Krok 1 Stomatology 2012 1 1. A shepherd who has tended sheep together with dogs presents with chest pain and blood spitting. X-ray exami- nation revealed a roundish neoplasm in his lungs. Immunological reactions confi- rmed the provisional diagnosis. Specify the helminth that might have caused this disease: A. Echinococcus B. Dwarf tapeworm C. Broad tapeworm D. Common liver fluke E. Armed tapeworm 2. Sdudying the mitotic cycle phases of an onion root the researchers revealed a cell with chromosomes lying in equatorial plane in form of a star. What phase of mi- tosis is it? A. Metaphase B. Prophase C. Anaphase D. Telophase E. Interphase 3. A patient has a right-sided fracture in the region of the frontal third of mandible accompanied by a haematoma in the regi- on of chin. It is caused by the injury of the following artery: A. Mental B. Inferior labial C. Lingual D. Facial E. Palatine 4. As a result of a cold a patient has the abnormal pain and temperature sensitivi- ty of the frontal 2/3 of his tongue. Which nerve must have been damaged? A. Trigeminus B. Sublingual C. Accessory D. Vagus E. Glossopharyngeal 5. A patient was delivered to a hospital with the fracture of mandible and consi- derable bleeding in the region of fracture. What artery is likely to be dameged? A. Inferior alveolar artery B. Ascending pharyngeal artery C. Lingual artery D. Ascending palatine artery E. Superior alveolar artery 6. It is required to anaesthetize the right lower molars. The proper injection site for the conduction anaesthesia is: A. The region of the right mandibular foramen B. The gums to the right of mandible C. The region of the right mental foramen D. The region of suborbital foramen E. The region of the oval foramen 7. Trauma of occipital region of head resulted in crack fracture in the region of transverse sinus. What part of occipital bone is damaged? A. Squama B. Left lateral C. Right lateral D. Proximal E. Condyle 8. Examination of a 32-year-old patient revealed disproportional skeleton size, enlargement of superciliary arches, nose, lips, tongue, jaw bones, feet. What gland’s function was disturbed? A. Hypophysis B. Epiphysis C. Pancreas D. Thyroid E. Suprarenal 9. After a trauma of soft tissues in the region of the posterior sorface of medi- al condyle of humerus a patient has got a skin prickle of medial forearm surface. Which of the listed nerves is located in the affected region? A. N.ulnaris B. N.musculocutaneu C. N.dorsalis scapularis D. N.subscapularis E. N.radialis 10. A boy has fallen down from a tree. Now he finds it difficult to abduct his arm into horizontal position. Which muscle is most likely to be injured? A. M.deltoideus B. M.triceps brachii C. M.anconeus D. M.coracobrachialis E. M.supinator 11. A 60-year-old patient has problems wi- th formation and moving of food mass, it disturbs eating process. His tongue is sti- ff, speaking is impossible. What nerve is damaged?
Transcript
Krok 1 Stomatology 2012 1
1. A shepherd who has tended sheeptogether with dogs presents with chestpain and blood spitting. X-ray exami-nation revealed a roundish neoplasm inhis lungs. Immunological reactions confi-rmed the provisional diagnosis. Specifythe helminth that might have caused thisdisease:
A. EchinococcusB. Dwarf tapewormC. Broad tapewormD. Common liver flukeE. Armed tapeworm
2. Sdudying the mitotic cycle phases ofan onion root the researchers revealed acell with chromosomes lying in equatorialplane in form of a star. What phase of mi-tosis is it?
A. MetaphaseB. ProphaseC. AnaphaseD. TelophaseE. Interphase
3. A patient has a right-sided fracture inthe region of the frontal third of mandibleaccompanied by a haematoma in the regi-on of chin. It is caused by the injury of thefollowing artery:
A. MentalB. Inferior labialC. LingualD. FacialE. Palatine
4. As a result of a cold a patient has theabnormal pain and temperature sensitivi-ty of the frontal 2/3 of his tongue. Whichnerve must have been damaged?
A. TrigeminusB. SublingualC. AccessoryD. VagusE. Glossopharyngeal
5. A patient was delivered to a hospitalwith the fracture of mandible and consi-derable bleeding in the region of fracture.What artery is likely to be dameged?
A. Inferior alveolar arteryB. Ascending pharyngeal arteryC. Lingual arteryD. Ascending palatine arteryE. Superior alveolar artery
6. It is required to anaesthetize the rightlower molars. The proper injection site for
the conduction anaesthesia is:
A. The region of the right mandibularforamenB. The gums to the right of mandibleC. The region of the right mental foramenD. The region of suborbital foramenE. The region of the oval foramen
7. Trauma of occipital region of headresulted in crack fracture in the regionof transverse sinus. What part of occipitalbone is damaged?
