คคคคคคคคคคคคคคค A a great deal - a lot มมม abandon - to stop doing an activity before you have finished it, to leave a place, especially because it is difficult or dangerous to stay there มมมมมม, มมมม abandoned - left by someone มมมมมมมมมมมม abandonment - the act of leaving a person, thing or place with no intention of returning มมมมมมมมมม, มมมมมมมมม abbey - a large church together with a group of buildings in which monks or nuns live or lived in the past มมมมมมมม, มมมมมมมมม, มมม abbot - the head monk at a temple มมมมมมมมม abdication - the process of giving up the position of being king or queen มมมมมมมมมมมมมมม abdomen - the lower part of a person's or animal's body, which contains the stomach, bowels and other organs มมมม, มมมมมมมม abide by - to follow a rule, law or instruction มมมมมมมมมมมม abnormal - not usual or typical มมมมมมม มมม มมมมมม abound - to be present in large numbers or amounts มมมมมมมม abroad - in or to a foreign country มมมมมม มมมมมม abrupt - sudden and unexpected, and often unpleasant มมมมมมมมมมมมม absolute monarchy - a system in which a king or queen has unlimited powers มมมมมมม มมมมมมมมมมมมมมม
Transcript
คำ�ศพทจ�กข�วAa great deal - a lot มากabandon - to stop doing an activity before you have finished it, to leave a place,especially because it is difficult or dangerous to stay there ละทง, เลกabandoned - left by someone ทถกละทงabandonment - the act of leaving a person, thing or place with no intention of returningการทอดทง, การละทงabbey - a large church together with a group of buildings in which monks or nuns live orlived in the past มหาวหาร, โบสถใหญ, วดabbot - the head monk at a temple เจาอาวาสabdication - the process of giving up the position of being king or queen การสละราชสมบตabdomen - the lower part of a person's or animal's body, which contains the stomach,bowels and other organs ทอง, ชองทองabide by - to follow a rule, law or instruction ทำาตามกฎหมายabnormal - not usual or typical ผดปกต ไมธรรมดาabound - to be present in large numbers or amounts มมากมายabroad - in or to a foreign country ในตางประเทศabrupt - sudden and unexpected, and often unpleasant อยางกะทนหนabsolute monarchy - a system in which a king or queen has unlimited powers ระบอบสมบรณาญาสทธราชabsolutely - completely โดยสนเชง, อยางแนนอน, อยางแทจรง
absolve - to state formally that somebody is not guilty or responsible for something ปลดเปลอง, อภยโทษabsorb - to take in a liquid, gas or other substance form the surface or space around ซมซบ ดดกลนabundant - more than enough มากมายabuse - the use of something in a bad, dishonest, or harmful way การใชในทางทผดacademic - someone who teaches at a college, or who studies as part of their job นกวชาการacademic year - school year ปการศกษาaccept - to admit that you are responsible or to blame for something ยอมรบการตำาหน,รบผดชอบaccess - having the opportunity to have or use something, the ability to enter a building or place การเขาส มโอกาสในการใชaccess road - a road that connects with a highwayaccessible - easy to talk to and to get to know ทสนทไดงาย
accommodate - is able to accept (here: able to accept gasohol as fuel to make the car work)accompanied - went with ตดตาม, รวมทาง, เดนทางไปดวยaccompany - to happen or appear with something else มากบ, รวมกบaccomplishment - something that is successful, or that is achieved after a lot of work oreffort, to finish something successfully or to achieve something ทำาสำาเรจ ความสำาเรจ, การบรรลผล
accusation - a statement that someone has done something wrong or illegal eventhough this has not been proved ขอกลาวหาaccused - to be said to have done something wrong or committed a crime ถกกลาวหาacknowledge - to accept or admit that something exists, is true or is real ยอมรบacquit - to state officially that someone is not guilty of the crime they were accused ofตดสนใหพนโทษAct - a law passed by a country’s government พ.ร.บ. พระราชบญญตactivist - someone who takes part in activities that are intended to achieve political orsocial change, especially someone who is a member of an organisation นกกจกรรมad-hoc - done only when needed for a specific purpose, without planning or preparationเกยวกบสงนโดยเฉพาะadapt - to change something to suit different conditions or uses ทำาใหเหมาะ, ทำาใหเขากบ,ปรบadaptation - a film/movie, book or play that is based on a particular piece of work butthat has been changed for a new situation การดดแปลง, การปรบใชaddicted - unable to stop using or doing something ซงตดนสยในบางอยางaddress - to speak publicly to a group of people, a formal speech, to try to deal with aproblem or question จดการกบปญหา คำาปราศรย กลาวปราศรยadequate - good enough or large enough for a particular purpose พอเพยงadjacent - very near, next to, or touching ตดกนadjoining - next to and connected to
adjust - to get used to a new situation by changing your ideas or the way you do things,to change something slightly, especially to make it more correct, effective, or suitableปรบ, ปรบตวadministration - government, the government of a country รฐบาลadministrative - of the process or act of organising the way that something is done การบรหารAdministrative Court - the court which deals with disputes between the private sectorand government agencies ศาลปกครองadmire - to respect somebody for what they are or for what they have done ชมเชย,ยกยองสรรเสรญadmirer - someone who has a feeling of great respect for someone or something ผชมเชย
admit - to agree that something is true, especially when you are unhappy, sorry or surprised about it, to put someone into hospital or prison เปดรบ, ยอมรบadopt - to accept or to start using something new นำามาใชadoptive - of someone who has legally adopted a child ทเกยวกบการรบเลยงบตรบญธรรมadulation - admiration and praise การยกยอ, การประจบประแจงadult - a fully grown person who is legally responsible for their actions ผใหญadvance - moving forward การเคลอนไปขางหนาadvances - attempts to start a romantic or sexual relationship with somebody แทะโลม
adverse - having a negative or harmful effect on something ในทางลบ, เปนผลรายadvice - an opinion or a suggestion about what somebody should do in a particularsituation คำาแนะนำาadviser - a person who gives advice, especially somebody who knows a lot about aparticular subject ทปรกษาaerial - (of a photograph) from a plane ภาพถายทางอากาศaffair - a sexual relationship between two people, especially when one of them ismarried to someone else ความสมพนธเชงชสาวaffairs - events affecting a government, military, organisation, etc. กรณยกจ, กจธระaffiliated - a connection with a political party or religion, or with a larger organisation ทผกพนaffiliation - a connection with a political party or religion, or with a larger organisationการผกพนaffirm - to say or show that something is true ยนยน, รบรองafford - to not have to worry or think about something สามารถทำาไดafter all - despite what has been said or expected อยางไรกตาม, ไมวาอยางไรกตามaftermath - the effects and results of something bad or important ผลทตามมาagriculture - the science or practice of farming เกษตรกรรม, การเกษตรaid - help; assistance ความชวยเหลอaide - someone whose job is to help another person in their work ผชวยailment - an illness อาการปวย, โรคทางกาย
aim - to have as your purpose or goal มเปาหมาย มจดมงหมาย, to point a weapon atsomething that you want to hit เลงairlift - to carry out an operation to take people, soldiers, food, etc. to or from an areaby aircraft, especially in an emergency or when roads are closed or dangerous ขนสง (คนหรอสนคา) ทางเครองบนaisle - a long narrow space between rows of seats in a church, aircraft, or cinema ทางเดนระหวางทนง (ในโบสถ, โรงภาพยนตร, เครองบน)
alert - to warn people to be prepared to deal with something dangerous; to tell someone in authority about a danger or problem so that they can take action to deal with it เตอนใหระวง, แจงใหทราบ, บอกalias - used when a person is known by two names; used before a different name thatsomeone uses instead of their real name ฉายา, สมญานามalienate - to make somebody less friendly or sympathetic towards you; to makesomebody feel that they do not belong in a particular group ทำาใหเหนหาง, ทำาใหแตกแยก,เมนหมาง, ไมเปนมตรall but - almost completelyallegation - an accusation; a statement that someone has done something wrong orillegal even though this has not been proved ขอกลาวหาalleged - claimed to be true although not yet proven ทถกกลาวหา
allegedly - claimed to have done something wrong, but not yet proven ทกลาวหาalliance - a coalition; an arrangement to work together, a group of people, politicalparties, etc. who work together in order to achieve something that they all want พนธมตรallocate - to officially give out an amount of or share of something แบงสวนallocation - an amount of or share of something, in this case, the national budget การแบงสวนalms - food, money, and other items that are given to Buddhist monks; money, clothesand food that are given to poor people ของทำาบญ ของบรจาคalter - to change เปลยนแปลงalternative - something that you can choose instead of something else ทางเลอกambassador - a senior official who lives in a foreign country and represents his or herown country there เอกอครราชทตambition - the desire or determination to be successful, rich, powerful, etc; somethingthat you want to do or achieve very much ความทะเยอทะยาน, ความปรารถนาอนแรงกลาambitious - needing a great amount of skill and effort to be successful or be achievedใฝสง, มกใหญใฝสง, ทะเยอทะยานamid - in the middle of; at the same time as, during the time when something else ishappening ทามกลาง, ระหวางammunition - information that can be used against another person ขอมลamnesty - a situation in which a government agrees not to punish people who havecommitted a crime การนรโทษกรรม
amplify - to increase something in strength, especially sound ขยาย, ทำาใหเพมขนanalysis - the detailed study or examination of something in order to understand moreabout it; the result of the study การวเคราะหancient - very old ทเกาแก ทโบราณ
angle - point of view; perspective; a particular way of considering or understanding something ทศนคตanguish - painful emotions ความทรมานทางจตใจankle - the part at the bottom of your leg where your foot joins your leg ขอเทาanniversary - a date when you celebrate something that happened in a previous year that is important to you วนครบรอบannoyance - something that makes you feel slightly angry สงทรบกวน, ความรำาคาญannoyed - feeling slightly angry or impatient รสกรำาคาญใจannual - for one year, happening once a year ประจำาปanonymous - not known or famous, not named ไมระบชอ ซงไมมลกษณะเดนanticipate - to guess or expect that something will happen คาดการณantiques - old and valuable things that are usually looked at but not used โบราณวตถ,ของโบราณanxious - wanting something very much กระตอรอรน, กระสบกระสาย, รอนใจ
apologise - to say you are sorry for doing something wrong or for cause a problem ขอโทษapology - an act of saying sorry คำาขอโทษapparent - clear; able to be seen or understood, seeming to be something although itmay not be real ดเหมอนวา, ตามทเหนภายนอก ซงเหนไดชดวาapparently - based only on what you have heard or think, not on what you are certainis true; seemingly ตามทไดรมาAppeal Court (Court of Appeal) - a court that decides requests that a decision madeby a lower court be changed ศาลอทธรณappeal to - to cause someone to like or want something ดงดดใจ ทำาใหสนใจappeals court - a court that decides requests that a decision made by a lower court bechanged ศาลอทธรณAppeals Court (Court of Appeal) - a court that decides requests that a decision madeby a lower court be changed ศาลอทธรณappear - to seem ดเหมอนจะ, ดเหมอนวา, to go somewhere officially because you areinvolved in something, such as a trial or inquiry ปรากฏตวอยางเปนทางการappearance - the way that somebody/something looks on the outside ลกษณะภายนอกappease - to say or do something in order to make someone feel less angry ปลอบใจ หรอทำาใหเปนทพอใจapplication - a formal request for permission to do or have something การขอappoint - to choose someone officially for a job or responsibility แตงตง,ตงใหเปน
appointment - when someone is officially chosen for a job การแตงตงappraise - to give a judgment about how much money something might be sold forประเมนคณคา
appreciate - to be grateful for something, i.e., feeling you want to thank someone forsomething they have done for you สำานกในบญคณappreciation - pleasure in understanding something that is good or beautiful ความชอบ,ความชนชอบ, ความชนชมapprehension - a feeling of worry about something that might happen ความสงสย,ความกลว, ความหวาดหวนapproach - to start to speak or write to someone when you are asking for something ormaking an offer เขาหาapproachable - friendly and easy to talk to; easy to understand, to move closer to someone or something, in this case, closer in time, a way of doing or dealing with something; a particular way of doing something or thinking about something การจดการกบปญหา วธการทำาใหถงจดหมาย เขาใกล ทเขาถงไดงาย, ทเปนมตร, ทสนทไดงายappropriate - suitable or right for a particular situation or purpose ทเหมาะสมapproval - official permission การอนมตapprove - to give official permission อนมตapproximately - almost, but not completely, accurate or correct โดยประมาณ
arch - a curved structure at the top of a door, window, or gate โครงสรางทมรปโคงargue - to give reasons why you think that something is right/wrong, true/not true, etc,especially to persuade people that you are right หเหตผล, อางเหตผลarise - to happen as a result of a particular situation เกดขนarmlet - a band, usually made of metal, worn around the top of the arm ปลอกแขน, กำาไลแขนarmoured vehicle - a military vehicle that is heavily protected by a metal covering รถหมเกราะarms - weapons อาวธaround the clock - at all times; twenty-four hours a dayarrangement - a plan or preparation that you make so that something can happen; anagreement that you make with somebody that you can both accept การจดการ, ขอตกลงarrest - (of the police) to take someone to a police station because they are believed tohave committed a crime, (of the police or, in this case, soldiers) to take someone undercontrol because they are believed to have committed a crime จบกมarrest warrant - a document signed by a judge allowing police to arrest someone หมายจบarrested - caught by the police and taken to a police station because you are believedto have committed a crime ถกจบกมarson - the illegal use of fire to destroy a house, building, or property; an arsonist is aperson who commits arson การลอบวางเพลงartillery - large powerful guns that are used by an army and are moved on wheels or
fixed in one place ปนใหญaspect - one part of a situation, problem, subject, etc ดาน,มม
assault - to attack someone violently ทำารายรางกายassessment - the process of making a judgment or forming an opinion, after consideringsomething or someone carefully, a judgment or opinion การประเมน การประเมนสถานการณassets - things owned by a person, company etc., particularly money and property ทรพยสนassign - to give someone a job to do, to give a person a particular task or position มอบหมาย, สงงานassociated with - connected with in some way ทเชอมโยงกนassociation - an official group of people who have joined together for a particular purpose สมาคมassume - to accept something to likely be true ทกทกเอา, คดวาเปนจรง,assurance - a promise; a guarantee การรบประกน, การรบรองassure - to tell something that something is true or will definitely happen ใหความมนใจ, ยนยนastrologer - someone who studies the movements and positions of the sun, moon, planets and stars and describes the expected effect that they believe these have on the character and behaviour of humans – โหราจารย, โหร, นกโหราศาสตรat risk - in danger ตกอยในความเสยงattend to - to take care of somebody/something ชวยดแลattendance - the number of people who go to a place or an event จำานวนหรอผคนทไปเขารวม
attendee - a person who attends a meeting, etc. ผเขารวม (ในการประชม, งานตาง)attention - interest, especially interest that the public has in a person, event, situation etc ความสนใจattitude - someone’s opinions or feelings about something, especially as shown by theirbehaviour ทศนคต, ลกษณะทาทางattorney - a lawyer ทนายattorney-general - the top legal officer in some countries, who advises the leader of thegovernment อยการสงสดattract - to cause someone to be interested in something ดงดดความสนใจattractive - pleasant to look at มเสนหดงดดattribute - give as a reason; to believe that something is the result of a particular situation, event, or person’s actions ใหเหตผลวาเปน, ถอวาเปนของaudience - the people who watch an event happen, the group of people gathered in one place to watch or listen to a play, film, someone speaking, etc. ผชม,audit - to officially examine the financial records of a company, organization, or personto see that they are accurate สอบบญชauspicious - suggesting a positive and successful future ทมฤกษด
authorise - to give official permission for something, or to give someone officialpermission to do something ใหอำานาจ, มอบอำานาจ, ใหสทธ
authorities - people who have the power to make decisions or enforce the law เจาหนาทผมอำานาจauthority - the power to make decisions or tell people what to do อำานาจ, อำานาจในการสงการavalanche - a mass of snow, ice, mud or rock that falls down the side of a mountainกอนหมะ (นำาแขง,ดน,หน) ทพงทลายลงมา,สงทพงทลายลงมาaverage - an amount calculated by adding several amounts together, finding a total, anddividing the total by the number of amounts เฉลย, คาเฉลยavert - to prevent something bad or harmful from happening ปองกนไมใหเกดaviation - the flying of aircraft การบนavoid - to try to prevent something from happening หลกเลยงawait - to wait for somebody/something รอคอยaward - to give something to somebody as a prize, payment, etc มอบใหaware - knowing that something exists, or having knowledge or experience of a particular thing ทราบawareness - the state of knowing about something การรบร, การทราบawesome - extremely good ดเยยมawful (lot) - a large amount or too much of something มากมายawkward - difficult to deal with; causing problems กระอกกระอวน
Bbabysitter - a person who takes care of babies or children while their parents are awayfrom home and is usually paid to do this พเลยงเดกbaccarat - a card game in which players hold two or three cards each and bet on whosecards will have the highest number left highest number left การเลนไพแบกคาระbachelor - a man who is not yet married โสดback - to support ใหการสนบสนนback down - to take back or remove a demand, an opinion, etc. that other people arestrongly opposed to ยอมตามback off - to stop or become less threatening or annoying somebody ถอยbackground - the type of career, training, or education that someone has had ประวตbacking - support การสนบสนนbackstage - in the area behind the stage in a theatre, including the rooms where the
actors get dressed หลงเวทbackwards - towards a place or position that is behind you ไปขางหลงbail - money that is given to a court when someone is allowed to stay out of prisonuntil their trial. If they do not return for the trial, the court keeps the money เงนประกน;การประกนตวbalance - the ability to keep steady with an equal amount of weight on each side ความสมดล, การทรงตวbalance a budget - to make sure spending is not more than money received ทำาใหงบประมาณใหสมดลbalcony - a place where you can stand just outside an upper window. It sticks out fromthe wall of a building ระเบยงballot paper - the piece of paper on which someone marks who they are voting for บตรเลอกตงban - to officially say that someone is not allowed to do something, an officialstatement ordering people not to do, sell or use something การหาม, หามอยางเปนทางการband together - to gather; to come together in a group รวมกลม, รวมตวกน improvised –invented or made at the time when it is needed without already having planned it กระทำาหรอประพนธอยางไมไดมการตระเตรยมมากอน หรออยางทนททนควน, to gather; to come togetherin a group รวมกลม, รวมตวกนBangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) - the local government of Bangkokกรงเทพมหานคร
bank - a raised area of land along the side of a river รมฝงแมนำาbanks - the raised areas of land along the side of a river รมฝงแมนำา, ตลง
banned - officially not allowed, officially not allowed to do something ถกหาม ถกหามอยางเปนทางการbar - a long straight piece of metal or wood ทอนbare hands - empty or uncovered hands มอเปลาbarge - a long flat boat used on rivers and barges เรอทองแบนbarrel - a large round container, usually made of wood or metal, with flat ends and,usually, curved sides, an object shaped like a wide tube; a metal container for gas orliquid กระบอก ถงใสของเหลวbase - a place where an army, a navy, etc. operates from ฐานทพ, ฐานทมนbash - a party or celebrationbasin - a large area of land whose surface water all flows into a particular river or lake ลมนำาbastion; stronghold - an area where there is a lot of support for a political party ฐานเสยง, ฐานทมน, ขมกำาลงbatter - to hit repeatedly with great force ทบตตดตอกนbattle - to try very hard to achieve something difficult or to deal with somethingunpleasant or dangerous, to fight against ตอส, ดนรนตอส, มงมนฝาฟนbattle-scarred - injured or damaged in a war ไดรบความเสยหายจากสงคราม
bazaar - a street or an area of a town where there are many small shops ตลาดทขายของหลากหลายชนดbeaming - smiling widely and happily ยมแยมแจมใสbear a load - carry or holding up something heavybearing - a mechanical part that separates moving parts and is able to bear a load (SeeWikipedia)beat - to hit someone violently several times ต, เคาะ, ตบbeauty contest / pageant - a competition in which women are judged on howphysically attractive they are ประกวดนางงามbeckon - to signal to someone to come towards you สงสญญาณเรยกโดยการใชมอหรอศรษะbed - the bottom of a river, the sea, etc พนดนกนทะเล แมนำาหรอทะเลสาบbed of roses - a happy life without problems ชวตทสขสบายbeefs up - makes greater, strengthensbehaviour - the way that someone acts or behaves พฤตกรรม, การกระทำาตวbeige - a pale creamy brown colour สนำาตาลออนbelong to - to be owned by somebody เปนของbelongings - the things you own ขาวของเครองใชbeloved - a person who is loved very much by somebody ผเปนทรก
benefit - an advantage you get from a situation; a helpful or good effect, or something
intended to help, (verb) - when an activity does good things for someone, to helpsomeone มประโยชนตอ ผลประโยชนbenefit of the doubt - accepting that somebody has told the truth or has not donesomething wrong because you cannot prove that they have notbeset - to cause someone difficulty or danger over a period of time รมเราดวยปญหาbesiege - to cause worry or distress to someone รบกวน, กอกวนbet - to risk money on a race or an event by trying to predict the result พนนbias - an attitude that you have that makes you treat someone or something in a waythat if unfair — อคต, ลำาเอยง, เดยดฉนทbiceps - the main muscle at the front of the top part of the arm กลามเนอดานหนาของแขนสวนบนbid - an attempt to do something ความพยายามbid farewell - to say goodbye ลำาลา, กลาวลา, ลาจากbilateral - involving two groups or countries สองขาง, เกยวกบกลมทางการเมองสองกลมbill - a proposal for a law รางกฎหมายbitchy - rude or cruel about or towards someone else; often talking unkindly aboutother people ซงพดใหรายคนอนbitter - involving very angry feelings ความขมขนblackjack - a card game in which players try to collect cards with a total value of 21 andno more แบลกแจค, เกมไพชนดหนงblackout - a loss of electrical power ไฟดบ
blare - to make a loud and unpleasant noise honk สงเสยงดงblessing - God's help and protection, or a prayer asking for this การใหพร, การสวดใหพรblindfold - to put something over somebody's eyes so they cannot see เอาผาปดตา, เอาผาผกตาblock - to use your power to stop something from being done or from succeeding, tostop someone or something from moving through or along something else ปดกน, กดขวางbloodshed - a situation in which people are killed or injured, especially during fightingการนองเลอดbloom - a flower (usually one on a plant that people admire for its flowers) ดอกไมblouse - a shirt for a woman or girl เสอครงตวของสตรblow - an event that damages your chances of success สงททำาใหเกดความเสยหายblunder - a careless or embarrassing mistake ความผดพลาดจากความสะเพราbody - a group of people who work or act together, often for an official purpose, or whoare connected in some other way กลมคน, นตบคคลbold - very bright, clear, or strong in colour and therefore easy to notice เดน ชดเจนbonds - close connections joining two or more people ความผกพน
booed - given expressions of strong disapproval or disagreement คำาอทานแสดงการเหยยด
หยามการไมเหนดวย, โหฮวbookmaker - a person whose job is to take bets and pay out money to people who win,เจามอรบแทง (มา)boost - an action or event that helps something to increase, improve, or become moresuccessful, to increase เพม การสงเสรมborder - the official line separating two areas, regions or countries เขตแดน อาณาเขตbore - to cause you to feel impatient or dissatisfied, because you are not interested insomething or because you have nothing to do ทำาใหรสกเบอหนาย ทำาใหรสกเหนอยหนายbounce back - to become healthy, happy, or successful again after something bad hashappened to you กลบสสภาพปกตboundary - a real or imagined line that marks the edge or limit of something เขตแดน,เสนแบงเขตbountiful - large in amount อดมสมบรณbout - a boxing or wrestling match การแขงขน, a short period of great activity; a short period during which there is a lot of a particular thing, usually something unpleasantระยะหนง, พกหนงbow to - to agree to do what someone wants you to do even though you do not want to ยอมทำาตามbrace for - to get ready for something unpleasant เตรยมพรอมbrain - the organ inside the head that controls movement, thought, memory and feeling สมองbrand - a product or group of products that has its own name and is made by one particular company. ตราสนคาbrand - (noun) - a type of product made by a particular company ตรา, ยหอ
brand - (verb) - create a name for some product (so people can start identifying it and thinking about it)brave - to deal with an unpleasant or difficult situation in order to achieve somethingกลาทจะเผชญกบbreach - a failure to follow a law or rule, to break through something ทำาใหแตก, การละเมดกฎหมายbreadwinner - a person who supports their family with the money they earn ผทเปนหลกในการหาเงนเลยงครอบครวbreak into tears - to suddenly start crying รองไหbreakthrough - an achievement that comes after a lot of hard work การพฒนาหรอการคนพบทยงใหญbreathtaking - very exciting or impressive (usually in a pleasant way); very surprising ทำาใหยนดตนเตนหรอนากลวมาก
breed - to be the cause of something, a particular type of animal that has been developed by people in a controlled way, especially a type of dog, cat or farm animal พนธ ทำาใหเกดbribe - money or a present given to someone so that they will help you doingsomething dishonest or illegal, to give money or presents to someone so that they willhelp you by doing something dishonest or illegal ตดสนบน, สนบน
bribery - the crime of giving money or presents to someone so that they will help youby doing something dishonest or illegal (the verb form is bribe) การใหสนบนbride - the woman at a wedding who is getting married เจาสาวbridge bearing - (civil engineering) "The support at a bridge pier carrying the weight ofthe bridge; may be fixed or seated on expansion rollers" (Source: Answers.com)bright outlook - people think the future will be goodbrilliant - very skilful, impressive, or successful ฉลาดหลกแหลมbroadcast - to send out a programme on television or radio กระจายเสยง,กระจายขาวbroadcast live - to send out or transmit at the same time it was happening, not delayedusing video tape ถายทอดสด, รายการสดbrutal - extremely violent and unpleasant โหดรายbudget - an amount of money able to be spent on something งบประมาณbulldozer - a large vehicle with a broad metal blade at the front, which is used formoving large amounts of earth or knocking down buildings รถปราบดน,รถเกลยดนbullet - a small, metal object that is shot from a gun กระสนปนbullying - using your influence or status to threaten or frighten someone รงแกbump into - to meet unexpectedly; to cross paths พบโดยบงเอญbumper - a bar fixed to the front and back of a car, etc. to reduce the effect if it hitsanything เครองกนชน
bungled - done in a careless or stupid way ผดพลาดbunker - a strongly built shelter for soldiers or guns, usually underground หลมหลบภย, ทกำาบงBureau of the Royal Household - an agency of the Monarchy of Thailand, responsible for the upkeep of the royal palaces, royal ceremonies, public relations and the management of the royal finances สำานกพระราชวงbureaucrats - people who work in government departments ขาราชการburied - covered completely by something ฝงburst into tears - to suddenly start to cryburst its banks (of a river) - to flood; to have water go over the sides ลนตลงbury the hatchet - to stop being unfriendly and become friends again หยดตอส, เลกโตเถยงbuttonhole - a hole on a piece of clothing for a button to be put through รงดมby contrast - different from ตรงขามกบ
Ccabinet - the group of government ministers who make and approve government policyคณะรฐมนตรcabinet minister - a member of the group of government ministers who make andapprove government policy รฐมนตรcabinet portfolio - control over a ministry; all the responsibilities of a governmentminister ตำาแหนงรฐมนตร
