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Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

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Legal Framework for Digital Content Prof. dr. Mindaugas Kiškis Mykolas Romeris university
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Page 1: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

Legal  Framework  for  Digital  Content  

Prof.  dr.  Mindaugas  Kiškis  Mykolas  Romeris  

university  

Page 2: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

Three  dimensions  of  the  Digital  Content  

 Legal  –  legal  framework  

Economic  –  business  models  

Technological  –  delivery  

plaEorms  and  formats  

Page 3: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

TradiFonal  Content  

• TV  &  Radio  • Print  media  • Audio/Video  on  physical  media  (CDs,  DVDs,  etc.)    • SoOware  ?  

Page 4: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

Main  features  of  the  tradiFonal  content  

•  Local  –  geographically  limited  distribuFon  •  Physically  fixed  –  TV  can  be  seen  only  on  TV  box;  •  Single-­‐plaEorm  –  CD  can  be  played  on  a  CD  player,  but  not  on  smartphone.  •  TradiFonal  business  models  (hardcover  à  paperback;  cinema  à  DVD  àTV)  

 

Page 5: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

Ways  in  which  tradiFonal  content  is  regulated  

•  BroadcasFng  and  spectrum  regulaFons  •  Intellectual  property  regulaFons  (licensing,  collecFve  administraFon...)  

•  Media  regulaFons  and  media  licenses  •  Cultural/ethical  regulaFons  (naFonal  content  requirements,  explicit  content)  

•  AdverFsing  regulaFons  •  Consumer  protecFon  (pay  TV  and  pay-­‐per-­‐view,  and  other  added  value  services)  

 

Page 6: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

Technological  development  

•  Technology  enabled:  – Add-­‐on  digital  (cable  and  telecom  content  services)  – New  models  (internet/cloud  based  digital  content)  

• Hardware  in  many  ways  ahead  of  the  content  availability  

   

Page 7: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

Digital  content    

•  Inherently  global,  inherently  mulFplaEorm,  inherently  fluid  •  EnFrely  new  forms  of  content  creaFon  and  distribuFon  • New  ways  of  consumpFon  (ad  free,  binge  viewing,  over  the  air  TV  streaming  to  the  internet)  •  Fully  two  way  interacFve    

Page 8: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

Trends  of  the  digital  content  

• App  stores  –  digital  supermarkets  for  all  kinds  of  content  (soOware,  music,  ebooks,  video)  • NeElix,  Hulu,  SpoFfy,  Xbox  Live,  etc.  –  digital  bouFques  for  some  types  of  content  

Page 9: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

Original  content  is  increasingly  being  produced  by  the  plaEorms  

Page 10: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

Subsidised  hardware  

Page 11: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

Simultaneous  mulF-­‐plaEorm  consumpFon  

Page 12: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

Bespoke  content  for  individual  consumer  

   

Page 13: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

TradiFonal  vs.  digital  content  •  Digital  content  is  overtaking  the  tradiFonal  content  faster  

than  ever,  but  not  evenly  in  all  areas  •  Lack  of  compeFFon  for  the  tradiFonal  content  –  higher  prices  

and  lesser  quality  •  Consumers  are  finding  ways  to  access  and  consume  digital  

content  •  Cyberspace  whether  we  want  it  or  not  is  the  instant  global  

marketplace  -­‐  if  no  legal  sources  are  available,  illegal  sources  take  over  instantly  

•  Unexpected  compeFFon  (all  content  competes  for  our  Fme  –  thus,  ads  on  the  internet  compete  with  TV  ads)  

 

Page 14: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

Novel  risks  of  digital  content  

•  Intellectual  property  infringement  • DRM  – Unjust  restricFons  on  consumers  – New  ways  to  restrict  compeFFon  

•  Privacy      

Page 15: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

Legal  framework  for  content  

•  Based  on  the  tradiFonal  rules  of  the  copyright  law,  contract  law,  product  law,  advertsing  law  and  consumer  law  

•  NaFonal  jurisdicFon  based  •  Strictly  naFonal  language    •  NaFonal  collecFng  socieFes  for  licensing  •  High  compliance  and  market  entry  costs  •  28  different  regimes  in  the  EU  alone      

Page 16: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

This  leads  to  digital  content  delays/absence  in  smaller  markets  

•  Itunes  in  LT  only  in  2011  • SpoFfy  in  LT  only  in  2013  and  limited  • NeElix,  etc.  –  never  ?      

