KOC.EV.003 – EIA Procedure, Appendix-B: Guide to EIA Reporting Page 1 of 21 Rev. 21 Dec. 2010 GUIDE TO EIA REPORTING Appendix B Health and Environment Team HSE Group December 2010 Project Concept (1) Feasibility (2) Design & Engineering (3) Monitoring & Evaluation (5) Site selection, Environmental screening, EIA Scoping Identification and Assessment of significant impacts, Identification of mitigation and control needs, Input to decision analysis. Implementation (4) Detailed design of mitigation measures Implementation of mitigation & monitoring measures and environmental Monitoring and post-auditing, lessons for future projects
Transcript
KOC.EV.003 – EIA Procedure, Appendix-B: Guide to EIA Reporting Page 1 of 21
Rev. 21 Dec. 2010
GUIDE TO EIA REPORTING Appendix B
Health and Environment Team HSE Group
December 2010
Project Concept
(1)
Feasibility
(2)
Design & Engineering
(3)
Monitoring &
Evaluation
(5)
Site selection,
Environmental screening,
EIA Scoping
Identification and Assessment of
significant impacts, Identification of
mitigation and control needs, Input to
decision analysis.
Implementation
(4)
Detailed
design of
mitigation
measures
Implementation of
mitigation &
monitoring measures
and environmental
strategy
Monitoring and
post-auditing,
lessons for future
projects
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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Guidelines
INTRODUCTION ABOUT EIA
EIA is an important part of project planning process used to help ensure that
environmental matters are taken into account early in the project planning process,
along with the more traditional technical and economic considerations. The EIA
process identifies, predicts, interprets and communicates information about impacts
of a proposed project on the biophysical environment (air, water, land, plants and
animals) as well as on the social and economic environment of the people to be
affected. It seeks ways to maximize the societal benefits of a project, and avoid or
reduce detrimental impacts. The study therefore requires a multi-disciplinary
approach. It should be done very early at the feasibility stage of a project. In other
words a project should be assessed for its environmental feasibility.
The EIA considers and compares various alternatives by which the project could be
realized and seeks to identify the one which represents the best combination of
economic and environmental costs and benefits. Alternatives include location as well
as design considerations, process technology and construction methods.
The EIA is based on past records, scientific methods and predictions. It attempts to
predict the changes in environmental quality which would result from the proposed
project/action. The EIA attempts to weigh environmental effects either beneficial or
adverse on a common basis with economic costs and benefits and finally it is a
decision-making tool. Any EIA study should examine the environmental
consequences, both beneficial and adverse, of a proposed development project and
to ensure that these effects are taken into account in project design. EIA should be
viewed as an integral part of the project planning process. The main advantages and
benefits of EIA are:
Reduced environmental damage (mitigation measures planned and implemented in
time to minimize adverse impacts on the environment)
Lower project costs in the long-term (fewer costly changes or add-ons at advanced
stages of the project; lower probability of environmental disasters, legal concerns
and/or environmental liabilities)
Increased project acceptance by the key stakeholders
Improved project design and siting
More informed and environmentally sensitive decision-making
Increased accountability and transparency during the development process
Improved integration of projects into their environmental and social setting
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This Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) guideline is provided to establish
minimum documentation requirements for all EIAs in compliance with HSE MS
Procedure on Environment Impact Assessment & Screening Checklist (KOC.EV.003).
This guideline includes a template for EIA Reports and describes EIA process. In
presenting a clear and comprehensive statement of the components which need to
be included in an EIA report, the guidelines will not only assist controlling teams and
EIA consultants prepare better quality EIA reports but will also ensure that sufficient
information is available for a proper assessment and for good decision making.
