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Korean Conflict1950-1953
First war to use
helicoptersas troop
transports
wigwags.wordpress.com/...
www.maps.com
“Korean War”
• Never declared an official War by Congress
• American troops were deployed as a “police action”
• United Nations coalition – not just the United States
Causes of Korean War
1. Containment• 1947 commitment
to Containment forced the US to intervene with Soviet threat of communism in Korea
Causes of the Korean War
2. Truman Doctrine• 1947 Truman committed
the country to the defense of “free peoples” everywhere against communist aggression.
• Korean War was the first place that American troops fought and died for this principle .
www.trumanlibrary.org
Causes of Korean War3. China’s fall to Communism • Truman will be blamed for China
becoming communist. • China will become two nations:
- Mainland China under Mao Tse-tung- Anti-Communist China under Chiang Kai-shek on the island of Taiwan.
** Korean’s want one nation with one government. Kim Il Sung will gain Soviet permission to attack South Korea to reunite the country.
Mao Tse-Tung
Chiang Kai-shek
Korea’s History
• Remained under Japanese rule until liberated by US and Soviet troops in 1945
Japanese troops leaving Korea
www.military.com
Korea’s History
• 1945 Korea was divided at the 38th parallel to avoid conflict between US and USSR.
• Soviet forces controlled the North
• American forces controlled the South
Korea’s History
• 1948 US & UN encouraged South Korea to have elections.
• Soviets objected – Stated Korea should remain divided until one government could be made.
• Soviets boycotted the election.
www.lifemagazine.org
Korea’s History• Syngman Rhee
was overwhelmingly elected as President of South Korea.
• Dedicated anti-communist – US educated
www.aldeaeducativa.com
www.aldeaeducativa.com
Korea’s History
• Soviet’s retaliated by forming a communist government in North Korea lead by Kim Il Sung.
www.kmike.com
www.kmike.com
Korea’s History
• By 1949 both halves of Korea were recognized as independent countries.
• All US and Soviet troops withdrew from the Korean Peninsula.
• Kim Il Sung convinces Stalin that the US would not intervene in a Korean conflict.
Korean War Begins
• June 25th 1950 North Korean troops invaded South Korea.
United Nations Involvement
• South Korean forces could not withstand North Korean forces.
• United Nations sends in troops to aid South Korea.
United States Involvement
• Initially Truman stated US troops could only protect US Civilians as they retreated from enemy attack.
United States Involvement
• Once the UN was involved Truman sent General Douglas Mac Arthur to take command of the multinational force to assist in the defense of South Korea.
http://www.trumanlibrary.org/hstpaper/koreasub.htm
Arrival of UN Troops
• Invasion at Inch on– Troop landing behind
enemy lines– Forced North Korean
troops out of South Korea
http://www.trumanlibrary.org/hstpaper/koreasub.htm
• Chinese refugees leaving Inch on after UN invasion
Reevaluation of war’s purpose
• Focus changed from forcing North Korean withdrawal from the South to punishing North Korea in defeat.
Marines landing at Inch on
www.Military.com
Decision to cross the 38th parallel
• Concern over Communist China involvement if North Korea was attacked.
• Mac Arthur assured Truman that UN troops would quickly defeat Chinese Army
Miscalculations
• October 1950 A massive Chinese communist army crossed the Yalu River into North Korea.
• Pushes UN forces back into South Korea.
Crossing the Yalu River into North Korea
www.military.com
Stalemate
• After several weeks of fighting the battle lines stabilized close to the 38th parallel.
http://www.trumanlibrary.org/hstpaper/koreasub.htm
Truman’s Limited War
• Many American’s wanted to push for unconditional surrender as was achieved with Germany and Japan after WWII.
• Truman worried about widening the war with Soviet Union and its allies and the threat of nuclear weapons being used.
Soviet Peacekeeping Nuclear Missiles
www.military.com
Mac Arthur’s Insubordination
• Mac Arthur wanted to bomb China, block aid the Chinese coast, and unleash the anti-communist Chinese forces from Taiwan.
• Mac Arthur publicized his criticism of Truman which lead to his firing in 1951.
http://www.trumanlibrary.org/hstpaper/koreasub.htm
American Public
• As the stalemate continued American’s also grew tired of limited war strategies.
• 1952 Presidential election brought Republican, Dwight D. Eisenhower, to office with the promise of ending the fighting in Korea.
www.military.com
Armistice
• July 1953 an armistice was finally concluded.
http://www.trumanlibrary.org/hstpaper/koreasub.htm
Peace?
• A peace treaty has never been signed, and the peninsula remains divided by a heavily fortified frontier commonly referred to as the DMZ. This is almost the same line as the 38th parallel.
DMZ Zone 1 ½ Miles Wide
www.military.com
Increased the Cold War
• Created more friction between the United States and the Soviet Union
• Feelings of enmity developed between China and the United States that would last for decades.
• Demonstrated the will of the US to do everything possible to prevent the proliferation of communism.
• This war created a fear in the US of the domino effects of communism. The US intervened in Vietnam to avoid another North Korea.
Effects of Korean War
• Several Korean casualties on both sides though the exact figure may never be known
• American casualties 136,935 KIA 33,651
• Families were split with relatives on either sides of the border
• South Korea became an important US military base with thousands of American troops stationed there.
Effects of Korean War
• The Korean War never ended. The inability of the two sides to resolve their differences has meant that the two Koreas and their allies have had to remain on a battle ready state along the border ever since.
After Korean War
• SEATO (South East Asia Treaty Organization) was formed as a defensive alliance to prevent communist aggression in Asia.
Currently• Today South Korea
has become a major economic and technological power.
Seoul, South Korea
www.korea.com
Currently
• North Korea is a poverty-stricken, heavily militarized nation.
• It is hoped that one day the two Koreas will become one.
North Korea from satellite image. Very little technology. Most of the country is without power
Currently• On October 4 2007 the
South Korean Leader Roh Moo-Hyun and the North Korean leader Kim Jong-il signed an eight-point peace agreement on issues of permanent peace, economic cooperation, high-level talks, renewal of highway, air travel and train services.
Roh Moo-Hyun
Kim Jong-il
Currently
• North Korea has carried out a controversial nuclear test and several ballistic missile tests. A nuclear North Korea is a threat to Japan, South Korea and the United States.
www.military.com
Korean War Memorial