ABOUT THIS MANUAL.............................................................................................................................. 2HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL...................................................................................................................... 2RETAILER & DISTRIBUTOR OBLIGATIONS ................................................................................................... 2
WON’T POWER UP (BOTH LEDS DEAD)...................................................................................................... 5POWERS UP BUT THEN DIES ..................................................................................................................... 6FUSE BLOWING...................................................................................................................................... 7PROBLEMS SWITCHING ON OR OFF VIA KAIRN ............................................................................................. 8
IMPORTANT INFORMATION REGARDING TRIP FAULTS – PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE FAULT FINDING ON TRIPFAULTS. ..............................................................................................................................................11ISOLATING THE FAULTY KLOUT BOARD.....................................................................................................11CHANNEL TRIPPING – WHERE FAULT IS ON MAIN AMPLIFIER BOARD – PCAS 160 ............................................12CHANNEL TRIPPING – WHERE FAULT IS ON PROTECTION (P IGGY-BACK ) BOARD – PCAS 161............................15CHANNEL TRIPPING – MISCELLANEOUS CAUSES. ........................................................................................17
LED DOES NOT ACT ‘NORMALLY’ AFTER KLOUT IS SWITCHED OFF................................................19
IMPORTANT INFORMATION REGARDING LED PATTERNS AFTER SWITCH OFF....................................................19LED NOT ACTING AS EXPECTED AFTER KLOUT IS SWITCHED OFF. .................................................................19
This manual is designed to help you as a Linn Retailer or Distributor to provide the best possible service foryour customer should a problem arise. It covers just about every fault that has ever occurred in the entirehistory of the Klout Power Amplifier, which was first introduced in June 1992.
If you have any suggestions or comments regarding this manual, please contact Paul O’Neill at LinnProducts Ltd: By E-mail [email protected]
By Phone ++44 (0) 141 303 5005
By Fax ++44 (0) 141 644 4262 Marked for attention of Paul O’Neill
How to use this manualThe main body of this manual, the fault table, is designed to be as quick and simple as possible to use whenyou are confronted with a faulty product and so it is arranged by fault symptom as the symptom is usually allthat you know about the fault.
Table of contents & fault symptoms
Look firstly at the table of contents and find the category that you covers the symptom you are seeing, thenlook down the list of faults in that section until you find the symptom or symptoms that best describe theproblem.
Circumstances
Then simply follow the table along – the table specifies circumstances surrounding the fault symptom – e.g.whether the fault is likely to be intermittent or constant, if the fault only occurs within a range of serialnumbers etc.
Possible causes
The next column details possible causes – this is effectively the most important section – probably thereason you are looking at this manual at all. There may be several possible causes for the symptom youhave – it is worth checking out all of these (maybe there is more than one fault). For some faults, simplechecks are detailed that you can use to rule out the problem without replacing any parts, whereas for otherfaults, the simplest way to rule out the problem is to replace the component(s) listed
Cure
Quite simply the action that you must take to cure the problem.
If you are unsure about the meaning of any words or phrases, look in the Glossary. (accessible via LinfoWebsite - Product Information)
Before embarking on any Service work, you should read the Service Procedures section (accessible viaLinfo Website - Product Information), as there are certain procedures that must be followed in order toensure the problem is resolved quickly and permanently.
Retailer & Distributor ObligationsLinn Specialist Retailers or Distributors are obliged to carry out the repairs in this manual under the terms ofthe contract & warranty agreements. You should return a faulty product to Linn for repair, only if the fault isnot covered in this Service Manual. If a product, which is under warranty, is returned to Linn for repair andthe fault is covered in the service manual, Linn may levy a charge and this charge should not be passed tothe customer.
This appliance must be earthed – both for Safety and functional reasons.
Lethal Voltages
Inside the Klout, lethal voltages are present – do not touch any part of the circuitry with any part of your bodyor with metallic or conductive objects. Avoid especially the area around the mains inlet and its connectors.
The Klout audio boards contain a bank of large, powerful capacitors, which can store a lethal voltage for aconsiderable length of time after the unit is switched off. Be very careful when working on the internals of theKlout.
Installation InstructionsUnpacking
Take great care when handling the Klout as it weighs 11Kg – take care to avoid damaging yourself, the Kloutor anything else.