However these guidelines are by no means exhaustive or limited and are subject to
continuous updating in light of improvement in knowledge and understanding of
such development. The objectives of these guidelines are namely:-
EIA PROCESS
Once the decision is taken that an EIA is required, the study to be conducted usually
involves the following steps:
1. Preliminary activities including defining the scope of EIA or setting terms of
reference for the EIA, selecting consultant to conduct the EIA: Controlling Team
of the project or Controlling Team of EIA Consultancy Contract. If needed
Asset/Directorate/Corporate HSE assistance would be sought by Controlling
Team to set the Scope of EIA with the Consultant.
2. Conduct of EIA : Consultant
3. Consultant to submit the Draft Initial EIA Report to Controlling Team.
4. Controlling team to circulate the Draft Initial EIA Report to Concerned Asset/Dir
HSE Team and Corporate H&E Team (as needed) for review
5. Controlling team to compile the comments and forward to EIA Consultant
6. Consultant to incorporate the forwarded comments and submit a Revised Initial
EIA Report by the Consultant
7. Submit revised version of the Initial EIA report to KEPA by Controlling Team
8. The process shall be repeated for Final EIA Report
9. The steps (2-7) shall be repeated for Final EIA Report
To assist in the preparation of reports that are comprehensive in their content
To assist in review of the reports
To avoid time delays
To ensure environmental issues receive due consideration they deserve
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10. To obtain an Environmental Clearance from KEPA for the proposed project by
Controlling Team
It is the responsibility of the Consultant to resolve the comments of KOC teams to
their satisfaction. Only after the endorsement of the EIA report from the HSE teams
of KOC, the report shall be submitted to KEPA for Environment Clearance.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) REPORT FORMAT
The EIA report should contain a brief introduction explaining the need for and context of the project. This document should have the following content, unless specified otherwise in the Terms of Reference:
Executive or Non Technical Summary Description of the Proposed Project in detail Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework Environmental Baseline Survey Identification and Analysis of Alternatives Project environmental Impacts including Socio-economic (phase-wise &
cumulative) Significant environmental impacts Mitigation Action/Mitigation Management Plan Mitigation measures proposed to avoid, reduce or compensate for project
impacts Environmental Monitoring, Training and Management Program
An Environmental Impact Assessment report shall, at a minimum, include complete
information on the following topics:
Title Page: This should contain details of
The full Title under which the EIA has been prepared
Location of project
The project proponent name (KOC Controlling team)
Consultancy Firm Name & Address
Duration of the Study (EIA study award month to Report submission month)
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Index Page
S.No Title Page No.
EXECUTIVE or NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY
Abbreviation List
Definitions
1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
1.1 Background of Company’s operations & facilities
1.2 Introduction & purpose of the project
1.3 Location of the proposed project (including maps and GIS attributes)
1.4 Proposed Construction activities
1.5 Green Features of the Project
1.6 Project Implementation Schedule
2 OVERVIEW OF EIA
2.1 Terms of Reference of Project & EIA study (Salient Features)
2.2 Study Area
2.3 Objective of EIA
2.4 Approach and Methodology
2.4.1 Data collection
2.4.2 Modeling
2.4.3 Sampling and Analysis
2.4.4 Impacts Assessment Criteria
2.4.5 Estimations of Quantities (Waste, Emissions, effluent etc..)
3 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
3.1 Relevant & Applicable Regulations in State of Kuwait (KEPA, Ministry of Oil etc..)
3.1.2 Applicable Environmental Standards for Noise, Heat Stress, Occupational exposure to Chemical substances, Vibrations, Solid and Hazardous Waste, Air emissions (ambient & point), Effluent, Soil and Biodiversity.