cabinet seat - the position of a minister, i.e., a member of the cabinet, the group ofgovernment ministers who make and approve government policy รฐมนตรcage - a container made of wire or metal bars and used for keeping birds or animals in กรงcalculator - a small electronic device for calculating with numbers เครองคดเลขcalm - peaceful and quiet; without anxiety ใจเยน,ไมตนเตน, สงบcamaraderie - a feeling of friendship and trust among people who work or spend a lotof time together ความเปนมตร, ความสมพนธทดcamp out - to sleep outside, with or without a tent or other shelter, to stay in a placewithout the furniture and equipment that you normally have ตงคายพก, พกแรมcampaign - a series of actions intended to produce political or social change, to takepart in a planned series of activities (a campaign) designed to persuade voters to vote fora particular candidate or political party รณรงคหาเสยง การรณรงคcampaign trail - the events and activities that are part of an election campaign กจกรรมในการรณรงคหาสยงcampaigner - a person who is campaigning or is helping someone to campaigncampus - the buildings of a university or college and the land around them พนททเปนทตงของมหาวทยาลยcandidacy - the fact of being a candidate (= a person competing for a position) in anelection การเปนผสมคร,การเสนอตว
candidate - a person who is trying to be elected, a person who is trying to win anelected position, one of the people being considered for a job ตวแทนทสงเขารบตำาแหนงผสมคร ผสมครรบเลอกตงcanned - prepared beforehand; used again and again; not original เตรยมลวงหนาcanvas - a strong heavy rough material used for making tents, sails, etc., or, in this case,the floor of a boxing ring ผาใบ,เตนท, พนเวทมวยcapability - the ability to do something ความสามารถcapable - able to do something มความสามารถcapacity - the total amount or number that can be contained, the ability to do a particular thing ความสามารถ,สมรรถภาพ, ปรมาณสงสดทจะรบได
cape - a loose piece of clothing without sleeves that hangs from your shoulders เสอคลมไมมแขนcapital - money invested in a business, the most important town or city of a country,usually where the central government operates from เมองหลวงcapsize - (of a boat or other object) to turn over in the water ควำา, พลกควำาcapsule - a pod; a small roundish-shaped container แคปซลพองตว, เพมขนcapture - to take control of a place, building, etc. using force เขาครอบครองทดน
careen - to move forward very quickly especially in a way that is dangerous or uncontrolled เคลอนทอยางเอยงไปเอยงมาและควบคมไมไดcaretaker - in charge for a short time, until a new leader or government is chosen รกษาการcargo - things that are being sent by ship, plane, train or truck สนคาทบรรทกและจดสงโดยเรอ เครองบนหรอรถไฟcarjacker - a person who hijacks a carcarnival - an outdoor entertainment at which people can play games to win prizes, buyfood and drink, etc, usually arranged to make money for a special purpose; a publicfestival, usually one that happens at a regular time each year, that involves music anddancing in the streets, for which people wear brightly coloured clothes งานรนเรง, งานเฉลมฉลองของมวลชน, เทศกาลสนกสนานcarpet - a thick woven material made of wool, etc. for covering floors or stairs พรมcarriage - a road vehicle, usually with four wheels, that is pulled by one or more horsesand was used in the past to carry people รถมาcase - a matter that is being officially investigated or heard by a court คดcassava - a tropical plant with roots that can be cooked and eaten or made into flourมนสำาปะหลงcasual - without paying attention to detail, relaxed and seemingly not worried aboutanything ไมเปนทางการ,ธรรมดา ๆcat-and-mouse - a situation involving chasing, near captures and escapescatch with their pants down - to embarrass someone by proving they have done
something wrong; to arrive or do something when somebody is not expecting it and notready, especially when they are in an embarrassing situationcatchment - the process of collecting water การเกบกกนำา, สงทใชเกบกกนำา เชน อางเกบนำาcatwalk - runway; the raised area at a fashion show that the models walk along พนทยกสงขนเปนทางยาวและแคบ (สำาหรบนางแบบเดนแบบ)caught off guard - to be surprised by something unexpected เผลอcause - movement; an aim, idea, or organisation that you support or work for วตถประสงคอดมการณ
caution - careful thought and lack of hurry in order to try to avoid risks or danger ความระมดระวงcavity - a hole or empty space inside something solid หลม, ชองceiling - an upper limit เพดาน ขดจำากดcelebrate - to do something enjoyable in order to show that an occasion or event is special ฉลองcelebration - a special event at which you celebrate something, a party or special eventat which you celebrate something such as a birthday or a religious holiday การฉลองcelebrity - a famous person, or in this case an animal, especially in entertainment or sports ผมชอเสยง, ผโดงดง
ceremony - a formal public event งานพธcertificate - an official document or record stating that particular facts are true ประกาศนยบตร เกยรตบตรcertify - to give somebody an official document proving that they are qualified to workin a particular profession รบรอง, ลงนามเปนพยานchair - to be the person in charge of a meeting, committee, company, etc. ดำารงตำาแหนงประธาน, ทำาหนาทในฐานะประธาน, the person in charge of a meeting, committee, orcompany ประธานchallenge - something that needs a lot of skill, energy, and determination to deal withor achieve, to question whether something is true, accurate, or legal, to compete forsomething แขงขน คดคาน สงททาทาย, การทาทายchallenging - difficult, in a way that tests your ability or determination ททาทายความสามารถchannel - to cause water to flow in a particular direction to a particular place ทำาใหไหลไปตามชองchaos - a situation in which everything is confused and in a mess การจราจลcharacter - a person in a book, play, film etc, all the qualities and features that make aperson, groups of people, and places different from others; strong personal qualitiessuch as the ability to deal with difficult or dangerous situations ลกษณะพเศษ, ผสวมบทบาท,ตวแสดงcharacteristic - a typical feature or quality that something/somebody has ลกษณะนสย,ลกษณะพเศษ
charge - an official statement accusing someone of committing a crime, to accusesomeone officially of committing a crime ตงขอกลาวหา ขอหาcharged - full of or causing strong feelings or opinions ตนเตนอยางมากcheat - to have a secret sexual relationship with somebody else นอกใจ, มช
check dam - a small dam, which can be either temporary or permanent, built across asmall waterway เขอนเลกcherish - to think that something is very important and to wish to keep it รกและเทดทนบชาchest - the upper front part of the body of humans and some animals, between thestomach and the neck, containing the heart and lungs หนาอกchildless - having no children ไมมบตรchit-chat - informal, non-serious conversationchunk - a part of somethingcircumstances - facts or conditions that affect a situation เหตการณแวดลอมcited - mentioned as an example, explanation or proof of something else อาง, กลาวอางcitizen - someone who has the right to live permanently in a particular country พลเมองcivil aviation - non-military aviation การบนพลเรอนcivil lawsuit - a case filed with a court that deals with non-criminal matters, especially
complaints made by people against other people or organisations คดทยนฟองตอศาลแพงcivil war - a war fought by different groups of people living in the same country สงครามกลางเมองcivilian - of someone who does not belong to the armed forces or the police พลเรอนclaim - to say that something is true although it has not been proved and other peoplemay not believe it, saying that something is true although it has not been proved andother people may not believe it ขออาง ขอกลาวหา, อางclaim lives - to kill peopleclan - a very large family a group of families who are related to each other, in this case,a group of fashion designers ตระกลclarify - to make clear, to explain something more clearly so that it is easier tounderstand แจกแจง ชแจง, ทำาใหชดแจงclash - a fight between groups of people การปะทะกนสองฝายclassic - with all the features you would expect to find; very typical เปนแบบอยางclean sweep - to win all parts of a competition; to win all the seats in a particular areain an electionclear - to prove that somebody is innocent, i.e., that someone is not guilty of what theyhave been accused of พสจนวาไมมความผดclient - a customer or someone who receives services of a lawyer ลกความ, a customer orsomeone who receives services ลกคาclimate - the general weather conditions usually found in a particular place สภาพอากาศ
climax - the most exciting or important event or point in time จดสำาคญสงสดของเหตการณcling - to hold on to something tightly ตดแนน
cloak - a loose outer piece of clothing without sleeves, which fastens at the neck เสอคลมหลวม ๆclone - a person or thing that seems to be an exact copy of another โคลน, สำาเนาclosed circuit (TV) - a television system that works within a limited area, for example apublic building, to protect it from crime โทรทศนวงจรปด (ซซทว)closed-circuit video (TV) - a television system that works within a limited area, forexample a public building, to protect it from crime โทรทศนวงจรปด (ซซทว)closure - the shutting down of a school, factory or other business or service การปดclout - the power to influence events กลมอทธพลcoalition - a temporary union of different political parties that agree to form agovernment together พรรครวมรฐบาลcoalition government - a government formed by two or more political parties workingtogether รฐบาลผสมcoalition parties - the political parties making up the government พรรครวมรฐบาลcoast - an area of land beside the sea ชายฝง
coerce - to persuade someone forcefully to do something which they are unwilling to do บบบงคบcollapse - to suddenly fall down; to fail suddenly; to suddenly be unable to continue or work correctly ลมลง, ลมcollateral - property that you agree to give to a bank if you fail to pay back money that you have borrowed หลกทรพยคำาประกนcolleague - someone who works in the same organisation or department as you doเพอนรวมงานcollision - an accident in which a vehicle or person that is moving crashes into something การชนประสานงาcollude - to act together secretly or illegally in order to deceive or cheat someone สมรรวมคดcollusion - secretly working together to do something dishonest การสมรรวมคดcolony - a country or an area that is governed by people from another, more powerful,country ประเทศอาณานคม, เมองขนcombination - the mixture you get when two or more things are combined การรวมกนcombined - mixed or put together รวมกนcome to nought - to be unsuccessful ไมประสบความสำาเรจ, ลมเหลว, ฝนสลายcomfort - to make somebody who is worried or unhappy feel better by being kind andsympathetic towards them ปลอบประโลม, ปลอบใจcommand - an order คำาสงcommander - the head of an army or army unit, the head of an army or army unit or ahigh-ranking police officer, a police offer of high rank ผบงคบบญชา
commando - a soldier trained to attack in areas controlled by an enemy สมาชกของหนวยจโจมcomment - expressing an opinion แสดงความคดเหนcommentary - a newspaper article that discusses a subject and gives opinions about itบทความแสดงขอคดเหน, คำาวจารณcommentator - someone whose job is to write about a particular subject or discuss it on television or radio ผวจารณ,ผออกความเหน, ผบรรยายขาวcommercial - for business purposes เกยวกบการคาcommission - a group of people who have been formally chosen to discover information about a problem or examine the reasons why the problem exists คณะกรรมการ, คณะกรรมาธการcommissioner - a member of a commission, a group of people who have been formallychosen to discover information about a problem or examine the reasons why theproblem exists กรรมาธการ ผไดรบมอบหมายอำานาจหนาทcommit - to do something wrong or illegal ทำาความผดcommitted - loyal and willing to give your time and energy to something that you believe incommon - done or shared by two or more people ทรวมกนcommotion - a sudden short period of noise, confusion or excited movement ความสบสนวนวายcommunity - the people living in one particular area ชมชนcommute (a punishment) - to change a punishment to one that is less severe ลดโทษ
(รนแรงใหนอยลง)commuters - people who regularly travel between work and home คนเดนทางระหวางบานและททำางานcomparison - the process of comparing two or more people or things การเปรยบเทยบcompensate - to pay money to someone because something bad has happened tothem ชดเชยcompensation - money that someone receives because something bad has happenedto them เงนชดเชยcompetency - competence; the ability to do something well ความสามารถcompetition - an organised event in which people try to win something การแขงขนcompetitiveness - the ability to compete ความสามารถในการแขงขนcompetitor - a person, team or company that is competing against others ผแขงขน, คแขงcompile - to collect information from different places and arrange it in a book, report orlist รวบรวมcomplaint - when someone says that something is wrong or not satisfactory การรองเรยนcomplement - to add to something in a way that improves it or makes it more attractiveสงเสรม
complex - an area that has several parts, a large building with various connected roomsor a related group of buildings พนทประกอบดวยสวนตาง ๆcompliance - the practice of obeying a law, rule, or request การยอมทำาตามcomply - to obey a rule or law or do what someone asks you to do ปฏบตตามกฎหมายcomply with - to obey a rule or law or do what someone asks you to do ปฏบตตามcompose - to arrange the parts of something such as a photograph or a painting in orderto get a particular effect แตง(รปถาย)composition - a piece of music or art, or a poem การแตงเพลง, การประพนธcompound - an area in which a group of buildings stands บรเวณcompromise - a way of solving a problem or ending an argument in which both peopleor groups accept that they cannot have everything they want ประนประนอมconcentration - the amount of a substance in a liquid or in another substance สารทมความเขมขนconcept - a principle or idea ความคดconcern - a worry ความกงวลconcerned - involved in something, or affected by something, worried about somethingมความกงวล ทสมพนธกบconcerning - about เกยวกบconcerns - worries ความกงวลconclude - to finish จบcondition - something that must be done before another thing can happen เงอนไข
conducive - creating a situation that helps something to happen ทนำาไปส, ททำาใหเกดขนconduct - to do something in an organised way; to carry out — ลงมอทำา, ดำาเนน, ปฏบตconfession - admitting that you have done something wrong or illegal, to admit that youhave done something wrong สารภาพผด การสารภาพผดconfidence - the quality of being certain of your abilities ความมนใจconfident - being certain of your abilities or of having trust in people, plans, or the future มนใจconfined - limited จำากดในวง ในกลมconflict - angry disagreement between people or groups การตอส, ความขดแยงconfront - to stand in front of someone in a frightening way เผชญหนาconfused - unable to understand something or think clearly about it สบสนconfusion - a feeling that you do not understand something or cannot decide what to do ความสบสนcongregation - a group of people who are gathered together in a church to worship orattend a ceremony ครสตศาสนกชนทชมนมกนในโบสถconsciousness - awareness ความมสต, ความตระหนกรconsecutive - following one after another in order ตดตอกน
consent - to give permission to do something ยอมใหทำา, อนญาต
conservation - the protection of plants and animals, natural areas, and interesting andimportant structures and buildings, especially from the damaging effects of humanactivity การอนรกษธรรมชาต, การปองกนความสญเสย, การสงวนไวconsider - to regard as; to think of as ถอวาconsiderable - large in size, amount, or degree คอนขางมากconsideration - giving careful thought to something before making a decision การคดพจารณาconsole - to try to make someone feel better when they are unhappy or disappointedปลอดประโลมconspiracy - a secret plan by a group of people to do something bad or illegal การวางแผนอยางลบๆ การสมรรวมคดconspire - to plan secretly with other people to do something bad, illegal or against someone's wishes วางแผนรายรวมกนconstant - continuous; all the time ตอเนองconstantly - continuously; all the time อยางตอเนองconstituency - a district that elects its own representative to parliament เขตเลอกตงconstitution - the set of laws and basic principles that a country in governed by รฐธรรมนญConstitution Court - a court which decides whether a government law, action, political party, etc., is correct according to the constitution ศาลรฐธรรมนญconstitutional monarchy - a system in which a country is governed by a king or queen whose are limited to those given under the constitution and laws of the country ระบอบประชาธปไตยทมพระมหากษตรยเปนประมขconstitutional right - something that you are legally allowed to do or have under the constitution สทธตามรฐธรรมนญ
construction - the work of building or making something, especially buildings, bridges, etc. การกอสรางconstruction boom - time when many buildings are being builtconstruction materials - building materials, materials such as cement, concrete and ironbars, rods and girders used to build buildingsconsular affairs - matters involving government officials who represent their country in aforeign city or country กรณยกจเกยวกบกงสลconsult - to ask for information or advice from someone หารอconsultant - a person who knows a lot about a particular subject and is employed togive advice about it to other people ผใหคำาปรกษาconsultation - the act of discussing something with somebody or with a group of peoplebefore making a decision about it การปรกษาหารอ
contender - someone or something who competes with other people or things for aprize คตอส, คแขงcontent - the subject, ideas, or story that a piece of writing or a radio or televisionprogramme deals with เนอหา,สาระcontestant - someone who competes in a contest ผแขงขน ผเขาประกวดcontract - to become infected with a disease ตดเชอcontractor - a person or company whose job is to do work for another person,organisation, company, etc. ผรบเหมา
contravene - to do something that is not allowed by a rule, law, or agreement ฝาฝนcontribute - when one person among many gives things (resources) to a projectcontribute a significant chunk - give many important things (resources) to a projectcontribute to - to help cause an event or situation ชวยกอใหเกดcontribution - something that you do or give to help make something successful, aregular payment การลงทนหรอชวยเหลอ, การชวยเหลอcontroversial - causing disagreement ซงกอใหเกดการโตแยงcontroversy - a strong disagreement, especially about a public policy or moral issue, adisagreement, especially about a public policy or a moral issue that a lot of people havestrong feelings about ความขดแยง ประเดนขอขดแยงconvene - to call a meeting เรยกประชมconvenient - easy to do, or not causing problems or difficulties สะดวกconverge - to come from different directions to reach the same point ไปยงจดหมายเดยวกนconvey - to communicate something; to express a thought, feeling or idea so that it isunderstood by other people สอไปถง, สอสารconvicted - proven in a court of law to have committed a crime, having been provenguilty of a crime by a court of law ไดรบการพสจนวามความผดจรง, การกระทำาผดกฎหมายconviction - when someone is officially found to be guilty of a particular crime การพสจนวากระทำาผดconvince - to make somebody/yourself believe that something is true; to persuade
somebody to do something ทำาใหเชอ, ทำาใหแนใจ, ชกจงcooperate - to work with other people to achieve a result that is good for everyone involved รวมมอกนcooperative - willing to work with others to do something; willing to do what is asked of them ใหความรวมมอcooperatives - a farm or business owned and run by the people involved, with the profits shared by them สมาคมสหกรณcoordinate - to organise the different parts of a job or plan so that the people involvedwork together effectively ประสานงานกนcop - (informal) a police officer ตำารวจ (คำาสแลง)
cope - to deal successfully with a difficult situation รบมอกบcope with - to deal successfully with a difficult situation or job จดการกบปญหา แกปญหาcore leader(s) - the most active or most important members of a group แกนนำาcore member - one of the most active or most important members of a group แกนนำาcorniche - a road on the side of a cliff or mountain or a body of water with the groundrising on one side of the road and falling away on the other ถนนทวกเวยนตามหนาผาหรอภเขาcorporate - involving large companies บรษทใหญCorrections Department - the government department in charge of running prisons กรมราชทณฑcounsel - a lawyer who gives someone legal advice and represents them in a court of law ทนายความ
counterpart - someone who has the same job or purpose as another person or thing, but in a different country, time, situation, or organisation ผททำางานประเภทเดยวกน; ผทอยในตำาแหนงเสมอกนcountrywide - throughout a whole country ทวทงประเทศcoup (d’etat) - the seizure of power in a country by a group of people, usually members of the armed forces รฐประหารcouple - two people who are married or are involved in a romantic relationship ครกcourse - the way something develops or should develop เสนทาง, แนวทางcousin - a child of your uncle or aunt; someone who is related to you through a brother,sister, uncle, or aunt of one of your parents ลกพลกนอง, ญาตหางๆcover - to report news and sport in newspapers and on the radio and television รายงานขาวcoverage - the reporting of news and sport in newspapers and on the radio and television การรายงานขาวcower - to bend low and/or move backwards because you are frightened ทำาตวงอ (ดวยความกลว)crack - a line on a surface where something is beginning to break apart รอยแตก รอยราวcrackdown - strong action that someone in authority takes to stop a particular activityการใชกำาลงเขาปราบปรามของเจาหนาท, การใชกำาลงสลายผประทวงcrafted - done with great skill ประดษฐโดยใชฝมอcrammed - completely filled with people or things คบคงcrate - a large wooden, metal or plastic box used for moving or storing goods กลองขนาดใหญ
creative - involving a lot of imagination and new ideas ซงมความคดรเรม, ซงมความคดสรางสรรคcreativity - the ability to create new ideas or things using your imagination ความสามารถในการสรางสรรค, ความคดสรางสรรคcredibility - the degree to which someone or something can be believed or trusted ความนาเชอถอ,ความนาไววางใจcremation - the burning of a dead body, usually as a part of a ceremony การเผาศพ
crew - a group of people who work together to do a job กลมคนททำางานรวมกนcrew member - a people who work on a ship, aircraft, etc. ลกเรอcriminal - relating to illegal acts, someone who has committed a crime, i.e., someonewho has carried out an illegal activity or action ผททำาผดกฎหมาย, เกยวกบอาชญากรรมCriminal Court - a court which hears criminal cases, i.e., cases where people areaccused of breaking a law and where punishment involves possible going to jail. ศาลอาญาcrippled - damaged and prevented from working properly ทพง ทใชการcrisis - an urgent, difficult or dangerous situation วกฤตการณ, a situation that has reachedand extremely difficult or dangerous point ชวงวกฤตcriteria - a standard that is used for judging something or for making a decision aboutsomething บรรทดฐาน
critical (condition) - very seriously ill or injured and might die, very serious วกฤต, อาการหนกcriticism - comments that show that you think something is wrong or bad การวจารณcritics - people who don’t like something and who state their opinion about it นกวจารณcrop - a plant grown for food, usually on a farm พชผลcross-examination - (in court) asking a witness questions during a trial after anotherlawyer has already asked them questionscrown - to put a crown on the head of a new king or queen as a sign of royal power มอบตำาแหนงสงสดให, ครองตำาแหนงcrucial - extremely important because it effects the result of something สำาคญยงcue - evidence or information that helps to solve or understand a problem สญญาณcuisine - a style of cooking ประเภทอาหารculprit - someone who has done something wrong ผกระทำาความผดcurl up - to form a curved or round shape ขดตวcurrency - the system of money that a country uses เงนตราcurrent - of the present time, a strong movement of water in one direction กระแสนำาปจจบนcurrent affairs - issues and subjects that are in the news nowcurrent(s) - the steady flowing motions of the water in rivers, lakes or the sea กระแสนำาcurrently - at this time; now ในปจจบนcurriculum - the group of subjects studied in a school, college, etc หลกสตร
curtain - a long piece of cloth that hangs down or covers a window มานcushion a blow - reducing the force of one thing hitting another thing (example: therubber bumpers on the front and rear of the bus reduce damage if the bus hits something)custody - under the control of the police, usually in a jail อยใตการคมครองcustom - an accepted way of behaving or of doing things in a society or a communityขนบธรรมเนยมcustom-made - specially made for a particular purpose ซงสรางตามคำาสงเฉพาะของลกคาคนเดยวcut it - to be satisfying; to be effective ทำาใหพงพอใจ
Ddam - a wall built across a river to stop the water from flowing, especially in order tocreate a lake or to help to produce electric power เขอนdamaged - harmed physically making something less attractive, useful or valuableเสยหาย, ชำารดdare - to be brave enough to do something กลาdaredevil - a person who enjoys doing dangerous things, in a way that other people maythink is stupid คนทกลาทำาในสงทเสยงมากdash dreams - to make it impossible for someone to do what they hoped to do ทำาใหไมสมหวง, ทำาใหผดหวง, ทำาใหเสยกำาลงใจdate - to have a romantic relationship with somebody นดพบ
daub - to spread a wet substance such as paint on a surface in a careless way เปรอะเป อน, ละเลง, สาดdawn - the beginning of the day, when it begins to get light รงอรณ, เชาตรde facto - in reality; in fact อยางแทจรง, อนทจรง, ตามความจรงdead end - a road or path that ends and you can go no further ทางตนdeal - a formal agreement, especially in business or politics การตกลงซอขาย, ขอตกลง, การซอขายdeal with - to take action to solve a problem, to take appropriate action in a particularsituation or according to who you are talking to, managing, etc. รบมอ, จดการปญหาdean - a senior official at a college or university, often the head of a faculty or department คณบดdeath toll - the number of people killed ยอดผเสยชวตdebate - a discussion in which people or groups state different opinions about a subjectการอภปราย, การโตวาท, การถกเถยงdebris - broken pieces that are left when something large has been destroyed เศษ ซากปรกหกพง ซากสงของทถกทำาลาย, the broken pieces that are left when something large hasbeen destroyed ซากปรกหกพงdebt - an amount of money that you owe หนdebut - performing for the first time การเปดตวdecades - periods of ten years เปนสบๆปdecisive - making the final result of a situation completely certain ซงมลกษณะชขาด,แนวแน,ซงตดสนใจแลว
declaration - an official announcement that something is true or is happening การประกาศdeclare - to announce officially that something is true or happening ประกาศdecoration - a thing that makes something look more attractive on special occasionsเครองประดบdecrease - to become less ลดลง, นอยลง
decree - an official decision or order made by a leader or government พระราชกฤษฎกาdecry - to strongly criticise somebody/something, especially publicly วพากษวจารณอยางรนแรงdedicated to - used only for one specific thing ทกำาหนดใชในทางใดทางหนงโดยเฉพาะdeemed - considered เหนวา ถอวาdefamation (adjective form: defamatory; verb form: - the offence of writing or sayingsomething bad about someone that is not true and makes people have a bad opinion ofthem การใสรายdefault - failure to repay a debt การไมยอมชำาระหน การผดสญญาdefeat - a loss ความพายแพdefence - all the things that are said and shown in a court case to prove that someoneis not guilty การสคดdefend - to say things to support someone or something ปกปอง
defendant - someone who has been accused of a crime and is on trial จำาเลยdefending champion - a player or team who won a competition the previous time itwas held ผชนะเลศครงกอนdeferment - delay; making something happen at a later time than originally planned orexpected การเลอนdefiant - refusing to obey or respect a person or rule แสดงการทาทาย, ไมยอมทำาตาม, ไมเชอฟงdeforestation - the act of cutting down or burning the trees in an area การตดไมทำาลายปาdefunct - no longer existing, operating or being used ถกยบ, หยดทำางานdefy gravity - to seemingly be able to go up into the air without being pulled back bygravity สามารถตอตานแรงโนมถวงdeity - a goddelay - to make something happen at a later time than originally planned or expectedเลอนdeliberately - done intentionally; done on purpose จงใจ ตงใจdeliberation - considering or discussing something การปรกษาหารอdelight - to give somebody a lot of pleasure and enjoyment ทำาใหดใจ, ทำาใหปลมปตdelighted - very happy or satisfied about something ยนดมาก,สขใจdeluge - a sudden, very heavy rainfall or a sudden flow of a large amount of water ฝนตกหนก นำาปรมาณมาก
demand - the need and desire to buy goods and services by households andbusinesses, a very firm request for something ขอเรยกรอง, การเรยกรอง, the amount of aproduct or service that people want, to ask for something very firmly เรยกรอง, ตองการความตองการdemonstrate - to show something and explain how it works สาธต