Unpack the product & retain the packing for future transportation.
As a Linn retailer, you are responsible for ensuring correct installation of the product. Consult the usermanual and read the Placement & Handling information below.
PlacementLocation & Environment
Avoid location near electronic products that may transmit RF, such as microcomputers, fax machines, TVsetc, or connect it to the same mains socket as these devices. Also avoid close contact with the mains orsignal leads of such products – careful routing of the cable may be required.
Although the Klout can usually be stacked along with other products with no problem, it is better if possible tokeep it apart from other products to prevent its operation being adversely affected by the heat and strongelectrical field emitted by some products. This is preferable also, in order to prevent the heat & electrical fieldwhich unavoidably emanate from a product as powerful as the Klout from adversely affecting any otherproducts.
As the Klout must, at times dissipate a considerable amount of heat, allow adequate ventilation and spacearound the unit to allow sufficient air-flow to ventilate the Klout, especially when it is working hard (playingloud).
Avoid locations that have high humidity.
Avoid locations where there is a lot of dust.
Handling & general maintenance.
No standard maintenance is required, except periodically re-inserting the connectors to improve contact.
Always handle the Klout with great care.
Always turn off the Klout before connecting or disconnecting any plugs to/from the sockets at the back of theunit.
Wait at least 10 seconds after switching off the unit before unplugging anything from the back of the Klout toavoid damage to the speakers.
If you are carrying out any work on the Klout with its’ sleeve removed, ALWAYS take anti-static precautionsas tiny static discharges from your body, which you may be completely unaware of, can damage electroniccircuitry and cause major problems. Anti-static earth mats & wrist straps must be used when handling any ofthe circuit boards or any spare parts.
Power-up problemsThe following are some problems you may encounter when you power up the Klout.
Won’t Power up (both LEDsdead)
Symptom Circumstances Possible Cause(s) Cure
Won’t power up. Constant Fuse blown in unit and/or inmains plug.
Replace fuse(s) with correctvalue & type.
Fuse in mains lead should be 5A.
Fuse in Klout should be “SlowBlow” – look for a ‘T’ before therating on the fuse. Correct type is:
220-240V - 3.15A100-120V - 6.3A
Won’t power up May be intermittent Mains lead faulty Replace faulty mains lead.
Won’t power up Most likely tohappen aftervoltage selectoradjusted
Probably constant
Mains voltage selector hasnot clicked into place afteradjustment and is not set toany voltage.
Click selector into position.
Won’t power up Probablyintermittent –tapping or bumpingthe unit makes faultcome & go
Bad connection either insideor outside the unit.
Find and eradicate badconnection. It may be somethingas simple as a connector notpushed fully home and may beeasily visible. If fault isintermittent, see Introduction toFault Finding section (paragraphon intermittent faults - accessiblevia Linfo Website - ProductInformation). If fault is notintermittent, it may be possible totrace the fault – again seeIntroduction to Fault Finding –Substitution & Isolation
Won’t power up May be intermittent,much more likely tobe constant.
Wrong mains voltage forKlout setting – mains voltageis too low. (e.g. 240V Kloutbeing used with 115V mainssupply.)
Check voltage rating at rear ofKlout. If wrong, adjust to correctmains setting.
Transformer faulty or control(relay) board faulty.
Substitute a known goodtransformer or control boardto see which is faulty.
Replace transformer or controlboard.
Powers up but then diesSymptom Circumstances Possible Cause(s) Cure
Unit diesintermittently orstops working fora while.
At any time Mains voltage dropping toolow for Klout to functioncorrectly (known as ‘Brownouts’ as these voltage dropsalso sometimes cause thelights to dim.)
Consult an electrician or yourpower company.
Powers up butthen dies – mayswitch off & onrandomly
May be intermittent,much more likely tobe constant.
Wrong mains voltage forKlout setting – mains voltageis too low. (e.g. 240V Kloutbeing used with 115V mainssupply.)
Check voltage rating at rear ofKlout. If wrong, adjust to correctmains setting.
Powers up butthen dies.
Probablyintermittent –tapping or bumpingthe unit makes faultcome & go
Bad connection either insideor outside (mains lead) theunit.
