Date post: | 03-Jan-2016 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | deborah-house |
View: | 35 times |
Download: | 0 times |
KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRA BHADRAK
Accelerating Income through Resource Utilization under Integrated Farming Models for
Small holders
8th National Conference on KVK 2013Bengaluru
23-25 October 2013
Dr Aurovinda DasProgramme Coordinator
BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF BHADRAK DISTRICT
12th most populous district of the state
Supports 3.6 % human and 3.5 % animal population of the state with only 1.6 % of the geographical area
Rural population : 90.06 % of total population of the district
72.90 % Rural population depend on agriculture and allied sector for their livelihood
VULNERABILITY MAP OF BHADRAK
BONTH
BHADRAK BASUDEVPUR
BHANDARIPOKHARI
TIHIDI
DHAMNAGAR
CHANDBALI
AGRI
CULT
URE
SCE
NAR
IO O
F BH
ADRA
K D
ISTR
ICT
Agro Climatic Zone North Eastern Coastal Plain Zone
Agro Eco SituationsAlluvial Canal IrrigatedLow lying flood proneSaline Soil Group
8%
36%57%
UplandMedium landLow land
Total geographical area 2,70,164 ha
Total cultivable area 1,76,000 ha Irrigated area 65 % (Kharif)
20.6 % ( Rabi)Cropping intensity 132.6%
La
nd
ty
pe
s
LAND HOLDING PATTERN OF THE DISTRICT
Distribution of land holding
Size of holding No. of holding
Per cent of total land holding
Area (ha)
< 1 ha (Marginal) 85,779 58.5 38,889
1-2 ha (Small) 34,178 23.3 47,751
2-4 ha (Medium) 20,909 14.3 55,615
>4 ha (Large) 5,751 3.7 33,602
Per cent of Total Land holding Share of Area
59%23%
14%
4%
MarginalSmallMediumLarge
22%
27%32%
19%
Cropping System Area (ha)
Rice Equivalent
Yield (q/ha)
Rice-Black gram 7550 48.49Rice- Green gram 6525 44.02Rice- Toria 1178 40.63Rice-Sunflower 1116 74.27Rice-Ground nut 1505 84.98Rice-Vegetables 9587 113.57Rice- Rice 15620 63.99
MAJOR CROPPING SYSTEMS
Inland Fisheries Resources
Fresh water source
No. Water spread
Area (ha)
Production (MT)
Productivity
(MT/ha)
Tanks & Ponds– G.P.
2315 704.8 1311.0 1.86
Revenue 436 151.0 268.8 1.78
Private 15496 2939.1 7142.0 2.43
Total 18247 3794.9 8721.8 2.28
Animal Resources Animal Resources Numbers
Cattle - Cross bred 169788Indigenous 394789
Buffaloes 13810Goat 201333Sheep 10273Others (Pig) 9169Poultry 735246
FISHERIES & ANIMAL RESOURCES
District Agriculture -Threats and Concerns
Deteriorating resource base
Fragmented Land holding
Climatic aberrations and occurrence of extreme events
Low irrigation facilities during rabi
Biotic stresses such as disease & insect pest outbreak
Declining farm profitability and large scale urban
migration
High cost of external inputs and labour scarcity
Distress sale of farm produce particularly rice
Menace of stray cattle & monkey
WHY SMALL HOLDERS ARE VULNERABLE ??
Limited resource base (Natural and Physical)
Low profitability and marketable surplus
Less scope for diversification
Limited access to technology, credit and market
Less capital for asset building
Low adaptability to external shocks
Low risk bearing ability
Subsistence orientation
Lack of awareness about the Govt. schemes & programs
Low social recognition in community decision making
processes
LIVELIHOOD IMPROVEMENT OPTIONS FOR SMALL HOLDERS
Intensification of existing production system Integration of suitable components in a farming system approachEncouragement of off-farm & non-farm activities to supplement the family income Market re-orientation through diversification of production system and processing of farm produces
These options under the umbrella of Integrated Farming System approach can sustain the livelihoods of small holder
Enhancement in Income
Employment Generation
Ensuring Food and Nutritional security
OBJECTIVES OF IFS
Reso
urc
e U
tilisa
tion R
esid
ue R
ecyclin
g
STRATEGY FOLLOWED BY KVK TO PROMOTE INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM S FOR SMALL HOLDERS
Identification of existing pond based farming systems
Analyzing the economics, social and component compatibility, resource use, residue recycling and constraints
Technology intervention for maximizing the out put of individual components and optimizing system productivity
Assessing the sustainability of the farming systems and documentation of threats and constraints
Validating the suitability of the situation specific pond based farming system models at different locations
Creating gainful employment opportunity through processing and value addition
Convergence and institutional linkage for strengthening and horizontal spread of the technology
PROCESS ADOPTED BY KVK