A. SquamaB. Left lateralC. Right lateralD. ProximalE. Condyle
8. Examination of a 32-year-old patientrevealed disproportional skeleton size,enlargement of superciliary arches, nose,lips, tongue, jaw bones, feet. What gland’sfunction was disturbed?
A. HypophysisB. EpiphysisC. PancreasD. ThyroidE. Suprarenal
9. After a trauma of soft tissues in theregion of the posterior sorface of medi-al condyle of humerus a patient has gota skin prickle of medial forearm surface.Which of the listed nerves is located in theaffected region?
A. N.ulnarisB. N.musculocutaneuC. N.dorsalis scapularisD. N.subscapularisE. N.radialis
10. A boy has fallen down from a tree.Now he finds it difficult to abduct his arminto horizontal position. Which muscle ismost likely to be injured?
A. M.deltoideusB. M.triceps brachiiC. M.anconeusD. M.coracobrachialisE. M.supinator
11. A 60-year-old patient has problems wi-th formation and moving of food mass, itdisturbs eating process. His tongue is sti-ff, speaking is impossible. What nerve isdamaged?
Krok 1 Stomatology 2012 2
A. XIIB. VC. IXD. XIE. VII
12. A female patient with a tumour ofpancreas has developed mechanic jaundi-ce resulting from compression of a bile-excreting duct. Which duct is compressed?
13. A 28-year-old woman has been di-agnosed with extrauterine pregnancycomplicated by tha fallopian tube rupture.The blood is most likely to penetrate thefollowing peritoneal space:
A. RectouterineB. VesicouterineC. Right mesenteric sinusD. Left mesenteric sinusE. Intersigmoid sinus
14. A 35-year-old patient diagnosedwith sterility came to gynaecologicaldepartment for diagnostic biopsy ofendometrium. Microscopic examinati-on revealed that mucous membrane isedematous, uterine glands are convolutedand filled with thick secreta. Such changesin the endometrium are caused by excessof the following hormon:
A. ProgesteroneB. EstrogenC. TestosteroneD. SomatotropinE. ACTH
15. Wound healing is accompanied by thedevelopment of a connective tissue ci-catrice which is formed on the site of thetissue defect. What cells are responsiblefor this process?
A. FibroblastsB. MacrophagesC. FibrocytesD. MastocytesE. Melanocytes
16. An electron microphotograph ofduodenal epithelium clearly shows a cellwith electron-dense granules in the basalpole. What cell is it?
A. EndocrineB. Prismatic with a limbusC. Poorly differentiatedD. GobletE. Parietal
17. Gastroscopy of a patient revealed lackof mucus coating the mucous membrane.This may be caused by the dysfunction ofthe following cells of gastric wall:
A. Cells of prismatic glandular epitheliumB. Parietal cells of gastric glandsC. Main exocrinocytesD. Cervical cellsE. Endocrinocytes
18. As a result of a development anomalya newborn has malformation of majorsalivary glands. This anomaly is caused bythe damage of the following embryonalstructure:
A. EctodermB. SplanchnotomC. SomitesD. EntodermE. Mesenchyme
19. During postembryonal haemopoiesisin the red bone marrow the cells of oneof the cellular differons demonstrate agradual decrease in cytoplasmic basophi-lia as well as an increase in oxyphilia,the nucleus is being forced out. Suchmorphological changes are typical for thefollowing haemopoiesis type:
A. ErythropoiesisB. LymphopoiesisC. Neutrophil cytopoiesisD. Eosinophil cytopoiesisE. Basophil cytopoiesis
20. Microspecimen of a child’s fingerskin reveals subnormal development ofepidermis. What embryonic leaf wasdamaged in course of development?
A. EctodermB. MesodermC. EntodermD. MesenchymaE. Ectomesenchyma
21. A microspecimen of heart showsrectangular cells from 50 to 120 mcmlarge with central position of nucleus,developed myofibrils. The cells areconnected by intercalated discs. Thesecells are responsible for the followingfunction:
Krok 1 Stomatology 2012 3
A. Function of heart contractionsB. Function of impulse conductionC. EndocrineD. ProtectiveE. Regeneratory
22. Obliterating atherosclerosis causeschanges in the vessels of the lowerextermities. A histological specimen ofsuch a vessel evidently presents bothinternal and external elastic membranes,middle membrane contains a lot ofmyocytes. What vessel is affected in caseof this disease?