3.2 KOC HSE MS Frame Work
3.2.1 HSE MS Policy, Vision & Mission
3.2.2 Salient features of EIA Procedure
3.2.3 Applicable HSE MS Procedures
4 ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS & JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PROPOSED SCHEME
4.1 Alternatives Considered
4.2 No Action Alternative
4.3 Alternatives Comparison (Comparative Matrix)
4.4 Preferred alternative (Justification)
5 PROJECT RESOURCE ESTIMATION
5.1 Manpower at various stages
Infrastructure in terms of Site office, Storage, Transportation,
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Fire & Safety measures
5.2 Equipment (Mobile & Stationery)
5.3 Water & Energy requirements
5.4 Waste & Effluent Disposal facilities
6 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE SURVEY (Existing Environmental Setting or Baseline Information including Historical Data)
6.1 Natural Environment
6.1.1 Terrestrial
6.1.1.1 Geomorphology
6.1.1.2 Soil
6.1.1.3 Geology
6.1.1.4 Seismology
6.1.2 Aquatic
6.1.2.1 Water Quality (Surface & Ground)
6.1.2.2 Sea Water
6.1.2.3 Hydrology
6.1.3 Atmospheric
6.1.3.1 Meteorology
6.1.3.2 Air
6.1.3.3 Noise
6.1.4 Biological
6.1.4.1 Animal/Plant
6.1.4.2 Habitat/Rare species
6.1.4.3 Aquatic life
6.2 Socio-Economic Environment
6.2.1 Human
6.2.1.1 History & Economic base
6.2.1.2 Demography and Population
6.2.1.3 Unique Features
6.2.1.4 Occupational health
6.2.1.5 Employment/Workforce
6.2.2 Infrastructure
6.2.2.1 Land use
6.2.2.2 Water
6.2.2.3 Transport
6.2.2.4 Electricity
6.2.2.5 Drainage/Flood Control
6.2.2.6 Agricultural activities
6.2.2.7 Industry/Tourism
6.2.2.8 Services
7 PROJECT IMPACTS (Preferred Alternative)
7.1 Positive Aspects of the Project
7.2 Activity Impacts on Natural Environment
7.2.1 Design & Engineering Phase
7.2.2 Construction phase
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7.2.3 Commissioning phase
7.2.4 Operational phase
7.2.5 De-commissioning phase
7.3 Social/Cultural Impacts
7.3.1 Human Impacts (Employment, Economy, Unique features & Occupational health)
12 CONSULTING TEAM DETAILS (Brief Resumes – Not Exceeding a 1 page per individual)
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EXECUTIVE or NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY
A non-technical summary not exceeding 10 pages must summarize all the data and
point out important environment impacts that may occur by the project, suggestion
for preventive and remedial measures and environmental monitoring system. The
related data presented must be precise and should be understood quickly. Language
used in EIA Executive Summary report must be precise and easily understandable.
The summary to consist of:
Type and size of the project, including associated activities
Project site with appropriated maps of the project site and surrounding area,
showing place and object which may be affected by the project
Showing main impact/pollution from the project, affecting bio-physical
environment and natural resource during its construction and operation
Socio-economic-cultural impacts
Mitigation measures to prevent or to reduce major impact to the environment
Monitoring program.
Conclusion
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Describe project in a way that the project can be understood and visualized, thus
helping to understand the impact to the environment by the project. The report
must address following points.
Background of Company’s Operations & Facilities
Introduction and Purpose of the project should include Type, size & capacity of
project and justification for the proposed project and reason.
Location of the Project: Description and reason for site selection followed by
Project site identification on a map and photographs of project site, adjacent
land uses and surrounding areas including any important environmental features
etc..
Detail information of process or activities of the project, raw material, energy &
infrastructure requirement, number of workers, and other detail associated with
the project construction and operating plan so that the operation of the project
should be clearly understood
Details of the green features incorporated in the project to highlight the
contribution to sustainable development.
Project implementation schedule depicting the key milestones completion time
frames
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OVERVIEW OF EIA
To outline the Scope of Project as wells of Scope of EIA study to understand the
Project activities & EIA preparation as per the Terms of Reference.
The study area should include all lands subject to direct disturbance from the Project
and associated infrastructure, including access and utility corridors and assess
impacts on bio-physical environment as well as socio-economic-cultural impacts. For
the Project Area, provide:
a map that identifies the locations of all proposed development activities; and
a map showing the area proposed to be disturbed in relation to existing
topographic features.
