Kitakyushu Initiative Network Meeting Summary Thematic ... · 3 5th Kitakyushu Initiative Network...

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Institute for Global Environmental Strategies （IGES)

5th Kitakyushu Initiative Network MeetingSummary of Thematic Sessions (A‐E)Good Practices Replication Models

Kitakyushu Initiative for a Clean Environment

Good Practices Replication Models

Day 2

Rihga Royal Hotel, Kitakyushu, Japan

Toshizo Maeda, IGES Kitakyushu Office

5th Kitakyushu Initiative Network Meeting

Summary of Session A (Sanitation & Low‐Cost Wastewater Management)

1. High potential for adoption and replication in the region: • A number of promising models and good practices available

Highlighted: SANIMAS community‐based sanitation systems (Indonesia), Septage management(Nonthaburi), BOT model (Weihai, China), river management in Korea, water supply in Cambodia

• Decentralized systems: affordable, effective and low operation costs

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp Kitakyushu Initiative for a Clean Environment http://kitakyushu.iges.or.jp/ 2

• Seed money and operation costs still required (user fees collection)

2. Success factors and recommendations• Cooperation and participation among local/provincial and central governments, develop capacity for replication

• Effective governance,, political commitment and leadership, precautionary approach, public awareness

• Infrastructure development, finance, economic benefits

• Technical assistance

•


Summary of Session B (Municipal Solid Waste Management)

1. Proven effective models that can be replicated

• Larger benefits expected with more support

Highlighted: Surabaya model replicated in Bago, Cebu, Bangkok, Sibu; and Sto. Tomas model

• Build upon existing momentum, catalyze further replication in th iti d t i


other cities and countries

2. Success factors and recommendations

• External agencies: Work with cities with high potential

• Local governments: Enlist support of all stakeholders – NGOs, community groups, private sector, media

• Central governments: Institutionalize improvement of waste management through nation‐wide policy, replicate local models


Summary of Session C (Improvement of WM and Final Disposal Sites)

1. Huge demand for improvement of final disposal sites

• Some less expensive systems/models available for systematic application and replication:

Highlighted: Fukuoka method adapted in Dhaka, Kathmandu, San Fernando sanitary landfill

• Most existing sites can be retrofitted to a certain extent


• Most existing sites can be retrofitted to a certain extent


• Financial sustainability: waste disposal systems are expensive; charges to users are necessary to lengthen landfill lifespan

• Long‐term solution: Active waste diversion more important –composting, 3Rs with innovative participatory approach and regulation (case of Ooki town and Ube city)


Summary of Session D (Energy and Air Quality)

1. City infrastructure design has considerable long term implications energy use and air pollution issues.

2. Due to considerable losses across the energy supply chain,

Presented cases: Case studies of energy efficiency in buildings (Tajikistan, Malaysia, Thailand, China and India); air pollution (Philippines)


implementing end‐use energy efficiency can result in massive savings in primary energy not needed at the power station.

3. Key Points• Political will and strong partnerships are important in tackling these

challenges.

• There are many options to overcome these barriers, if municipalities are serious about taking responsibility to implement initiatives.


Summary of Session E (Long‐term City Vision on Development & Env.)

1. Long‐term planning and strong vision are important for realizing environmentally sustainable cities

• Based on clear vision, clear and measurable goals are set and supported by policy

Higlighted: Puerto Princesa, Ulsan, Yokohama,Kyoto, Kitakyushu, Minamata etc


• Implementation guided by goals with collective efforts of all levels of society, respecting local features and traditional culture


• Local governments with Strong political will, long‐term vision and aggressive public education

• Public participation in decision‐making process

• Cooperation with private sector

• Multi‐sectoral approach

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Replication Models of Good Practices

1. Replication is complex and does not happen automatically

•Implementation of pilot projects and sharing knowledge on best practices were insufficient (1st cycle)

• Many projects remain singular events without further replication. Why?



Replication Models of Good Practices

1. Surabaya’s WM model was successfully replicated in 2nd Cycle1. Household‐based composting practice was developed and disseminated

from Pusdakota to other NGOs

2. City government scaled‐up composting with collaboration of others: PKK, NGOs, private sector, media;


3. New composting centres were set up in the city

4. Surabaya’s model was replicated in Philippines , Thailand and so forth with facilitation by KI programme and others

5. Cities independently assisted others cities to replicate (self‐replicating)

2. Several replication models derived from Surabaya’s case and other successful programmes studied by KI secretariat

3. Key factor – the ‘inter‐mediator’ as main driving force


Spread of Surabaya’s model to 4 other Countries

SurabayaBago Lalitpur

Cebu Puerto

Princesa

TalisayINDONESIA

PHILIPPINES NEPAL


Bangkok

Sibu

Cavite

Sankamphaeng

Sri Lacha

Semarang

Medan

Makassar

Palembang

Central Jakarta

Balikpapan

Tarakan

MALAYSIATHAILAND

Kuala Lumpur


Starting a model in Surabaya, Indonesia (photo courtesy of KITA)