A. Artery of muscular typeB. Artery of elastic typeC. Artery of mixed typeD. Vein with strongly developed musclesE. Lymph node
23. While a 24-year-old woman waswaiting for tooth extraction, tonus ofsympathetic part of autonomic nervoussystem rose. What reaction will the pati-ent display?
A. Increased frequency of heartbeatB. HyperperistalsisC. Hypersecretion of digestive juicesD. Bronchus constrictionE. Miotic pupils
24. A 30-year-old woman has subnormalconcentration of enzymes in thepancreatic juice. This might be caused bythe hyposecretion of the following gastroi-ntestinal hormone:
A. Cholecystokinin-pancreozyminB. SomatostatinC. SecretinD. Gastro-inhibiting peptideE. Vaso-intestinal peptide
25. A month after surgical constrictionof rabbit’s renal artery the considerableincrease of systematic arterial pressurewas observed. What of the followingregulation mechanisms caused the ani-mal’s pressure change?
A. Angiotensin-IIB. VasopressinC. AdrenalineD. NoradrenalineE. Serotonin
26. A child has abnormal formation oftooth enamel and dentin as a result of lowconcentration of calcium ions in blood.Such abnormalities might be caused bydeficiency of the following hormone:
A. ParathormoneB. ThyrocalcitoninC. ThyroxinD. Somatotropic hormoneE. Triiodothyronine
27. A man permanently lives high inthe mountains. What changes of bloodcharacteristics can be found in his organi-sm?
A. Increase of erythrocytes numberB. Decrease of hemoglobin contentC. Erythroblasts in bloodD. Decrease of reticulocytes numberE. Decrease of colour index of blood
28. A sportsman was examined after anintensive physical activity. The examinati-on revealed disorder of movement coordi-nation but the force of muscle contracti-ons remained the same. It can be explai-ned by retarded speed of excitementconduction through:
A. Central synapsesB. Neuromuscular synapsesC. Efferent nervesD. Afferent nervesE. Conduction tracts
29. After a tourniquet application apatient was found to have petechialhaemorrhages. The reason for it is thedysfunction of the following cells:
A. PlateletsB. EosinophilsC. MonocytesD. LymphocytesE. Neutrophils
30. After a hemorrhage into the brainstema patient has lost reflex of myosis as areaction to increase of illumination. Whatstructure was damaged?
A. Vegetative nuclei of oculomotor nerveB. Lateral reticular nucleiC. Medial reticular nucleiD. Red nucleiE. Black substance
31. A patient under test was subjected toa moderate physical stress. His minuteblood volume amounted 10 l/min. Whatblood volume was pumped through hislung vessels every minute?
32. A patient presents with the followingmotor activity disturbances: tremor, ataxiaand asynergia movements, dysarthria. Thedisturbances are most likely to be locali-zed in:
A. CerebellumB. Basal ganglionsC. Limbic systemD. BrainstemE. Medulla oblongata
33. The value of basal metabolism ofa man under examination exceeds thedue value by 8%. This means that theman has the following intensity of energymetabolism processes:
A. NormalB. Moderately increasedC. Moderately decreasedD. Considerably increasedE. Considerably decreased
34. A man has a considerable decreasein diuresis as a result of 1,5 l blood loss.The primary cause of such diuresis di-sorder is the hypersecretion of the followi-ng hormone:
A. VasopressinB. CorticotropinC. NatriureticD. CortisolE. Parathormone
35. Examination of a child who hasn’tgot fresh fruit and vegetables during wi-nter revealed numerous subcutaneoushemorrhages, gingivitis, carious cavities inteeth. What vitamin combination shouldbe prescribed in this case?
A. Ascorbic acid and rutinB. Thiamine and pyridoxineC. Folic acid and cobalaminD. Riboflavin and nicotinamideE. Calciferol and ascorbic acid
36. A man is in the state of rest. He hasbeen forcing himself to breath deeply andfrequently for 3-4 minutes. What effectwill it have upon acid-bace balance of theorganism?