Find and eradicate badconnection. It may be somethingas simple as a connector notpushed fully home and may beeasily visible. If fault isintermittent, see Introduction toFault Finding section (paragraphon intermittent faults - accessiblevia Linfo Website - ProductInformation). If fault is notintermittent, it may be possible totrace the fault – again seeIntroduction to Fault Finding –Substitution & Isolation
Klout transformer containsthermal protection circuitry. Ifthe Klout gets too hot, thetransformer shuts down (i.e.supplies no power to the restof the amp) and the amp willswitch off completely.
Allow the Klout to cool down - thetransformer will automaticallyreset and the Klout will worknormally.
If this happens constantly, it couldbe that there is insufficientventilation, the transformer isfaulty or the Klout is being drivenharder than it is safely able toaccept.
Try increasing ventilation aroundthe Klout, try the Klout in adifferent system, try anothertransformer – if condition persistsafter these 3 changes then theKlout is simply being driven muchharder than it was designed tobe.
Fuse blowingSymptom Circumstances Possible Cause(s) Cure
Fuse blowing May be intermittent Wrong type of fuse fitted Replace fuse(s) with correctvalue & type.
Fuse in mains lead should be 5A.
Fuse in Klout should be “SlowBlow” – look for a ‘T’ before therating on the fuse. Correct type is:
220-240V - 3.15A100-120V - 6.3A
Fuse blowing May be intermittent Mains surges Consult an electrician or yourpower company.
Fuse blowing Probably constant Wrong mains voltage forKlout voltage setting - mainsvoltage is too high, e.g. Kloutset to 115V connected to230V mains.
Perhaps mains selector is atcorrect voltage setting buthas not clicked into placecorrectly.
Replace blown fuse & adjustvoltage to correct setting.
Fuse blowing Probably constant One of the Bridge rectifierdiodes on one of the audioboards has gone short circuit(or low impedance).
To check:
Power down,remove top cover,replace fuse if blown,disconnect transformer fromone channel and power up. Iffuse blows, reconnect & tryother channel,Once you know whichchannel is faulty, measureacross D6, D7, D8 & D9 onthat channel.If okay, they should measurearound 700 or 800Kohms inboth directions.If faulty, it will measure a lotless (perhaps 7 or 8 ohms)
Replace the faulty diode – Linnpart no for all 4 diodes is:MISS 010
Fuse Blowing Intermittent
Only happens ifKlout is switchedon, off, on, off afew times
If Klout is switched on, off, onetc too quickly, the inrushlimiter does not have time torecover & this can blow thefuse.
Klout is not faulty – no repair isnecessary or possible
Fast switch off, on etc should beavoided.
Fuse Blowing May be intermittent
All the above ‘Fuseblowing’ faults havebeen ruled out.
Transformer faulty or control(relay) board faulty.
Power down, try unpluggingthe transformer connector tothe control board.If the fuse continues to blow,suspect control board faulty.If disconnecting this leadfixes it, suspect transformerfaulty.
When severalKlouts areconnected toKairn, one - orsome - or allKlouts do notswitch on or offvia Kairn
Probably constant,but may beintermittent
When Several Klouts areconnected in series to aKairn and one Klout has afault in the ‘standby’ circuit,any Klouts after the faultyunit in the series may notswitch on/off with certainfaults
With other faults, the faultyKlout drains the current fromthe Kairn & no Klouts canswitch on/off.
Isolate the faulty Klout byremoving units from the chainone at a time until you isolate theKlout which is causing theproblem.
Alternatively, plug the Klouts intothe Kairn one at a time (simplyswitching off the Klouts will notwork) while measuring the +10Vsupply at the Kairn ‘remote in’socket. The voltage should rise to>10V. If one Klout causes thevoltage to fall below +10V, this ismost likely to be the cause.
The fault in that Klout willprobably be caused by one of thefaults in this section – see thefaults listed above & below.
Takes a long timeto power up viaKairn
Constant
Several Klouts areconnected to Kairn.
The more Klouts connectedto a Kairn, the longer it takesfor the Klouts to switch on aseach Klout draws currentfrom the Kairn.
No cure is necessary or possible.
