Knowledge Connections

Definition

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TermVocabulary Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan

Essential Question

Why did the US want to rebuild Germany?

Why was communism a problem?

Stalin refused to pull his troops out of Eastern European nations

Stalin feared the rise of anti-communist governments near the Soviet Union

A country controlled by a more powerful nation

He turned these nations into SATELLITE NATIONS

How did the US feel about this?

The United States believed that communism needed to be contained, or held back

CONTAINMENT became

President Truman’s policy

I promise to stop the spread of communism

worldwide

His promise became known as the TRUMAN DOCTRINE

What is the Marshall Plan?

June 1947 – Secretary of State George Marshall suggests sending money to Western European countries

13 billion dollars was sent to the region – this policy of rebuilding Europe became known as the

MARSHALL PLAN

Marshall believed that poverty would help to stop the spread of communism and aid would help war-torn nations

recover economically

What about Germany?

After World War II, Germany was divided into four occupation zones

The capital city of Berlin was also divided into four occupation zones

What was the goal?

President Truman wanted to reunite Germany and set up democracy… Stalin was very much against

a strong Germany…A strong Germany might once again attack the Soviet

Union

Germany had attacked the Soviet Union in World War I and II

Stalin refused to remove his troops from East Germany

What about West Germany?

June 1948 – US, Britain, and France combined their zones in West Germany and West Berlin

They pledged to create a democracy in West Germany

However, the city of Berlin was in the Soviet zone…. this created a problem…

What did the Soviets do?Soviets closed all routes into Berlin…

No supplies were able to be sent to the German people who needed them…

President Truman refused to back down

Stalin hoped that by starving the German people, the Americans, British, and French would give up their plan

What did Truman do?

Truman organized the BERLIN AIRLIFT

For a year, cargo plans filled with supplies kept the people of West Berlin alive…

…in the end, the Soviets gave up the blockade…

Was Germany reunited?

Germany remained divided

West GermanyDemocratic

East GermanyCommunist

Stalin died in 1953, NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV became the new leader of the Soviet Union

What type of leader was Khrushchev?

1961 – Khrushchev ordered a wall built in Berlin to separate Communist East Berlin from the rest of the city

Guards shot anyone trying to escape the Eastern part of the city

The BERLIN WALL stood for nearly 30 years – it was the most recognizable symbol of the Cold War

Essential Question

Why did the US want to rebuild Germany?

REBUILDINGEUROPE

POTENTIAL POSITIVE EFFECTS