demonstration - an occasion when a large group of people protest about something,showing something and explaining how it works การสาธต การชมนมประทวงdemonstrators - people who march with other people in public to show that theysupport or oppose something ผชมนมประทวงden - a place where people meet in secret, especially for some illegal or immoralactivity บอนdenial - a refusal to allow somebody to have something, a statement that something isnot true or did not happen การปฎเสธ, การไมยอมรบdeny - to say that something is not true or does not exist ปฏเสธdeparture - leaving การออกจากdependence - the state of needing the help and support of somebody/something inorder to survive or be successful การพงพาอาศยdependency - needing somebody/something in order to survive or be successful การ
พงพาอาศยdepict - to represent or show something in a picture or story พรรณนา, บรรยายใหเหนภาพdeploy - (of police or soldiers) to put in place ready for action สง (ทหารตำารวจ) ประจำาการdeposed - forced from a position of power ทถกปลด ไลออกจากตำาแหนงdeposit - to put money into a bank account ฝากเงน (ทางการธนาคาร)depression - an area where the air pressure is low, often causing heavy rain พายดเปรสชนdeprive - to prevent someone from having something ทำาใหไมไดรบdepth - the distance down below the top surface of something ความลกdeputy - a person whose rank is immediately below that of the leader of an organisation, a person who is given the power to do something instead of anotherperson, or the person whose rank is immediately below that of the leader of an organisation รอง, ตวแทน,ผรกษาการแทนderive from - to get something from something else ไดมาจากdescend - to go down ลงมาdeserve - of something that you earn or are given because of your behavior or qualitiesสมควรไดรบdesignated - marked, separated, or given a name for a particular purpose ถกกำาหนดdesire - a strong wish to have or do something ความอยาก, ความประสงค, ความตองการdespair - the feeling that there is no hope and that you can do nothing to improve a
difficult or worrying situation สนหวง, ความรสกสนหวง, ความหมดหวงdesperate - in an extreme or worried way, very worried or confused because you do notknow how to deal with an unpleasant or dangerous situation อยางสนหวง อยางหมดหวงอยางเตมทdessert - sweet food eaten at the end of a meal ของหวาน, ขนมหวาน
destination - the place where someone or something is going, a place where tourists goจดหมายปลายทางdetail - to give a list of facts or all the available information about something อธบายโดยละเอยด, ชแจงรายละเอยดdetails - small facts or pieces of information relating to a situation รายละเอยดdetain - to keep someone in a police station or prison and not allow them to leave กกตว ควบคมตวหรอฝากขงdetained - kept in a place and not allowed to leave กกตว ควบคมตวหรอฝากขงdetective - a person employed by somebody to find out information about somebody/something; a person, especially a police officer, whose job is to examinecrimes and catch criminals นกสบ; ผสบสวนdetermine - to decide what will be done or happen กำาหนดdetermined - having made a firm decision to do something and to not let anyone prevent you, wanting to do something very much and not letting anyone or any
difficulties stop you แนนอน,ซงตดสนใจแลว, ตงใจจรง, ซงมงมนdevastated - badly damaged or destroyed, upset and shocked หมดหวง, ตกตะลง, สะเทอนใจ, ถกทำาลายลางdevastation - damage or destruction affecting a large area or a lot of people การทำาลายลาง, การทำาใหเสยหายอยางรนแรงdevelopment - the process of using an area of land, especially to make a profit bybuilding on it, etc การพฒนาdiabetes - a serious medical condition in which your body does not produce enoughinsulin to reduce the amount of sugar in the blood โรคเบาหวานdialogue - conversations in a book, play, or film/movie, a formal talk between people,groups, etc. การสนทนา, บทสนทนา, บทพดdiarrhoea - having a lot of liquid faeces coming out of the body because of illness อาการทองรวงdictatorial - using power in an unreasonable way by telling people what to do and notlistening to their views or wishes อยางเผดจการdie-hard - very loyal; hard core จงรกภกดdiet - the food and drink usually taken by a person or group อาหารdig - a remark that is intended to annoy or upset somebody คำาพดทตงใจจะรบกวนdignitary - a person who has an important official position บคคลทมตำาแหนงสง, ผมฐานะสงสงdilution - making a liquid weaker by adding water or another liquid to it การละลาย
diplomatic - relating to relations between countries เกยวกบการทตdire - very serious or extreme เลวรายมากdisabled - having a condition, especially a physical one, that limits your activities in some way พการ
disadvantage - something that makes someone or something less effective, successfulor attractive ขอเสยเปรยบ ขอดอยdisappear - to no longer exist; to no longer be in use หายไป, สาบสญ, สญหายdisappearance - moving something or someone somewhere where they can no longerbe seen การหายไป, การสาบสญ, การสญหายdisappointed - unhappy because someone or something was not as good as you hopedor expected, or because something did not happen ผดหวงdisaster - an unexpected event, such as a very bad accident, a flood or a fire, that kills alot of people or causes a lot of damage ความหายนะ ความลมจม ความโชคราย, somethingvery bad that happens and causes a lot of damage or kills a lot of people ความหายนะ ภยพบตDisaster Prevention and Mitigation Department - the government department in charge of preparing country to prevent and deal with disasters กรมปองกนและบรรเทาสาธารณภยdisastrous - extremely bad or unsuccessful ซงทำาใหเกด (ภยพบต, ความหายนะ, ความโชคราย)
disband - (of a group) to end; to stop working together ยบ, เลก,ทำาใหสลายdisbanded - (of a group) dissolved; ended; stopped working together ถกยบdisburse - to pay money to someone from a large amount that has been collected for apurpose เบกจายdischarge - to let a liquid flow out ปลอยออก, ขบออกdisciplinary punishment - punishment of people who do not obey the rules การลงโทษเนองจากการฝาฝนวนย หรอระเบยบdiscipline - the ability to control your actions วนยdisclose - to give information to people เปดเผยdisembark - to leave a vehicle, especially a ship or an aircraft, at the end of a journeyออกจากพาหนะdisguise - to change the way something appears so that people will not recognise whatit is ปลอมแปลงdisheartened - a feeling of disappointment, i.e., that you have lost hope and energyหมดกำาลงใจ,ทอใจdismantle - to take something apart รอdismiss - to refuse to accept that something might be true or important ไมสนใจ,แยงกลบdisoriented - to make somebody unable to recognize where they are or where theyshould go สบสนและไมเขาใจวาอะไรเกดขนรอบตวเองdispersal - (of a crowd of people) the process of causing to separate and leave indifferent directions การสลายฝงชนdisperse - (of a crowd) to cause to separate and move in different directions, i.e., to endbeing a crowd สลายฝงชน สลาย (การชมนม)
display - to put something in a particular place so that people can see it easily โชว, แสดง
disposal - the process of throwing something away or getting rid of it การกำาจดdispute - a serious disagreement การโตเถยง, ความขดแยงdisqualify - to not allow someone to do something because they have committed an offence ทำาใหหมดสภาพdisrupt - to interrupt something and prevent it from continuing by creating a problem, toprevent something from continuing as usual or as expected ทำาใหยงเหยง, ทำาใหยงยาก ไดรบการกระทบกระเทอน ถกทำาใหหยดชะงกdisrupted - interrupted and prevented from continuing smoothly by creating problemsขดขวางdissolution - the process of officially ending the existence of a group of organisation การยบ (พรรค สภา)dissolution of the House - formally ending the House of Representatives, usuallyleading to a general election การยบสภาdissolve - (of a group) to end, to be absorbed by a liquid, especially when mixed ละลายยบ (พรรค)distract - to take your attention away from something ทำาใหไขวเขว เสยสมาธdistraught - extremely upset, worried or confused จตวาวน, วาวนใจ, สบสนdistribute - to give out information to many different places แจกจาย
distribution - the process of giving something out, the process of giving something out tomany different places การแจกจายdisturb - to interrupt somebody or cause them to stop when they are trying to work,sleep, etc รบกวนdisunity - a situation in which people are not in agreement or are not working togetherto achieve an aim, a lack of agreement between people การขาดความสามคค,การแตกแยกditch - a long narrow open channel dug into the ground usually at the side of a road orfield, which is used especially for supplying or removing water, or for dividing land คนำาdive - to jump into the water ดำานำาdiver - a person who works underwater, usually with special equipment นกดำานำาdiverse - including people from many different backgrounds; very different from eachother หลากหลายdivert - to cause something to change direction เบนเสนทางเดนนำา, เปลยนเสนทางเดนนำาdivorce - a legal way of ending a marriage การหยาdomestic - ในประเทศ within the countrydomesticated - (of wild animals) used to living with or working for humans เชองdominate - to control, to be the most important thing ครอบคลม ควบคมdonation - money or goods that you give to an organisation, especially one that helpspeople เงนหรอสงของบรจาคdosage - an amount of drug that you take at a single time ปรมาณยาทใหตอครง
double - to become twice as big, twice as much or twice as many เพมเปนสองเทาdownfall - a sudden loss of power, status, or success ความตกตำา,การตกลงมาอยางแรงหรออยางกะทนหนdownplay - to make something seem less important or less bad than it really is แสดงหรออธบายถงสงใดสงหนงโดยแสรงวาไมสำาคญหรอไมแยนกdownpour - a lot of rain in a short time ฝนตกหนกมาก, พายฝนdownstream - in the direction that a river or stream is flowing ตามกระแสนำาdrab - not colourful or interesting สไมสดใส, สนำาตาลอมเหลองdrain - to cause water or fluid to flow out ระบายออกdrainage - the system of water or waste liquids flowing away from somewhere into theground or down pipes การระบายนำาdrama - an event or situation, especially an unexpected one, in which there is worry orexcitement and usually a lot of action, something exciting or unusual that happensพฤตกรรมเกนจรง, เรองเราใจdramatic - exciting and impressive ตนเตนเราใจdraping - cloth or a piece of clothing fitting loosely over something ประดบดวยผาคลมdrastic - having a very big effect มผลกระทบอยางใหญหลวงdraw - to attract or interest somebody, to choose a card or ticket, without seeing what ison it จบ (ฉลาก) ดงดดความสนใจdredge - to remove unwanted things from the bottom of a river, lake, etc. using asucking or other device ขดลอก
drive - to force something to go in a particular direction or into a particular position bypushing it, hitting it, etc ต, ผลก,ผลกดนdrop by - to pay an informal visit to a person or a place เยยมเยยนอยางไมเปนทางการdrown - to sink under water and die จมนำาdrunk - having had too much alcohol to drink, i.e., drunk or intoxicated, a person whohas had too much alcohol to drink, i.e., drunk or intoxicated คนเมา, มนเมาdubbed - given a name ตงฉายา, ตงชอเลนใหdud - someone or something that is very disappointing สงทไมไดผลdue - expected to happen or should happen มกำาหนดdue to - because of เนองจากdusk - the time before night when it is not yet dark เวลาเยนกอนคำาdwindle - to become gradually less or smaller over a period of time ลดลงไปทละนอยdyke - a wall built to prevent the sea or a river from covering an area, or a channel dugto take water away from an area เขอนกนนำา
EE20 - 20% ethanol mixed with 80% gasolineE85 - an ethanol fuel mixture of around 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline, widely used asa fuel in Brazil and Sweden, becoming increasingly common in the United States, mainly
in the Midwest where corn is a major crop, there are about 1500 gasoline stations sellingE85 to the public in the US eco fuel, alternative fuels, biofuels, biofuel substitutes forgasoline - gasoline substitutes such as ethanol from agricultural crops such as sugar,corn, cassava, or palm oil (See Wikipedia on biofuels,biodiesel, and list of energy crops)eager - wanting to do or get something very much or enthusiastic about something thatwill happen กระตอรอรนearmark - to keep or intend something for a particular purposeearthquake - a sudden shaking movement of the ground แผนดนไหวease - to make a problem, situation or pain less severe or serious บรรเทาecclesiastical - of a high-ranking Buddhist monk ราชาคณะecho - to repeat a noise because the sound hits a surface and returns; the sound thismakes สะทอน, เสยงสะทอนeconomic recovery - when the economy gets better (more jobs, higher incomes) การฟ นฟสภาพecosystem - all the plants and animals in a particular area, considered as a system withparts that depend on one another ระบบทเกดจากความสมพนธระหวางสงมชวตและสงแวดลอมeditor - a person who is in charge of a newspaper, magazine, etc, or part of one, andwho decides what should be included บรรณาธการeditorial - a newspaper article in which the editor gives their opinion on an issue in thenews บทบรรณาธการefficient - effective and well organised มประสทธภาพ
effort - an attempt to do something ความพยายามEl Nino - unusually warm ocean temperatures in the Equatorial Pacificelaborate - containing a lot of careful detail or many detailed parts ทประณต, ซบซอน,ละเอยด,ทบรรจงelastic - a material that stretches easily and returns to its original shape quicklyelder - an old person, older ทอายมากกวา ผสงวย, ผอาวโส, ผอายมากelderly - (of people) old สงวย, อาวโส, อายมากelect - of someone who has been elected to a position but has not yet taken power วาทElection Commission - the independent government agency that oversees electionsคณะกรรมการเลอกตงelectoral base - an area where there is a lot of support for a political party ฐานเสยง, ฐานทมน
electorate - all the people in a country or area who are allowed to vote ผทมสทธเลอกตงทงหมดในทองทหรอเขตหนงๆelectrocute - to kill or injure someone with electricity ฆาหรอทำารายดวยกระแสไฟฟาelevated - raised above the ground, or higher than the surrounding area ซงอยในระดบทสงกวาสงอนeligible - allowed by rules or laws to do something or to receive something มสทธ
elsewhere - another place or other places ทอนelusive - difficult to describe, find, achieve or remember ซงหลบหลก, ยากทจะหา, ยากทจะเขาใจemaciated - very thin and weak, usually because of illness or extreme hunger ผอมแหง(เนองจากขาดอาหารหรอปวยเปนโรค)embankment - thick walls of earth or sandbags intended to prevent water from a riveror the sea from flooding the area เขอน,มลดน,ตลงทาง,การสรางเขอนกนembarrassed - feeling ashamed, nervous, worried or uncomfortable รสกอายembassy - a building where a group of officials work who represent their government ina foreign country, a group of officials who represent their government in a foreign country สถานทตembezzle - to secretly take money that is in your care or that belongs to an organisation or business you work for ยกยอกเงน, ฉอโกงเงนembroiled - involved in a difficult situation พวพนอยในemerge - to come out of ออกจากemerged - became known เปนทประจกษตอemotion - strong feeling such as anger or love, or strong feelings in general อารมณemploy - to use, to have someone work or do a job for you and pay them for it วาจาง,จาง, ใชen route - on the way; while travelling from/to a particular place ระหวางทางไปถงจดหมายปลายทางencourage - to cause someone to want to do something, to make someone more likelyto do something, or to make something more likely to happen ปลกใจ กระตน ใหการสนบสนนencouragement - words or actions that give someone confidence or hope คำาใหกำาลงใจ
encroachment - gradually covering more and more of an area of land การบกรกendangered - at risk or in danger of being harmed, damaged or destroyed เปนอนตรายendorse - to express support for something, to officially approve รบรอง, แสดงความเหนชอบendorsed - officially approved, to express support for something แสดงความเหนชอบ,รบรองendure - to suffer something difficult or unpleasant in a patient way over a long periodof time อดทนเพอใหผานเวลาหรอเหตการณทเลวรายengage in - to take part in a particular activity มสวนรวมในengaged - involved, paying close attention, trying to understand ใสใจ, สนใจengagement - an agreement to marry somebody; the period during which two peopleare engaged การหมน
enormous - extremely large มหาศาลenrol - register, sign up, to put yourself onto the official list of members of a course or college ลงทะเบยน, สมครensure - to make certain that something happens or is done ใหการยนยน, รบรอง, ใหความมนใจenthusiast - a person who is very interested in something and spends a lot of time doing it คนทกระตอรอรนenthusiastic - very interested in something or excited about it อยางสนใจ กระตอรอรนenvironmental - involving the place in which people live and work, including all the physical conditions that affect them, the place in which people live and work, including
all the physical conditions that affect them สภาพแวดลอม, เกยวกบสภาพแวดลอม, สงแวดลอมenvoy - someone who is sent as a representative from one government or organization to another ทตepisode - one of the single parts into which a story is divided, especially when it is broadcast on the television or radio, an event or set of events that forms part of a longer series but is considered separately กรณ, ตอน,ฉาก, ตอนequally - evenly; the same for all อยางเทากนeradicate - to get rid of completely or destroy something bad กำาจดจนหมดสนerase - to remove something completely ลบerect - to put the parts of something together so that it stands upright ตงขนerosion - gradually destroying the surface of something through the action of wind, rain, etc; to be gradually destroyed in this way การกดกรอน,การเซาะescalate - to become much worse or more serious, or to make something do this, to become much more serious or much worse ทำาใหเพมขน, ทำาใหมากขน ทำาใหเลวรายลงescape - getting away from a place where you are in danger การหนescort - to go with someone คมessence - the most important part of something, usually the part that gives it its generalcharacter แกนessential - necessary ทจำาเปนessentially - the true, important or basic nature of somebody/something เปนหลก, อยางตามความจรง
establish - to discover, prove, or decide that something is true, to start having a relationship, to start something กอตง, จดตง, ตงความสมพนธ, พสจน, แสดงใหเหนestablished - be in a successful position over a long period of time มตำาแหนงทมนคงestablishment - the process of starting or creating something, an organisation, an institution or a hotel สถานประกอบการ, การสถาปนา, การกอตง, การจดตงestimate - to say what you think an amount or value is or will be, either by using available information or by guessing, an amount that you guess or calculate using the information available ประมาณการ คาดคะเน
estimated - thought to be a particular amount, size, etc. based on a guess or the bestinformation available ประมาณการethanol - "the most widely used renewable biofuel today. Ethanol is made byconverting starch crops into sugars, the sugars are fermented into ethanol which is thendistilled into its final form"ethics - a set of principles people use to decide what is right and what is wrong จรยธรรมethnicity - belonging to a particular ethnic group ลกษณะของเชอชาตหรอกลมชนทเหมอนกนหรอตางกนeuthanise - to kill a sick or injured animal or person in a way in which they feel no pain,usually by giving them drugs ฆาอยางไมเจบปวด, ฆาหรอชวยใหบคคลททกขทรมานจากโรคหรออาการบาดเจบทรกษาไมหาย ตายอยางไมเจบปวด
evacuate - to cause to leave a place because it is not safe เคลอนยายออกจากevacuation - moving people from a place of danger to a safer place การอพยพevacuee - a person who leaves a place of danger ผอพยพeventually - at the end of a period of time or at the end of a process ในทสดevidence - facts statements or objects that help to prove whether or not someone hascommitted a crime หลกฐานevil - a force that causes bad things to happen; morally bad behaviour สงทชวรายevoke - to bring a feeling, a memory or an image into your mind ทำาใหระลกความหลง, ทำาใหระลกถงexact - to make something bad happen to somebodyexactly - precisely อยางเทยงตรง,อยางถกตอง,อยางแมนยำา,อยางแนนอน,อยางละเอยดexceed - to be more than something; to go beyond a limit เกนกวาทกำาหนดexcerpt - a part of a longer speech, song, text, etc. บทคดยอexcess - greater than is usual; too much of something มากเกนปรมาณทพอดexcessive - much greater than is usual; too much of something มากเกนปรมาณทพอดexclusive - limited to only one person or group of people แตผเดยวexcuse - a reason that you give to explain why you have done something bad, or whyyou have not done something that you should have done ขอแกตว, ขออางexecutive - a senior manager in a business or other organisation ผบรหาร
exhausted - extremely tired เหนดเหนอยexhibition - a public show where art or other interesting things are put so that people can go and look at them นทรรศการ งานแสดงexist - to be real; to be present in a place or situation มอยexisting - used now ทมอยexit - to leave ออกจากexpansion - when something increases in size, number or importance การขยายออกexpedite - to make something happen quickly or easily เรง
expenses - money spent for a particular purpose คาใชจายexpertise - a high level of knowledge or skill, someone who has a particular skill or whoknows a lot about a particular subject ผเชยวชาญ, ทกษะความร, ความคดเหนของผเชยวชาญexpire - to come to an end or stop being in use หมดอายexport - to sell and send to another country สงออกexpose - to make something publicly known because you believe it is illegal or dishonest ตแผ เปดเผยexposed - open, uncovered or unprotected ซงเปดออกexposure - the state of being put into a situation in which something harmful or dangerous might affect you การสมผส, การเปดรบextended - made longer or larger ซงยาวออกไป, ซงกวางออกไป, ซงยดออกไปextended family - a family group with a close relationship among the members that
includes not only parents and children but also uncles, aunts, grandparents, etc ครอบครวขยาย, ครอบครวใหญextension - an increase in the power of effect of something ขยายขอบเขตออกไปextension lines - extra train lines to go to more places farther awayextent - size; the degree to which something happens or is likely to happen ขนาดขอบเขตextinction - a situation in which a plant, an animal, a way of life, etc. stops existing การสญพนธextortion - the crime of trying to obtain something by force or threat การขกรรโชก รดไถextortionist - a person who commits the crime of extortion ผรายคดขกรรโชก โจรรดไถextra-judicial killing - a killing (normally carried out by police and often in self defence)that has not been officially approved by a court วสามญฆาตกรรมextradition - sending someone accused of a crime back to the country where the crimewas committed for trial or punishment การสงผรายขามแดนextramarital affair - a sexual relation outside of marriage, involving someone who is already marriedextraordinary - very unusual and surprising เกนธรรมดา, ผดธรรมดาextreme - very great in degree, much more severe or serious than usual ทรนแรงทสด, ทสดextricate - to free somebody/something or yourself from a place where they/it or youare trapped ชวยใหหลดพน (อยางยากลำาบาก)exult - to feel and show that you are very excited and happy because of something thathas happened ดใจ, ยนด
Ffabric - cloth, especially when it is used for making things such as clothes or curtainsfabulous - extremely good เยยมface - to (likely or possibly) have to deal with a problem เผชญ, พบ, เจอface (a problem or danger) - to (likely) have to deal with a problem เผชญ, พบ, เจอfacilitate - to make it possible or easier for something to happen ทำาใหสะดวกขนfacility - a building used for a particular purposefactor - a fact or situation which influences the result of something ปจจยfad - something that is popular or fashionable only for a short time กระแสนยม แฟชนสมยนยมfaeces - solid waste from your body อจจาระfaint - to suddenly become unconscious for a short time, and usually fall to the ground เปนลมfair - quite large in number, size or amount มากพอประมาณ, มากพอสมควรfairytale - like a traditional children’s story in which magic things happen เทพนยายfake - made to look or seem like something real to trick people ปลอม, เทยม, เกfall victim to - to be harmed by something เปนเหยอ
famed - famous; well known ทมชอเสยงfantastic - extremely good เยยมยอด, วเศษfare - to do, especially how well or how bad ทำา, เปนไปfashionista - someone who is very interested in fashion or who works in the fashion industryfate - the things that happen to someone, especially unpleasant things ชะตากรรมfatigue - a condition of being very tired เหนดเหนอยfault - the responsibility for something wrong that has happened or been done ขอผดพลาด, ขอบกพรองfavour - to give an advantage to someone or something, often in an unfair way, a thingthat you do to help somebody ความชวยเหลอ ความเออเฟ อ ชวยเหลอfavourable - good for something and making it likely to be successful or have an advantage ซงอำานวยประโยชนfavourite - a person or team who is expected to win a competition, something you likethe best of all similar things ทชอบมาก,ทโปรดปราน ผแขงขนทมหวงชนะมากทสดfeature - to include someone or something as an important part, (in newspapers, ontelevision, etc.) a special article or programme about somebody/something สารคดพเศษ มบทบาทสำาคญใน ทำาใหเดนfederal - relating to the central government, and not to the government of a region, ofsome countries such as the United States เกยวกบสหพนธรฐfederation - a large organisation made up of several smaller organisations or groups thatshare similar aims สหพนธ, สมาคมfee - an amount of money that you pay to be allowed to do something คาธรรมเนยม
feisty - active, forceful and full of determination คลองแคลว, กระฉบกระเฉง
feeble-minded - having less than usual intelligence; weak and unable to make decisionsปญญาออน, โง, งเงาfemale - being a woman or a girl สตร, ผหญง, เพศหญงfeminine - having the qualities or appearance considered to be typical of women;connected with women เปนผหญง,ของผหญง, เกยวกบลกษณะของผหญงfemininity - the qualities that are considered to be typical of women; the fact of being awoman ความเปนผหญงfestive - connected with a festival or celebration รนเรง, เกยวกบเทศกาลfever - an abnormally high body temperature ไขfiancé e - the woman that a man is engaged to, i.e., the woman he has promised to marry คหมนหญงfierce - very strong รนแรง, ดเดอดfight back tears - to try not to cryfigure - someone who is important in some way, a number representing a particularamount, especially one given in official information ตวเลข, จำานวนเลข บคคลสำาคญfigurine - a small statue or model of a person or an animal รปแกะสลกเลก ๆ , รปประดบเลกๆfile - to take official action like making a complaint ยนคำารอง
file a complaint - to make an official statement that someone has done something wrong ยนคำารองfile a petition - to ask someone in authority to do something ยนคำารองfile a report - to send in a report, in this case to a news organisation สงตนฉบบไป (ทสำานกขาว)financial - involving money เกยวกบเงน, ทางการเงนfinancial assistance - help with money ความชวยเหลอทางการเงนfinancially - involving money ทางการเงนfind guilty - to prove in a court of law that someone has committed a crime พสจนวามความผดfine - to be required to pay an amount of money because you have broken the law ปรบเปนเงน, คาปรบfine quality rubber - high quality rubberfire - to shoot a weapon ยงfire extinguishers - a can of chemicals used to spray on a fire, to end (put out) the firefirm - a business or company บรษทfishery - an area of water where fish are caught so they can be sold พนทในการจบปลาfit - suitable; of the right quality; with the right qualities or skills ทเหมาะสมfixed - staying the same; not changing or able to be changed ทไมเปลยนfixing - dishonestly arranging something so that it has the result you want ใชวธการอนมชอบ, เลหเหลยมเขาคมflattering - making someone look or seem better or more attractive than usual
flash flood - a flood that happens suddenly without warning นำาทเกดทวมในทตำาโดยฉบพลนทนทและไหลลดลงอยางรวดเรวflattered - to be pleased because somebody has made you feel important or specialรสกไดรบการยกยอfled (past of flee) - escaped; left an area very quickly because of a danger there หนไปflee - to leave a place or person quickly because you are afraid of possible danger หนอพยพflee (past form: fled) - to leave a place or person quickly because you are afraid of possible danger หน อพยพflee for your life - to escape a very dangerous situation หนไปflexible - able to change to suit new conditions or situations เปลยนแปลงได,แกไดfloat - to be lighter than air, and to move slowly through it, to rest or move slowly onthe surface of a liquid and not sink; to be lighter than air, and to move slowly through itลอยบนผวนำาหรอในอากาศ ลอยflock - to go someone in large numbers; to gather together in large numbers แหกนไปflood - to do in large numbers เขามาอยางทวมทนflora - the plants of a particular area, type of environment or period of time พชทขนในเฉพาะพนทflourish - to grow or develop successfully เจรญรงเรอง, เจรญเตบโตflow - a movement of water การไหลfluid - a liquid (a subtance that can flow, has no fixed shape and not a solid or gas (นำา but not just "water" ) ของเหลว, ของไหล