Won’t switch onor off via Kairn
May be intermittent
Powers up okaywhen switched onnormally
Kairn is faulty.
Kairn must supply around+10V to the Klout to power itup.
All the above ‘Won’tpower up via Kairn’faults have beenruled out.
Remote cable inside Kloutfaulty, wrongly wired orwrongly connected. This isthe cable which connects P7on the small board whichholds the ‘Remote in/out’sockets (at rear of Klout) tothe control/relay board –PCAS 159 - connectormarked ‘Remote’
Check the wiring of this cableagainst that of another workingKlout. Make sure it is wiredcorrectly, is properly connected(no bad connections), notbackwards etc.
Won’t switch onor off via Kairn
May be intermittent
Powers up okaywhen switched onnormally
All the above ‘Won’tpower up via Kairn’faults have beenruled out.
Protection (or Tripping) ProblemsImportant information regarding Trip faults – please read this before fault finding onTrip faults.
The following are some problems you may encounter with regards to the Klout going into protection, i.e. theaffected channel shuts down (usually but not always, the LED indicates a Trip condition by going from greento red). ‘Protection’ is also referred to as ‘Trip’
The Klout’s protection circuitry is very sophisticated and very sensitive. There are several different conditionsthat can cause the Klout channel(s) to trip including: Over-temperature, over-current, under-voltage etc.
Be aware that the Klout usually trips for a very good reason & is indicating the presence of a situation that ispotentially harmful to the Klout, the speakers or some other aspect of the system. Most trip situations aregenuine and caused by a problem with the system, not the Klout. In this case you must isolate & remove thesource of the problem from the system – see Introduction to Fault Finding (accessible via Linfo Website -Product Information) for tips on how to do this. This manual deals only with Klout failures, not failures withother aspects of the system.
Occasionally however, there may be a tripping problem, which is caused by a fault in the Klout. If this is thecase, one of the boards in the Klout or possibly the transformer will contain the source of the problem. Youmust isolate the faulty board before proceeding with any fault finding from the tables below.Possibilities are: the main (amplifier) board, the protection (piggy back) board, the transformer or the Aktivcard (if fitted) – see ‘Isolating the Faulty Klout Board’ below or Introduction to Fault Finding section(accessible via Linfo Website - Product Information) for tips on how to isolate the faulty board.
The faults below are listed by board, i.e. all the faults on the Amplifier board are grouped together, samegoes for the piggy-back board etc. It is assumed in the table below that the fault is definitely inside the Klout(not somewhere else in the system) and the faulty board has been isolated. If you are not definitely sure thatthe fault is with the Klout, check the system again – you must isolate the fault before proceeding.
The trip circuit (especially if the Klout is faulty) can show a failure in a variety of ways – usually this involvesthe LED changing from green to red to green to red etc on the affected channel, but not always. Sometimesthe LED will go green/off/green/off; led may be permanently red or some other pattern. It is very difficult tonarrow LED patterns down to a specific failure as a single fault may cause a number of different LEDpatterns depending on the circumstances.
If a trip condition exists, electronic engineers or technicians will find it extremely difficult to fault find on theKlout in a conventional sense as the channel shuts down, so fault finding is not usually possible by normalmeans.
Isolating the Faulty Klout BoardIf a Klout channel is tripping or demonstrating a fault, you must first isolate the fault to a single board. On avery odd occasion, there may be more than one board faulty, but the same principles apply.
The simplest way of isolating the fault is to swap things over, i.e. swap the piggy-back board from the faultychannel to the good channel & vice-versa. Do the same with the transformer output cables. Be very carefulto connect the boards etc correctly, as incorrect connection can cause further damage. If the fault movesacross with the board or lead, then you know that you have the faulty part.
Sometimes the fault may disappear as you fault find, this indicates either an intermittent fault or that youhave inadvertently repaired the fault (maybe the fault was caused by something like a bad connection and bymoving things around, you have repaired it.)
See also the Introduction to Fault Finding section (accessible via Linfo Website - Product Information)which deals with this subject in much greater detail.
Channel tripping – wherefault is on main Amplifierboard – PCAS 160
Symptom LED status Circumstances Possible Cause(s) Cure
Channeltrips
Any LEDpattern ispossible
Probablyintermittent
Solder fault – dry joint orsolder splash.