A. Respiratory alkalosisB. Respiratory acidosisC. Metabolic alkalosisD. Metabolic acidosisE. There will be no change in acid-basebalance
37. A 34-year-old patient has lowendurance of physical loads. At the sametime skeletal muscles have increasedconcentration of glycogen. This is causedby the reduced activity of the followingenzyme:
A. Glycogen phosphorylaseB. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenaseC. PhosphofructokinaseD. Glycogen synthaseE. Glucose-6-phosphatase
38. A patient has been delivered to ahospital with a provisional diagnosis ofprogressing muscle dystrophy. This di-agnosis can be confirmed by the increasedconcentration of the following substancefound in urine:
A. KreatineB. PyruvateC. CarnosineD. TroponinE. Hydroxyproline
39. Before the cells can utilize the glucoze,it is first transported from the extracellularspace through the plasmatic membraneinside theml. This process is stimulated bythe following hormone:
A. InsulinB. GlucagonC. ThyroxinD. AldosteroneE. Adrenalin
40. Parodontitis is treated with calciumpreparations and a hormone that sti-mulates tooth mineralization and inhibitstissue resorption. What hormone is it?
A. CalcitoninB. ParathormoneC. AdrenalinD. AldosteroneE. Thyroxine
41. After implantation of a cardiac valve ayoung man constantly takes indirect anti-coagulants. His state was complicated byhemorrhage. What substance content hasdecreased in blood?
Krok 1 Stomatology 2012 5
A. ProthrombinB. HaptoglobinC. HeparinD. CreatinE. Ceruloplasmin
42. Chronic overdosage of glucocorti-coids leads to the developmentof hyperglycemia. What process ofcarbohydrate metabolism is responsiblefor this effect?
A. GluconeogenesisB. GlycogenolysisC. Aerobic glycolisisD. Pentose-phosphate cycleE. Glycogenesis
43. After prolonged exercising peopleusually experience intense muscle pain.What is its most likely cause?
A. Accumulation of lactic acid in musclesB. Intensified disintegration of muscleproteinsC. Accumulation of creatinine in musclesD. Increased muscle excitabilityE. Increased concentratioon of ADP inmuscles
44. A 62-year-old patient with cerebralhaemorrhage was admitted to theneurological department in grave condi-tion. Objectively: increase of respirationdepth and rate with its following reducti-on to apnoea, thereafter respiration cyclerestores. What respiration type is it?
A. Cheyne-StokesB. Kussmaul’sC. Biot’sD. GaspingE. Apneustic
45. A patient with diabetes mellitus lapsedinto diabetic coma as a result of acid-basedisbalance. Specify the type of disbalance:
46. An employee was working with radi-oactive substances and as a result of anincident he was irradiated with 4 Gy. Hecomplains about headache, nausea, di-zzyness. What changes of blood formulacan be expected 10 hours after irradiati-on?
A. Neutrophilic leukocytosisB. LymphocytosisC. LeukopeniaD. AgranulocytosisE. Neutropenia
47. A patient with a trigeminusinflammation has been suffering fromprogressing parodontitis for the last fewyears. What is the leading factor in theparodontitis development in this case?
A. Neurodystrophical changes inparodentiumB. Hypoactivity of leukocytic elastaseC. Low immunoglobulin productionD. Increase of vagus tonusE. Hypoactivity of kallicrein-kinin system
48. After the traumatic tooth extractiona patient is complaining of acute, dull,poorly-localized pain in gingiva, bodytemperature rise up to 37, 5oC. The pati-ent has been diagnosed with alveolitis.Specify the kind of pain in this patient:
A. ProtopathicB. EpicriticC. VisceralD. HeterotopicE. Phantom
49. A patient with anacydic gastritis hasthe following blood formula: erythrocytes- 2, 5 · 1012/l; Hb - 50 g/l; colour index - 0,6;reticulocytes - 0,02%; microcytosis. Whattype of anaemia is it?
A. Iron-deficientB. Protein-deficientC. Folic acid-deficientD. AplasticE. Hypoplastic
50. A 50-year-old male patient suffersfrom chronic bronchitis, complains aboutdyspnea during physical activity, sustai-ned cough with sputum. After exami-nation he was diagnosed with pulmonaryemphysema. This complication is causedby:
A. Decrease in lung elasticityB. Decrease in alveolar ventilationC. Decrease in lung complianceD. Decrease in lung perfusionE. Ventilation-perfusion disbalance
51. A patient suffering from chronicmyeloleukemia has got the followi-ng symptoms of anemia: decreasednumber of erythrocytes and lowhaemoglobin concentration, oxyphilic
Krok 1 Stomatology 2012 6
and polychromatophilic normocytes, mi-crocytes. What is the leading pathogeneticmechanism of anemia development?