fly in the face of - to be the opposite of what is usual or accepted ตรงกนขามfocal point - the most important, interesting, or attractive part of something, that you concentrate on or pay particular attention to จดโฟกส, จดสนใจfocus - to give attention, effort, etc. to one particular subject, situation or person rather than another, the thing or person that people are most interested in จดสนใจ, จดสำาคญ, จดหลก, เพงความสนใจfond - to have a like for someone or something ชอบfool - to trick somebody into believing something that is not true หลอกลวง, ลวงใหเขาใจผดfootage - film or video of a particular subject or event ฟลมหรอคลปภาพยนตร หรอวดโอfor the sake of - for the benefit or good of someone or something เพอforebear - a person in your family who lived a long time ago บรรพบรษforecast - a statement about what will happen in the future based on information available now พยากรณforeclosure - the process of taking someone’s property because they failed to pay back the money that they borrowed to buy it การยดทรพยสนทจำานองไวforensic science - the use of scientific methods to solve crimes or to find out why something happened นตวทยาศาสตร
forge - to develop a successful relationship หลอม สานสมพนธ
forgive - to stop feeling angry with somebody who has done something to harm, annoy or upset you ยกโทษให, อภยใหforgiveness - the act of forgiving somebody; willingness to forgive somebody การใหอภย, การอภยโทษform - how well somebody/something is performing; the fact that somebody/something is performing well ระดบความสามารถ, ฝมอ, ความเกงformal - official; following an agreed or official way of doing things, very correct and suitable for official or important occasions เปนพธการ, เปนพธ,ตามแบบ,ตามระเบยบformer - of or in an earlier time; before the present time or in the past อดต, แตกอนfortnight - a period of two weeks ในสองสปดาหfortune-teller - a person who tells you what they think will happen to you in the future หมอดforum - a place where people can express their ideas and opinions การประชมแสดงความคดเหนfound - to start an organisation, company, political party etc สราง, กอตง, สถาปนาfoundation - supporting structure, an organisation that provides money for things such as medical research or for a charity มลนธ, รากฐานfounder - a person who establishes an institution, business, or organisation ผกอตงfountain - a structure from which water is sent up into the air by a pump, used to decorate parks and gardens/yards นำาพเทยม, นำาพ, นำาพประดษฐfrantically - behaving in a wild and uncontrolled way because you are frightened or worried; done in a very urgent way อยางไมสามารถความคมอารมณไดfraud - the crime of intentionally deceiving someone or cheating in order to gain an advantage or benefit การฉอโกง การหลอกลวง เลหเพทบาย
fray - a fight, a competition or an argument, especially one that is exciting or seen as a test of your ability การตอส, การทะเลาะววาท,การชกตอยfrenzy - (an example of) uncontrolled and excited behaviour or emotion, which is sometimes violent ความบาคลง, ความตนเตนมาก, ความบาระหำาfront - a particular area of activity ดานfulfill - to achieve something that you wanted to do, or to get something that you hoped for สำาเรจfull-scale - as complete and thorough as possible; all-out การใชทรพยากรทมอยอยางเตมทfund-raiser - a social event or an entertainment held in order to collect money for a person, charity or an organisation การระดมทนfundamental - central; forming the necessary basis of something; serious and very important; affecting the most central and important parts of something ซงเปนรากฐานสำาคญ, มลฐานfunds - money needed or available to spend on something เงนทนfuneral - a ceremony that takes place after someone dies, usually including a religious ceremony งานศพ
futile - having no effect or achieving nothing; unsuccessful เปลาประโยชนfuture - the possibility of being successful or surviving at a later time อนาคต
Ggadget - a small tool or piece of equipment that does something useful or impressive
อปกรณขนาดเลก, กลไกขนาดเลกgallery - a room or building for showing works of art, especially to the public หองแสดงผลงานศลปะgambling - the activity of betting money, for example in a game or on a horse race การพนนgarment - a piece of clothing เสอผา, เครองแตงกายgasohol fuel - a mixture of ethanol with gasolinegasohol pumps - like gasoline pumps but puts gasohol in cars insteadgasoline pumps - the machine at a gas station used to put gasoline into carsgather - to find and collect things that you need or want, to come together in a group,to search for and find things that you need or want รวบรวม รวมกลม, รวมตวกน, จบกลมกน,ชมนมgathering - a party or a meeting when many people come together as a group การรวมตว,การประชมgauge - to make a judgment or guess about a situation, action or person based on the information that you have ประเมน, ตดสนgear up - a to prepare yourself, or to prepare something for an activity or event เตรยม(บางสงเชน เครองจกร) ใหพรอมสำาหรบgecko - a small lizard (= a type of reptile ) that lives in warm countries ตกแกgender - the fact of being either male or female เพศgenerate - to produce ผลต, กอใหเกดgeneration - a group of people in society who are born and live around the same time รน (คนรนตางๆ)gentle - not strong or extreme เบาๆ, คอยๆgenuinely - really; sincerely; honestly โดยแท
gesture - a movement or action that communicates a feeling or instruction, something that you do or say to show a particular feeling or intention ทาท, ลกษณะทาทางget a grip on - to take control ofgig - a single performance by a musician or group of musicians, especially playing modern or pop music งานชวคราวgiggle - to laugh in a silly way because you are amused, embarrassed or nervous หวเราะคกคก, หวเราะตอกระซกgive chase - to start to run, drive, etc. after somebody/something in order to catch themไลตามgive up - to admit that you can’t win and stop trying ยอมแพ
glitch - a small problem or fault that prevents something from being successful or working as well as it should ความบกพรองเลกนอยgo wild - to become very excited รสกตนเตนมากgout - a disease that causes painful swelling in the joints, especially of the toes, knees and fingers โรคขอตออกเสบ, โรคเกาตgrab - to take or hold somebody/something with your hand suddenly, firmly or roughlyจบ,ฉวย,ควา,แยงgradually - slowly and in small stages or amounts อยางทละนอยgraduate - a person who has a university degree ผรบปรญญา, ผสำาเรจการศกษา
graffiti - words or pictures drawn on walls in public places การวาดภาพหรอเขยนบนกำาแพงในทสาธารณะgraft - corruption การฉอโกงGrand Slam - one of the four major tennis tournaments, including the Australian Open,the French Open, Wimbledon and the US Open การแขงขนชงแชมปรายการใหญgrant - to officially give something ใหgrant an audience - (of a king or queen) to allow a meeting to be held with the rulerพระราชทานพระราชวโรกาสใหพสกนกร หรอขาราชการเขาเฝาทลละอองธลพระบามgraphic - a diagram or picture, especially one that appears on a computer screen or in anewspaper or book ภาพกราฟฟกgrass roots - ordinary people rather than their leaders รากหญา, ชาวบานgratitude - a feeling of being grateful to someone because they have given yousomething or have done something for you ความรสกขอบคณgrave - very serious; very dangerous วกฤต, รายแรงgrimace - to make an ugly expression with your face to show pain, disgust, etc ทำาหนาตาบดเบยว,แหกหแหกตา, ทำาหนาบดบงgrind - an activity that is tiring or boring and takes a lot of time งานทนาเบอgrind to a halt - to come to a complete stopgripping - exciting or interesting in a way that keeps your attention นาสนใจ, นาดงดดใจgroom - to prepare someone for a particular job or activity by giving them special
training and attention เตรยมการ, เตรยมตวgrounds - an area of land, reasons for saying or doing something เหตผล บรเวณ, สถานทgrudge - a feeling of anger towards someone because they have done something to youthat does not seem right or fair ความบาดหมาง, ความไมพอใจ, ความคบของใจguarantee - to be certain that something will happen รบรอง, รบประกนguard - a person who protects a place or people ยาม, ผดแล, ยามรกษาการณguest - a person that you have invited to your house or to a particular event that you are paying for แขก
guidelines - official instructions or advice about how something is to be done สงทชวยแนะแนวทางใหปฏบตguilt - the fact of having done something wrong or committed a crime ความผดรวบรวมโดย ครมงคล คลงมนตร โรงเรยนรอยเอดวทยาลย จงหวดรอยเอด หนา 45guilty - having been decided by a court of law that you committed the crime your wereaccused of มความผด, the unhappy feelings caused by knowing or thinking that you havedone something wrong ความรสกผด, ความสำานก
Hhalt - to stop หยดhamper - to stop someone or something from making progress or developing; to hinder
ขดขวาง, เปนอปสรรคhandkerchief - a small piece of material or paper that you use for blowing your nose,etc. ผาเชดหนาhandle - to take action in order to deal with a difficult situation ดแล, จดการhandlebars - metal bar, with a handle at each end, that you use for steering a bicycle ormotorcycle แฮนรถhang out - to spend a relaxed time at a place or with someone ใชเวลามาก สงสรรค คยกนเชน กบเพอนๆharbour - to have a particular thought or feeling in your mindhard - difficult to do, understand or answer ยาก, ลำาบากhardship - difficulty ความลำาบากharm - damage ความเสยหายharsh - strict, unkind and often unfair อยางรนแรงharvest - the activity of collecting a crop, in this case a rice crop การเกบเกยวผลผลตhaunt - to cause repeated trouble, suffering or anxiety ทำาใหกงวล, รบกวนhave a history - a record of something happening frequently in the past life of a person,family or place; the set of facts that are known about somebody's past life มประวตheadache - a person or thing that causes worry or trouble ปญหาheated - angry โกรธ, ฉนเฉยวheavyweight - someone or something that has a lot of influence, status, or knowledgeคนทมอทธพลมาก,คนทฉลาดมากhefty - large; expensive หนก,ใหญ, แพง
herd - to make animals move together as a group ตอนสตวhesitate - to pause before you do or say something, often because you are uncertain ornervous about it ลงเลhigh tide - the period of the day where the natural rise of the seawater near the shore isthe highest นำาขน
highlight - to stress; to make something more noticeable ทเนนยำา, the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event เหตการณสำาคญ, จดสำาคญhijack - to illegally take control of a vehicle or ship ปลน จhinder - to hamper; to stop someone or something from making progess or developing ขดขวางhint - to say or do something that shows, but not directly, what is meant แยมhire - to pay someone to work for you จางhit-and-run - (of a road accident) caused by a driver who does not stop to help ทชนแลวหนhoarse - sounding rough and unpleasant, especially because of a sore throat (เสยง) แหบหาวhollow - having nothing inside เปนโพรง,เปนหลมhonour - something you do or receive that you are proud of เกยรตhordes - large numbers of people กลมใหญ,ฝงชนhorrific - so shocking that it upsets you นาขนลกhose - a long hollow tube used to carry fluids (such as water) from one location to another location (See photo on right and Wikipedia) สายยาง
hospitalise - to send somebody to a hospital for treatment ใหอยโรงพยาบาลhospitality - friendly and generous behaviour towards visitors and guests, intended to make them feel welcome การใหการตอนรบดวยความยนดhost - to introduce a television or radio programme, a show, etc., a person who introduces guests and performers, especially on television or radio ทำาหนาทเปนพธกร, พธกร, ผจดรายการhostage - a person who is the prisoner of someone who threatens to kill them if they donot get what they want ตวประกนHouse of Representatives - the main lawmaking body in Thailand, consisting of 500 members สภาผแทนราษฎรHouse speaker - the person who is in charge of most of the activities of the House ofRepresentatives ประธานสภาผแทนราษฎรhousehold - a group of people, often a family, who live together ครวเรอนhousing estate - an area containing a large number of houses or apartments built closetogether at the same time บานจดสรรhover - to stay in one place in the air บนฉวดเฉวยน,บนรอนhow the wind blows - according to the situation แลวแตสถานการณ แลวแตกรณhug - to put your arms round someone กอดhumble - showing you do not think that you are as important as other people ตำาตอย, ออนนอมถอมตนhurdle - an obstacle; a problem that you must solve before you can do something successfully อปสรรคhurt - a feeling of unhappiness because somebody has been unkind or unfair to you ความเจบปวดhydro-slide - a slide that uses water to make it slippery
hydropower - power generated by running waterhypermarket - a very large supermarket, usually built outside a town, that sells a widerange of goods หางสรรพสนคา
Iideal - an idea about what is good and right, that you try to follow in your life and behaviourอดมคตidentical - exactly the same, or very similar เหมอนกน, แบบเดยวกนidentified - named ระบชอidentify - to specify who someone is, to recognise something and understand what it is ชระบตว, ระบชอidentity - who someone is ชอ, เอกลกษณ, ลกษณะพเศษ, ลกษณะเฉพาะignition - the electrical system of a vehicle that makes the fuel begin to burn to start theengine; the place in a vehicle where you start this system การจดไฟignore - to fail to pay attention to; to pretend that you have not noticed or do not know about something เพกเฉยillegal - against the law ผดกฎหมาย, นอกกฎหมายillicit - against the law ผดกฎหมาย, not approved of by the normal rules of society, especiallyinvolving sexual relations เรองชสาวimage - an opinion that people have about someone or something, a photograph, painting, orother work of art that represents a person or thing รปภาพ ภาพลกษณ
imagine - to form a picture of something or someone in your mind นกคด, จนตนาการ, นกฝนimmediate - nearest in relationship or rank โดยตรง,ใกลชด, ,ถดมาimmediately - happening right after something else with no delay; right away ทนทimminent - expected to happen soon ในไมชา จวนเจยน จวนตวimpact - an effect or influence ผลกระทบimpassable - of a road or path that cannot be travelled on because it is blocked or because ofbad weather conditions ซงผานไปไมไดimplement - to make something such as an idea, plan, system or law start to work and be used นำาแผนหรอนโยบายมาปฏบตimplicate - to show or suggest that someone is involved in something illegal or morally wrongโยงใยถงimply - to suggest something without saying it directly บอกเปนนย, แสดงนยimpounded - taken away or taken control of by the police or by another authority ยดไวเปนของกลางimpoverished - very poor ยากจนimpractical - of something that cannot be done or used easily or effectively ซงไมมประสทธภาพเมอนำามาใชงานจรง, ทใชงานไมได
impressed - admiring someone or something very much because of an unusually good qualityor achievement ประทบใจ
impressive - something that people admire because it is very good, very large or shows greatskill ซงนาประทบใจimprove - to get better ดขนin charge of - to be in control of an activity and to check that everything is being done correctly ดแล ควบคมin check - under control ควบคมไวไดin due course - at the right time and not before ตามเวลาทเหมาะสม, ทนเวลาin exchange for - giving something to someone and receiving something else from them of asimilar type or value แลกเปลยนin favour of - supporting a person or an idea, proposal etc that you believe is right ยอมรบ,สนบสนนin full swing - having reached a very lively or busy level ดำาเนนไปอยางแขงขนเตมททสดin honour of - to show respect and admiration for somebody เปนเกยรตใหกบin hot pursuit - following somebody closely and determined to catch them การไลตามตดพนin order - proper; suitable or right for a particular situation เหมาะสมin principle - in general terms without knowing the details or whether something is reallypossible โดยหลกin the wake of - happening after an event or as a result of it สบเนองมาจากinaccessible - difficult or impossible to reach ซงเขาไมถงinaccurate - not completely correct or exact ซงคลาดเคลอน,ซงไมถกตองinactive post - a job or position with no real responsibilities or duties
inappropriate - unsuitable ซงไมเหมาะสมinbound - travelling towards a particular point, particularly into a city ขาเขา (opposite ofoutbound ขาออก)incense - a substance that produces a pleasant smell when you burn it, used particularly inreligious ceremonies ธป,กำายาน,เครองหอมincessant - continuous; unending ตอเนอง, เรอยๆ, ไมหยดหยอนincident - something that happens, usually something bad เหตการณincidentally - used for adding related but less important information to what has just been said or for suddenly introducing a new subject อกประการหนงincome - money that someone gets from working or from investing money รายไดincoming - recently elected or chosen ใหมincorporate - to include as part of something larger ซงรวมเขาเปนหนงเดยวกนincredible - difficult to believe อยางไมนาเชอindecent - thought to be morally offensive, especially because it involves sex or being nakedหยาบคาย, ทไมเหมาะสม
indefinitely - for a period of time with no fixed end ไมมขอกำาหนดindescribable - so extreme or unusual it is almost impossible to describe ซงเกนกวาจะพรรณนา,ซงเกนกวาจะบรรยายออกมาไดindicate - to show that something is true, exists or will happen, to express an intention, opinion, or wish in an
indirect way, to show that something is true, exists or will happen แสดง, ใหสญญาณ, ชทาง, บอกทาง, ชใหเหน แสดง, ทำาใหร indispensible - difficult or impossible to exist without or to do something without ซงขาดไมได, ซงจำาเปนindividual - a person considered separately rather than as part of a group บคคลindoctrination - forcing somebody to accept a particular belief or set of beliefs and not allowthem to consider any others การสงสอน,การอบรม,การปลกฝงinduce - to cause something, especially a mental or physical change ทำาใหเกดindustrial estate - an area of land where industrial companies have their buildings นคมอตสาหกรรมinexpensive - not expensiveinfamy - the state of being well known for something bad or evil; evil behaviour; an evil act การมชอเสยงในทางทเลว,นสยหรอความประพฤตทเลวinferior - not as good as someone or something else ดอยกวาinfidelity - a situation in which someone has sex with someone who is not their husband, wife, or partner การนอกใจinflammation - a red, painful and often swollen area in or on a part of your body การอกเสบ, การตดเชอinflate - to make something larger or more importantinfluence - to affect or change how someone or something develops, behaves or thinksมอทธพลตอ, ชกจง อำานาจบงคบinfluential - of a person who has the power to affect a situation มอทธพลinfrastructure - the high-cost facilities that everyone in the economy shares (water, roads, electricity, trains), a set of systems within a place or organisation that affect
how well it operates, e.g., the telephone and transport systems in a country or the system oftrain tracks that a railway uses สาธารณปโภคingredients - foods that are used with other foods in the preparation of a particular dishสวนประกอบinherit - to have responsibility for a situation that someone has started and left for youto deal with สบทอดจาก, ไดรบมรดกจากinitial - early; first เบองตนinitially - at first ในเบองตนinitiative - a new action or movement, often intended to solve a problem ความคดรเรมinjure - to hurt or cause physical harm to a person or animal ทำาใหบาดเจบ, ทำาราย
injured - hurt in an accident or attack ซงไดรบบาดเจบinjury - physical damage done to a person or a part of their body อาการบาดเจบinmate - someone who is kept in a prison นกโทษinnocent - not having done anything wrong บรสทธinnovation - the introduction of new things, ideas or ways of doing something; a new idea, way of doing something, etc. that has been introduced or discovered นวตกรรม, การคดขนใหม, สงทนำาเขามาใหมinquiry - a question intended to get information about someone or something การไตสวนins and outs - all the details, especially the complicated or difficult ones รายละเอยดหรอขอมลทจำาเปน
insane - suffering from mental illness; crazy, very stupid or crazy, especially in a way thatis likely to cause serious problems, harm, or injury ปวยทางจต, บา, ประสาท, ซงขาดสตinsecticide - chemicals to kill insects, a chemical used for killing insects ยาฆาแมลง, ยากำาจดแมลงinsert - to put something into something else or between two things ใส, สอด, สอดใสinsist - to keep saying very firmly that something is true, even when other people will notbelieve you, to say very firmly that something must happen or must be done ยนกราน ยนยนinsolvent - not having enough money to pay what you owe ซงลมละลายinspect - to look at something carefully ตรวจสอบinspire - to give someone the idea for a piece of work, to give people a particular feeling ora desire to do something จดประกาย ทำาใหเกด บนดาลใจใหinspiring - exciting and encouraging you to do or feel something ทสรางแรงบนดาลใจinstall - to put a piece of equipment somewhere and make it ready for use ตดตงinstantly - immediately ทนทinstitution - an important tradition or system upon which society is based สถาบนinstructions - something that somebody tells you to do คำาสงinsufficient - not enough ไมเพยงพอinsular - only interested in your own country, ideas, etc. and not in those from outside ซงมมมมองแคบ, โดดเดยวinsulated - protected with a material that prevents heat, sound, electricity, etc. from passing
through หอหมดวยฉนวน (ปองกนความรอน, กระแสไฟ, รงสฯลฯ)insurance - an arrangement in which you regularly pay an insurance company an amount ofmoney so that they will give you money if something you own is damaged, lost, or stolen, or if you die or are ill or injured การประกนintend - to plan to do; to want to happen ตงใจใหเกดขน, วางแผนไวintended - planned; wanted to happen ทไดวางแผนไว ทตงใจใหเกดขนintensify - to get stronger เขมขนขนintensive - involving a lot of effort, energy, or attentionintent - your plan or purpose จดประสงค
intention - a plan in your mind to do something ความตงใจ เจตนาinteract with - communicate with or react to มปฏกรยากบintercede - to speak to somebody in order to persuade them to have pity on somebody else or to help settle an argument ขอรองใหคนอน, วงวอนใหคนอน, พยายายามประนประนอมinterfere - to deliberately become involved in a situation and try to influence the way that itdevelops, although you have no right to do this แทรกแซงintergovernmental - concerning the governments of two or more countries ระหวางรฐบาลอยางนอยสองประเทศinternal - existing or happening within a country, not between different countries ภายในinterpret - to decide what the intended meaning of something is ตความ
interpreter - someone who changes what someone else is saying into another language ลามintersection - a place where roads, lines, etc., join or cross each other สแยกinterview - a meeting (often a public one) at which a journalist asks somebody questions inorder to find out their opinions, to ask someone questions for a poll, a newspaper article,television show, etc. การสมภาษณintimate - very close, friendly and personal คนเคย, ใกลชด, สนทสนมintimidate - to attempt to frighten someone in order to get them to do something ทำาใหกลว,ขมขinundated - flooded; submerged ทวม, จมลงใตนำาinundation - flood; to submerge นำาทวมinvade - to enter a place in large numbers, usually when unwanted บกรกinvalid - someone who is ill or injured, especially permanently คนปวย, คนไมแขงแรงinvention - a thing or an idea that has been invented สงประดษฐ, ความคดในการประดษฐinvest - to spend money on something in order to make it better or more successful ลงทนinvestigate - to try to find out the facts about something in order to learn the truth about itตรวจสอบหาความจรงinvestigation - the process of trying to find out all the details or facts about something, probe;the process of trying to find out all the details or facts about something in order to discoverwho or what caused it or how it happened การตรวจสอบหาขอเทจจรง, การสอบสวน
investigator - someone whose job is to officially find out the facts about something – ผสอบสวน, ผสำารวจ, ผตรวจสอบinvestment - taking your money and putting it into projects to make a profit or earn interest(buying stock shares, bonds, real estate) การลงทนinvisible - unable to be seen มองไมเหนinvite - to ask somebody to come to a social event; to ask somebody formally to gosomewhere or do something, an invitation การเชญ, เชญinvoluntary - happening without the person concerned wanting it to ไมไดตงใจinvolved - taking part or having a role in something เกยวของ
involvement - the act or process of taking part in something การเกยวของire - anger ความกรวโกรธ, ความโมโหiron out - to get rid of any problems or difficulties that are affecting something แกปญหาirreversible - of something that cannot be changed เปลยนแปลงไมได, ไมสามารถเอาคนกลบมาไดirrigation - the process of bringing water to land through a system of pipes, ditches, etc. in order to make crops grow ระบบชลประทานisolate - to set apart from; to disconnect from แยกออกมา ตงอยเดยวๆissue - to produce or provide something official; to announce something, or to give somethingto people officially ออก (กฎหมาย, คำาสง, พระราชกฤษฎกา, etc), matter; a subject that peoplediscuss or argue about, to officially announce or give out, to give or provide something official
แจกจาย, ออก, ออกประกาศ, ออกคำาสง ประเดนitem - a single article or object รายการ, รายการสงของ
Jjail term - the length of time a person is required to spend in jailjet - a strong narrow stream of gas, liquid, steam or flame that comes very quickly out of asmall opening. The opening is also called a jet กาซหรอของเหลวทพนออกมาอยางรวดเรวjoint - do some activity or project together; belonging to or shared between two or more people ความรวมมอกนjoint - a connection, a place where two parts of something are connectedjournalist - a person who writes news stories or articles for a newspaper or magazine orbroadcasts them on radio or television ผสอขาวjoyous - very happy สนกสนาน, เบกบาน, มความสขjubilant - extremely happy because something good has happened ปตยนดjudge - someone whose job is to make decisions in a court of law ตลาการ, ผพพากษาjudgment - an opinion that you have after thinking (carefully) about something การตดสนใจ, การพจารณาjurisdiction - a country or area in which a law enforcement agency operates, a country or areain which a particular legal system operates เขตอำานาจ, ขอบเขตอำานาจทศาลและกฏหมายควบคมไปถงjustice - a fair result or punishment from a court of law, fairness in the way people are dealtwith ความเปนธรรม, ความถกตอง, ความยตธรรมjuvenile - a young person who is not yet an adult เยาวชน
Kkangaroo court - whether they have committed a crime or not ศาลเตยkeen-eyed - someone who is very good at noticing thingskeep your fingers crossed - to hope that your plans will be successful or to hope that something good happens (sometimes putting one finger across another as a sign of hoping forgood luck)key - most important ทสำาคญkickback - an amount of money that is paid to someone illegally in exchange for secret help or work เงนสนบน, เงนใตโตะkidnapper - a person who takes somebody away illegally and keep them as a prisoner,especially in order to get money or something else for returning them คนลกพาตว
LLa Nina - unusually cold ocean temperatures in the Equatorial Pacificlaboratory - a room or building used for scientific research, experiments, testing, etcหองปฏบตการ, หองทดลองlabour - work, especially hard physical work งานทใชพละกำาลงlack - to not have enough of something ขาดlack of - when there is not enough of something ขาด
lackey - a person who is treated like a servant or who behaves like one ขขา, ผตดตามlandlocked - of a place that has land all around it, usually with no connection to the sea or, in this case, to a road ทลอมรอบไปดวยแผนดนlandslide - a large amount of earth, mud (a mudslide) or rocks falling down the side of amountain or hill landslide, a situation in which a person or political party wins an election by avery large margin ถลมทลาย แผนดนถลมlandslide victory - an election victory by a very large margin or amount การชนะการเลอกตงแบบขาดลอยlanky - having long thin arms and legs and moving in an awkward way ผอมและสงเกงกางlate - dead ทลวงลบไปแลวlateral ventricles - two curved openings located deep within the top section of the brain, thatprovide a pathway for cerebrospinal fluid โพรงสมองlaunch - to start something เรมตน เรมทำาlaw enforcement - the process of making sure that people obey the law การบงคบใชกฎหมายlawmaker - a person in government who makes the laws of a country ผบญญตกฎหมายlawn - an area of grass, especially near to a house or in a park, which is cut regularly to keep itshort สนามหญา
lawsuit - a case that a court is asked to decide involving a disagreement between two people or groups คดทยนฟองตอศาลlawyer - an attorney ทนายlay off - to cause someone to lose their job, usually because there is not enough work for them to do การปลดคนงานlayering - cutting something (hair, cloth) in different lengths so that it forms layers that lie overone another การทำาใหเปนชนlayout - the way in which the parts of something such as the page of a book, a garden or abuilding are arranged แผนผงlead - the position ahead of everyone else in a race or competition ตำาแหนงนำาlegal - relating to the law or lawyers เกยวกบกฎหมายlegal process - the system of using the court to determine if someone has done somethingagainst the law or caused damage กระบวนกการยตธรรมlegalise - to make something be according to the law ทำาใหมอำานาจตามกฎหมาย ทำาใหถกตองตามกฎหมายlegendary - mentioned in stories from ancient times ซงเปนนทาน,ซงเปนตำานานlegitimacy - the fact that something is legal or fair and reasonable ถกตองตามกฎหมาย ชอบดวยกฎหมายlegitimate - allowed by the law, or correct according to the law ชอบดวยกฎหมายlend - to give money to someone who agrees to pay it back in the future ใหยมlese majeste - the crime of offending, threatening or showing disrespect for a member of the