Find & eradicate solder fault– see Introduction to FaultFinding section (accessiblevia Linfo Website - ProductInformation) for tips on howto do this
Channeltrips
Any LEDpattern ispossible
May be intermittent Broken component Find & replace brokencomponent – seeIntroduction to FaultFinding section (accessiblevia Linfo Website - ProductInformation) for tips on howto do this
LED dimsor dies
LED dims ordies (butdoes not turnred)
Amp works okayotherwise(continues to playokay, even whenLED fails)
May be intermittent
LED faulty or possiblyhas a poor solder joint(dry joint or soldersplash)
Repair soldering or replaceLED – Linn part no:MISS 592
Channeltrips
LED flashesgreen, red,green, redetc
Applies only toKlouts < ser/no:1800
May only happenafter Klout hasbeen playing musicfor a while or whenplaying music quiteloudly.
Unlikely to see thisfault any more –most Klouts of thisage have eitherbeen upgradedalready or do notrequire thisupgrade as theyare unaffected bythe problem (didnot affect all Klouts)
Old spec board causingproblem.
Board requires replacement– Linn part no:PCAS KLOUT/KIT
This part comprises of2 complete Klout channels(= 2 Main boards and 2Protection (piggy back)boards)The protection boards in anold Klout will also requireupgrade
Channel intrip
LED isconstantlyred
Probably constant Z3 or Z4 on PCAS 160faulty.
Replace Z3 and/or Z4 – Linnpart no: MISS 603 for bothparts
May onlyflash redbriefly(channelmutes) andthen play asnormal ormay flashcontinuously.
Probablyintermittent. Mayonly happenoccasionally or maybe much morefrequent.
May happen in avariety ofcircumstances. Thisfault is not stableand so it is difficultto attach it to onlyone mode of failure.
Q1 and Q2 aremismatched.
Measure voltage at pin 1of U3 while unit ispowered up – BECAREFUL. – lethalvoltages present. Itshould measurebetween –7V and 0V dc.If the measurement is< -7V or > 0V, Q1 & Q2are not well matched &should be replaced –then do themeasurement again
Replace Q1 & Q2 – Linn partno: TRAN 032 for both parts.
Channeltrips
Most likelythat LEDflashes red,green, red,green, etc
Probably constant
May also causedistortion on theoutput if thechannel is playing.
One of the drivertransistors: Q20, Q21,Q22, Q30, Q31, Q27,Q26 or Q25 faulty. Mostlikely to have an internalshort circuit (or very lowimpedance). Measureacross the junctions ofthese parts – alljunctions of alltransistors should havehigh impedance values(Kilohms or Megohms).A faulty transistor willprobably have a verylow impedance value(ohms or low Kohms) soshould be easy to spot.If unsure, compare to aknown working Kloutboard.
Bad solder joint at Q23and/or Q24 or thesecomponents are faulty.These are 2 of the largepower transistors,located under the metal‘H’ shaped plate. Theyare the main power-amptransistors for thechannel.
With unit switched off,measure across eachjunction of eachtransistor using anohmmeter. If okay,measurements shouldbe Megohms orKilohms. If faulty, theytend to measure a fewohms only.
Replace faulty transistor –Linn part nos:
Q23 – TRAN 017Q24 – TRAN 018.
Occasionally, thesetransistors are blown due toa transistor failure in anotherpart of the circuit. If you findthat replacing these partsdoes not fully cure the fault,then measure every junctionof every transistor &compare to a known workingboard. This may seem like atime consuming job, but itdoes not take as long as youmay expect. If anytransistors’ measurementsdiffer greatly from the goodboard, replace the transistor.
There is also a slightpossibility if you find anotherfaulty transistor that it hasblown the new Q23/Q24 youfitted – you may require toreplace these parts again.
Channeltripping
LED staysred – nevergoes togreen.
Probably constant U3 (op-amp IC) is faulty. Replace U3 – Linn part no:IC 403
No musicbut LEDstaysgreen
LED nevergoes to red,even whenKlout isswitched off.
Probably constant U1 (+15V regulator)faulty. Can be foundunder the Piggy-backboard.