Waste composition survey Shredding of waste Mixing with seed compost

Temperature measurement Fermentation and pH testsExplaining how to use baskets

to residents


Pusdakota’s activities

Segregated waste collection


g g

from the community Fermentation

Household compost basket Selling compost Green streets using compost

Shredding at the composting centre


(4) Achievements following KITA’s facilitation(photo courtesy of KITA)


PUSDAKOTA’s compost centre: before and after KITA’s intervention

3


(4) Activities of PKK (a women’s group)and Environmental Cadres

Program pokok ke-9KELESTARIAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP

Organic-unorganic waste sorting VICE CHAIRMAN OF PKK DIRECTLY GIVING TRAINING

9th main programENVIRONMENT PRESERVATION

Recycling trainings

Turn waste into blessing

9th main programENVIRONMENT PRESERVATION

Explaining how to use


ENVIRONMENT PRESERVATION

(Photo courtesy of PKK Surabaya (top row) and Environmental Cadre of Tegalsari, Surabaya (bottom row)

Waste segregation training

p g

compost baskets Manufacturing bags from waste

Meeting of Environmental Cadres Activities of Environmental Cadres Environmental Event


Composting and its positive impacts in Surabaya(Photos cited from “Sparking Parks in Surabaya”, Cleansing Department, Surabaya City, 2008)


Parks became greener using compost Streets became greener using compost

Bratang Compost Centre Sonokwijenan Compost Centre Keputran Compost Centre


Community and Private Sector Involvement

Green streetsCampaign sponsors

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp Kitakyushu Initiative for a Clean Environment http://kitakyushu.iges.or.jp/

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Award winning community

Award winning housewives group

Entrance to a community

Products made from waste


Replication in five cities, Indonesia


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Central Jakarta City

Tarakan City

Makassar City Palembang City

Balikpapan City


Main stakeholders

Surabaya CityCleansing Dept. Kitakyushu City

KITA

Local GovernmentExternal agency

City‐to‐city cooperation

Supports for

Operating 12 composting centresCatalytic role

Distribution of compost baskets

Surabaya City

Figure‐13 Roles and relationships of key stakeholders in Surabaya who promoted composting practices

3. Operation of composting centres

Purchase of compost baskets

5 “Green & Clean” Campaign


Unilever (Uli Peduli) & Java Post

Other NGOsCadres Pusdakota

Environmental Cadre system (28,000 Cadres)

Supports forcampaigns

PKK

NGO/CBO

Purchase of compost baskets

“Green & Clean Campaign”Community‐based SWM

Running a community compost centreProvide composting trainings (over 80 times)

Technical cooperationDev. of compost method

Private sector

1. Development of

composting methods

2. Operation of a composting centre

Provision of compost baskets

Provision of composting trainings4. Distribution of compost baskets

Environmental education (Socialisation)

5. Green & Clean Campaign

Competition among communities


1) Replication by NGOs

Pusdakota

NGOCommunity

group

NGO

NGO

Inter‐mediator


Pusdakota

Pagtambayayong Foundation NGO

City boundary

Community group

1. Training provided to others became source of NGO’s revenue2. Common feature: Strong mandate and high motivation to spread good

practices beyond their operating borders3. Win-win situation for NGOs and KI programme

4


2) Scaling up by local governments ‐1

Pusdakota

Pagtambayayong Foundation

Pusdakota’scomposting

centreComposting

centre

Surabaya City

Government

Composting centre

Composting centre

Inter‐mediator


1. City government engaged others to distribute thousands of compost baskets for household use

2. New composting centres were set up

City boundary

Composting centre


2) Scaling up by local governments ‐2

Pusdakota


Use of compost baskets at h h ld

Surabaya City Government

Financial and political supports

Community group

Community group

Community environmental

PKK (women’s group) and

Private companies and the media

Support for the community cleanup campaign


1. Community cleaning campaigns were organized with the support of private sector and media

2. Similarly observed in Bago city in Philippines and Bangkok, Thailand

households

City boundary

Community group

A community in which where Pustakota is located

Community group

environmental leaders

group) and other NGOs


3) City‐to‐city & through inter‐city network ‐1

Indonesia

Sri LachaFinancial supports

Bangkok

SemarangKitakyushu City

JICA’s Grassroots Grant

CLAIR

Japan Fund for Global Environmental

Sankamphhaeng

Malaysia Nepal

ThailandUNESCAP

JICA Malaysia Office JICA Nepal Office


Pusdakota


Surabaya’s solid waste management

model

City

KITA

Kitakyushu Initiative

ProgrammeCentral Jakarta

Bago

Cebu

Talisay

Cavite

Puerto Princesa

Kuala Lumpur

Lalitpur

JICA Indonesia Office

Tarakan

Balikpapan

Sibu

Palembang

Medan

Makassar

Philippines

Nepal

APFED

Composting practices


3) City‐to‐city (Case of Sto. Tomas Municipality)