Study Areas for the EIA report include the Project Area and other areas based on
individual environmental components where an effect from the proposed
development can reasonably be expected.
The basic guiding principles & objectives of the EIA are to be listed
The approach to the EIA should consist of compilation of existing data, field survey
for collection of new data, sample collection & analysis, interpretation of data,
prediction of impacts through modeling, impacts assessment through acceptance
criteria and Theory, Equations and Formulas being used for quantity estimations.
The methodology should describe the justification for primary data collection,
monitoring protocols especially for sampling & analysis, modeling approval status,
brief QA/QC, Assessment Criteria features, Theory & Formulas acceptance.
EIA evaluation should follow the methodology given in KOC’s HSE MS Procedure on
‘Environmental Aspects Identification and Assessment Procedure (KOC.EV.001)’. This
Evaluation will be carried out on a risk basis, taking into consideration both the
potential impact of the incident and its likelihood. Based on which, each aspect will
be assigned a significance ranking of High, Medium, or Low based on relative risk
with, but not limited to, following questions in mind. The following need to be
considered for the evaluation:
Will there be a large change in environmental conditions? Will new features be out-of-scale with the existing environment? Will the effect be unusual in the area or particularly complex? Will the effect extend over a large area? Will many people be affected?
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Will many receptors of other types (fauna and flora, businesses, facilities) be affected?
Will valuable or scarce features or resources be affected? Is there a risk that environmental standards will be breached? Is there a risk that protected sites, areas, and features will be affected? Is there a high probability of the effect occurring? Will the effect continue for a long time? Will the effect be permanent rather than temporary? Will the impact be continuous rather than intermittent? If it is intermittent will it be frequent rather than rare? Will the impact be irreversible? Will it be difficult to avoid, or reduce or repair or compensate for the effect?
Controlling Team acceptance should be sought if any other methodology other than
the described methodology in KOC.EV.001 is intended to be used.
REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
This section of the EIA Report should describe regulations and standards formulated
in the State of Kuwait that are relevant to the proposed project.
Discuss the EIA regulation from Kuwait Environment Public Authority followed by
applicable environmental standards for Noise, Heat Stress, Occupational exposure to
Chemical substances, Vibrations, Solid and Hazardous Waste, Air emissions (ambient
& point), Effluent, Soil and Biodiversity. Also to discuss other Kuwait Ministry
decrees pertain to EIA, influence on EIA outcome (e.g. land zoning, sensitive areas),
and Environment Management applicable to Oil & Gas Sector. Where applicable,
reference should be made to relevant international treaties, conventions, and/or
other agreements to which The State of Kuwait is a Signatory.
Company’s procedures that play a role in the project should be explained in addition
to its policy, vision & mission. HSE MS procedures which are developed and
implemented throughout the organization address environmental, health, safety,
technical integrity and operational risks in accordance with appropriate
requirements and play a key role in mitigation of impacts.
In the absence of any regulatory framework In Kuwait or relevant Company’s
procedure for any particular impact, Consultants may propose suitable regulatory
framework from developed countries or from best practices followed by
internationally reputed Oil Majors.
The report must mention the stipulations of HSE MS Procedure on ‘EIA Procedure &
Screening Checklist (KOC.EV.003)’.
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ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE SURVEY (EBS)
EBS is a description of the environmental setting i.e. record of conditions prior to
implementation of the proposed project. The description of the environmental
setting sets forth in detail the characteristics of the area in which the proposed
action would occur. The description should be of the study area, which is a defined
area within which all effects, impacts, features and potential compensation efforts
would occur from a proposed action. The report must show results of the
environmental study in its present state, its value to human life quality and natural
environment. This description should also provide baseline data with which
environmental impacts can be predicted, and against which the predicted impacts of
the proposed action can be compared. EBS is carried out to:
Identify environmental conditions which might influence project design decisions
(e.g., site layout, structural or operational characteristics);
Identify sensitive issues or areas requiring mitigation or compensation;
Provide input data to analytical models used for predicting effects;
Provide baseline data against which the results of future monitoring programs
can be compared.