Replace U1 – Linn part no:IC 076
Channeldead
LED isconstantlyred
Probably constant U5 (-40V regulator)faulty. Can be foundunder the Piggy-backboard.
LED mayflash Green,red, greenetc or mayflash green,off, green, offetc.
All the above Tripfaults have beenruled out.
Probably constant
One or more of theregulators – U1, U2, U4or U5 is faulty. Theseare found under thePiggy-back board
Sometimes a faultyregulator will measure(unit switched off) opencircuit or short circuit,indicating whichregulator or regulatorsare faulty, but at othertimes they will measureokay.
Normally with a faultyregulator, you canpower the unit up &measure which voltageline is faulty. With theKlout, however, the Tripcircuit shuts down thechannel makingmeasurement verydifficult.
Replace faulty regulator orregulators.
If unsure which one is faulty,replace all.
Be very careful whenreplacing regulators, as it iseasy to break tracks and liftpads from the board whenremoving them. Do notattempt to remove themintact – always snip the legsaway from the body first.
Linn part nos:U1 & U4 – IC 076U2 & U5 – IC 077
Channel tripping – wherefault is on Protection (Piggy-back) board – PCAS 161
Symptom LED status Circumstances Possible Cause(s) Cure
Channeltrips
Any LEDpattern ispossible
Probablyintermittent
Solder fault – dry joint orsolder splash.
Find & eradicate solder fault– see Introduction to FaultFinding section (accessiblevia Linfo Website - ProductInformation) for tips on howto do this
Channeltrips
Any LEDpattern ispossible
May be intermittent Broken component Find & replace brokencomponent – seeIntroduction to FaultFinding section (accessiblevia Linfo Website - ProductInformation) for tips on howto do this
May only happenwhen music playingor when Klout iswarm.
Do not confuse thisfault with a genuinetrip conditioncaused byoverdriving thepower amp wherethe amp gets veryhot and trips toprotect itself.
Thermistor (R26) faulty.
This is the orange/silvercomponent located nearthe middle of the board.On very early Klouts it islocated on the undersideof the board.
Replace R26 – Linn part no:MISS 160
Channeltrips
LED flashesred, green,red, greenetc
or stays red
Probably constant U1 faulty. Replace U1 – Linn part no:IC 361.
Channeldead
LED staysred – nevergoes togreen.
Probably constant Q5 faulty. Replace Q5 – Linn part no:TRAN 033
Channeltrips
LED flashesred, green,red, greenetc
Fault may not showimmediately - maytake some time forit to show.
May be intermittent
Z3 or Z6 faulty.
These are the 2 thru-hole zener diodes on thepiggy-back board(usually silver in colour)
Replace faulty component –Linn part no: MISS 593 forboth parts.
Channeltrips
LED flashesgreen, red,green, redetc
Applies only toKlouts < ser/no:1800
May only happenafter Klout hasbeen playing musicfor a while or whenplaying music quiteloudly.
Unlikely to see thisfault any more –most Klouts of thisage have eitherbeen upgradedalready or do notrequire thisupgrade as theyare unaffected bythe problem (didnot affect all Klouts)
Old spec board causingproblem.
Board requires replacement.
Linn part no:KLOUT/PIGGYKIT for a pairof boards (it is best toreplace both piggy-backboards if they are old spec)
or
PCAS 161/L9R1 for oneboard only.
Also may require main boardreplacement. If this is thecase, Linn part no:PCAS KLOUT/KIT – thiscomprises of two completechannels (main board &piggy-back board for eachchannel)
Piggy board connectedout of step (every pin ofconnector should go intoa socket – if one (ormore) does not, thiscauses problems)
Or – connectors notmaking good contact –may not be pushed fullyhome or may be a badconnection etc.
Connect board correctly.
Occasionally, depending onthe mode of failure, a wrongconnection may cause a faulton one of the boards. If youfind this to be the case, youwill have to find the fault,using this manual.
Red LEDbut musicstill playing
LED flashesredoccasionally
Applies only toKlouts < ser/no:1800
Sound does notmute during ‘trip’
In early Klouts, the over-voltage sensors wereslightly too sensitive andoccasionally displayedtrip when no tripcondition existed.