A. Substitution of haemoblastB. Intravascular hemolysis of erythrocytesC. Deficiency of vitamin B12
D. Reduced synthesis of erythropoietinE. Chronic haemorrhage
52. Autopsy of a woman with cerebralatherosclerosis revealed in the leftcerebral hemisphere a certain focus thatis presented by flabby, anhistic, greyishand yellowish tissue with indistinct edges.What pathological process is the case?
A. Ischemic strokeB. Multifocal tumor growth with cysticdegenerationC. Multiple foci of fresh and old cerebralhemorrhageD. Focal encephalitisE. Senile encephalopathy
53. Examination of a 30-year-old man’smandible revealed in the region of hismolar a dense tumour-like formationthat significantly deformed the mandi-ble. Here and there the formation wasn’tfully detached from the bone tissue.Microscopical examination of a tissuesampling revealed that stroma had somecords and follicles with odontogenouscylindric epithelial cells in peripheria andstellate cells resembling of the enameloragan pulp in the centre. What is themost likely diagnosis?
A. AmeloblastomaB. Adenomatoid tumourC. Primary intraosteal cancerD. AdenocarcinomaE. Osteoclastoma
54. Histological examination of a lymphnode removed from the posterior triangleof neck of an 18-year-old patient revealedsome cell agglomerations that included si-ngle multinuclear Reed-Sternberg cells,major Hodgkin’s cells, minor Hodgki-n’s cells and many lymphocytes, singleplasmatic cells, eosinophils. What is themost likely diagnosis?
55. A female patient suffering fromsecondary syphilis got foci of skin depi-
gmentation in the upper parts of her back.What pathological process is it?
A. LeukodermaB. MetaplasiaC. LeukoplasiaD. DysplasiaE. Parakeratosis
56. A 14-year-old patient has beendiagnosed with Hutchinson’s triad:screwdriver-shaped teeth, parenchymatouskeratitis and deafness. What disease arethese signs typical for?
A. SyphilisB. ToxoplasmosisC. LepraD. TuberculosisE. Opisthorchiasis
57. Macroscopic examination of lung ti-ssue revealed areas of high airiness withsmall bubbles, histological examinationrevealed thinning and rupture of alveolarsepta accompanied by formation of largediversiform cavities. What disease wasrevealed in a lung?
58. A 55-year-old man had been sufferingfrom chronic glomerulonephritis. He diedfrom chronic renal failure. Macroscopi-cal examination revealed on the surfaceof epicardium and pericardium somegreyish-white villous depositions. Aftertheir removal dilated and plethoric vesselswere uncovered. What process took placein the pericardium?
A. Fibrinous inflammationB. OrganizationC. Proliferative inflammationD. Haemorrhagic inflammationE. Arterial hyperemia
59. Autopsy of a man, who died fromtyphoid fever on the 5th day of di-sease, revealed the following changes:aggregated follicles of ileum wereenlarged and plethoric; they protrudedover the mucous membrane, and multi-ple sulci and convolutions could be seenon their surface. Histological examinatiorevealed plethority and edema of tissues,presense of granulomas composed of bigcells with light cytoplasm and containi-ng typhoid bacilli. These local changes
Krok 1 Stomatology 2012 7
are compliant with the following periodof typhoid fever:
A. Stage of medullary swellingB. Stage of necrosisC. Stage of ulcer healingD. Stage of clean ulcersE. Stage of ulceration
60. Autopsy of a man who hadtuberculosis revealed a 3x2 cm large cavi-ty in the superior lobe of the right lung.The cavity was interconnected with abronchus, its wall was dense and consi-sted of three layers: the internal layerwas pyogenic, the middle layer was madeby tuberculous granulation tissue and theexternal one was made by connective ti-ssue. What is the most likely diagnosis?
61. Autopsy of a 68-year-old man whodied from chronic cardiac insufficiencyrevealed deformed, thickened, conjoi-ned cusps of mitral valve. Along theedge of joining there were small (1-2mm) thrombs. What form of endocardi-tis caused development of chronic cardiacinsufficiency?
A. Recurrent verrucousB. DiffuseC. Acute verrucousD. FibroplasticE. Polypoulcerous
62. A 57-year-old patient experiences peri-odical uterine haemorrhages. Diagnosticbiopsy of lining of uterus has revealedamong the blood elements some glandularcomplexes of different forms and sizesmade by atypic cells having hyperchromicnuclei with multiple mitoses (includingpathological ones). What is the most li-kely diagnosis?