SURVEY & DOCUMENTATION
SYSTEM ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION POINTS
TECHNOLOGY TESTING
MONITORING
CLUSTERING , NETWORKING, & DATABASE
UPSCALING THROUGH CONVERGENCE
Sl. No
Farming Systems Componets/Enterprises Per cent Net Income (Rs)/ha
Marginal Farmers
1 Rice based FS Fruits/ Vegetable + Pisciculture 32 83,940
2 Rice based FS Dairy + Poultry 18 47,730
3 Pond based FS Rice + Dairy 21 62,610
4 Rice based FS Fruits/Vegetable + Mushroom 16 70,400
5 Rice based FS Mushroom 7 58,600
Small Farmers
1 Rice based FS Fruits/Vegetable + Dairy + Pisciculture 34 72,500
2 Rice based FS Oilseed/Pulses + Fruits/Vegetables + Poultry
19 58,600
3 Pond based FS Rice + Oil seed /Pulses+ Fruits/Vegetable+ Dairy
25 76,860
4 Vegetable based FS
Rice + Fruits/Vegetable + Mushroom 12 68,340
5 Pond based FS Rice + Fruits/Vegetable +Dairy + Pisciculture+ Mushroom
7 72,900
MAJOR INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEMS OF THE DISTRICT
RICE
PULSES & OILSEEDS
VEGETABLES
FRUITS
PISCICULTURE
MUSHROOM
DAIRY
POULTRY
GOATERY
DUCKERY
APIARY
EXISTINGSCOPE FOR INTEGRATION
SCOPE FOR EXPANSION
POSSIBILITIES OF ENTERPRISE COMBINATION FOR SMALL HOLDERS
PROMISING ENTERPRISES
PISCICULTURE
MUSHROOM
OPPORTUNITY FOR PISCICULTURE IN THE DISTRICT
EXISTENCE OF PONDS NEAR HOUSE UNUTILISED POND
OPPORTUNITIES FOR POND BASED FARMING SYSTEM
Additional 11475 small ponds developed through MGNREGS and Multi-purpose Farm pond schemes
Out of total of 18247 cultivable ponds , 15277 ponds situated in backyard are small with an average area of 0.18 ha are mostly under utilized
Requirement of 1986 MT of fish in the district considering the internal fish demand there is an additional
MUSHROOM PRODUCTIONAn emerging off-farm enterprise of the district
Low investment, minimum infrastructure requirement and simple cultivation technique
Higher return within a small period of time
Huge availability of paddy straw Established value chain Good network of service providers for
input, technology and market
Strength of the enterprise Opportunities for the enterprise
Huge market demand both inside and outside the district
Efficient use of farm resources (paddy straw) and family labour
Scope for processing and value addition Attractive to unemployed youths and farm
women Technology validated for off-season
production
1 2 3 4 50
20
40
60
80
100
120
140No. of poly houses
Years after adoption of technology
2004
-05
2005
-06
2006
-07
2007
-08
2008
-09
2009
-10
2010
-11
2011
-12
2012
-13
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500No. of Growers
Employment generation
Year
2004
-05
2005
-06
2006
-07
2007
-08
2008
-09
2009
-10
2010
-11
2011
-12
2012
-13
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Production(q)
Income ('0000 Rupees))
Year
Growth of Mushroom enterprise
1380 growers producing 40.8 q mushroom per day providing employment to 3640 rural youth and farm women
More than 86 commercial mushroom growers and 52 SHGs engaged in mushroom production and value addition under the technical guidance of KVK
A mushroom growers’ association formed and strengthened by KVK to promote mushroom as an enterprise in a big way
This enterprise is mostly adopted by the resource poor small holders
COMPONENTS OF POND BASED FARMING SYSTEM
Vegetable cultivation on the dyke
Banana cultivation
Vermicompost production
Apiculture Poultry Duckery
Tuber crops on pond bund
Fruits on pond bund
Dairy
Resource recycling in pond based farming system
APPROACHES FOR SUSTAINABLE INTENSIFICATON OF IFS
INTENSIFICATION OF EXISTING FARMING SYSTEM
INTEGRATION OF SUITABLE COMPONENTS
KEY INTERVENTIONS UNDERTAKEN BY KVK
PISCICULTURE
Problem Intervention
Low income from single cropping pattern in pisciculture
Validation of KVK Innovation of Multiple stocking and multiple harvesting and subsequent wide spread dissemination
Occurrence of nutritional deficiency disorders in fishes (Scoliosis , Lordosis, bigger head- narrow trunk etc.)
Assessment of Vitamin-mineral premix with traditional feed
Cost involvement towards artificial fish feed is very high (Approx. 70% of production cost)
Rearing of Khaki Campbell with composite pisciculture
Phytoplanktonic bloom frequently crashes during winter
Assessment and demonstration of liquid micronutrients in sustaining phytoplankton bloom during winter
Key Interventions undertaken by KVK
B. Crop production
Problem Intervention
Low yield and high incidence of diseases in the existing varieties of paddy
Varietal evaluation and demonstration of high yielding varieties like Pratikshya, Ranidhan etc.