The approach commonly adopted in treating this aspect of EIA is the subdivision of
the environmental setting into a logical and hierarchical set of categories.
Baseline environmental information is assembled through the collection and analysis
of existing data and/or by carrying out specific field studies. Where existing
information cannot adequately characterize the existing environment, a program of
field studies will generally be required to fill in the data gaps and/or provide more
timely or focused information. Site specific data requirements through primary
monitoring for air, noise and soil are given in Annexure – I.
The field study planning process should set the spatial and temporal boundaries for subsequent studies. The spatial boundary should define the study area within which an effect is likely to be detectable. For new Gathering Center developments, natural environment concerns, like produced water quality and underground injection, will generally be limited to within the fenced areas of KOC, while socio-economic concerns, like migration of workers and infrastructure impacts, may spill over beyond the KOC boundaries into adjacent areas/ecosystems. It is important that the full range of potential on-site and off-site effects be identified and assessed. The temporal boundary may define whether an effect will occur daily, seasonally, or after several years.
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EBS should report following environmental conditions given in Table below.
Elements Description 1. Natural Environment
1.1 Terrestrial
Geomorphology Topography, Elevation, Unique physical feature e.g. island, cliff, etc.
Soil Profile of soil type and extent of each, sedimentation, erosion physical and chemical characteristics
Geology General description of geology of the site
Seismology Seismicity, Type and quantity of resources, in the project site and surrounding area
1.2 Aquatic
Water Quality (Surface & Ground)
Water source, quantity, quality and flow rate. Local monitoring data
Sea water Oceanographic characteristic, Water quality and current, Water stratification
Hydrology Quantity, Direction, Timings of Water flows, recharge rates, sustainable safe yields
1.3 Atmospheric
Meteorology Climatic characteristic (rainfall, intensity, temp.), Incidence of inversions, fog and storms, Wind direction and Speed.
Air Regional Air Quality and trends, data from local monitoring, reported exceedance of standards
Noise Existing sound levels by local monitoring and sources
1.4 Biological
Animal/plant Species including wild life, number, distribution, Ecology, Habitat and migration and records of endangered animal species.
Spatial arrangement of vegetative community types, vegetative species-abundance lists, records of endangered plant species,
Habitat/Rare species
Species, number and its importance
Aquatic life Nature of aquatic habitats, Species abundance listing, fisheries & importance
2. Socio-Economic Environment
2.1 Human
History & Economic base
Region history, Community structure, family structures, social well being, Economy dependence & growth.
Demography and Population
Information on population (composition, income, language, religion)
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Unique Features Structures or sites that are of historical, cultural heritage, archaeological, paleontological, or architectural significance.
Occupational health
Occupational disease, work related accident health risk
Employment/Work force
Employment rate, Type of employment (Govt/Private), Distribution of work force (Executive & Labor)
2.2 Infrastructure
Land use Existing land use & plans, Zoning
Water Sources, quantity, quality and adequacy
Transport Roads, Harbors, Airport & Navigation
Electricity Sources, kind, type, adequacy
Drainage / Flood control
System and efficiency
Agriculture activities
Agriculture development/promotion, Agriculture, Irrigation system
Industry/Tourism Type of industry, Tourism and their Development
Services Nature of status of services such as parks, gardens, police and fire protection, hospitals and schools.
ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS & JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PROPOSED SCHEME
Alternatives are different means of meeting the general purpose and need of a
proposed action, project or program. All the alternatives taken into account in
developing the project should be documented. The no-action alternative is the
option of not engaging in the proposed action or other action alternatives and
provides the baseline against which the impacts of action alternatives are compared.