Page 17: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

Consequences  of  delays/absence  •  New  content  is  late  (late  culture  =  late  innovaFon)  •  Consumers  are  finding  ways  to  access  and  consume  digital  content  (giO  cards,  proxy  servers,  illegal  sources,  etc.)  

•  LegiFmate  sources  enter  grey  area  (serving  cross  border,  although  not  licensed,  not  complying  with  local  adverFsing,  language  and  consumer  regulaFons)  

•  Limited  compeFFon  for  the  tradiFonal  content,  resulFng  in  higher  prices  and  lesser  quality  

   

Page 18: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

Can  we  correct  for  this  through  regulaFon?  

•   We  parFally  can  • Full  correcFon  only  possible  only  through  combinaFon  with  new  economic  models  and  enabing  technologies  

Page 19: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

Designing  the  legal  regime  for  the  digital  content  

InternaFonal  level  

SupranaFonal  level  –  the  EU  

NaFonal  level  

Page 20: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

InternaFonal  level  

• AddiFonal  protocol  of  the  Cybercrime  ConvenFon  • Movement  towards  unified  principles  of  the  freedom  of  speech/expression  

Page 21: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

SupranaFonal  level  •  Single  EU  Market  for  the  digital  content  shall  be  the  

underlying  principle  –  currently  content  industries  are  in  many  way  exempt  from  Single  Market  

•  Single  market  needs  single  jurisdicFon  and  single  compliance  mechanism  

•  The  EU  jurisdicFon  may  be  an  opFon,  but  it  will  take  too  long  •  Instead  we  shall  adopt  reciprocal  compliance  principle  •  If  legal  compliance  is  achieved  in  one  EU  country,  it  shall  be  

accepted  as  sufficient  in  the  other  countries  (US  model  ?)    •  The  providers  shall  be  disallowed  to  distribute  content  based  

on  country  exclusivity  

Page 22: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

Current  EU  inFFaFves  

• EU  rights  management  direcFve  – DraO  presented  in  2012  – Vastly  inadequate  

• Personal  data  regulaFon  – Ignoring  digital  content  needs  

• No  comprehensive  regulaFon  

Page 23: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

NaFonal  level  

• We  have  to  recognize  the  limits  of  naFonal  regulaFon  (not  possible  to  control  technology  and  cross-­‐border  access)  • OverregulaFon  results  in  expatriaFon  •  The  law  shall  no  unjustly  protect  incumbents  

Page 24: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

NaFonal  level  •  We  have  to  rely  more  on  the  freedom  of  agreement  is  some  areas,  but  limit  the  freedom  in  other  areas  

•  ProacFvely  addressing  the  compliance/bureaucracy  Fme  and  expense  

•  PrevenFng  anFcompeFFve  behavior  (country  exclusivity  in  the  Single  market)  

•  Consumers  shall  have  the  freedom  to  accept  content  in  the  foreign  language  (not  the  language  of  the  content,  but  the  legal  language)  

   

Page 25: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

Why  proacFve  regulaFon  on  digital  content  is  necessary  and  urgent  

•  Lost  (pirate)  generaFon  in  smaller  countries/markets  •  Lost  investment/advantage  in  broadband/fiber  •  Cultural  diversity  • More  compeFFon  –  bejer  value  and  quality  •  New  opportuniFes  for  naFonal  content  

Page 26: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

Thank  you  for  your  ajenFon  !  

[email protected]  


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