royal family หมนพระบรมเดชานภาพlethal - very dangerous and able to kill you เปนอนตรายถงชวตlevee - a low wall built at the side of a river to prevent it from flooding เขอนปองกนนำาทวม, คนนาlevel - the amount of something that exists in a particular situation at a particular time, theamount of liquid that there is in a container, river, dam, etc., which can be seen by how highthe liquid is ระดบlicence - an official document that gives someone permission to do or use something ใบอนญาตlife-threatening - serious enough to possibly cause deathlift - something that makes you feel better or more confident ทำาใหเบาใจlightning - happening very quicklylikelihood - the chance that something will happen or has happened ความเปนไปไดlikely - probable or expected นาจะเปนไปไดliken - to compare เปรยบเทยบlikewise - in a similar way; in the same way ในทำานองเดยวกน, เชนเดยวกน, อยางเดยวกนlimbs - arms or legs ทอนแขนทอนขา
lineup - a group or team of people who are involved in a particular job or activity รายชอของผเกยวของlink - to connect เชอมlinked - connected เชอมโยงlip service - to say that you approve or support something, without proving your support by
doing itliquor - strong alcoholic drink สราทไดจากการกลนlive - happening now, i.e., not recorded earlier ถายทอดสดlivelihood - (the way someone earns) the money people need to pay for food, a place to live,clothing, etc การดำารงชวต, การครองชพloan - an amount of money that a person, business, or country borrows, especially from a bank เงนกlocal - in or related to the area that you live, or to the particular area that you are talking about ทองถนlocals - people who live in a particular place ชาวบานlocate - to find where someone or something is หาทำาเล, หาทตงlocated - where something is ตงอยlocation - where someone or something is ทตง,ทำาเลlodge - to formally make something such as a complaint or a claim, to formally makesomething such as a complaint or a claim ยนคำารอง ยนฟองตอ ยน (คำารอง)log - a thick piece of tree trunk or branch, especially one cut for burning on a fire โคนตนไมlone - single เดยว หนงเดยวlong term - that will last or have an effect over a long period of time ระยะยาวlong-term - that will last or have an effect over a long period of time ระยะยาวlook forward to - to feel pleased and excited about something that is going to happen ตงหนารอคอยlook you straight in the eye - to look directly into the eyes of someonelooming - seeming likely to happen soon ทเหนลางๆlooting - stealing things from buildings, houses or shops, especially during a war or other
violence or after a disaster การปลนสะดมlose no time - to do something very quickly or immediatelyloyal - willing to support, work for, or be a friend to someone, even in difficult times, firm andnot changing in your friendship with or support for a person or an organization, or in your belief in your principles จงรกภกด ซอสตยloyalist - a person or group that strongly supports someone or something, especially thegovernment or ruler in power ผซอสตย,ผจงรกภกดlucrative - earning a lot of money ทมกำาไรงาม
lung - one of the two organs in your chest that fill with air when you breathe ปอดlure - to attract someone/ something, to persuade someone to do something by making seemvery attractive ลอใจ, หลอกลอ, ยวยวน
Mmagnificent - very good, beautiful or deserving to be admired สงางาม, ดเลศ, หรหราฟฟาmagnitude - size; strength; scale ขนาดหรอ ความรนแรงmail order - a system of buying and selling goods through the mail การสงซอทางไปรษณยmainland - a large mass of land that forms the main part of a country but does not include any islands belonging to the country แผนดนใหญmainstream - accepted or used by most people; considered ordinary or normal ทว ๆ ไป
maize - a tall plant grown in many parts of the world for its yellow seeds which are eaten asfood, made into flour or fed to animals ขาวโพดmajor - very large or important สำาคญมากmajority - most of the people in a group, more than 50 percent of a group เสยงสวนใหญ คนสวนใหญ เสยงสวนมากmake ends meet - to have enough many to pay for your needs มรายไดพอประทงชวต, มเงนพออยรอดmake fun of - to laugh at somebody/something or make other people laugh at them, usually in an unkind way นาหวเราะเยาะ, หยอกลอmake public - to show so that everyone can see เปดเผย,male - belonging to the sex that does not give birth to babies; connected with this sex ผชาย, ตวผ, เพศผ,malfunction - a failure to work or operate correctly ทำางานผดปกตmalicious - having or showing hatred and a desire to harm somebody or hurt their feelings มงราย, ปองราย, ประสงครายman - to be responsible for working at a particular place or operate a particular piece ofequipment ประจำาทmanage - to succeed in doing something สำาเรจ,จดการไดสำาเรจ, ทำาไดสำาเรจmangled - badly damaged through being crushed or twisted ซงเสยโฉม, ซงแหลกเหลวmanipulative - skilful at influencing somebody or forcing somebody to do what you want, often in an unfair waymanslaughter - the crime of killing somebody illegally but not deliberately การฆาคนโดยไมไตรตรองไวกอน
manufacturing facility - a factory, a building used for making goods (manufacturing goods)mar - to spoil something ทำาใหเสยหายmargin - the amount by which a competition is won จำานวนทเกน, จำานวนคะแนน
mark - to celebrate something เพอเฉลมฉลอง, to show respect for or to remember ระลกถง, toshow that something is happening เปนเครองแสดง เปนการเรมตนmarvelous - extremely good; wonderful ยอดเยยม, ดมาก, วเศษmass - large numbers, involving large numbers (of people) จำานวนมาก จำานวนมหาศาลmass protest - a very large public gathering of people to protest against something การชมนมประทวงใหญmass rapid transit - same as "mass transit" above (but stressing that it is "quick")mass transit - transportation system such as buses, subway and/or trains, moving large numbersof people around a city (See Wikipedia on public transport and rapid transit)massage - the action of rubbing and pressing a person's body with the hands to reduce pain inthe muscles and joints การนวดmassage parlour - a place where you can pay to have a massage โรงนวด,สถานบรการ (อาบ,อบ,นวด)massive - very large, very large in size, amount or number ใหญโต, มหาศาล, ใหญโต
master - a man who is very good at something ปรมาจารยmat - the canvas floor of a boxing ring พนเวทมวยmatch - to combine well with something else เขากน (กบ)matchmaking - arranging marriages or relationships between others สอชกนำาการแตงงานmate - a person you share an activity or accommodation with; a friend ,เพอนรวม, เพอนmatter - to be important or have an important effect on somebody/something เปนเรองสำาคญ, มความหมายmayor - the most important elected official in a town or city นายกเทศมนตรmean - an amount that is calculated by adding several numbers together and dividing the total by the original number of things that you added together (e.g., mean level above the sea) คาเฉลย, ตวกลาง, มชฌมmeans - methods; ways วธ, วธการmeanwhile - at the same time ในเวลาเดยวกนmeasure - an action taken to solve a particular problem, an action that is intended to achieve or deal with something มาตรการmechanism - a method or a system for achieving something กลไก, วธการทำางาน, วธการmeddle - to become involved in a situation that you have no right to be involved in กาวกายแทรกแซงmedia - newspapers, television, radio, etc. สอmemorabilia - objects that you collect because they belonged to someone famous or areconnected with something that interests you ทระลก
memorandum of understanding (MOU) - a document used to describe a form of a writtenagreement between two or more groups, countries, etc. The document is not as strong as acontract but outlines a commitment between the two to work together toward the samepurpose or goalsmemory - something that you remember from the past, something that you remember from the past; the ability to remember information, experiences and people ความจำาmerge - (of two or more groups) to join together to become one การรวมกนmeritocracy - a country or social system where people get power or money on the basis of their ability ระบบสงคมทเชอการสำาเรจดวยตนเองไมใชสทธพเศษทางชนชน; คณธรรมนยมmermaid - a creature with a woman's head and body, and a fish's tail instead of legs นางเงอกmesmerise - to attract or interest you so much that you do not notice or pay attention toanything else around you สะกดจต,ทำาใหหลงเสนห, ทำาใหตกตะลงmessage - an important moral, social or political idea that a book, speech, etc. is trying tocommunicate ประเดน, เนอความmetal detector - a piece of equipment that can indicate if metal is present, used especially todiscover weaponsMeteorological Department - the government department in charge of determining what theweather will be in the future กรมอตนยมวทยาmeteorologist - a scientist who studies the weather and makes predictions นกอตนยมวทยาmetropolitan - relating to a large city เกยวกบเมองใหญ
metropolitan police - the police in responsible for a city ตำารวจนครบาลmigrant - moving from one place to another อพยพmild - not strong เบา, ไมหนก, ไมรนแรงmillionaire - a person who has a million pounds, dollars, etc; a very rich person เศรษฐ, มหาเศรษฐminimise - to reduce something harmful or unpleasant to the smallest amount or degree ลดใหเหลอนอยทสดminister - a member of the cabinet, the group of government ministers who make and approve government policy รฐมนตรministerial level - a situation that involves government ministers ระดบรฐมนตรminor - not important; small; having little influence or effect, someone who has not reached the age where they are legally an adult เยาวชน เลกนอยmiserable - very unhappy, unpleasant and causing unhappiness เดอดรอน, เปนทกขmishandle - to deal with a situation or process badly or without enough care ทำาผด, จดการอยางไมถกmislead - to make someone believe something that is incorrect or not true ชกนำาไปในทางทผด
missing - not in the usual place or not able to be found because it has been removed or lost,not present after an accident, natural disaster, battle, etc. but not known to have been killed ไมพบ,หายไป, สญหาย, ซงหายไป
mission - an important piece of work that a person or a group of people has been given to doภาระกจ หนาทmistress - a woman who is having a sexual relationship with a married man ภรรยาลบ, ภรรยานอย, เมยนอยmisunderstanding - a situation in which a comment, an instruction, etc. is not understoodcorrectly ความเขาใจผดmitigation - a reduction in the harmful effects of something บรรเทา ผอนคลายmoan - to make a long low sound of pain, suffering or another strong emotion คราง, รองครวญครางmock - not real, but intended to seem or look real จำาลองmodel - something such as a system that can be copied by other people, a person or thing that is considered an excellent example of something แบบอยาง, บคคลตวอยาง, นาถอเปนแบบอยาง, ตนแบบMolotov cocktail - a simple bomb consisting of a bottle filled with a liquid that you can set onfire and then throw (the writer is comparing the bottles of alcohol to a Molotov cocktail, saying in this situation they are very similar, i.e., very dangerous)moment - a very short period of time; a particular time or occasion ชวขณะ, โอกาสสำาคญmonarchy - a type of government in which a country is ruled by a king or queen การปกครองทมพระมหากษตรยเปนประมขmoney laundering - hiding the origin of money obtained from illegal activities by putting it intolegal businesses การฟอกเงนmonitor - keep track of, to regularly check something or watch someone in order to find outwhat is happening, a television screen used to show particular kinds of information; a screen that shows
information from a computer เครองโทรทศนวงจรปด, จอคอมพวเตอร, ตรวจสอบ, ตรวจตรา, ตรวจ, ตดตาม, เฝาสงเกตmonitor lizard - large reptiles with have long necks, powerful tails and claws, and wel ldeveloped limbs เหยmonsoon - the season of heavy rain during the summer in hot Asian countries มรสมmonument - a statue or building that is built to honour a special person or event อนสาวรย หรออนสรณสถานmood - atmosphere; the feeling that exists in a place บรรยากาศ, the way you feel at a particular time อารมณmoral support - giving someone encouragement ใหกำาลงใจmorale - the amount of confidence and enthusiasm, etc. that a person or a group has at aparticular time กำาลงใจ, ขวญ
mortar - a large short gun that is used for firing bombs and shells over short distances ปนครกmortgage - a legal agreement in which you borrow money from a bank in order to buy a house, build something, develop a piece of land, etc.การจำานองmortuary - a place where a dead body is kept หองเกบศพ, ทบรรจศพmotion - to make a movement, usually with your hand or head to show somebody what youwant them to do โบกไมโบกมอ, ใหสญญาณเคลอนทmotionless - not moving; still ซงอยนง, ซงไมเคลอนไหวmotivated - done for a particular reason มแรงจงใจ ถกโนมนาวใจ (politically-motivated – done forpolitical reasons)motivation - a reason for doing something แรงจงใจ
mourn - to feel extremely sad because someone has died and to express this in public ไวอาลย,ไวทกข, เศราโศกmovement - a group of people who share the same aim and work together to achieve it การเคลอนไหวเพอวตถประสงคทางการเมองMP-elect - a person who has been elected as a member of the House of Representatives butwho has not yet taken office วาทผแทนราษฎรmudslide - a large amount of mud falling down the side of a mountain or hill a large amount of wet earth that falls down a hill and may cause damage and kill people ทะเลโคลนทมาจากภเขาทำาลายบานเรอนและผคนmug - a tall cup for drinking from, usually with straight sides and a handle เหยอกmultimedia - using video, sound, and other methods of communication, especially in computers ซงใชสอหลายชนดในคอมพวเตอรmultiple - many หลายmunicipality - a town, city or district with its own local government เทศบาลmuscle - a piece of body tissue that you contract and relax in order to move a particular part ofthe body; the tissue that forms the muscles of the body กลามเนอmuseum - a building where objects of historical, scientific or artistic interest are kept พพธภณฑmysterious - not explained or understood; full of secrets นาพศวง, นาประหลาด
Nnarrow - not wide; having a small distance from one side to the other, especially in comparison with the length, to make less wide ทำาใหแคบลง, แคบnastiness - unkind or offensive behaviour ความนารงเกยจnation - all the people in a country, a country considered as a group of people with the samelanguage, culture and history, who live in a particular area under one government; all thepeople in a country ประเทศ, คนในประเทศnational - a citizen of a particular country ประชาชนnationwide - throughout a whole country ทวทงประเทศnative - someone who was born in a particular place ชาวพนเมองnatural - found in nature (not made in a factory by humans) ตามธรรมชาตnature - the basic quality of feature of something ลกษณะทแทจรงของสงตางๆ, ธรรมชาตnay - noNCR Rubber - a rubber parts company located in Rayong that opened its first factory in 1962and produces many products including "industrial and automotive rubber hoses, mandrel-builthoses, rubber expansion joints, marine fenders, bridge bearing pads, rubber and sponge profiles,silicone tubes and profiles, and moulded rubber parts" ยางnegotiate - to try to reach an agreement by discussing something in a formal way เจรจาตอรอง
negotiation - formal discussion in which people or groups try to reach an agreement การเจรจาตอรองneighbourhood - a particular area of a city or town ละแวก,ยานnervous - anxious about something or afraid of something กระวนกระวายnet - to catch someone, usually a criminal จบกมnetwork - a large system of connected parts, organisations, people, etc. เครอขายneutrality - the state of not supporting either side in a competition, disagreement, war, etc.ความเปนกลางnevertheless - despite what has just been said or referred to แตอยางไรกตามnews anchor - a person who presents a television or radio programme, especially the newsผสอขาว ผประกาศขาวnickname - an informal name for someone or something, especially a name which you arecalled by your friends or family, usually based on your proper name or your character ชอเลนniece - a daughter of your brother or sister, or a daughter of your husband’s or wife’s brother or sister หลานสาวniggling - not important; causing a slight feeling of worry or pain that does not go away ซงไมสำาคญ, จจnightmare - an extremely unpleasant event or experience or possible event or experience; avery upsetting or frightening dream ฝนราย
no show - a person who does not attend an event where they have been invited or areexpected to attendnoble - having fine personal qualities that people admire, such as courage, honesty and care for others ซงมคณธรรมสงnod - giving permission for something; agreeing to somethingnomination - an official suggestion that someone should get a job การเสนอชอเขารบตำาแหนงnon-operational - not doing any businessnonsensical - of ideas, behaviour, or statements that are not true or sensible ไมมสาระ, ไรสาระnormal - typical, usual or ordinary; what you would expect ปกต, ภาวะปกตnotice - to see or hear somebody/something; to become aware of somebody/something สงเกตnude - (1) the colour of the human skin (2) not wearing any clothes สผวหนง เปลอยกายnudge - to make something move gradually or a little way in a particular direction; to use a partof your body to give a little push to someone or something ดน,ถอง,สะกด,ดนnumb - having no feeling ชา
Ooath - a formal promise, usually, but not always, in a court of law, to tell the truth การกลาวปฏญาณตนobject - to disagree with, a thing that can be seen and touched, but is not alive วตถ, สงของ,คดคานobjective - what you plan to achieve; goal; aim; purpose เปาหมาย
obligation - something which you must do because you have promised, because of a law, etc.สญญาผกมด, ขอผกมดobscenity - language or actions connected with sex in a way that most people find offensiveความลามกobservation - a comment, especially based on something you have seen, heard or read; the act of watching somebody/something carefully for a period of time, especially to learn something การสงเกต, การเฝาด, การสงเกตการณobserve a minute’s silence - to be silent for one minuteobserver - a person who watches and analyses a situation ผสงเกตการณobstacle - a difficulty or problem that prevents you from achieving something อปสรรค ขวากหนามobstruct - to make it difficult for something to happen or for someone or something to gosomewhere ขวางทางobtain - to get something that you want or need, especially by going through a process that isdifficult ไดมา, ไดรบobvious - clear; easy to see, recognise or understand ชดเจน
obviously - clearly เหนไดชด, อยางชดแจงoccasion - a special event, ceremony or celebration โอกาส, งานoccasional - sometimes, but not frequently or regularly บางครงบางคราว
occasionally - sometimes, but not frequently or regularly บางครงบางคราวoccupation - the action of going into a place and taking control away from the people orgovernment there การยดครองoccur - to happen เกดขนodds - the connection between two numbers that shows how much money somebody willreceive if they win a bet ความเปนตอในการพนนoff the hook - having avoided a duty, an unpleasant situation, or a punishment ปลอยใหเปนอสระจาก (ความยงยาก, ความรบผดชอบ, การตดสนใจ)offence - a crime or illegal activity for which there is a punishment การกระทำาผดกฎหมายoffensive - rude; causing upset อยางดถกดแคลนoffensive to the monarchy - (lese majeste – the crime of offending, threatening or showingdisrespect for a member of the royal family หมนพระบรมเดชานภาพ)offer - an act of saying that you are willing to do something for somebody or give something to somebody, to make something available or to provide the opportunity for something, in the case to make courses available มหลกสตรใน, เสนอเพอใหพจารณาold media - television, radio, newspapers, etc., as opposed to new media found on Interneton a weekly basis - happening each week เปนประจำาทกสปดาหon behalf (of) - as a representative of ในนามของ ในฐานะของon behalf of - as a representative of ในนามของ ในฐานะของon board - on a ship, aircraft or vehicle บนหรอใน (เรอ, รถ, เครองบนหรอพาหนะอน)
on paper - in theory; judged from written information only, but not proved in practice or use ในภาคทฤษฎon the loose - free and often causing troubleon the verge of - to be about to do something very soon; to almost be ready to do somethingvery near to the moment when somebody does something or something happens เกอบจะทำาบางสงonset - the beginning of something, especially something unpleasant การเรมตน กำาเรบoperate - to carry out a planned activity involving a lot of people to work in a particular way or from a particular place ปฏบต, ปฏบตงานoperating permit - official permission to carry out a business activity ใบอนญาตประกอบกจการoperation - a planned activity involving a lot of people, a planned activity involving a lot ofpeople, especially soldiers or police officers, an activity which is planned to achieve somethingการดำาเนนการ การปฏบตการoperations - the activity or work done in an area of business or industry ปฎบตการ
opinion - your feelings or thoughts about somebody/something, rather than a fact ความเหน,ความคดเหน, ทศนคตopponent - a person against you in a sports event, someone who is competing against you ฝายตรงขาม คตอสopportunity - a chance to do something, or a situation in which it is easy for you to dosomething โอกาส
oppose - to disagree with or not approve of a plan or policy คดคานopposed - very different from something ตางกนมากopposing side - rival; a person, group, team or business that competes with another คตอส, คปรบ,คแขงopposite - across from or facing someone or something, a person or thing that is as different aspossible from somebody/something else ตรงกนขาม ทอยตรงกนขามopposition - of a political party that is not part of the government or a group which is againstthe government ฝายคาน ผตอตานoptimism - a tendency to be hopeful and to expect that good things will probably happen การมองในแงด,ลทธความเบกบานใจoptimist - someone who tends to expect that good things will happen ผทมองโลกในแงดoption - a choice; something that you can choose in a particular situation ทางเลอกoral - spoken rather than written ทใชการพดorchestrate - to plan and organise a complicated event or activity จดการ, วางแผนordeal - an extremely unpleasant experience, especially one that lasts for a long timeประสบการณทแสนสาหสorganic laws - laws required by the constitution; basic laws setting out the specific rules forcarrying out a particular activity กฎหมายประกอบรฐธรรมนญ; ตวบทกฎหมาย กฎหมายแมบทoriginal - existing at the beginning of a particular period, process or activity เดม, ซงเปนแบบฉบบostensibly - seeming or stated to be real or true, when this is perhaps not the case อยางแสดงใหเหนภายนอก
oust - to force to leave a position of power ขบออกจากอำานาจousted - forced out of a position of power ขบออกจากอำานาจoutbreak - a situation where something unpleasant, such as disease or violence, suddenly starts to happen การระบาดของโรคoutcome - the results of an election ผลการเลอกตงoutfit - a set of clothes that are worn together เครองแตงกายoutlook - what people think will happen in the future อนาคตทคาดไว ภาพรวม อนาคตoutnumbered - having fewer people than another group มคนนอยกวาoutright - clear and direct, with nothing hidden โดยสมบรณoutrun - to run faster or further than somebody/something วงเรวกวา,วงไกลกวาoutskirts - the areas at the edge of a city ชานเมอง
outstanding - clearly very much better than what is usual ยอดเยยม, ดเดนoutstanding - clearly very much better than what is usual ยอดเยยม, ดเดนover-react - to react in an extreme way, especially in a frightened or angry way มปฏกรย ารนแรงเกนไปoverall - total; including all the things or people that are involved in a particular situation;general ทงหมดoverawe - to impress somebody so much that they feel nervous or frightened (Notice thatpassive voice is used in the story, meaning nervous or frightened) ทำาใหกลว,ขขวญ
overexert - to exercise too much or to be involved in too much activity ออกกำาลงเกนoverflow - (of a river or body of water) flooding the land next to it การไหลลนoverjoyed - extremely pleased or happy ดใจเหลอเกนoverlap - to cover part of the same area of interest, knowledge, responsibility, etc ทบกนovernight - suddenly or quickly, e.g., in one night อยางรวดเรวoversee - to watch or organise a job or an activity to make certain that it is being done correctly, to watch something in order to check that it happens in the way it should ตรวจตรา, คมงาน,ควบคมovershadow - to cause someone or something to seem less important or less happy ทำาใหลดความสำาคญลงoverthrow - to force a leader or government out of power ขบไลออกจากอำานาจoverturn - to change a situation to the opposite, to officially decide that a legal decision, etc. is not correct, and to make it no longer valid ลมลาง พลกควำาoverwhelming - by a very large amount or margin, to defeat or overpower something orsomeone or with a lot of power or force ลน,ทวมทน, อยางทวมทนoverzealous - showing too much energy or enthusiasm กระตอรอรนมากเกนไปowe - to feel that you ought to do something for somebody or give them something, especially because they have done something for you, to be required to give someone money for something you have bought or money that you have borrowed from them เปนหน, เปนหนบญคณoxen - males cows ววตวผ
Ppack - to put clothes, etc. into a bag in preparation for a trip away from home เกบเสอผาลงหบpacked - crowded; full of people or things แนนpaddy - unmilled rice, rice in the husks, i.e., rice with the outer covering still on ขาวเปลอกpaddy fields - fields planted with rice growing in water นาขาวpalace - the people who live or work in a palace, especially the royal family and the officialswho serve them พระราชวง,วงpale - light and not bright in colour ออน, ซดpalette - a range of colourspanel - a group of people who make decisions or judgments คณะกรรมการpanic - a sudden strong feeling of fear or worry that causes you to be unable to think clearly or calmly ความตนตกใจpaperweight - a small heavy object that you put on top of loose papers to keep them in place ททบกระดาษparalyse - to cause to be unable to move or function ทำาใหเปนอมพาต
pardon - an official decision to forgive someone for committing a crime and to free them frompunishment การอภยโทษ การนรโทษกรรมparents - a person's father and mother พอแมparlour a shop - store that provides particular goods or services รานคา (เชน รานเสรมสวย)parole - permission that is given to a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their sentenceon condition that they behave well การพนโทษอยางมเงอนไขหรอทำาทณฑบนไว, การปลอยจากคกโดยมเงอนไขparrot - a tropical bird with a curved beak นกแกวpart with - to give something to somebody else, especially something that you would prefer to keep ยอมขาย, ยอมยกใหparticipate - to take part in or become involved in an activity มสวนparticular - specific โดยเฉพาะparting - leaving someone การอำาลา, การจากกนparting dig - a final remark, especially an unkind one, that somebody makes as they leaveparty - an organized group of people who have similar ideas about the way in which a countryshould be governed, and who work together to try to persuade people to vote for them inelections, one of the people or groups of people involved in an official argument, arrangement or similar situation คกรณ พรรค การเมองparty list (proportional representation system) - a system that gives each party in an electiona number of seats in relation to the number of votes its candidates receive ระบบสดสวน, ระบบปารตลสต
party-list - a system that gives each party in an election a number of seats in relation to thenumber of votes its candidates receive ระบบสดสวน, ระบบปารตลสต
pass - a road or way over or through mountains ทางผานpassable - of a road or path that can be travelled ซงผานไปไดpassenger - someone who travels in a motor vehicle, aircraft, train, or ship but is not the driveror one of the people who works on it ผโดยสารpassion - a strong enthusiasm or interest ความชนชม หลงใหลpassiveness - accepting what happens or what people do without trying to change anything oroppose them การไมมปฏกรยา,การไมโตตอบpathologist - a scientist who examines dead bodies in order to find out who they are or to findout the cause of their deaths pathologist นกพยาธวทยาpatient - someone who is receiving medical treatment คนปวย, คนไขpatrol - to move regularly around a place in order to prevent trouble or crime ลาดตระเวนpattern - a regular arrangement of lines, shapes, colours, etc. as a design on material, carpets,etc ลวดลายpave the way - to make something possible or easier to be done ปทางไวสำาหรบpay homage to - to show deep respect for someone แสดงความเคารพpay respects - to show deep admiration for someone แสดงความเคารพ