Remove R62 on the Piggy-back board (PCAS 161).
Channeltrips
LED flashesgreen, red,green, redetc
Only happensbriefly after powerup and onlyhappens whenKlout is notconnected to a pre-amp
The Klout’s sensitive tripcircuitry mayoccasionally getconfused if the inputsare not connected toanything.
Connect a pre-amp & theproblem should clear.
Channeltrips
LED flashesgreen, red,green, redetc
Only happens whenKlout is powered upwhile music isplaying quite loudly
Because the Klout’sprotection circuitry isvery sensitive, it can getcaught in a loop if it ispowered up while loudmusic is playing andmay trip a few times.
Either power up the Kloutfirst, mute the pre-amp orturn the volume down slightlyuntil the Klout has settleddown (a few seconds only isrequired)
LED does not act ‘normally’ after Klout is switched off- Klout works okay otherwise -
Important information regarding LED patterns after switch offPlease note – the Klout LEDs have no designated power down pattern. In other words, after the power isswitched off, the LEDs are left to their own devices & power down in a random fashion. The fact that theLEDs on most channels follow the same pattern i.e. go from Green to Red then fade away is purelycoincidental. If a Klout channel follows a different pattern (as long as the Klout works okay otherwise), thisusually does not indicate the presence of a fault.
However, there are certain faults, which are known to cause these symptoms. These are listed below. Ifnone of these faults apply, then the channel in question is almost definitely not faulty, but is simply poweringdown in a slightly different manner than the customer may expect. Customers sometimes experience anxietywhen this occurs, especially if the Klout in question is one of several Klouts in (for example) an Aktiv systemand only one shows this symptom. Check and eliminate the faults listed below then if the condition persists,reassure the customer that this is not a problem.
LED not acting as expectedafter Klout is switched off.
Symptom LED status Circumstances Possible Cause(s) Cure
Led staysred for along timeafter switchoff
LED mayflash red,green, redetc for ashort timebut thenstays red forabout 40seconds ormore.
LED mayalso stay onwhen unit isin standby.
Probably constant Zener diode Z3 and/orZ4 are faulty or insertedbackwards.
These components oncertain specs of boardare found on theunderside of the board.
Replace component(s) –Linn part no: MISS 630 forboth parts.
Very occasionally when oneof these Zeners is faulty, itwill also cause the voltageregulator to fail.Z3 fault may blow U1 – Linnpart no: IC 076Z4 fault may blow U2 – Linnpart no:IC 077.
LED staysgreen afterswitch off
LED staysgreen forabout 30seconds afterswitch off.
May be intermittent Q1 and Q2 aremismatched.
Measure voltage at pin 1of U3 while unit ispowered up – BECAREFUL. – lethalvoltages present. Itshould measurebetween –7V and 0V dc.If the measurement is< -7V or > 0V, Q1 & Q2are not well matched &should be replaced –then do themeasurement again
Replace Q1 & Q2 – Linn partno: TRAN 032 for both parts.
Amplifier problemsIt is assumed at this point that you have traced the fault to the Klout, i.e. the rest of the system has beenruled out (source products, pre-amp, Aktiv cards, speakers, cables etc).
Audio ProblemsSymptom Circumstances Possible Cause(s) Cure
No output fromone or bothchannels
LEDs stay green.
May be intermittent– more likely to beconstant
Aktiv link has been snippedor removed, or link has a badsolder joint.
Re-make or replace link, or repairbad solder joint.
Blowing speakerunits – DCvoltage on outputof channel
Probably constant One of the transistors on themain board has gone shortcircuit (or low impedance)internally. Usually this willactivate the trip circuit, butvery occasionally a failurewill evade the trip circuit.
Measure impedance acrossevery junction of everytransistor on the main boardand compare to a knownworking board. It is usuallyfairly easy to trace the faultypart or parts (rememberthere may be more than one)Do not forget to include thebig power transistors underthe metal h-shaped clamp.
Replace faulty part (or parts)
Distortion on onechannel
Probably constant One of the transistors on themain board has gone shortcircuit (or low impedance)internally. Usually this willactivate the trip circuit, butvery occasionally a failurewill evade the trip circuit.