A. AdenocarcinomaB. Uterus fibromyomaC. ChorioepitheliomaD. Glandular endometrium hyperplasiaE. Endometritis
63. Autopsy of a man who died fromethylene glycol poisoning revealed thathis kidneys are a little bit enlarged,edematic; their capsule can be easilyremoved. Cortical substance is broad andlight-grey. Medullary substance is dark-
64. Bacterioscopy of nasopharyngealmucus taken from a 2,5-year-old chi-ld with nasopharyngitis revealed gram-positive diplococci looking like coffeegrains. What organs of the child are mostlikely to be affected if these microorgani-sms penetrate the blood?
65. Histologic analysis of uterus mucousmembrane revealed twisting glands,serrated and spinned, they were extendedby stroma growth with proliferation of itscells. Formulate a diagnosis:
A. Glandular hyperplasia of endometriumB. Acute endometritisC. LeiomyomaD. Cystic moleE. Placental polyp
66. Analysis of sputum taken from a pati-ent with suspected pneumonia revealedrather elongated gram-positive diplococciwith somewhat pointed opposite ends.What microorganisms were revealed inthe sputum?
67. Serological diagnostics of infectiousdiseases is based upon specific interacti-on with antigenes. Specify the serologi-cal reaction that underlies adhesion ofmicroorganisms when they are affectedby specific antibodies in presence of anelectrolyte:
68. The immunoblot detected gp120protein in the blood serum. This protein is
Krok 1 Stomatology 2012 8
typical for the following disease:
A. HIV-infectionB. Virus B hepatitisC. TuberculosisD. SyphilisE. Poliomyelitis
69. A patient of oral surgery departmenthas developed a purulent complication.Bacteriological analysis of the wounddischarge allowed to isolate a cultureproducing a blue-and-green pigment.Which of the listed microorganisms maybe a causative agent of the infection?
70. Dentists are at increased risk of beinginfected with the type B hepatitis. Whatpreparation should be used for reliableactive prevention of this disease?
A. Recombinant vaccine of HBsAg protei-nsB. Live type B hepatitis vaccineC. Specific immunoglobulinD. Antihepatitis serumE. Monoclonal HBsAg antibodies
71. HIV has gp41 and gp120 on itssurface interacts with target cells ofan organism. Which of the followinghuman lymphocyte antigens is gp120complementary bound with?
A. CD 4B. CD 3C. CD 8D. CD 19E. CD 28
72. A 65-year-old patient with chronicheart failure has been taking digitoxin inself-administered dosages for a long ti-me. She was admitted to the hospital forgeneral health aggravation, arrhythmia,nausea, reduced diuresis, insomnia. Whatis the primary action to be taken?
A. To withhold digitoxinB. To reduce digitoxin dosageC. To administer strophanthineintravenouslyD. To administer digoxinE. To give an intravenous injection ofcalcium gluconate solution
73. A patient has myocardial infarcti-
on with thrombosis of the left coronaryartery. What pharmocological preparationgroup should be used to reestablish bloodflow?
74. For the purpose of disinfection ofnonmetallic surgical instruments theformaldehyde solution was used. Whatgroup does this anticeptic preparati-on belong to according to its chemicalstructure?
A. AliphaticsB. AromaticsC. AlcoholsD. Halogenated compoundsE. Detergents
75. Before the infiltration anaesthesia apatient had been tested for sensitivity tonovocaine. The reaction turned out to bepositive. Which of the below listed drugscan be used for anaesthetization in thiscase?
A. LidocaineB. Procainamide hydrochlorideC. TrimecaineD. AnesthezinE. Tetracaine
76. A stomatologists examined first-gradepupils and revealed that one of chi-ldren had yellowish brown teeth, two ofthem were split. Heretofore the pupil wastreated with "some pills"on account ofpneumonia. What medication could havehad such a negative effect upon teeth?
A. DoxycyclineB. OxacillinC. ErythromycinD. AmpicillinE. Biseptol
77. A patient has a slowly healing fracture.What medicine can be used to accelerateformation of connective tissue matrix?
A. MethyluracilB. PrednisoloneC. CyclophosphanD. MethotrexateE. Cyclosporine
78. Leukoses are treated with anti-
Krok 1 Stomatology 2012 9
metabolite methotrexate. What vitaminis its antagonist?
A. Folic acidB. CyanocobalaminC. PhyllochinoneD. PiridoxineE. Rutin
79. A patient consulted a dentist aboutthe temporomandibular joint arthritis.The dentist administered an ointmentcontaining diclofenac sodium. What is itsmechanism of action?