pay respects to - to show deep admiration for someone แสดงความเคารพpay the price - to have something bad happen as the result of doing or not doing something รบกรรมpeak - (1) the time when something is at its highest or greatest level ชวงเวลาทพบมากทสด (2) toreach the highest amount or level, before becoming lower ขนจนถงจดสดยอดpeek - to look at something quickly (and often secretly because you should not be looking at it) แอบด, แอบมอง, ลอบมองpeers - people who are the same age or have the same social position or the same abilities asother people in a group เพอนpelt - (of rain or snow) to come down quickly in large amounts ตกหนก, กระหนำาpending - waiting to be dealt with, settled or completed อยในระหวางperceived - thought of or understood in a particular way ไดรบการมองวาperformance - the act of carrying out some time of entertainment or sport, the standard towhich someone does something การกระทำา, การแสดง, การทำาใหบรรลผลสำาเรจperilous - very dangerous เตมไปดวยอนตราย, ซงไมนาปลอดภยperiodic - happening repeatedly over a period of time บางครงบางคราวperish - to die, usually in a sudden way ตายทนทpermanent secretary - a government official, not a political appointee, in charge of a ministryปลดกระทรวงpermit - an official document that gives you permission to do something ใบอนญาต
persevere - to continue trying to do or achieve something despite difficulties พยายามpersist - to continue ยดเยอตอไป
persistent - continuing อยางตอเนองpersonal - your own; not belonging to or connected with anyone else เปนสวนตวpersonality - the part of a person that makes them behave in a particular way in socialsituations, e.g., in friendly or unfriendly way, or in a confident or shy way บคลกลกษณะลกษณะเฉพาะตนpersuade - to make someone agree to do something by giving them reasons why they shouldโนมนาวใจ เกลยกลอมpessimist - someone who thinks that the worst thing will happen in every situation ผมองดในแงรายpetition - an official document in which you ask a court to take legal action คำารองตอศาลphenomenon - something that exists and can be seen, felt, tasted, etc., especially somethingwhich is unusual or interesting ปรากฏการณpick on - to treat somebody unfairly, by blaming, criticizing or punishing them หาเรอง, เลอกตำาหน, เลอกลงโทษpier - a platform sticking out into water which people walk along or use when getting onto or off boats สะพานทยนออกไปในนำาpile (or piling) - a large strong post that is driven into the ground to support a building or otherstructure เสาเขม
pile on the pressure - to try to make someone do something by forcing, threatening, orpersuading them in a determined way กดดนใหทำาpillar - a strong column made of stone, metal or wood which supports part of a building เสาหลกPIN code - the abbreviation for ‘personal identification number’ (a number given to you, forexample by a bank, so that you can use a plastic card to take out money from a cash machine) พน (รหสประจำาตว)pinpoint - to discover or explain exactly what something is เจาะจงpistol-whip - to hit somebody with a pistol many timespitch - level of sound ระดบเสยงplacard - a large written or printed notice that is put in a public place or carried on a stick in amarch ปายประกาศ, แผนประกาศplaintiff - someone who makes a legal complaint against someone else in court โจทกplanet - a large round object in space that moves around a star (such as the sun) and receiveslight from it ดาวนพเคราะห,ดาวเคราะหplanking - an activity that is currently popular in which people lie flat on their stomachs withtheir arms at their sides and have a photo takenplaster - to completely cover a surface with pictures or postersplateau - an area of flat land that is higher than the land around it ทราบสงplay a role - to have a particular influence มบทบาท
play down - to try to make something seem less important or serious than it really is
play into the hands - to do something, especially to make a mistake, to give an opponent anadvantage ทำาใหคตอสไดเปรยบpleasant - enjoyable or attractive in a way that makes you feel pleased and satisfied ถกใจ, พอใจ, เพลดเพลนplease - to make someone feel happy and satisfied ทำาใหพอใจ, ทำาใหถกใจpledge - to make a serious promise to do something สญญาplight - an unpleasant condition, especially a serious, sad or difficult one สภาพเลวรายplot - to make a plan for achieving something แผนการpocket - a small area which has a particular quality that makes it different from the areas around itpoint - a reason for saying something เหตผลpoint out - to mention something in order to give somebody information about it or make them notice it ชใหเหน, บงช, ช, ระบpoised - about to do or achieve something ไดมาซงpoke out - having part of something uncovered so that it can be seen ทมไวดานนอก, สอดpolicy - a set of plans or action agreed on by a government, political party, business, or othergroup นโยบายpolish up - to make changes to something in order to clean it up or improve it ขดเกลา, ฟ นฟpoll - an election, an occasion when a lot of people are asked about what they feel aboutsomething, to ask a lot of people about what they feel about something การสำารวจความคดเหน การเลอกตงpond - a small area of still water, especially one that is artificial บอนำา, สระนำาpontoon - a boat or hollow structure that is one of several used to support a floating platform
or bridge; a temporary floating platform built across several boats or hollow structures,especially one used for tying boats to โปะ, ทนลอย, สะพานลอยนำา, แพ, ทนทาเรอpop into - to suddenly appear, especially when not expectedpopular - a situation in which someone or something is liked by many people เปนทนยม, เปนทชนชอบpopularity - a situation in which someone or something is liked by many people ความเปนทนยม,ความเปนทชนชอบpopulist - related to the type of politics that claims to represent the opinions and wishes ofordinary people or to support programmes that will benefit the ordinary people ประชานยมpopulous - where a large number of people live ซงมพลเมองหนาแนนportable - easy to carry or move, so that you can use it in different places หวได, พกพาไดportal - a website that is used as a point of entry to the Internet, where information has beencollected that will be useful to a person interested in particular kinds of thingsportion - a part of something สวน
pose - to stay in a particular position วางทาpose a threat - to be a possible danger กระทำาการซงอาจกอใหเกดอนตรายตอposing - pretending to be something วางทาpost - after, a job in a company or organisation ตำาแหนงการงาน
pot bearings - (civil engineering) another kind of "bearing" (See article, challenge: find definitionof this term on the web)potential - the possibility of success, possible in the future possible ความเปนไปได ทอาจเกดขนได ทมศกยภาพ ทเปนไปไดpoverty - the condition of being extremely poor ความจนpowers-that-be - important people who have authority over others คนมอำานาจ, คนในตำาแหนงหนาทpractice - a way of doing something การปฏบตpre-eminent - more important, more successful or of a higher standard than others เหนอกวา,ดกวา,เยยม,ดเลศprecondition - something which must be done before something else happens เงอนไขpredict - to say that an event or action will happen in the future, especially as a result ofknowledge or experience คาดการณวา พยากรณจากสถตวาprediction - a statement about what you think will happen in the future คำาพยากรณ,คำาทำานาย,การพยากรณprefer - to like or want more than anyone or anything else ซงชอบมากกวาpreference - something that you want or like most ความตองการpreliminary - early; not final ขนตน, ขนแรก, เบองตน, ชนตนpremier - prime minister นายกรฐมนตรpremium - the highest (the highest price for the highest quality)premium grade - the highest level of quality of a product offered by a companypremium grade rubber - the highest level of quality of rubber you can buyprepped - prepared เตรยมพรอมprescription (medication) - medication that has been ordered for you by a medical doctor ยาท
ตองไดการสงจากแพทยเทานนpresence - the fact of being in a particular place, thing or situation การมอยpreserve - to keep something as it is, especially in order to prevent it from being damaged ordestroyed ทำาใหคงอย, สงวนpreside - to be in charge of a ceremony, official meeting, or other event (ทรง) เปนประธานในพธpress - newspapers and magazines, etc. สอมวลชนpress ahead - to continue as planned despite difficulties ดำาเนนการpress conference - an official meeting where someone makes a formal statement about aparticular issue or event to journalists and answers their questions about it การแถลงขาว
press for - to try in a determined way to make someone do something ผลกดน, บงคบ, รบเรา,กระตนpressure - a force pressing against you or attempting to force you to do something ความกดดนpressurised - able to force a substance out from a container when the container is openedpresumably - used for saying that you think something is true based on what you know,although you are not really certain นาเปนไปได, ซงพอเปนจรงไดpresume - to accept that something is true unless someone proves that it is not true เชอวาเปนจรง
presumption - the act of supposing that something is true, although it has not yet been provedor is not certain การสนนษฐาน, ขอสนนษฐานpretence - the act of behaving in a particular way, in order to make other people believesomething that is not true พฤตกรรมทไมจรงใจpretend - to behave as if something is true when you know that it is not, especially in order todeceive people แกลงทำาวาเปนจรงprevention - preventing something bad from happening การปองกนภยprevious - happening or existing before the event or object that you are talking about แตกอน,เมอกอนpride - a feeling of pleasure and satisfaction that you get when you, or someone connected withyou, have achieved something special ความภาคภมใจprinciple - a basic rule or belief about what is right, a basic idea or rule that explains or controlshow something happens or works ทฤษฎ, ขอปฏบต, หลกปฏบต, หลกการprior - before กอนหนาprior to - before กอนหนาprioritise - to put tasks, problems, etc. in order of importance, so that you can deal with themost important first จดลำาดบกอนpriority - something important that must be done first or needs more attention than anythingelse, something important that must be done first or which needs more attention thansomething else, something important that must be done first สงทสำาคญเปนลำาดบแรก, การมากอนการใหลำาดบความสำาคญ
private - intended for or involving a particular person or group of people, not for people ingeneral สวนตวprobe - to investigate; to attempt to find out the truth about something; to examine ตรวจสอบprocedure - a way of doing something ขนตอนการดำาเนนการproceed - to continue as planned ดำาเนนการproceedings - the actions taken, usually in court, to settle a legal matter การดำาเนนการ
process - a series of actions that you take in order to achieve a result แนวทางปฏบต, กระบวน,วธการprocession - a line of people or vehicles moving in a slow and formal way as part of an eventขบวน(ราช) รถในพธproclaim - to announce something officially ประกาศprocurement - the process of buying supplies or equipment for a government department orcompany การจดซอวสด เครองมอสำาหรบบรษท หรอหนวยงานของรฐproducer - a company that makes a certain product in their factories ผผลตproduction - the process of making something, especially in large amounts การผลตproduction capacity - the amount of something that can be produced ความสามารถในการ (ผลต)profile - a short article or video programme describing the life and work of a person ororganizationprogress - the process of improving or developing, or of getting nearer to achieving orcompleting something ความกาวหนา
prohibit - to not allow; to ban หามprolonged - continuing for a long time ยดเวลาออกไปpromising - likely to be successful or very good มอนาคตด,มความหวงpromote - to encourage or support something สนบสนนpromotion - giving an employee a higher position or job than they already haveprompt - to cause someone to take action กระตนprone - (suffix) likely to experience a particular problem more often than is usual ทมแนวโนมprone to - likely to experience a particular problem more often than is usual ทมแนวโนมpronounce dead - to officially confirm someone has has diedproofread - to read and correct a piece of written or printed work พสจนอกษร, ปรฟproposal - a plan or suggestion for a group to consider ขอเสนอpropose - to suggest an idea for a group to consider เสนอpros and cons - advantages and disadvantages ขอดและขอเสยprosecute - to official accuse someone of a crime and to try to prove them guilty in a court oflaw ดำาเนนคด ฟองรอง ซกฟอกprosecution - the person or organisation that tries to prove in court that someone hascommitted a crime อยการprosecutor - a lawyer whose job is to prove in court that someone accused of a crime is guiltyอยการprospective - expected to do something or to become something ทคาดหวงไว, ทมงหวง
prosper - to develop in a successful way; to be successful, especially in making moneyเจรญกาวหนา, เจรญรงเรองprosperity - the situation of being successful and having a lot of money ความมงคง ความเจรญรงเรอง
protective - providing or intended to provide protection ซงปกปองprotest - to make a strong complaint or disagreement, a meeting or rally, sometimes forceful or violent, of people who strongly disagree with something, a strong complaint or disagreement การประทวง ชมนมประทวงprotester - someone who shows that they disagree with something by standing somewhere,shouting, carrying signs, etc ผตอตาน, ผประทวงprotracted - lasting for a long time ทยดเยอเปนเวลานานproud - feeling pleased and satisfied about something that you own or have done, or areconnected with ภมใจprove - to use facts, evidence, etc. to show that something is true พสจนproverbial - used to show that you are referring to a particular proverb or well-known phraseเกยวกบสภาษต,เปนคำาพงเพยprovide - to give someone something that they want or need จดหาให, จดเตรยมไวใหprovisional - for the present time but likely to change; temporary ชวคราว,เฉพาะกาลprovoke - to deliberately try to cause a reaction, especially an angry one, to cause a reactionกอใหเกด ยวยอารมณ, ทำาใหโกรธ
psyche - the part of your mind that controls your attitudes and behaviour จตใจ,วญญาณpsychiatrist - a doctor who treats people suffering from mental problems จตแพทยpublic - people in general, providedfor the use of people in general ทเปนของสาธารณะ ประชาชน,สาธารณชนpublic appearance - coming to a place where other people can see you การปรากฏตวpublic convenience - a building with toilets that anyone can use หองนำาสาธารณะpublic relations(PR) - the activity of creating a good opinion among people about a person,product, company, or institution งานประชาสมพนธpublicity stunt - something that is done to get attention for the person or people responsiblefor itpulsating - exciting or excited ทำาใหตะลงงนpunch - to hit somebody/something hard with your fist ชกpungent - (of a smell or taste) very strong, sharp and unpleasant ฉนpuppet - a person who is controlled by someone else คนทตกเปนเครองมอของผอนpurpose-built - special built for a particular purposepyramid - an organization or a system in which there are fewer things at each level as you getnear the top; a solid shape with a square or triangular base and sloping sides that meet in apoint at the top พระมด, รปกรวยเหลยม
Qqualifications - the abilities, qualities, degrees, etc. that you need for a particular job or activityคณสมบต, คณวฒquality - a thing that is part of a person's character, especially something good, the standard ofsomething when it is compared to other things like it; how good or bad something is คณภาพคณลกษณะqueue - a line of people waiting for something ควqueue up - to stand in line waiting for something ตอแถวquote - to repeat the words that someone else has said or written ยกคำาพดมา
Rrace - a completion, especially an election การแขงขนracial - connected with a person's race เกยวกบเชอชาตraid - using force to enter a place suddenly in order to arrest people or search for somethingsuch as illegal weapons or drugs การเขาตรวจคนraise (money) - to collect money for somethingrally - a large public gathering of people to support someone or to protest against something,to join a public meeting that a lot of people go to in order to support someone or protestagainst someone or something ชมนม การชมนมrally site - a place where a large public gathering happens สถานทชมนมrampage - behaving in an uncontrolled, violent way อาละวาดrank - someone’s official position in the armed forces, police, fire services, etc. ยศ, ตำาแหนง
ranks - all the people within a group, organization etcrapid - very fast, happening quickly อยางรวดเรวrarely - not happening often นานๆ ครง, ไมบอยrash - an area of red spots that appear on your skin when you are ill or have a bad reaction tosomething that you have eaten or touched ผนคนraspy - having a rough sound, as if the person has a sore throat เสยงแหบrate - the level or speed at which something happens or changes, or the amount or number of times it happens or changes in a particular period อตราrattle - to make short, knocking sounds from being shaken or hit สงเสยงรวravage - to destroy something or damage it very badly ทำาใหเสยหาย, ทำาลาย, ลางผลาญravaged - destroyed damaged very badly ถกทำาลาย, เสยหาย, ถกลางผลาญraw - materials in their natural state before being processed or used in manufacturing, in itsnatural state; not yet changed, used or made into something else ดบreadiness - a state of being ready and able to deal with what might or will happen ความพรอมreadjust - to get used to a changed or new situation ปรบตวใหม
reaffirm - to give your support to a person, plan, idea, etc. for a second time; to strengthenยนยนใหมrealise - to know about ตระหนก ร reality - what is actually happening ความเปนจรง
reap - to harvest a crop เกยวผลผลตrear admiral - an officer of very high rank in the navy นายทหารเรอยศพลเรอตรreasonable - fair, practical and sensible มเหตผลrebel - a person who opposes somebody in authority over them within an organization, apolitical party, etc; a person who does not like to obey rules or who does not accept normalstandards of behaviour, a person who tries to remove a government or leader by force ผกอกบฏ, คนขดขน, คนหวรนrecall - to remember นกทบทวน จำาไดrecede - to move back; to move further away into the distance; subside ลดลง, ถอยหลงreceipt - the act of receiving something การไดรบrecent - happening or starting a short time ago เรวๆ นreceptionist - a person whose job is to deal with people arriving at or telephoning a hotel, anoffice building, a doctor's surgery, etc. พนกงานตอนรบrecipient - a person who receives somethingreckless - not thinking about the possible bad effects of your actions สะเพราrecklessness - doing something dangerous and not worrying about the risks and the possibleresults ความชะลาใจ,ความเสยง,ความไมยงคดreclusive - living alone and avoiding other people or countries สนโดษrecognise - to know who a person is or what something is, to accept that something is true orimportant ยอมรบ, จำาได รจกreconcile - to become friendly again after a disagreement (ทำาให)ปรองดองกนreconciliation - a new and friendly relationship with someone who you argued with or fought
with (verb form is reconcile), the process of creating a new and friendly relationship again withsomeone you argued with or fought with การทำาใหปรองดองกนอก, การสมานฉนทrecord - the highest amount, most ever, etc. สถตrecount - to count something again, especially votes นบใหมrecover - to become healthy and fit again after an illness or injury การฟ นไขrecovery - the process of becoming normal and healthy again ฟ นฟสภาพrector - the person in charge in some universities, schools, colleges and universities อธการบดrecuperate - to get better after being ill or injured ฟ นไขred tape - documents, rules or processes that cause delays ระเบยบราชการทยงยากและทำาใหลาชาredecorate - to put new paint and/or paper on the walls of a room or house ตกแตงใหมredeem - to get something back again by paying someone the money that they paid you for it,especially when the money was a type of loan ซอคนมา
reduce - to make something smaller or less in amount, size, importance etc ลดลงreel - to feel very shocked, upset or confused ตกตะลงreflect - to show สะทอน แสดงถงreflection - a sign that shows the state or nature of something การสะทอนrefrain - to stop yourself from doing something ระงบ เลก
refuge - a place where you go to protect yourself from something dangerous or threatening ทลภย ทหลบภยrefurbish - to clean and decorate a room, building, etc. in order to make it more attractive,more useful, etc ตกแตงใหม, ขดสขดเงาใหดใหม,refusal - an act of saying or showing that you will not do, give or accept something คำาปฏเสธ,การปฏเสธrefuse - to say you will not do something that someone has asked you to do ปฏเสธregain - to get back something that was lost or taken away ไดกลบมาregain consciousness - to become aware of your surroundings after having been asleep,especially from an injury ไดสต, ฟ นregarded as - considered to be ถอวาregardless of - without being affected or influenced by anything else that happens or exists โดยไมคำานงถงregister - to put your name and other information on an official list in order to be allowed todo something, e.g., vote, study, stay in a hotel etc ลงทะเบยนregistration - the process of recording names or information on an official list การขนทะเบยน, การลงทะเบยนregret - a feeling of sadness about something sad or wrong or about a mistake that you havemade, and a wish that it could have been different and better ความเสยใจ,ความเศราโศกregular - done or happening often, especially with the same time and space in between eachactivity and the next เปนประจำา, เสมอๆregular guy - an ordinary person บคคลธรรมดา
regulate - to control an activity officially by using rules ควบคมrehabilitate - to return someone or something to a good or healthy condition, state or way ofliving ฟ นฟสขภาพrehabilitation - making a system, building, etc., suitable for use again, i.e., bringing it back to agood condition การฟ นฟสภาพกจการreignite - to start to burn again, in this case, anger not a fire เรมใหมshowdown – a big fight,meeting, argument, etc. that settles a disagreement between people and proves who is the best or strongest การเผชญหนาreinforce - to make stronger เสรมใหแขงแรงขนreject - to not agree with, to not agree with a request, offer or proposal ปฏเสธ ไมยอมรบ
rejoice - to feel very happy about something, or to celebrate something in a happy way ดใจ,ปลมใจ, มความสขrejoin - to join somebody/something again after leaving them กลบเขารวมอกrelate to - to be connected with something/somebody; to refer to something/somebodyเชอมโยงกบrelative - a member of your family ญาตพนองrelatively - somewhat; in comparison with someone or something similar คอนขางrelax - to become calm and anxious ผอนคลายrelay - to pass something on (information, money, etc.) from one person or place to another
สงผานrelease - to allow someone or something to go free ปลอย, to allow something to be shown orknown to the public or to be available for use, to make known to the public, to allow someone to go free ปลอย, ปลอยตว ใหขาว, เปดเผย, ปลอยขาวrelentless - never seeming to stop ซงไมหยด, ซงไมยอมผอนผนrelief - help; assistance, money, food, medicine etc. that is given to help people in placeswhere there has been a natural disaster, war, etc. เครองบรรเทาสาธารณภย, การชวยใหพนภยrelocate - to move someone or something to another place โยกยายประชาชนออกจากบรเวณreluctant - not very willing to do something and therefore slow to do it ไมเตมใจrely on - to need something in order to continue living, existing, or operating อาศย, พงพาอาศยremains - the body of a person who has died ศพremand prison - a place where people are kept while they wait for the date of their trial สถานทขงระหวางรอการพจารณาคดremark - something said คำาพดremarkably - in a way that is unusual and surprises or impresses you อยางนาอศจรรยใจremind - to make someone think of something they have forgotten or might have forgotten เตอนความจำาremote - far away from other cities, towns, or people ทหางไกลremoval - taking something away การเอาออกจากremove - to take something away เอาออกจากrender - to make or cause to be ทำาให
renowned - famous and admired for a special skill or achievement ทมชอเสยงrepair - to fix something that is broken or damaged ซอมบำารงrepairman - a person whose job is to fix things ชางซอมrepay - to pay back the money that you have borrowed from somebody จายเงนคน, ใชเงนคนreplace - to put something new in place of something old, to get rid of something and to putsomething new in its place, to put a new person or thing in the place of someone or something แทน, เลกใชและนำาสงใหมมาใชแทนreplacement - something that takes the place of something else การแทนท, การทำาหนาทแทน
replica - an accurate copy of something งานศลปะทจำาลองจากของจรง, ของจำาลองreportedly - as reported (often used for showing that you are not certain that something you are reporting is true) ตามทรายงานreporter - someone whose job is to write articles or make broadcasts about events in the news ผสอขาว, นกขาวrepresentative - someone who has been chosen or elected by a person or group to act for forthem ผแทนreputation - the opinion people have about how good or bad someone or something is ชอเสยงrequest - an act of asking for something in a formal or polite way การขอรองrescue - to save someone form a dangerous or unpleasant situation ชวยชวต
rescue worker - a person who save someone from a dangerous or unpleasant situation ผชวยชวตrescuer - a person who save someone from a dangerous or unpleasant situation ผชวยชวตresearch - a careful study of a subject, especially in order to discover new facts or informationabout it การวจยresentment - a feeling of anger because you have been forced to accept someone or something that you do not like ความไมพอใจreserve - an extra military force, etc. that is not part of a country's regular forces, but is available to be used when needed ทหารกองหนนreserved - kept for a particular purpose or time, kept for use for something or someone ทจดสรรไว, สำารอง, สงวนไวreservoir - a natural or artificial lake where water is stored อางเกบนำาreshuffle - the process of changing the jobs or responsibilities of people in a particular group or organisation การปรบหรอโยกยายตำาแหนงคนในองคกรresidence - a place where someone lives ทอยอาศยresidency - the period of time that an artist, a writer a musician or a group of performers spends working for at a particular placeresident - a person who lives in a particular area ผพกอาศย, ผอยอาศยในบรเวณ ประชาชนทอาศยในทองทresidents - people who live in a particular area ประชาชนทอาศยในทองทresign - to leave a job permanently ลาออกจากตำาแหนงresignation - the act of leaving a job, position of power, etc., permanently การลาออกจากตำาแหนงresist - to oppose or fight against someone or something, to stop yourself from having something
you like or doing something you very much want to do อดทน, อดกลน, ทนตอ, ตานทาน, ตาน,ขดขวางresolution - solving a problem, or to finding a satisfactory way of dealing with it, an officialdecision that is made after a group or organisation have voted มต, การแกไขปญหา
resolve - to make a formal decision มมตresort to - to do something extreme or unpleasant in order to solve a problem ใชมาตรการรนแรงในการแกปญหา ยตปญหาresounding - very great อยางเดนชด, อยางยงใหญresources - things such as money, workers and equipment that can be used to help achievesomething ทรพยากรrespect - a feeling of admiration that you have for someone because of their personal qualities, their achievements, or their status, and that you show by treating them in a polite and kind way ความเคารพ, ความนบถอ, to accept the importance of something; to act according to a rule or law เคารพrespected - admired by many people for your qualities or achievements ทเคารพrespondent - someone who answers questions — ผตอบคำาถาม/แบบสำารวจresponse - a reaction to something that has happened or been said การตอบสนองresponsibility - a duty ความรบผดชอบ, ความรบผดชอบresponsible - deserving to be blamed for something that has happened มความรบผดชอบ
restore - to bring back to good condition ฟ นฟสภาพrestraint - the quality of behaving calmly and with control การอดกลนresume - to begin again after stopping for a period of time ดำาเนนตอไปใหม, กลบมาอกครง, เรมอกครงresume operations - to begin work again after stopping for a period of time ดำาเนนตอไปใหมretail - to sell directly to the public for their own use ขายปลกretain - to keep, continue to have, or to store something เกบไว, สงวนไวretention - the act of keeping or storing something การเกบ, การเกบรกษาretire - to stop working because you have reached the age where you are officially too old towork เกษยณอายretort - to reply immediately in an angry or humorous way to something that someone has said โตตอบ, สวนตอบretreat - to move back or away ถอยกลบretribution - severe punishment for something seriously wrong that somebody has done การแกแคน, การจองเวร,กรรมสนองretrieve - to recover; to get something back, especially something that is not easy to find ไดกลบคนมาreturn - the amount of profit that you get from something; the amount of money you earn เงนรายไดreunion - a situation in which people meet each other again after a period of time when theyhave been separated การพบกนอกครงrevamp - to make a major change or revision to something ปรบปรงใหม
reveal - to let something become known, to show or let something become known เปดเผย