The identification, description, evaluation and comparison of alternative ways to
meet the basis purpose and need of a proposed action are crucial to the objectivity
of EIA process. The thorough description of alternatives in an EIA process facilitates
their side-by-side comparison in terms of their technical, environmental and
economic risks and benefits. Even the legal & institutional constrains could be
compared. The alternatives analysis should discuss alternatives to a specific action,
such as, but not limited to, not proceeding with the action,, carrying out the action in
different location or facility, or implementing a non-structural solution. In a proposal
to identify a site for Gathering Center, for example, the alternative analysis might
identify several locations or sites on which the Gathering Center could be
constructed and operated. Certain types of projects might require discussing only
alternatives within an action such as using different materials or design or changing
the layout (orientation) slightly within the project boundaries. For example, projects
like coating application for pipeline shall require alternatives analysis to discuss on
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different materials within the project (action).
The alternatives considered should include the ‘no-action’ alternative, the option of
not carrying out any of the action alternatives. The no-action alternative represents
an objective baseline against which other alternatives can be measured and may, in
the final analysis, be the alternative that is preferred.
If the option proposed is not the best one from an environmental perspective, then
due justification must be presented vis-à-vis the best option.
PROJECT IMPACTS
An environmental impact is defined as a reaction to a change in the environment as
a result of a project action. The "technical heart" of the EIA process involves the
prediction of changes over time in various environmental aspects as a result of a
proposed project. The prediction of the nature, extent, and magnitude of
environmental changes likely to result from a proposed project is aided by various
tools and techniques. However, the choice of the appropriate method for aspect
evaluation should be as outlined in the KOC’s HSE MS procedure on ‘Environmental
Aspects Identification and Assessment (KOC.EV.001)’. The key information in terms
of the project aspects identification, evaluation of identified aspects using Hazard
Severity Scoring criteria, Likelihood of Occurrence & to arrive at Significant
Environmental Aspects are given in KOC.EV.001 procedure.
Distinction is often made between permanent, temporary, direct and indirect
impacts and normally all types of effects are addressed in an EIA study. Aspect &
Impact identification is a critical step in an EIA. The process usually consists of
following stages.
Define Activities and/or Areas
Aspects Identification
List out impact for each identified Aspects: Impacts could be Human health, Land
Contamination, Ground Water Pollution, Visual Nuisance, Marine Pollution,
Aspects evaluation: Evaluation will be carried out on a risk basis, taking into
consideration both the severity of the aspect and its likelihood occurrence. From
this, each aspect will be assigned a significance ranking of High, Medium, or Low
based on relative risk, as outlined in Environmental Aspect Relative Risk and
Significance Matrix given in the Procedure (KOC.EV.001).
Determination of Environmental Aspects Significance
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Environmental aspects with a relative risk of High or Medium will be designated
Significant Environmental Aspects. The significance ranking should be used as guide
to identify the mitigation measures required to address the risk presented by an
aspect. An aspect/impact with a significance rating of High will normally require a
mitigation program of action in order to reduce its significance. An aspect with
significance rating of Medium requires mitigation measure in the form of operation
control in order to maintain or lower this level of significance. Mitigation
actions/controls are not normally specified for aspects with a significance rating of
low. It is important to note that an aspect does not lose significance because the risk
has been reduced due to formulation of mitigation measures. It is the function of the
Process Owner to ensure that the controls remain effective to maintain an
acceptable level of risk.