Measure impedance acrossevery junction of everytransistor on the main boardand compare to a knownworking board. It is usuallyfairly easy to trace the faultypart or parts (rememberthere may be more thanone). Do not forget to includethe big power transistorsunder the metal h-shapedclamp.
LED on affectedchannel stays onfor a long time afterKlout is switchedoff.
Zener diode Z3 and/or Z4 arefaulty or inserted backwards.
These components oncertain specs of board arefound on the underside of theboard.
Replace component(s) – Linnpart no: MISS 630 for both parts.
Very occasionally when one ofthese Zeners is faulty, it will alsocause the voltage regulator to fail.Z3 fault may blow U1 – Linn partno: IC 076Z4 fault may blow U2 – Linn partno:IC 077.
Sound Quality problemsListed below are some possible causes of problems with the Klout sound quality. It is assumed at this pointthat you have traced the fault to the Klout, i.e. the rest of the system has been ruled out (source products,pre-amp, Aktiv cards, speakers, cables etc).
Sound Quality ProblemsSymptom Circumstances Possible Cause(s) Cure
Klout soundquality is not asgood as expected
May be intermittent– more likely to beconstant.
All other aspects ofthe system areokay
Earth connections notmaking good contact.
Re-make all earth connections –remove screws etc, clean and/orrub all metal contacts with fineemery paper and make all screwstight.
Klout soundquality is not asgood as expected
May be intermittent– more likely to beconstant.
All other aspects ofthe system areokay
Screws holding the bottomplate on are loose or are notas tight as they should be
Tighten all screws, especiallythose holding the bottom plate onto the extrusion – with thesescrews, it is a good idea to fitshake-proof washers between thehead of the screw & the plate(they fit inside the countersink) toimprove earth continuity andprevent the screws looseningagain – Linn part no for thesewashers is: MECH 010
Klout soundquality is not asgood as expected
May be intermittent– more likely to beconstant.
All other aspects ofthe system areokay
Klout is old spec – manyimprovements have beenmade to the Klout since itsearliest days. See KloutHistory (accessible via LinfoWebsite - ProductInformation) for details ofdates & serial numbers ofchanges.
All sound quality upgrades can becarried out by the retailer, withthe possible exception of theShim mod, which should becarried out at the Linn factory.
Miscellaneous ProblemsIt is assumed at this point that you have traced the fault to the Klout, i.e. the rest of the system has beenruled out (source products, pre-amp, Aktiv cards, speakers, cables etc).
Miscellaneous ProblemsSymptom Circumstances Possible Cause(s) Cure
Mechanicalbuzzing noiseheard from Klout(not throughspeakers) brieflywhen Klout is firstpowered up
Probablyintermittent
Applies only toKlouts < ser/no:3796.
Requires modification. Fit ferrite rings to transformerleads. You must remove theconnector from the end of each ofthe transformer output cables –TAKE NOTE of where each wiregoes BEFORE removingconnectors.The rings simply fit over the cable(not necessary to fit at aparticular place on the cable,although near the connectors isokay).
Linn part no for rings: IND 089
Mechanical humfrom transformer– heard fromKlout, not throughspeakers
May be intermittent All transformers hum to agreater or lesser extent – themore powerful thetransformer, the louder thehum. With a transformer aspowerful as that fitted to theKlout, some audible hum isunavoidable, so it is really acase of how loud the hum is.
A quiet transformer will hummuch louder if the mainssupply is noisy – ensure thisis not the case beforeproceeding, as Linn cannotcure transformer hum if noisymains is the cause.
If you are sure that noisymains is not the cause, thento avoid a purely subjectiveconclusion (one customer’sidea of noisy may differ fromanother) compare the Kloutto as many Klouts as areavailable. Do this to build upa picture of what is normal.(Remember however thatolder Klouts tend to benoisier than newer Klouts, asthe transformer noise levelswere gradually improvedthrough the years.)
Klout is connectedto Kairn via lineremote for remoteswitching
If you have the Kairn & theKlout wired up for remoteswitching, but the Kairn isswitched on and the Klout isswitched off (as opposed toStandby as it should be), therelay may click as it tries topower up the Klout.
Klout is not faulty – no cure isnecessary or possible.
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