Patterns of Heredity
Review
What disorder is shown?
• Klinefelter’s
23
What type of mutation causes klinefelter’s?
• nondisjunction
Baldness is a recessive trait that generally occurs ONLY in males. What mode of inheritance would
this be?
• Sex linked
The 23rd pair of chromosomes that differ in males and females are called ____________
• Sex chromosomes
List an example of a polygenic trait.
• Skin color• Hair color,
Which mutation would change the MOST amino acids that
make up a protein?
• Frameshift
Which mode of inheritance would the alleles for a trait be written
as superscripts on only the X chromosome
• Sex linked trait
Identify the disorder.
• Down’sSyndrome
What mode of inheritance shows a blending of a
trait?
Incomplete dominance
What is the sex of this individual?
• Female
Who determines the sex of a child?
Father
Identify the disorder.
• Turner’s Syndrome
G
What did Gregor Mendel use to conduct his
experiment?
Garden peas
List 2 environmental (external) factors that can influence gene expression?
• Temperature• Radiation• Light• Chemicals• Virus/Bacteria
Why do sex-linked traits occur more often in males than females?
•Males are missing the part of the Y
chromosomes that has these traits
______ is anything that can cause a mutation
Mutagen
What is an example of a sex-link trait?
•Hemophilia•Color-blindness•Baldness
__________ inheritance is where more then ONE
gene is controlling a trait
Polygenic inheritance
In a pedigree, how is death notated?
•A slash through the symbol
I.
II.
The following pedigree shows individuals with blue eyes. Blue
eyes are recessive to brown. What is the dad’s genotype?
• Bb
_____ is an abnormal number of chromosomes
Aneuploidy
Body chromosomes; pairs 1-22 are called _____
Autosomes
_____ is the failure of the homologous chromosomes to
separate during meiosis
Nondisjunction
_____ is a chart where the chromosomes are arranged in their homologous pairs
Karyotype
What would be an internal factor that can influence
gene expression?
Hormones
An individual with the genotype IA i for their
blood type would have what blood type?
A blood type
In a karyotype, chromosomes are matched according to ________, _______, and_____
•Size,•Banding Patterns,•Centromere location
How many autosomal chromosomes are present?
• 44
I.
II.
The following pedigree shows individuals with blue eyes. Blue eyes are recessive to
brown. What is the sex of their oldest kid?
• boy
_____ is a mutation that occurs when a segment of a chromosome breaks off and
is reinserted backwards
Inversion
____ mutation causes an error in DNA that adds or deletes a single base that causes all the following
amino acids to be affected
Frame shift mutation
What trait is an example of multiple alleles?
Blood Types
How many chromosomes does a human that has
Trisomy 21 have?
47
A normal male karyotype would contain ____ as the
sex chromosomes.
XY
Mutation that occurs when one chromosome of
a pair is missing is called _____
Monosomy
Give an example of a genotype that would represent a carrier
female
XBXb
When a chromosome breaks off & joins
another chromosome, this mutation is
called_____
Translocation
What type of inheritance has the phenotype of the heterozygous offspring showing BOTH traits of
the homozygous parents?
Codominance
What type of inheritance is shown when the trait occurs more frequently
in one sex than another?
Sex-Linked
Suppose you were looking at a pedigree and you saw an individual’s genotype was labeled “R?”. What does
that genotype represent?
Dominant phenotype. But, you do not know if the other
allele is dominant or recessive
What type of inheritance is exhibited when there
are more than 2 possible alleles for a certain trait
or phenotype?
Multiple alleles
A mother who is heterozygous for type A blood marries a
man who is homozygous for B blood. What are the blood genotypes of the children?
• 50% IAIB
• 50% IBi
In pedigrees, how are males and females
represented?
Males – squaresFemales - circles
What type of inheritance pattern would you use a prime (‘) to
notate the alternate form of an allele?
Incomplete dominance
What do the roman numerals represent that
are labeled on a pedigree?
Generation numbers
How many autosomes does a human have?
44 or 22 pairs
A normal female karyotype would contain
____ as the sex chromosomes.
XX
I.
II.
The following pedigree shows individuals with blue eyes. Blue
eyes are recessive to brown. What is the mom’s genotype?
• bb