Local government

Sto. Tomas

NSWMCPolitical support

Local government

Technical assistance


1. Sto. Tomas successful waste reduction strategy was highlighted by a national agency and replicated in more than 20 cities in the Mindanao region

2. The municipality charges for technical training and supervision

3. City‐to‐city replication without relying on external financial support (ideal)

City boundary

Municipality

Local government

Service fee


4) Replication by External Organisations ‐1

Local government

Pilot projectTechnical and financial

assistance

Replication


Donor

Local government

Pilot project

Replication



Local government

Technical and financial assistance

Local government

Replication

Provincial

Provincial boundary


Donor

Local government

gReplicationgovernment

Local government

Pilot project Replication

Replication

Replication of good practices by a provincial government assisted by a donor

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LINAW / PSA Local government

Technical and financial assistance Muntinlupa

City

San Fernando City

Manjuyod City

Replicated project

Pilot project

Dumaguete City

Pilot project

Financial support by donors


Replication of low‐cost wastewater treatment systems by LINAW/PSA (Philippines)

Programme

Local government

government

Capacity building

PSA programme

(2007 – 2010)

10 cities and 2 Water Districts

Pilot project

Replicated project

Capacity building

Local government

Capacity building

LINAW programme(2003 – 2006)

4 cities


5) Replication by Central Governments

BORDA

NGO

Local government

Technical and financial assistance

Pilot project

Local governmentMinistry

of Public Works

NGOPilot project

Local government

Local government

Local government

Local government

Replicated project

Replicated project

Replicated project

Replicated project

Financial support donors


Scaling up of pilot projects by the central government

(SANIMAS programme under the Ministry of Public Works (PU), Indonesia)

30 pilot projects by BORDA (2000 – 2006)

More than 300 replicated projects under the SANIMAS programme by the Ministry

of Public Works (PU) (2007‐2009)

Works (PU)

NGO

NGO

Local government

Pilot project

Local government

Pilot project

government

Local government

Local government

Local government

p p j

Replicated project

Replicated project

Replicated project


Conclusions1. KI programme demonstrated actual replication

• Intentional selection of models/practices that are suitable for replication

• Features of replicability: Low cost, low tech, low maintenance, labour intensive, utilization of local resources


2. Replication models can be used to spread good practices in urban environmental management

• Many potential practices identified under KI programme

• Helpful for designing framework and guiding approaches for other inter‐city network programmes etc


Application in Bago, Philippines

Using mud‐press from sugarcane


Vermi composting

Changing to Takakura Method (2 weeks for fermenting)

3 months for processing

Household compost boxes and pots


Copied from Bago to Cebu, Philippines

2,000 baskets were distributed by Pagtambayayong (NGO)

Dump site is full


Seed compost is used under a shadeA small vegetable garden next to a make-shift hose

using compost made from kitchen waste


Copied from Bago to Talisay, Philippines


Day 1 Day 11

Composting Workshop in December, 2008 in Talisay

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Copied from Bago to Ternate, Cavite, Philippines


P i i i k h i TCavite

Participants in a work shop in Ternate, Cavite

A composting centre build by an NGO in Ternate, Cavite


Application in Bangkok, Thailand


Din Daeng composting centre

Checking the condition of a household compost baskets


Copied from Bangkok to Lalitpur, Nepal

Women’ s group preparing200 out of 600 household was200 out of 600 household was

trained after a workshop in

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp Kitakyushu Initiative for a Clean Environment http://kitakyushu.iges.or.jp/ 33p p

Composting Basket developed in Lalitpur

Women s group preparing seed compost Bangkok

trained after a workshop in Bangkok


Copied from Bangkok to Sibu and KL, Malaysia

Participants from 26 local authorities


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Workshop Training in Sibu& KL December 2009

RM70,000 (made in Australia)


Application of in Sibu, Malaysia


35Source: Sibu Municipal Council

p gComposting In Schools

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Kitakyushu Initiative Network Meeting Summary Thematic ... · 3 5th Kitakyushu Initiative Network...

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