Both positive and negative aspects/impacts resulting from the project should be
identified and assessed. Examples of negative impacts are potential pollutants
discharged that have an adverse effect on land or visual/odor nuisance etc,.. Positive
impacts include creation of jobs, decrease public health risks, upgrading of physical
infrastructure, training of workers and so on. Identification of key impacts can be
achieved by using one or all of the following methods:
Compile a list of important impacts from analysis of previous projects of a similar nature in a similar environmental setting;
Use checklists, networks, matrices or map overlays to match sources of project impact with potential receptors;
Use hypotheses of effects to map out linkages and potential impacts on the environment
Broad impacts associated with oil & gas industry allied projects include deterioration of: Air quality Water quality and use Land use Resource use (fuels and other resources) Terrestrial ecosystems Aquatic ecosystems Social systems/Employment Human health Recreational The level of severity for each of the above parameters will change with the type of project utilized and location of the project. For most of the projects in Oil and Gas industry, typical sources of environmental impacts include:
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Atmospheric emissions Facility Construction Water discharges Land displacement Waste production and management Access roads, transportation and equipment Energy consumption and supply The cumulative effects of placing a facility in a given environment should also be
considered as part of effects prediction. It should look at any cumulative effects that
are likely to result from the project in combination with other projects or activities
that have been or will be carried out in the foreseeable future. Examples of
cumulative environmental effects include global warming caused by the build-up of
greenhouse gases in the upper atmosphere, and loss of biodiversity.
Environmental effects are often seen as isolated or separate from one another. In
reality, however, they interact over time and space. Therefore, to address
cumulative environmental effects requires analysis “cumulatively”, taking into
account of:
Time and geographic boundaries; Interactions between the project’s environmental effects; Interactions between the project’s environmental effects and those of other
Projects and activities It is critical to consider environmental effects during project construction,
commissioning and operation for each project alternative. Focus should not be
limited to any one phase of the project and must consider each phase.
It is important that the temporal and spatial extent of effects be carefully considered
in predicting impacts. A project construction and operation can have local, regional
and global effects. For example, a new pipeline project meant to supply gas to a
nearby power generating station will have relatively short-term, localized impacts
during construction, while the operation of the power station can contribute to
global climate change.
Quantification/Estimation of Impacts: Having identified the key parameters requiring
assessment, a variety of analytical techniques can be used to predict potential
environmental impacts. Predict often follows an impact within a single
environmental parameters (e.g. toxic effluent) into its subsequent effects on many
other parameters (e.g. reduced water quality, adverse impacts on fisheries,
economic effects on fishing and resulting socio-cultural changes). A number of
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methods which are commonly used in estimating/quantifying environmental effects
include:
Mathematical calculations using approved equations & methods. Pre-project estimations (e.g. Hydrotest water quantity); Hypotheses testing (Trial and Error); Mathematical modeling (e.g. air dispersion, hydrology and hydrodynamics, water
quality, groundwater quality, Erosion and sedimentation, biotic habitat, oil spills and risk analysis)
Physical modeling (e.g. hydraulic models); Computer simulation (useful in assessing visual impacts of a project); Constraint mapping (useful for predicting impacts related to land or resource use
displacement, particularly siting and routing). Sophistication of the prediction method should be properly matched with the scope
of the EIA. For example, a mathematical model of atmospheric dispersion should not
be used if only small amounts of relatively harmless pollutants are expected to be
emitted in projects like installation of new pipelines. All prediction techniques
involve some degree of uncertainty. It is important to recognize this uncertainty, and
state probabilities and margins of error involved in predicting the likely impact of a
proposed project.
At minimum, the report must provide the quantified figures data of waste
generation (Hazardous/Non-Hazardous), Wastewater and Air emissions.
MITIGATION
Once the impacts have been analyzed and their significance is determined, i.e.,
whether they are acceptable, require mitigation, or are unacceptable. Subsequently,
measures will be devised to mitigate anticipated environmental changes and
consequential impacts during project implementation and operation, or further
reduce the residual environmental changes inherent in the selected project design.
They normally include technical, social, and organizational measures to be
implemented as integral elements of the project.
Mitigation is the purposeful implementation of decisions or activities that are
designed to reduce the undesirable impacts of proposed action on the affected
environment. Mitigation is a general concept that could include: 1) avoiding impacts
altogether by not taking a particular action, 2) minimizing impacts by limiting the
magnitude of the action, 3) restoring or repairing particular features of the affected
environment, 4) reducing impacts over time e.g. by performing maintenance
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activities during the life of the action and 5) compensating for impacts by providing
additions to or substitutes for the environment affected by the action.