80. As a result of a trauma a patient hasdamaged anterior roots of spinal cord.What structures have been affected?
A. Axons of motoneurons and axons ofneurons of lateral hornsB. Central processes of sensitive neuronsof spinal ganglionsC. Peripheral processes of sensitive spinalganglionsD. Axons of neurons of lateral hornsE. Dendrites of neurons of spinal ganglions
81. A woman who had taken alcoholsduring her pregnancy had a child wi-th cleft palate and upper lip. Thesepresentations are indicative of somechromosomal anomalies. What process dothey result from?
A. TeratogenesisB. CarcinogenesisC. MutagenesisD. PhylogenesisE. Ontogenesis
82. A 67-year-old patient ordered a fullfunctional denture. It was necessaryto extract his left upper canine.After infraorbital anaesthesia a patientpresented with a progressing haematomain the frontal part of his face. The patientwas found to have an injury of an arterywhich is the branch of:
A. A. maxillarisB. A. facialisC. A. temporalis superficialisD. A. ophthalmicaE. A. labialis superior
83. The contents of vesicles that appeared
on the mucous membrane of a patientwith variola was sent to a virologicallaboratory. Which of the listed changeswere revealed during the smear mi-croscopy?
A. Paschen bodiesB. Babes-Negri bodiesC. Guarnieri bodiesD. Babes-Ernst bodiesE. Syncytium
84. Examination of a 40-year-old manill with stenosing (without metastases)esophageal carcinoma revealed thefolowing changes: atrophy of skeletalmuscles and fatty tissue. His skin is sallow,epidermis is attenuated, heart has grownsmaller. Myocardium and liver are brown.What is the most probable diagnosis?
A. Alimentary cachexiaB. MyastheniaC. Cancerous cachexiaD. Brown atrophyE. Addison’s disease
85. While examining a blood smeartaken form a patient and stained byRomanovsky’s method a doctor revealedsome protozoa and diagnozed the patientwith Chagas disease. What protozoan isthe causative agent of this disease?
86. A patient underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy.Analysis of the biopsy material enableddoctors to diagnose him with heli-cobacteriosis. What property of thebacteria found in this patient had to beobligatory taken into account during theircultivation?
A. Microaerophilic abilityB. Presence of ureaseC. Colonisation of gastral cellsD. Absence of spores and capsulesE. Presence of six polar flagella
87. A 38-year-old man died all of a sudden.Autopsy revealed myocardial infarctionin the posterior wall of the left ventri-cle. What are the most likely alterationsin myocardiocyte structure that can berevealed microscopically in the infarcti-on focus?
Krok 1 Stomatology 2012 10
A. KaryolysisB. Adipose degenerationC. Carbohydrate degenerationD. CalcificationE. Protein degeneration
88. A patient at the early stage of diabetesmellitus was found to have polyuria. Whatis its cause?
A. HyperglycemiaB. KetonemiaC. HypocholesterolemiaD. HypercholesterolemiaE. Hyperkaliemia
89. An 18-year-old boy applied to ageneticist. The boy has asthenic consti-tution: narrow shoulders, broad pelvis,nearly hairless face. Evident mental defi-ciency. The provisional diagnosis was Kli-nefelter’s syndrome. What method of cli-nical genetics will enable the doctor toconfirm this diagnosis?
A. CytogeneticB. GenealogicalC. Twin studyD. DermatoglyphicsE. Population-and-statistical
90. During cytoscopy mucous membraneof urinary bladder normally makes foldsexcept for a single triangular area withsmooth mucosa. This triangle is located inthe following part of urinary bladder:
91. A 67-year-old patient has atherosclerosisof cardiac and cerebral vessels. Exami-nation revealed hyperlipidemia. Whatclass of blood plasma lipoproteidsis most important in atherosclerosispathogenesis?
A. Low-density lipoproteidsB. ChylomicronsC. α-lipoproteidsD. High-density lipoproteidsE. -
92. After a serious psychoemotional stressa 48-year-old patient suddenly developedacute heart ache irradiating to the leftarm. Nitroglycerine relieved pain after 10minutes. What is the leading pathogeneticmechanism of this process development?
A. Spasm of coronary arteriesB. Dilatation of peripheral vesselsC. Obstruction of coronary vesselsD. Compression of coronary vesselsE. Increase in myocardial oxygenconsumption
93. A comatose patient has been deli-vered to a hospital. He has a 5-year hi-story of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objecti-vely: breathing is deep and noisy, thereis a smell if acetone around the patient.The concentration of glucose in blood is15,2 millimole/l, of ketone bodies - 100micromole/l. These disorders are typicalfor the following complication of this di-sease:
A. Ketoacidotic comaB. Hepatic comaC. Hyperglycemic comaD. Hypoglycemic comaE. Hyperosmolar coma
94. A 42-year-old patient complainsof pain in the epigastral area, vomiti-ng; vomit masses have the colour of"coffee-grounds", the patient has alsomelena. Anamnesis records gastric ulcer.Blood formula: erythrocytes - 2, 8 · 1012/l,leukocytes - 8 · 109/l, Hb- 90 g/l. Whatcomplication is it?