revelation - a surprising piece of information การเปดเผยreveller - someone who enjoys themselves at a party or celebration คนทชอบงานฉลอง ความสนกสนานและงานรนเรงrevenge - something that you do to hurt or punish someone because they have hurt you orsomeone else การแกแคนrevenue - income from taxes or business activities รายไดrevered - highly respected and admired ซงแสดงความเคารพนบถอrevise - to change, improve, or make additions to something แกไข, ปรบปรงrevoke - to officially say that something is no longer legal, e.g., a contract, a law, a document,etc. เพกถอน , ยกเลกrevolution - a situation when people completely change their political system or government,often by force การปฏรปrhetorical - of speech or writing that is intended to influence people, but that is not alwayscompletely honest or sincere เชงโวหาร,เกยวกบวาทศลปrich - containing a lot of fat, butter, eggs, etc. and making you feel full quickly (อาหาร) มน, มนยอง, เลยนriddle - to make a lot of holes in somebody/something แทงหรอเจาะใหเปนรพรนrifle - a large gun with a long barrel that you hold against your shoulder to fire ปนยาว, ปนไรเฟล
rift - a serious disagreement between two people or groups ความแตกราวrim - the edge of something in the shape of a circle ขอบ, รม,riot - a violent protest by a group of people ความไมสงบ การจลาจลrioter - a person who protests violently about something ผกอการจลาจลrisk - danger, how likely or possible it is for a bad event that causes harm and damage, thepossibility that something dangerous or unpleasant might happen ความเสยงrisky - involving the possibility of danger, harm or failure เสยงอนตรายrite - a traditional ceremony, especially a religious one พธกรรม (พระราชพธ)ritual - a formal ceremony, a set of fixed actions and sometimes words performed regularly,especially as part of a ceremony พธกรรม, พธการrival - a person you are competing against or opposing คแขงrivalry - competition between groups of people, business, teams, etc. การแขงขนกน,การเปนคตอสกนroar - to make a continuous, very loud noise,a loud continuous noise made by the wind or sea, or by a machine เสยงดงลน แผดเสยงดงroaring trade - a very good business, i.e., selling products very quicklyrock - to shock, surprise, or frighten someone ทำาใหตกใจ, ทำาใหสนสะเทอน
role - the position or purpose that someone or something has in a situation, organisation, society or relationship, an actor's part in a film or play บทละคร บทบาท
roll - to turn over and over and move in a particular direction; to make a round object do thisมวน, กลง, หมนrough - difficult and unpleasant, not calm or smooth มคลนมาก, ยากลำาบาก, ไมเปนระเบยบround up - to find and bring together a group of people or animals ; sweep up ไลจบroute - the way that planes, buses, trains, or ships travel regularly เสนทางของรถ เรอ เครองบน,etc., the roads used to go from one place to another เสนทางroutine - ordinary and not interesting or special; usual and not done for any special reason, the normal order and way in which you regularly do things กจวตรประจำา ตามปกตrow - a serious disagreement about an issue between people, organisations or countries การทะเลาะววาทroyal - a member of the family of a king and queen บคคลในราชวงศrubber - a highly elastic substance used to cushion blows (See Wikipedia on natural rubber from trees and synthetic man-made rubber)rubber dinghy - a small rubber boat that is filled with air to make it float เรอบดเลกrule - (of a court or other group with similar authority) to make and announce a decision ตดสน,
พพากษา, ชขาดrule out - to stop considering something as a possibility ประกาศวาเปนสงทเปนไปไมไดruling - a decision by a court of law คำาตดสน คำาชขาดrumour - a piece of information, or a story, that people talk about, but that may not be true ขาวลอrun off - water flowing away from a flooded arearun-off - rain, water or other liquid that runs off land into streams and rivers นำาหลากrun-up - a period of time leading up to an important event; the preparation for thisrunway - catwalk; the raised area at a fashion show that the models walk along พนทยกสงขนเปนทางยาวและแคบ (สำาหรบนางแบบเดนแบบ)rush hour - a time of the day when large number of people are either going to or coming fromwork ชวงเวลาเรงดวน
Ssacred - considered to be holy ศกดสทธsacrifice - to give up important or valuable things, so that you or other people can have or do
something else เสยสละเพอสวนรวมsafe and sound - safe and in a good, healthy condition ปลอดภย, สขภาพดsafeguard - to protect something/somebody from loss, harm or damage; to keepsomething/somebody safe ปองกน, ปกปอง, คมครอง, อารกขาsaga - a long complicated series of related usually negative events การเลาอยางยดยาวsalvage - to save something from being lost completely กอบกsample - a small amount of a substance that is used for scientific or medical tests ตวอยางทดลองsandwich - to fit something/somebody into a very small space between two other things orpeople, or between two times ใสไปในระหวางสองสงsarcasm - saying or writing the opposite of what you mean การเขยนหรอพดเสยดส แดกดนsatellite - an electronic device that is sent into space and moves around the earth or anotherplanet. It is used for communicating by radio, television, etc. and for providing informationดาวเทยมsatire - a way of criticising people or ideas in a humorous way, or a piece of writing or playwhich uses this style การเสยดส, การเยยหยน, การถากถางsaturate - to make something completely wet ทำาใหชมไปดวยนำาsaviour - a person (or thing) who saves someone or something from trouble or danger ผชวยใหรอด, ผชวยเหลอ, ผชวยชวตsavvy - having practical knowledge or understanding of something ร,เขาใจ, มความรความสามารถscale - magnitude; level; degree the size of something, especially when it is big ความใหญเลก
scandal - a situation in which important people behave in a dishonest or immoral way thatshocks people เรองออฉาวscarcity - when there is not enough of something and it is difficult to obtain it ความขาดแคลน,ความไมเพยงพอscarf - a piece of cloth that is worn around the neck, for example for warmth or decoration.Women also wear scarves over their shoulders or hair ผาพนคอscenario - a description of possible actions or events in the future การสมมตสภาพทเลวรายทเปนไปไดscene - site; a place where something happens or happened สถานทเกดเหตscented - having a strong pleasant smell หอมกรนscheduled - planned to happen at a particular time or day, a list showing the times at whichparticular events will happen ตามตารางเวลาscheme - a plan that is developed by a government or large organisation in order to provide aparticular service for people แผนการ โครงการ
scope - the things that a particular activity, organisation, subject, etc deals with ขอบเขตscorpion - a small creature like an insect with six legs, two front claws (= curved and pointedarms) and a long tail that curves over its back and can give a poisonous sting. แมงปองscout - a person, an aircraft, etc. sent ahead to get information about the enemy's position,strength, etc. ทหารสอดแนม,ทหารพราน,แมวมอง
scramble - to move quickly but with difficulty; to take quick action to solve a problem ทำาอยางรบเรงscript - a written text of a play, film/movie, broadcast, talk, etc ตวเขยน,ตนฉบบ, บทsculpture - a solid object that someone makes as a work of art by shaping a substance such asstone, metal or wood รปป นsearch - looking somewhere or through something carefully in order to find something การคนหาsecond to none - as good as or better than all others เปนเลศ, ไมเปนรองใครsecond-in-line to the throne - a person who has the right to become the king or queen of acountry after someone one else, in this case, after Prince Charlessecretariat - a group of senior people within a government or organisation สำานกเลขาธการsection - any of the parts into which something is divided สวน, สวนทตดออก, สวนยอยsecure - to get or achieve something ไดรบ, ทำาใหไดผลsecurity - protection; safety from attack, harm, or damage ความมนคง, ระบบรกษาความปลอดภ,ความปลอดภยseek (past form: sought) - to try to obtain or achieve something พยายามไดมาsegment - a part of somethign สวน, ภาค (เศรษฐกจ)seize - to take something with your hand suddenly, firmly or roughly, to take something usingofficial power ยด, จบselfish - caring only about yourself rather than about other people เหนแกตวsenior - with a high rank or position, a person who is older than you ผอาวโส
seniority - greater age or a more important social position ทอาวโสsentence - a punishment given by a court of law, (of a court of law) to give a punishmentลงโทษ, การตดสนลงโทษseparate - forming a unit by itself; not joined to something else ซงแยกออกจากกนseries - several events or things of a similar kind that happen one after the other สงทตอเนองกน,อนกรม, ลำาดบserve - to be useful to somebody in achieving or satisfying something รบใช, ใหความชวยเหลอ, มประโยชนsesame - a tropical plant grown for its seeds and their oil, which are used in cooking งาset ablaze - to set on fire วางเพลงset sail - to leave on a journey by boat ออกเรอset the pace - to be first, fastest, most successful, etc, in a competition at a particular time
set the stage for - to make something possible or easier to be done ปทางไวสำาหรบsetting - the place where someone or something is, and all the things, people, or emotionsthat are part of that place สภาพแวดลอม,settle down - to start to have a quieter way of life, living in one place, often by getting married ตงถนฐานsettle for - to accept someone or something that is not exactly what you wanted because youcannot have what you wanted ยอมรบsever - to cut off completely ตดออก
severe - very serious and unpleasant, very serious and worrying ทรนแรง ทนาเปนหวง รนแรงseverely - very seriously อยางรนแรงseverity - seriousness ความรนแรงsewer - an underground pipe or passage that carries sewage (liquid waste) ทอนำาเสย, ทอระบายนำา (sewerage is the system of dealing with wastes)shade - a type or degree of a colour ปรมาณสทแตกตางกนเลกนอยshadow - the dark shape that somebody/something's form makes on a surface, for example on the ground, when they are between the light and the surface, to follow and watch somebody closely and often secretly ตดตามอยางใกลชด เงา, รมเงาshady - seeming to be dishonest or illegal นาสงสย, ไมนาเชอ, เคลอบแคลงshare - to have or use something at the same time as someone else, any of the units of equalvalue into which a company is divided and sold to raise money. People who own shares receive part of the company's profits หน, ใชรวมกนsharp - strong, sudden and rapid, especially of a change in something ฉบพลน, กะทนหน, ทรนแรงsheer force - very powerful force (“sheer” is used for emphasis or stress)sheet - a thin flat piece of paper, metal, plastic, glass etc สงทเปนแผนแบน (เชน แผนกระดาษ, แผนเหลก, แผนแกว)shelter - a place where people are protected from danger or bad weather; a temporary placeto stay, to give protection from bad weather, danger, attack, etc. ทหลบภย ทพกชวคราวshift - to move from one place to another เคลอนยาย
shore up - to help to support something that is weak or going to fail ยน, พยง, เสรมshort term - lasting a short time; designed only for a short period of time in the future ระยะสนshortage - when there is not enough of something การขาดแคลนshoulder - one of the two parts of your body between your neck and the top of your arms ไหลshout - to speak with a very loud voice, often as loud as possible, usually when you want tomake yourself heard in noisy situations ตะโกนshow trial - a trial that a government arranges for political reasons and decides the result ofbefore the trial beginsshowcase - to show the best qualities or parts of something แสดงจดเดนของสงของหรอคน
shrine - a place for worship which is holy because of a connection with a holy person or object; a special place in which you remember and praise someone who has died, especially someone famous สถานทบชา หรอ หลมศพshrug off - to show that something does not worry or upset you ไมเอาใจใส, ไมสนใจshunt - a small tube put in your body in a medical operation to allow the blood or other fluidto flow from one place to another สายระบายนำาshuttle - to take people frequently between two places; to travel frequently between twoplaces สงไปสงมาshuttle - to take people frequently between two places; to travel frequently between twoplaces สงไปสงมา
side - team; one of the two or more people or groups taking part in a competition, argument,war, etc ทม, ฝาย, พรรคside-effect - an effect of something that is not intended and could be unpleasant ผลขางเคยงsift - to look carefully through something คนหาsignature - a person name written in a special way by the person ลายมอชอsignificant - important, large or important enough to have an effect or to be noticed ซงมความหมาย สำาคญsignificantly - in an important way อยางมความหมาย, อยางสำาคญsilence - a situation in which somebody refuses to talk about something or to answer questions,complete lack of noise or sound การไมพด, ความเงยบsilent - very quiet; without sound เงยบsilly - stupid or embarrassing, especially in a way that is more typical of a child than an adultเซอ, บอsimilar - like somebody/something but not exactly the same คลายกนsimple - easy to understand; not complicated งาย,ไมยงยาก, ไมซบซอนsincerity - (of a person, feelings or behaviour) not pretending or lying; honest ความจรงใจ,ตรงไปตรงมาsingle - unmarried โสดsingle-digit - any one of the ten numbers 0 to 9 ตวเลข (0 ถง 9)sink (past form: sank) - to (cause something or someone to) go down below the surface or tothe bottom of a liquid or soft substance จม
sister-in-law - the sister of your husband or wife. The brother of your husband or wife is yourbrother-in-law พหรอนองสะใภsite - a place where something is located สถานทsituated - located ตงอยทsituation - all the circumstances and things that are happening at a particular time and in aparticular place สถานการณ
skyrocket - to increase very quickly ลอยขนสงอยางฉบพลนslain - killed in a violent way ถกฆาทารณ, ถกสงหารโหดslam - to put, move, or hit something against or onto a surface with great force กระแทกเสยงดง ตเสยงดงslam (blast) - to strongly criticise someone or something วพากษวจารณอยางรนแรงslam the door - to not allow someone to do something; to cut off all communicationsslammed - strongly criticised วพากษวจารณอยางรนแรงslander - to make a false spoken statement about somebody that is intended to damage thegood opinion that people have of them พดใหราย, กลาวราย, ใสรายslash - (of a budget, price, etc.) to cut, especially by a large amount ตดslide - a structure with a steep slope for sliding down รางเลอนslight - small in size or amount เลกนอยslingshot (catapult) - a device which can throw objects at a high speed หนงสตกslot - a long narrow opening, into which you put or fit something ชองเปดทแคบยาว (สำาหรบใสเหรยญ, จดหมาย, etc.)
sluggish - not performing or reacting as well as usual (เศรษฐกจ) ทซบเซาsmart - looking clean and neat; well dressed in fashionable and/or formal clothes เนยบ, สะอาดและประณต, นามอง, นำาสมยsmooth - happening or continuing without any problems โดยไมมปญหา, มประสทธภาพsnatch - to take or get something quickly ควาsneak peek - a short preview (early look) of something, usually a video clip of a movie that isabout to be released, to create interestsniper - someone who shoots at people from a hidden place ผลอบยงsnub - insulting someone by ignoring them or being rude to them การดแคลน, การดถกso-called - said to be something but which may not be true ทเปนทรกน (ซงบางครงอาจไมเปนจรงกได)soaked - very wet เปยกโชกsoap opera - a story about the lives and problems of a group of people which is broadcastevery day or several times a week on television or radio เรองนำาเนาsober - not drunk (= not affected by alcohol) ไมเมา (ยาหรอเหลา)social security number - a number given to working people in US who are in the government’sold-age income plansoil - the substance on the surface of the Earth in which plants grow, land owned by a countryพนดน, ดนsolitary confinement - a punishment in which a prisoner is kept alone, separate from otherprisoners
solution - a way of solving a problem or dealing with a difficult situation วธแกปญหาsong and dance - complaining or talking about something a lot
soothsayer - a person who is believed to be able to tell what will happen in the future ผคาดการณอนาคต, ผทำานายsought (past tense of seek) - asked for something, or to tried to get something พยายามไดมาsoul - the spiritual part of a person or thing วญญาณsource - someone who gives information แหลงขาว, the place something comes from or starts at, or the cause of something, someone who gives information แหลงขาว, แหลงกำาเนดsovereignty - the right to rule a country or area อำานาจอธปไตย อำานาจเดจขาดเหนอพนทsoy bean - a type of bean, originally from SE Asia, that is used instead of meat or animal protein in some types of food ถวเหลองspare - to prevent someone from having to experience something unpleasant, to save or setaside, to prevent someone from having to experience something unpleasant ปลอยไว, ละเวน, สงวนไว, ยกโทษให,อภยโทษspare time - free time, i.e., time when you can do what you want to do เวลาวางspark - to make something happen, especially something bad กอใหเกดsparse - only present in small amounts or numbers and often spread over a large area บางตา, มนอย
spatter - to cover somebody/something with drops of liquid, dirt, etc สาด,กระเดน,โปรย,พรม,ทำาใหเปอนspecialist - a doctor who has specialised in a particular area of medicine, a person who is anexpert in a particular area of work or study ผชำานาญเฉพาะทาง แพทยเฉพาะทางspecifically - in a detailed and exact way เฉพาะ, เฉพาะเจาะจงspectacular - very exciting to look at; extremely impressive นาตนเตน ทตระการตาspectator - a person who watches an activity, especially a sports event, without taking part ผเขาชมspeculation - ideas or discussion about why something has happened or what might happenคาดการณ ประเมนสถานการณspeed (past: sped) - to move very quickly ไปดวยความรวดเรวspeed off (past: sped off) - to move away from something very quickly ไปดวยความรวดเรวspike - a sudden increase การพงพรวดขนspillway - a structure used to provide for the controlled release of flows from a dam or dykeinto a downstream area ทางนำาลนspinal cavity - the space through which the spinal cord passes into the vertebrae (the smallbones that are connected together to form the spine) ชองกระดกสนหลงspiral - to move in continuous circles, going upwards or downwards หมนเปนขดsplash across - to put a photograph, news story, etc. in a place where it will be easily noticedแสดงโออวดsplendour - grand and impressive beauty; the beautiful and impressive features or qualities ofsomething, especially a place ความงดงาม
split - to divide ทำาใหแตกแยกspontaneous - happening or done in a natural, often sudden way, without any planning orwithout being forced ซงเปนไปตามธรรมชาต, เปนไปเอง, ซงเกดขนเอง, โดยสญชาตญาณsport - to have or wear something in a proud way สวมใสspotlight - the centre of public attention จดสนใจของผคน, เปนทสนใจspouses - a husband or wife คสมรสspread - to gradually affect or cover a larger area แพรกระจายspring up - to appear or to be produced suddenly and quickly ทะลงพรวดsprinkle - to shake small amounts of a liquid or a substance over the surface of something โปรยspy - to secretly collect and report information จารกรรมstab - to kill or hurt someone by pushing a knife or other sharp object into their body แทงดวยอาวธstab in the back - to do or say something that harms somebody who trusts you หกหลง, ทรยศstability - a situation in which things happen as they should and there are no harmful changes;when something is not likely to move or change ความมนคง, เสถยรภาพstable - not changing frequently and not likely to suddenly become worse คงท, มนคงstaff - all the workers employed in an organisation considered as a group คณะผทำางาน, คนงาน
stage - a raised area, usually in a theatre, etc. where actors, dancers, etc. perform, to organise an event or activity จด, an area of activity where important things happen เวทstained glass - pieces of coloured glass that are put together to make windows, especially inchurches กระจกหงstall - a large table or a small building that is open at the front, used for selling things (or forgiving people information) รถ หรอแผงขายของstammer - to speak with difficulty, repeating sounds or words and often stopping, before saying things correctly พดตะกกตะกกstamp out - to end something bad or unpleasant by taking strong action ยต, ดบstand a chance - to have the possibility of succeeding or achieving something มโอกาส, เปนไปไดทจะstandard - the way things are normally done, a rule for behaving which should be obeyedมาตรฐาน, บรรทดฐาน, กฎเกณฑ, กรอบ การปฏบตทเปนมาตราฐานstanding - the position or reputation of somebody/something within a group of people or in an organisation ,ชอเสยงstands - raised areas, often part of a sports stadium, where people sit or stand to watch a match or event ทนงชมการแสดงstaple - an important product, especially a food, that people eat or use regularly อาหารหลก,สนคาหลก
startled - to be suddenly very surprised in a way that slightly shocks or frightens you ผวา, ขวญหายstarve - to suffer or to die because there is not enough food อดอาหารstate - government, country, to formally write or say something, especially in a careful and clearway บอกกลาว, แถลง, กลาว ประเทศ รฐบาลstate agency - a government department or body หนวยงานของรฐstate media - television channels, radio stations or newspapers run by the government สอของรฐบาลstate witness - a witness for the government side, i.e., the prosecution, in a court casestated - said firmly and clearly in publicstatement - something that you say or write that gives information or an opinion แถลงการณ, คำาแถลงstatue - a human or animal image that is made of stone, wood, metal, etc. รปป นstatues - human or animal images that are made of stone, wood, metal, etc.รปป นstatus - official or legal position สถานภาพstaunch - always loyal in supporting a person, organization or set of beliefs or opinions จงรกภกด, แขงแรงsteady - firmly fixed, supported or balanced; not shaking or likely to fall down มนคงstealthily - done quietly or secretly ผลบโผล, ลอบsteep slope - the side of a hill or mountain that rises quickly and is hard to climb ทางลาดชนstem - to stop something from increasing or spreading หยดยง,ยบยง,สกด
stem from - to be caused by เกดจากstemming from - coming from, being caused bystep up - to increase; to cause to happen at a faster rate เรงstepbrother - the son from an earlier marriage of your stepmother (แมเลยง) or stepfather(พอเลยง) ลกเลยงทเปนผชายstimulate - to make something develop or become more active; to encourage something กระตน, สงเสรมsting (operation) - an action by police to catch criminals by tricking them, e.g. by pretending tobuy illegal drugsstir - a lot of interest or excitement ความตนเตนstir up - to make someone feel upset or angry กอใหเกดความขนใจstir-fry - to cook thin strips of vegetables or meat quickly by stirring them in very hot oil ผดstockpile - to collect large amounts of things that may be needed เกบสะสมไวในstorage capacity - the amount of something that can be kept in a place, building, container, etc. ความจstorm - to use force to enter a place and take control of it บกกระหนำา
straightforward - clear and honest ตรงไปตรงมาstranded - left somewhere with no way of going anywhere else ปลอยเกาะ ถกทงไวstranger - a person that you do not know คนแปลกหนาstrategy - a plan to achieve a goal over a longer period of time (longer than a "tactic"), a plan or method for
achieving something, especially over a long period of time ยทธวธ, แผนการstray - to behave in a way that is not correct or proper หลงทางstress - to emphasise something such as an idea, fact or detail; to explain why something isimportant เนนstretch - a continuous area of land or water; a length or area of something like a road, water or land, to reach out as far as possible ยดออกstretcher - a type of bed used for carrying someone who is injured, ill, or dead เปลพยาบาลstricken - affected by serious problems ไดรบผลกระทบจากปญหาหนกหนวงstride - walking with long steps in a particular direction การเดนกาวยาวๆstriker - a football player whose job is to stay near the opponent’s goal and to score goals การบกในกฬาฟตบอลstring - a series of similar or connected events that happen one after the other การเรยงตอเนองของเหตการณหรอสงตางๆstrong market potential - has a good chance of being sold to many customers in a market (andgaining a large market share of the market)stronghold - bastion; an area where there is a lot of support for a political party ฐานเสยง, ฐานทมน, ขมกำาลงstruck (past of strike) - hit someone or something forcefully or violently กระแทก, ชนstruggle - to try hard to do something that you find very difficult, a difficult fight or an attemptto defeat someone การตอสเพอความอยรอด, พยายาม
stuck - unable to move, or fixed in a particular position or place, fixed in a particular position or place ตดstump speech - a prepared speech during an election campaign that a candidate gives at eacheventstunned - very surprised มน, ตกตะลง, งงงนstunt - something dangerous, for example jumping from a building, that is done to entertainpeople, often as part of a film การแสดงโลดโผน,การแสดงเสยงอนตรายsubdued - quiet; not very loud or bright เงยบ, เงยบสงบsubject - a person who has the right to belong to a particular country, especially one with a king or queen ประชากร, ผอยภายใตการปกครองsubject to - affected by ภายใตบงคบ (กฎหมาย)submerge - to cause to be under water; to indundate จมนำา ทำาใหอยใตนำาsubmerged - under water; indundated จมนำา อยใตนำา
submit - to formally give something to someone so that can make a decision about it, to accept that someone has defeated you, to say or suggest something เสนอ ยอมจำานน ยน (เอกสาร) เพอการพจารณาsubmitted - formally given to someone so that they can make a decision about it ยนsubsequently - happening or coming after something else ซงตามมาsubside - to sink to a lower level; to go back; to recede subside – ลดลง
subsidise - to pay part of the costs of something ใหความชวยเหลอดานการเงนsubstance - a particular type of liquid, solid, or gas สารsubstantial - large in size, value or importance, strong; solid มากมาย, แขงแรง, แนนหนา, เปนจรง,ยงใหญ, สำาคญsubtle - not obvious เบาบางsuccessor - a person or thing that comes after someone or something and takes their/its place ผสบทอด, ดำารงตำาแหนงตอsue - to take legal action against a person or organisation, especially by making a legal claim for money because of some harm that they have caused you ฟองรองsuffer - to experience something very unpleasant or painful, to be badly affected by a verydifficult or unpleasant situation ประสบความลำาบาก ประสบsuffer (from) - to be badly affected by a disease, pain, sadness, a lack of something, etc เปนโรค, ประสบความทกขsuffering - physical or mental pain or problems ความทกขทรมานsufficient - enough เพยงพอsuggest - to show that something is possibly true ชวนคดsuggestion - an idea or a plan that you mention for somebody else to think about ขอเสนอ,ขอเสนอแนะsuit - to be convenient or suitable for someone เหมาะกบsuit yourself - do or think whatever you want, (even though you do not agree) ตามใจคณsuitability - being right or appropriate for a particular purpose or occasion ความคควร,ความเหมาะสม,ความสมควร
summarise - to give a statement of the main points สรปsummit - a meeting or a series of meetings between leaders of two or more countries การประชมสดยอดsummoned - officially ordered someone to come to a place, especially a court of law เรยกตวsunken - having fallen to the bottom river, lake, sea, etc. จมอยใตนำาsuperintendent - a senior police officer เจาหนาทตำารวจระดบสงsuperior - someone who holds a higher job or position than you do ผบงคบบญชาsupervise - to be in charge of an activity and to check that everything is being done correctlyดแล ควบคม
supervisor - someone who is in charge of an activity, a place, or a group of people such asworkers or students ผควบคมดแล, หวหนางานsupplement - to add something extra ชวยเสรมsupplies - the things such as food, medicines, fuel, etc. that are needed by a group of people สงทจดหาให, เสบยง, เวชภณฑsuppression - stopping an activity from happening, in this case, criminal activity การปราบปรามsurge - to increase very quickly a sudden increase in something, in this case, the flow of waterการเพมขนอยางรวดเรว, เพมขนอยางรวดเรวsurgeon - a doctor who is trained to perform surgery (= medical operations that involve cuttingopen a person's body) ศลยแพทย
surgery - medical treatment in which a doctor cuts open someone’s body การผาตดsurrender - to give yourself up ยอมจำานนsurround - to be everywhere around something ลอมรอบsurrounding - to be closely connected with a situation or an event เชอมตอกน เกยวของกบsurveillance - the process of carefully watching a person or place การเฝาตรวจตราอยางเขมงวดsurvey - to ask a large number of people questions to find out their opinions สำารวจsurvival - the fact or state of continuing to live or exist, especially in difficult conditions การอยรอดsurvival kit - relief kit; a box or container containing things that you need in order to stay alive if you are in a difficult or dangerous situation in which you are unable to get helpsurvive - to continue to live, to manage to deal with something difficult or unpleasant, to stayalive after a difficult or dangerous situation มชวตรอด รอดไปไดsurvivor - someone or something that still exists after and event that could have killed ordestroyed them ผรอดชวตsuspect - to believe that something is true, especially something bad, a person who is thoughtto have committed a crime สงสย, ผตองสงสยsuspend - to stop for a period of time ยกเลกชวคราว, ระงบชวคราวsuspended (sentence) - a situation when the court decides that the person who has beenproven guilty of a crime does not have to undergo the punishment given, usually under certain conditions รอลงอาญา