Low yield of rice, pulses and oilseed crops due to imbalanced nutrient application
Recommendation of balanced fertilizer dose and INM to farmers and extension functionariesAssessment of LCC for N management in rice
Low yield due to high incidence of sheath blight, blast, BPH & WBPH, stem borer and leaf folder in rice
Assessment and demonstration on IPDM technology in rice
Key Interventions undertaken by KVKC. Horticulture
Problem Intervention
Sub-optimal utilisation of pond dykes
Demonstration on elephant foot yam and yam, tissue culture banana, papaya and bowering system of cucurbits planting on the dyke
Imbalanced nutrient application in vegetables
Demonstration on INM in major vegetable crops, brinjal, tomato and chilli
High incidence of diseases and insect pests in vegetable and fruit crops
Assessment and demonstration on various IPDM modules against major disease and insect pests of brinjal, tomato, chilli, taro, cabbage, pointed gourd, pumpkin, coconut and banana
Low yield potential of existing varieties
Demonstration on the improved varieties/ hybrids of onion, garlic, brinjal. Tomato, chilli and cole crops
Key Interventions undertaken by KVKD. Mushroom
Problem Intervention
Difficulties in Paddy straw mushroom production during winter season and low market demand for Oyster mushroom
Demonstration on off-season paddy straw mushroom production in low cost poly house
Low availability of unthreshed paddy straw due to mechanized threshing
Assessment and demonstration of threshed paddy straw as substrate
Less consumer preference and low profitability of Oyster mushroom
Processing and value addition of Oyster mushroom viz. pickle, nuggets, dehydrated mushroom, soup powder, mushroom flour
Animal Health Camp Exposure visit
KISHAN MOBILE ADVISORY TO THE IFS FARMERS
Module Activity Gross return (Rs)
Activity Specific Intervention Additional cost involved, Rs
Gross return, Rs
Addl. Employment (days)
Paddy 0.4 ha 19800 0.4 ha Fertilizer management, IPM 620 24720 2
Fish production
0.4 ha (Single cropping pattern)
48400 0.4 haMultiple cropping pattern of pisciculture by use of SFL/SYL
37200 144100 120
Vegetable (Pointed gourd)
0.05 ha (Local var.)
128500.05 ha (Improved var.)
Varietal replacement with Swarna Aloukik with bowering system planting
5500 29450 23
Dairy 2 cows-cross bred
28400 2 cows- cross bred
Fodder cultivationFeed management 900 35600 20
Total 0.85 ha 119450 0.85 ha 44220 233870 165
ON FARM EVALUATION OF KVK INTERVENTIONS ON FARMING SYSTEMS
Before intervention(2009) After intervention
Sri Santosh Nayak, Vill-Bhagia, BhadrakSize of holding: 0.85 ha, Family size: 6
Varietal replacement of local var. with improved var. Swarna Aloukik
Trailing system of planting of pointed gourd
ON FARM EVALUATION OF KVK INTERVENTIONS ON FARMING SYSTEMS
Paddy 0.5 ha
Fish production 0.4 ha
Dairy 2 cows(Indigenous)
ON FARM EVALUATION OF KVK INTERVENTIONS ON FARMING SYSTEMS Rabi Narayan Barik
Specific Intervention on 1st year
Fertilizer management, IPM
Use of SFL/SYL, supplementary feeding, INM, IDM
Fodder cultivation and Feed management
Maitapur, Bhadrak)Size of holding: 0.9 ha
Family size: 6
Enterprises before intervention
Additional cost involved (Rs) 119500
Net return before intervention (Rs) 32400
Net return 3 years after intervention (Rs) 104220
Additional employment generated (days) 370
Paddy Fish production Dairy 0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000Before Intervention
After Intervention
Gro
ss R
etur
n (R
s.)
