~_==_;;r_;;:=.___--------~----un aved road
6 coconut treesin line
Local houses
Not to scale
BLP 42 25 Jan 1995
Location: Ocean side west of permanent fenced house at Machenzie point.Description: HD and VD are 4m, 100 degrees from a concrete survey beacon(CK ) placed flush in ground north of (itai) tree.Profile bears 180 degrees.
LOCATION DIAGRAM
BLP 43 North
Bangita Store
<E- EBS compound unpaved road Machenzie point <--»
\sed concrete floor
,.----------T-1 0 wate r tanks
B 2u 0
HD VD
SCemetry
Not to scale
\ concrete door step
BLP 43 25 Jan 1995
Locatiuon: Ocean side, government house (B2u) next to cemetry.Description: HD is corner of brick. VD corner of concrete floor at top of small step.
Profile is in line with eastern wall of the house, bearing 172 degrees.
LOCATION DIAGRAMBLP,,44
North
/
EBS Compound
"""""""""""
concrete doorstep footing
~VD fence
HD ,)---------.---------.--.----..-.-.------.-- -..- .
Not to scale
BLP 44 25 Jan 1995
Location: Ocean side at western fence boundary of EBS compoundDescription: HD corner of fence enclosing EBS compound.VD the southern most corner of C13u concrete door step footing.Profile in line with western side fence of EBS compound bearing 160 degrees.
LOCATION DIAGRAMBLP 45
North
Public Library Chaplins res
Double storey classroom block
seawallfilled areaI
Not to scale
BLP 45 25 Jan 1995
Location: Ocean side, KGV and EBS classroom compoundDescription: HO, SW corner of double storey block. VD, on cone floor in center of doorway ofChaplins house.Profile in line with western side of classroom block bearing 155 degrees.
North
LOCATIO DIAGRAMBLP 46
I Former central hospital
uII
watercistern D
watercistern VD HD
1490
Not to scale
BLP 46Location: Ocean side, abandoned Central Hospital siteDescription: HD and VD, corner of wall of the most western abandonded ward.Profile in line with eastern wall of ward, bearing 149 degrees.
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