suspicious - having a feeling that something bad is probably true or likely to happen สงสยsustain - to experience, injury, damage, loss, etc., to keep someone alive; to give someonestrength, energy, or hope ทำาใหมชวตตอไป, ทำาใหมตอไป, ประสบกบ (ความสญเสย การเจบปวย)sustainable - able to be successfully continued for a long time ยงยน, ถาวรswallow - to take somebody/something in or completely cover it so that they cannot be seen or no longer exist separately ทวมทน, ดดกลนswan - a large bird that is usually white and has a long thin neck. Swans live on or near water.หงส
swarm - to go to a place in large numbers แหกนไปsweep - to move through an area, to move or spread quickly through an area; to movesomething or someone with powerful force เคลอนไปอยางรวดเรว, พดพาเอาไปsweep away - to destroy or to completely remove something, to pull away by a strong currentin the water; to destroy or to completely remove something พดพาไป (ตามลมหรอนำา)swiftly - happening quickly อยางรวดเรว โดยดวนswirling - moving quickly in circles หมนวนอยางเรวswitch - to change เปลยนswollen - larger or fuller than normal ขยายใหญ,พองตว,บวมsymbol - someone or something that represents a particular idea or quality สญลกษณ
symbolise - to represent something; to be a symbol of something เปนสญลกษณ, เปนเครองแสดงsympathise with - to approve of and support someone or something เหนอกเหนใจsympathy - a natural feeling of kindness and understanding that you have for someone who isexperiencing something very unpleasant ความเหนอกเหนใจsymptom - a sign that someone has an illness อาการsyndrome - a medical condition that has a particular set of effects on your body or mind อาการของโรคตางๆ ทเกดขนพรอมๆ กน
tabloid - a type of popular newspaper with small pages which has many pictures and shortsimple reports หนงสอพมพขนาดเลกทรวมเรองสนตางๆ ไวtackle - to make an organised and determine attempt to deal with a problem จดการกบปญหา,จดการtactic - a planned way of doing something ยทธวธtake for granted - to be so used to somebody/something that you do not recognise their truevalue anymore and do not show that you are gratefultake its toll - to have a bad effect on somebody/something ไดรบผลสะทอนกลบtake off - to become successful or popular very quickly or suddenly ไดรบความนยมอยางรวดเรวtake office - to begin to hold a position of power เรมปฏบตหนาททไดรบมอบหมายtake refuge - to go to a place which provides protection or shelter from danger or trouble ลภยtake responsibility - to say or admit you are the cause of something, usually something bad(and, often, to do what needs to be done to correct the situation) แสดงความรบผดชอบtake revenge - to do something to hurt or punish someone because they have hurt you orsomeone else แกแคนtake shelter - to go to a place which provides protection from danger, bad weather, etc. ลภยtake turns - (of a number of people) to do the same thing one after the other สลบกนtale - story เรองเลาtalent - a natural ability to be good at something, especially without being taught ความสามารถพเศษtalkative - liking to talk a lot ชางพด, ชางคย
tame - to make someone or something easy to control ทำาใหออนนอม, ทำาใหเชองtamper with - to try to change something that should not be changed เปลยนเพอทำาลายtangible - real or not imaginary; able to be shown ชดเจนtangle - something very complicated and difficult to deal with เรองซบซอน เรองยงเหยงtap water - water that is sent through pipes into building นำาประปาtarget - a person, business, building, area, etc., that someone intends to attack, to directsomething at someone or something, a particular number or amount that you want to achieveตงเปาหมาย เปาหมายtask - something that you have to do หนาท; ภารกจtattoo - a permanent image, pattern or word on the skin which is created by using needles toput colours under the skin รอยสกtax evasion - deliberately not paying the taxes you owe การหนภาษtaxi queue - a group of taxis which line up to wait for customerstemperament - the part of your character that affects your moods and the way you behaveอารมณ,นสย,ภาวะจตใจtemperature - a measurement of how hot or how cold a place or object is อณหภม
temporary - done or used for only a limited period of time ชวคราวtempt - to make people want to do or have something ลอใจ,ยวใจ
temptation - the desire to do or have something that you know is bad or wrong สงลอใจ, การลอtend - to be likely to behave in a particular way or have a particular characteristic มกจะtender a resignation - to formally offer to leave a position permanently in writing ยนใบลาออกtense - feeling nervous or worried เครยดtension - the feeling caused by a lack of trust between people, groups or countries ความตงเครยดtensions - the feelings caused by a lack of trust between people, groups or countries who donot agree about something and may attack each other ความตงเครยดtenure - the period of time during which someone has an important job ชวงระยะเวลาทดำารงตำาแหนงterminate - to end or stop something ทำาใหสนสดterrain - the physical features of an area of land, e.g., mountainous, flat, hilly, etc. ภมประเทศterrifying - extremely frightening; causing great fear นาสะพรงกลวterritory - land which is considered as belonging to or connected with a particular country orperson ดนแดน, an area of land controlled by a particular country, leader or army อาณาบรเวณอาณาเขตประเทศterrorism - the use of violence to achieve political aims การใชความรนแรงเพอขอเรยกรองทางการเมองterrorist - of someone who uses violence in order to achieve political aims ผกอการราย
testify - to make a statement about something that you saw, know, or experienced, usually in a court of law ใหการเปนพยานtestimony - a formal statement about something that you say, know or experienced, usuallygiven to a court of law คำาใหการthe institution - the Thai monarchythe monarchy - the royal institution (higher institution); the throne; the crown ระบอบประชาธปไตยอนมพระมหากษตรยเปนประมขthe opposition - the elected politicians who belong to the largest party which does not formthe government, the political party or parties that are not part of the government ฝายคาน พรรคฝายคานthe pack - a group of similar people or things, especially one that you do not like or approve of กลม, หม, พวกthe public - people in general ประชาชนthe wild - living or growing in natural conditions; not kept in a house or on a farm สภาพธรรมชาตtheatre - a building or an outdoor area where plays and similar types of entertainment areperformed โรงละคร, โรงมหรสพ
theme - the main subject of something ใจความสำาคญ, ประเดนหลกtheory - one or more ideas that explain how or why something happens สมมตฐานtherapy - a treatment which helps someone feel better, grow stronger, etc., especially after anillness การบำาบดโรค
thief - someone who steals something. An instance of stealing something is called a theft ขโมยthink twice - to think about a decision or a plan again and perhaps change your mind ไตรตรองอกครงthorough - detailed and careful ละเอยดถถวนthoroughfare - a main road through a place ถนนในเมอง (โดยเฉพาะสายหลกทการจราจรคบคง)thoughtful - showing signs of careful thought ครนคด, ไตรตรอง, ใชความคด,คดหนกthreat - a danger, an occasion when someone says that they will cause you harm or problems,especially if you do not do what they want you to do การคกคาม,การขเขญ, อนตรายthreaten - to say that you might do something bad or harmful, especially in order to makesomeone do something, to be likely to harm or destroy something เปนลางราย ขเขญ คกคาม ทำาใหกลวthreatening - dangerous; likely to cause harm or violence อนตราย, เปนภยthrill - to cause to become excited in a pleasant way ทำาใหตนเตนthumbs-up - approval; acceptance การเหนดวยthunder - the sudden loud noise which comes from the sky especially during a storm ฟารองticket - an official notice that orders you to pay a fine because you have done somethingillegal while driving or parking your car ใบสง สำาหรบผกระทำาผดกฎจราจรtides - the regular rise and fall of the level of the sea (the tides) ปรากฏการณนำาขนนำาลง, กระแสนำาขนนำาลงties - relations; connections ความสมพนธ
tight - very close with competitors that seem to be equally good ทมคแขงทมความสามารถใกลเคยงกนtolerance - the willingness to accept somebody/something, especially opinions or behaviourthat you may not agree with, or people who are not like you การยอมรบความคดเหนของผอน, ความอดกลนtone - the general character of a place or event; the general mood or main qualities ofsomething, the quality of somebody's voice, especially expressing a particular emotion นำาเสยง,ลกษณะนำาเสยง ลกษณะทวๆไปtoothpick - a short pointed piece of wood or plastic used for removing bits of food frombetween the teeth ไมจมฟนtop brass - the people with the highest positions of authority, especially in the armed forcesบคคลสำาคญtorrent - a large amount of water or mud flowing rapidly and violently กระแสนำาเชยว,การไหลพtorrential - (of rain or moving water) extremely heavy ซงไหลเชยว
torrents - large amounts of water flowing rapidly and violently กระแสนำาเชยว,การไหลพงtorso - the main part of the body, not including the head, arms or legs ลำาตวtotal - to add up the numbers of something/somebody and get a total ผลรวม, ยอดรวมtouch wood - to hope that a good thing will continue and to avoid bringing bad lucktough - difficult to do or to deal with, demanding that particular rules be obeyed and ready to
give out punishments to those who refuse ทลงโทษรายแรง เขมงวด, ยาก, ยากลำาบากtoughen - to make somebody stronger and more able to deal with difficult situations ทำาใหแขงแรงtournament - a competition for teams or single players in which a series of games is played,and the winners of each game play against each other until only one winner is left การแขงขนtow - to pull a vehicle or boat by fixing it to the back of a another vehicle or boat ลากจงtraces - very small amounts of a substance รองรอยtrack - a rough path or road, usually one that has not been built but that has been made bypeople walking there รองรอยทางเดน,ทางเดนเทา, หนทาง, เสนทางtrack record - (your reputation what people think of you), based on the things that you havedone ภาพรวมของผลงานทผานมาซงเปนทรบร tracker - a special type of electronic equipment that can follow the movements ofsomebody/somethingtraditional - a very old custom, belief, or story, things (buildings, clothes, music, customs, etc.)that have been part of a country or society for a long time, of a custom, a way of life or a wayof doing things that has not changed for a long time ตามธรรมเนยม, ประเพณดงเดมตามทปฏบตกนมาtraditionally - of a custom, a way of life or a way of doing things that has not changed for along time ตามธรรมเนยม, ประเพณ ดงเดม ตามทปฏบตกนมาtraffic kiosk - a small struction, open at the front where police work next to a street ปอมตำารวจ
trafficker - someone in the business of buying and selling things illegally or of illegallytransporting people for work in other countries or areas ผลกลอบคาสนคาผดกฎหมายหรอลกลอบขายแรงงานผดกฎหมายtragedy - a very sad situation, usually because it involves death or great suffering, a very sadevent that causes people to suffer or die โศกนาฏกรรมtrail - long line or series of marks that is left by somebody/something รองรอยtrait - a characteristic that can produce a particular type of behavior ลกษณะพเศษtranscript - a written or printed copy of words that have been spoken บนทกtransfer - to move someone from one place to another, to official arrange for someone else to be the owner of something, to change someone’s job or responsibilities โยกยายตำาแหนง, โอน,ยาย
transgender - relating to transsexuals and transvestites (a person, especially a man, who enjoysdressing as a member of the opposite sex) คนขามเพศ, คนทแสดงออก หรอแตงกาย หรอผานการผาตดเพอเปลยนเปนเพศตรงขามtransit - the act of moving from one place to another การเดนทางผานtransmitted - sent สงtransparent - allowing you to see through it ทมองผานไดงาย
transport - to move people or things from one place to another ขนสงtransportation - the process of moving people or things from one place to another การขนสงtranssexual - a person who feels emotionally that they want to live, dress, etc. as a memberof the opposite sex ผมจตใจเหมอนเพศตรงขามtrap - to catch or keep something in a place and prevent it from escaping กบ, กบดกtrapped - to be in a dangerous or unpleasant situation from which it is difficult or impossibleto escape ถกกบดกtrauma - a serious injury การบาดเจบรนแรงtraumatised - very upset, afraid, or shocked because of a bad experience ไดรบความบอบชำาทางจตใจtreasure - to have or keep something that you love and that is extremely valuable to you,something very valuable ของมคา รกtreat - to behave in a particular way towards somebody/something, to provide medical careรกษา, ปฏบต(ตอ)treatment - the process of providing medical care การรกษาtremble - to shake กระเทอน, สน, สนสะเทอนtrespasser - someone who goes onto someone's land or enters their building withoutpermission ผบกรก, ผรกลำาtrial - the process of examining a case in a court of law and deciding whether someone has orhas not committed a crime, the process of examining a case in a court of law and decidingwhether someone is guilty (having committed a crime) or innocent (not having committed a
crime) การไตสวนคด, การพจารณาคดtrick - something that you do to make somebody believe something which is not true, or toannoy somebody as a joke การเลนตลกtricky - difficult to do or deal with ยากtrigger - to cause, the part of a gun that you press in order to fire it ไกปน กอใหเกด กระตนtrillion - the number 1,000,000,000,000; one million million ลานลานtrim - to make something neater, smaller, better, etc, by cutting parts from it ตดtrio - a group of three people กลมทประกอบดวย 3 คนtriumph - a great victory or success ชยชนะครงใหญtroops - soldiers, especially in large numbers กองทหาร
trophy - a large silver cup or similar object given as a prize to the winner of a competition ถวยรางวลtrot - to move forward at a speed that is faster than a walk, to run or walk fast, taking shortquick steps วงเหยาะๆtroupe - a group of actors, singers, etc. who work together คณะผแสดงtrust - to believe someone is honest, fair, and reliable เชอใจ, ไววางใจtruthfulness - giving the true facts about something ความซอสตย, ความจรงใจtugboat - a small powerful boat used for pulling larger boats, especially in ports เรอโยง, เรอลาก
turn - the time when somebody in a group of people should or is allowed to do somethingโอกาสturn out - to be discovered to be; to prove to be กลบกลายเปนturn up - to come somewhere มาถงturn yourself in - to give yourself up to the police ยอมจำานนturnout - the number of people who come to an event or take part in an activity, the numberor percentage of eligible voters who vote in an election จำานวนผออกมาลงคะแนน ผทเขารวมtwin - forming a pair (two) of two similar things เปนคกนtwisted - distorted บดเบอนtypical - happening in the usual way; showing what something is usually like ตามแบบฉบบ,ตามปกตtypically - usually; normally อยางเปนแบบฉบบ
UUDD - the group originally formed to demonstrate against the 2006 coup and which supportedthe Somchai Wongsawat government against the PAD and which led the fight against the Abhisit government. They are known for wearing red shirts แนวรวมประชาธปไตยตอตานเผดจการแหงชาตultimately - finally, after a series of things have happened ทายทสด, ตอนสดทาย, ในทสดumbrella - a thing that contains or includes many different parts or elementsunacceptable - that you cannot accept, allow or approve of ซงไมสามารถยอมรบไดunanimous - agreed by everyone เปนเอกฉนท
unblemished - not spoiled, damaged or marked in any way บรสทธ, สะอาดunconditional - without limits or requirements that something must be done อยางไมมเงอนไขundemocratic - against or not acting according to the principles of democracy ไมเปนประชาธปไตยundergo - to experience something which is unpleasant or which involves a change, toexperience เผชญกบ, ประสบ (เหตการณในดานลบ)undergrowth - a mass of bushes and plants that grow close together under trees in woods andforests พมตนไมเลกๆ ทามกลางตนไมใหญ
undermine - to make something or someone become gradually less effective or successful ทำาใหออนลง,ทำาลายทละนอย,ทำาลายอยางลบunderpaid - not paid enough for the work you do ไมไดรบเงนเพยงพอสำาหรบงานททำาundertaking - something difficult that you do ภาระกจunfavourable - not good and likely to cause problems or make something more difficult;showing that you do not approve of or like somebody/something ซงไมนาพอใจ, ซงไมเปนผลunfazed - not worried or surprised by something unexpected that happens ไมกงวลunflattering - making somebody/something seem worse or less attractive than they really areไมประจบสอพลอunfortunately - making you sad or disappointed, or getting you into a difficult position นาเสยดาย
uniform - the special set of clothes worn by all members of an organisation or a group at work, or by children at school เครองแบบunintentional - not deliberate or planned ไมตงใจunion - a marriage การสมรสUnion Jack - the name for the national flag of the United Kingdom ธงชาตขององกฤษunique - very special, unusual or good ทมลกษณะพเศษ เปนเอกลกษณUnited Front for Democracy Against Dictatorship - (UDD) the group originally formed todemonstrate against the 2006 coup and which supported the Somchai Wongsawat government against the PAD and which is now leading the fight against the current government. They are known for wearing red shirts แนวรวมประชาธปไตยตอตานเผดจการแหงชาตUnited Front for Democracy Against Dictatorship (U - the group originally formed todemonstrate against the 2006 coup and which supported the Somchai Wongsawat government against the PAD and which led the fight against the Abhisit government. They are known for wearing red shirts แนวรวมประชาธปไตยตอตานเผดจการแหงชาตUnited Front for Democracy Against Dictatorship (U - the group originally formed todemonstrate against the 2006 coup and which supported the Somchai Wongsawat government against the PAD and which led the fight against the Abhisit government. They are known for wearing red shirts แนวรวมประชาธปไตยตอตานเผดจการแหงชาตunity - a situation in which people, groups, or countries join together or agree about somethingความเปนเอกภาพ, ความเปนอนหนงอนเดยวกนunlikely - not expected to happen; probably won’t happen ทไมนาจะเกดขน
unprecedented - never having happened before ทไมเคยเกดขนมากอนunpreventable - not able to stop from happening ไมสามารถปองกนไดunrest - angry or violent behaviour by people who are protesting or fighting against somethingสถานการณทไมสงบunscathed - not harmed or damaged by something bad that has happened ไมไดเสยหาย, ไมไดรบบาดเจบ
unveil - to announce something that was not known before, to announce or show somethingofficially for the first time เปดเผย เปดเผยขอมลunwise - showing a lack of good judgment ไมฉลาด, โฉดเขลาup for grabs - available to be won มใหชงชยกนupbeat - happy and positive because you are confident that you will get what you want มความหวงupbringing - the way in which a child is cared for and taught how to behave while it is growingup การเลยงดอบรมสงสอนupcoming - happening soon ซงกำาลงจะเกดขนupcountry - areas outside of the Bangkok area; connected with an area of a country that is notnear large towns ตางจงหวด, ทอยในชนบท, ทอยหางไกลจากเมองupdate - to get or give the most recent information or news about something ใหขอมลใหมๆ ,ขอมลใหมๆuphold - to say that a decision by a lower court or a government agency is correct พพากษายน
ตามคำาตดสนหรอวนจฉยของศาลชนตนuproar - angry public criticism of something ความเอะอะ, ความวนวายuproot - to pull a whole tree or plant from the ground, including all the roots that grow in thesoil ถอนตนไม, ถอนรากupset - very sad, worried or angry about something, to cause to be very worried, angry or sadabout something, to change the usual or expected state or order of something, especially in away which stops it from happening or working ทำาใหไมปกต ทำาใหหงดหงด วตก กงวลupstream - along a river, in the opposite direction to which the river is flowing ตนนำาurge - to advise someone very strongly about what action or attitude they should take ผลกดน,กระตนurgently - needing to be dealt with immediately อยางเรงดวนUS Treasury Department - the US government department responsible for forming andrecommending economic, financial, tax, and money policies กรมคลงสหรฐusher in - to be at the start of a new period, especially when important changes or new thingshappen, or to cause important changes to start happening เรมตน, นำาเขามาutensil - something that you use for cooking or eating with เครองใชในครว,เครองใช
Vvaluable - having a high worth or importance มคาvalues - beliefs about what is right and wrong and what is important in life คานยม
variable - something that can change and affect the result of a situation ตวแปร, ซงเปลยนแปลงไดvariety - many different types of things or people ความหลากหลายvary - to be different in different situations ปรวนแปร, เปลยนแปลง
vast - extremely large in area, size, amount, etc. กวางใหญ, มหาศาลvehemently - showing very strong feelings, especially anger อยางรนแรง, อยางรมรอนvehicle - a car, bus, van, truck, etc., something that can be used to express your ideas orfeelings or as a way of achieving something เครองมอ ยานพาหนะvendor - someone who sells something, but not in a shop พอคาแมคาแผงลอยvengeance - the punishing of someone for harming you or your friends or family, or the wish for such punishment to happen การแกแคน, การลางแคนventure - a new activity, usually in business, which involves risk or uncertainty ธรกจเสยงแตสามารถทำากำาไรไดverdict - a decision by a court of law คำาพพากษาverify - to prove that something is true, or to make certain that something is correct พสจนวาเปนความจรงvessel - a boat or ship เรอvest - a sleeve-less covering for the top part of your body
veteran - a person who has been a soldier, sailor, etc. in a war, a person who has a lot ofexperience in a particular area or activity, – a person who has a lot of experience in a particular area or activity (สส.)หนาเกา, (สส.) หลายสมย, ผอาวโส ทหารผานศกveterinary - relating to the care of animals that are ill or injured เกยวกบสตวแพทยศาสตรveto - to officially refuse to approve or allow something ยบยง, ปฏเสธ, ไมยอมรบ, ไมเหนดวยvia - through ผาน (ชองทาง)vibration - a very small shaking movement that is fast and continuousvicinity - an area near a particular place บรเวณใกลเคยงvictim - someone who has been affected by a bad situation, such as an illness or an accidentเหยอผเคราะหรายvictims - people who are killed injured or harmed in some way from an accident, naturaldisaster, crime, etc. เหยอผเคราะหรายvictory - a win in a competition ชยชนะview - a personal opinion, belief, or attitude about a particular situation or subject ความคดเหนviolate - to do something that is against a law, agreement, principle, etc. ละเมดกฎหมาย ฝาฝนละเมดviolation - an action that is against a law, agreement, principle, etc. การฝาฝนกฎหมายviolence - physical force with the deliberate intention of causing damage to property or injuryor death to people ความรนแรงviolently - with great energy or strong movement, very strongly or severely อยางรนแรงvisibility - how clearly objects can be seen, or how far you can see clearly, usually because of
vision - the ability to imagine how a country, society, industry, etc. could develop in the futureand to plan in a suitable way วสยทศนvital - extremely important; necessary for the success or continued existence of somethingจำาเปนสำาหรบชวต; สำาคญมากvocal - telling people your opinions or protesting about something loudly and with confidenceเฉยบขาดvocal cords - the thin strips of tissue in the throat that are moved by the flow of air toproduce the voice เสนเสยงvocational school - a school that focuses on providing the skills necessary for particular jobsสถานศกษาวชาชพ โรงเรยนอาชวศกษาvolatile - changing quickly and unpredictably, so that the public does not know how to reactand plan for the future เปลยนแปลงอยางทนททนใดและโดยคาดการณไมไดvolume - an amount of something ปรมาณvoluntarily - done because you choose to do it rather than because you have to ดวยความสมครใจvolunteer - someone who is not paid for the work that they do อาสาสมครvote-rich - having many people who can votevow - a serious promise, to make a formal and serious promise to do something สาบาน, ปฏญาณvoyage - a long journey การเดนทางอนยาวไกล
vulnerable - easily damaged or harmed ซงถกทำาลายไดงายvying (from the verb vie) - competing strongly with someone ลงแขงขน, ลงชง
Wwade - to walk with an effort through something, especially water or mud ลย เดนทองนำา หรอโคลนwail - to cry with long high-pitched sounds รองไหครำาครวญwaist - the middle part of the body that is narrower than the parts above and below เอวwane - to become gradually weaker or less important ลดลงเรอยwannabe - a person who wants to be famous or successful like someone else they admire คนทปรารถนาจะเปนแบบผอนward off - to prevent something unpleasant from harming or coming close to you ขจด, ปองกนwarren - a place that is very difficult to find your way around because there are so many waysin which you could go สถานทแออดwarrior - a soldier or fighter, especially in the past นกรบในสงครามwater-borne disease/infection - a disease/infection carried by water การตดเชอจากนำาwatergate - (floodgate) – a gate that controls a flow of water in a river or lake ประตนำา
watergate (floodgate) - a gate that controls a flow of water in a river or lake ประตนำา
waterlogged - extremely wet; full of water ซงเตมไปดวยนำา , ซงเปยกโชกwealthy - having a large amount of money, land, and other valuable things ทมงคง รำารวยweapon - an object such as a knife, gun, bomb, etc. that is used for fighting or attackingsomebody อาวธwedding ceremony - a wedding service, usually religious, in which two people are officiallymarried พธแตงงานwedding service (ceremony) - a wedding ceremony, usually religious, in which two people areofficially married พธแตงงานweight - importance ความสำาคญweir - a place in a river or stream where a wall has been built across it to control the flow ofwater เขอนเลกๆwelcome - to be pleased to receive or accept something รบดวยความยนดwelfare - help given, especially by the state or an organization, to people who need it; goodcare and living conditions สวสดภาพwell-being - the satisfactory state that someone or something should be in, that involves suchthings as being happy, healthy, and safe, and having enough money ภาวะทปราศจากโรคภยไขเจบwell-heeled - rich; having a lot of money รำารวยwept (past of weep) - cried because of being unhappy or having some other strong emotionรองไหwhen the dust settles - when a situation becomes clear or certain; when a situation calmsdown สงบลง
whirlpool - a place in a river or the sea where currents of water spin round very fast นำาวนwhisk off - to move someone or something very quickly – พาออกไปอยางรวดเรวwhistle - to make a high sound ทำาใหเกดเสยงหวดหววwidespread - happening or existing in many places, or affecting many people อยางแพรหลายwildlife - animals, birds, insects, etc. that are wild and live in a natural environment สตวปาwind - to have many bends, curves or twists หมน,มวนwipe out - to get rid of something completely กำาจดใหหมดไปwithdraw - to stop taking part in something, to take away, to take money out of a bankaccount ถอนตว, ถอน, ถอนเงนจากธนาคารwithdrawal - to act of taking away, the act of no longer being involved in something การถอนตว,การถอนwithstand - to be strong enough not to be hurt or damaged by extreme force, extremeconditions, etc. ทนทานwitness - someone who tells a court or investigators what they know about a crime, a personwho sees something happen, to see something happen มองเหน, เปนพยาน ผทเหนเหตการณ พยานwonderful - very good, pleasant or enjoyable ดเยยม
work against the clock - to work very quickly because something must be done in a hurrywork around the clock - to work without stopping throughout the whole day and nightworkshop - a period of discussion and practical work on a particular subject, in which a group
of people share their knowledge and experience การประชมเชงปฏบตการWorld Heritage site - a place, building, structure, etc. that has been determined by the UN tobe of great historical or culture value and is given a special protected status โบราณสถานทเปนมรดกโลกworshipper - someone who is showing love and respect for God, especially during a religiousceremony or prayer ผนบถอ,ผสกการบชา, ผสวดมนตรworthy - deserving; having qualities that cause respect สมควร, นายกยองwound - an injury in which your skin or flesh is damaged บาดแผลwrap up - to finish ทำาใหเสรจสนwreak havoc - to create great disorder and confusion ทำาลายwreath - a circle of flowers or leaves that you put on a grave to show that you areremembering the dead person พวงหรดwreckage - the parts of a vehicle or building that remain after it has been severely damagedซากตกบานเรอนทถกทำาลายwrecked - damaged or destroyed ถกทำาลายwrite me up - to write a traffic ticket requiring a person to pay money at a police station forviolating the law
Yyell - to say something in a loud voice, or to make a loud noise because you are angry, afraid,excited, or in pain ตะโกน,รองyield - an amount of something produced ผลผลตyoungster - a young person or a child คนหนมคนสาว, เดก
Zzodiac - an area of the sky through which the sun, moon and most of the planets appear tomove, divided into twelve equal parts, each with a name and symbol, and each connected with an exact time of year จกรราศzone - an area that has an important or typical feature; an area where a particular activity isallowed or not allowed พนท, บรเวณ, เขต
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