Note that these categories of the mitigation approaches are arranged in hierarchical
order of their desirability. In other words, it is more desirable to avoid impacts than
to have to restore the environment, or provide compensation for impacts.
Undesirable environmental impacts that are identified early in the EIA process can
be avoided or minimized by meaningful modifications in the design of the proposed
action.
For each potential adverse impact the plan for its mitigation at each stage of the
project should be documented. It is essential that these programs of mitigation be
adequately assessed and be fully documented. This is very important in the selection
of the preferred alternative. In the case of beneficial impacts it should be
demonstrated how these can be maximised.
The mitigation measures shall provide, inter alia, information on the following:
Technical and Operational Measures
o Waste reduction.
o Pollution control and treatment.
o Pollution containment.
o Mine spoil management.
o Runoff and erosion control.
o Noise and vibration reduction.
o Restriction of operations site.
Landscaping and Site Rehabilitation Measures
o Site Restoration
o Re-vegetation and tree planting
Identification of Applicable and Effective Measures to Prevent and/or Manage
Accidents Involving Hazardous Chemicals.
Preservation of Monuments and Sites of Cultural and Historic Significance.
Information and Training on Occupational Health and Worker Safety.
In a well-planned process, all reasonable means to avoid and minimize impacts are
incorporated into the alternatives during the analysis of alternatives and project
design. Compensation for the remaining impacts is the final stage of mitigation. A
significant reduction in impacts can be achieved by thoughtful use of the alternatives
analysis and mitigation options; it is through these means that the EIA process works
to prevent significant environmental impacts from occurring.
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Rev. 21 Dec. 2010
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN
This section should document how the environment will be monitored during the
implementation of the project during various phases. The monitoring programme
should clearly stipulate:
Institutional arrangements for carrying out the work
Parameters to be monitored Locations of the monitoring Methods to be employed Standards or guidelines to be used Evaluation of the results Schedule and duration of monitoring Format and frequency of reporting
Environmental monitoring program should include action or emergency plans so that appropriate action can be taken in the event of adverse monitoring results or trends. Also on the other hand, the location for monitoring should be selected based on where the impacts would occur and the areas to be affected.
CONCLUSIONS
The EIA report should present the conclusions of the study including: (i) gains which justify project implementation; (ii) explanation of how adverse effects could be minimized or offset, and compensated to make these impacts acceptable; (iii) explanation of use of any irreplaceable resources; and (iv) provisions for follow-up surveillance and monitoring.
KOC.EV.003 – EIA Procedure, Appendix-B: Guide to EIA Reporting Page 20 of 21
Rev. 21 Dec. 2010
Annexure – I
Baseline Monitoring advice to generate Site Specific data
Description Sampling Remarks
Location Duration
Air Environment
Meteorological Wind speed Wind direction Dry bulb temperature Wet bulb temperature Relative Humidity Rainfall Solar Radiation
Minimum 2 sites in the project impact area
Minimum 5 days per each location
Site specific primary data is essential Report Minimum, Average & Maximum values
Site specific primary data is essential Report values hourly, 8 hourly and daily as listed in Appendix No. 17-2 : Standard of Air Quality in Industry Areas of KEPA Regulation (Decision No. 210/2001)
Noise Environment
SPL in dBA Minimum 2 sites in the project impact area
2 day (48 hours) per each location
Site specific primary data is essential Report hourly average values. Report as per the Noise Standards of KEPA Regulation (Decision No. 210/2001)
KOC.EV.003 – EIA Procedure, Appendix-B: Guide to EIA Reporting Page 21 of 21
Site specific primary data is essential Compare the values with Industrial, Residential and Groundwater standards as given in the KOC Standard (KOC.EV.006)