Effect of KVK Intervention
Paddy 0.2 ha
Fish production 0.4 ha
Fish seed production 0.2 ha
Dairy Cows-2 (Indigenous)1- Cross bred
Vegetables 0.1 ha
Fodder (Hybrid napier) 0.01 ha
Farming system 3 yrs after KVK Intervention
Module Activity Gross return (Rs)
Activity Specific Intervention Additional cost involved, Rs
Gross return, Rs
Addl. Employment (days)
Paddy 0.4ha 21500 Area converted to pond
-60
Dairy Cow-1-Indigenous
2300Cross bred - 2Indigenous-1 Feed management 35600 53200 45
Fish production
0.32 ha newly developed
Multiple cropping pattern in pisciculture using SFL/SYL
26500 78400 50
Vegetables 0.08 ha Production technology for round the year cultivation
12750 25500 70
Total 0.4 ha 23800 0.4 74850 157100 105
ON FARM EVALUATION OF KVK INTERVENTIONS ON FARMING SYSTEMS
Before intervention(2006) After intervention
Sri Debadatta Panda, Vill-Jamujodi, TihidiSize of holding: 0.4 ha, Family size: 6
Problems diagnosed
KVK Intervention
Sri Bharat Chandra Samal Village – Patuli , Block- Bhandaripokhari, Bhadrak (Odisha)
Land holding: 1.6 haFamily size: 10
• Low profitability of paddy & vegetables• Low income to support family needs• High cost incurred in external inputs
BACKGROUND
Off season mushroom production in low cost polyhouse and strengthening through ATMA (OFT – 2007-08)
Inclusion of pulses and oilseeds in crop production
Linkage with FFDA for development of farm pond & with Horticulture dept. for vermicompost unit
EXSTING FARMING SYSTEM Rice+ vegetable+Mushroom
NET RETURNRs.1,42,00
FARMING SYSTEM IN 2012-13 Rice - SunflowerVegetableFruits & plantation cropsPiscicultureMushroomDairyVermicompostForestry
Family employment generation
1130 days/yr
NET RETURNRs.584400/yr
OPPORTUNITY COSTRs.225980
VALUE OF RESIDUE RECYCLED
Rs. 83600
AWARDED AT DISTRICT & STATE LEVEL
RECYCLING OF RESOURCES AND ORGANIC RESIDUES WITHIN
Problems diagnosedKVK Intervention since 2006
Sri Prabodh Behera Village – Jamajodi- Tihidi, Bhadrak (Odisha)
Land holding: 1.0 haFamily size: 8
Earlier agricultural activities Rice-Pulse + vegetable +Dairy
• Low profitability of paddy , pulse & vegetables• Low income to support family needs• High cost incurred in external inputs
Improved production technology of rice, pulse & vegetablesDevelopment fof farm pond through convergence with DRDAMultiple cropping pattern in pisciculture and introduction of poultry and duckeryPlantation of banana and guava on the pond dyke Linkage with Horticulture dept. for apiary & vermicompost unit
Farming system in 3rd year of Intervention
Pisciculture + Rice-pulse + Vegetables + Fruit crops+ Dairy + Poultry + Duckery + Apiary + VermicompostNet monetary Return Rs.296496 / year
Background
Micronutrient application in pond Vermicomposting
Elephant food yam on pond dyke Vegetable seedling raising
Elephant foot yam
Farming system in 5th year of Intervention
Pisciculture + Rice-pulse + Vegetables + Fruit crops+ Dairy + Poultry + Apiary + VermicompostNet monetary Return Rs.416300 / year
VALUE OF RESIDUE RECYCLED
Rs. 48100
FAMILY EMPLOYMENT
704 MD/year
INSTITUTIONAL LINKAGE FOR UP SCALING POND BASED FARMING SYSTEM
KVK
Awareness generation , Facilitation
Vaccination of Poultry Birds, Ducks & Dairy Animals, Animal Health Camp,
Supply of Fodder Seed materials
Development of multi-purpose farm ponds, Supply of quality fish
seeds etc.
Demonstration, Farm School, Exposure visit & Publication
ATMA
Fishery Department
Animal Resource
DepartmentNGOs & Farmers
Club
NABARD
Capacity building & Exposure visit
Dept. of Agriculture & Horticulture
Technology dissemination, Supply of quality seed & planting materials, development of farm ponds & irrigation facility etc.
OUTCOMES & IMPACT
Ensured livelihood and nutritional security of more than 320 smallholders of the district
Created gainful employment for more than 1000 persons round the year and further widen the opportunity for unemployed youth and agriculture labourers
Intensification of farming systems of marginal and small farmers with minimum alteration of existing resource base
Enabled multi-commodity production for easy marketing and risk reduction
Created favourable attitudinal changes among the rural youths towardsfarming as a vocation Effective convergence with line departments and strengtheningco-ordination among the partners
Improvement of the productivity of existing enterprise Enterprise combination is gradual process Better utilisation of resources and recycling of farm residues Social factor is the key for enterprise selection and combination Constant monitoring and regular technical backstopping Market led production ensures profitability Fish seed production is more remunerative than table size fish production Poultry (Improved colour bird) and duckery facing natural threat of wild cat Up scaling through convergence with line departments
LESSON LEARNT
Development of viable farming system models for marginal farmers with very small holding
Standardization of different pond based farming system models for different categories of farmers through on-farm validation
Inclusion of this approach in the SREP and CDAP of the district as an important strategic component
Facilitate accelerated dissemination of technology though handholding approach
Exploring more areas of convergence with different stakeholders and programmes
FUTURE STRATEGY
Thank You