A. HaemorrhageB. PenetrationC. PerforationD. CancerationE. Pyloric stenosis
95. While under barbituric anaesthesia a65-year-old male patient developed respi-ratory inhibition. Anesthesiologist madehim a 10 ml intravenous injection of 0,5%bemegride solution. The patient’s condi-tion got better, the pulmonary ventilati-on volume increased. What phenomenonunderlies the interaction of these medi-vcations?
A. Direct antagonismB. Indirect antagonismC. Unilateral antagonismD. Direct synergismE. Indirect synergism
96. A blood sample of a pregnant womanwas typed. Erythrocyte-agglutinationreaction was present with standard sera0α, β(I), Bα(III), reaction was absentwith the serum Aβ(II). The blood underexamination relates to the followinggroup:
Krok 1 Stomatology 2012 11
A. Aβ(II)B. Bα(III)C. 0α, β(I)D. AB(IV )E. -
97. After the second abortion a 23-year-old woman has been diagnosed withtoxoplasmosis. Which drug should be usedfor toxoplasmosis treatment?
A. Co-trimoxazoleB. ItraconazoleC. MebendazoleD. AzidothimidineE. Acyclovir
98. After 4 months of treatment fortuberculosis the patient began complaini-ng of toes and fingers numbness, sensati-on of creeps. He was diagnosed withpolyneuritis. What antituberculous drugmight have caused these complications?
A. IsoniazidB. RifampicinC. CiprofloxacinD. Sodium salt of benzylpenicillinE. Alcohol iodine solution
99. As a result of a trauma apatient hasdeveloped traumatic shock. The patient isfussy, talkative, pale. AP- 140/90 mm Hg,Ps- 120 bpm. This condition is consistentwith the following shock phase:
A. ErectileB. LatentC. TerminalD. TorpidE. -
100. According to the phenotypic di-agnosis a female patient has been provi-sionally diagnosed with X-chromosomepolysomia. This diagnosis can be confi-rmed by a cytogenetic method. Whatkaryotype will allow to confirm the di-agnosis?
A. 47(ХХХ)B. 48(XXXY)C. 48(XXYY)D. 47(XXY)E. 46(XX)
101. As a result of a chest trauma thecostal cartilage was damaged. The carti-lage regenerates due to the following layerof perichondrium:
A. ChondrogenicB. FibrousC. ElasticD. CollagenE. Sharpey’s fibers
102. There is a strict time limit for peopleto stay at a height of 8000 m above sealevel without oxigen cyllinders. Specifythe life-limiting factor in this case:
A. Partial pressure of oxygen in airB. Rate of ultraviolet radiationC. Humidity rateD. TemperatureE. Earth gravity
103. A woman consulted an otolaryngologi-st about an olfactory disorder. Examinati-on revealed atrophic alterations of regioolfactoria of the nasal cavity mucosa.Where is it located?
A. In the region of superior nasal meatusB. In the region of median nasal meatusC. In the region of inferior nasal meatusD. In the region of common nasal meatusE. -
104. A patient with evident pneumosclerosisthat developed after infiltrativepulmonary tuberculosis presents wi-th respiratory failure. What is itspathogenetic type?
A. RestrictiveB. ObstructiveC. DisregulativeD. ReflectoryE. Apneustic
105. Microscopic study of an endocrinegland revealed that its parenchyma consi-sted of follicular structures. Their wall wasformed by monolayer cubic epithelium,and their cavity was filled up with oxyphi-lic substance. What hormon is secreted bythis gland?
A. ThyroxinB. AldosteroneC. CortisolD. ParathyrinE. Oxytocin
106. A patient has been diagnosed withacute glomerulonephritis that developedafter he had had streptococcal infecti-on. It is most likely that the affection ofbasal glomerular membrane is caused byan allergic reaction of the following type:
Krok 1 Stomatology 2012 12
A. Immune complexB. AnaphylacticC. CytotoxicD. DelayedE. Stimulating
107. A sportsman needs to improve hissporting results. He was recommended adrug containing carnitine. What processis activated by this compound in the firstplace?
A. Transport of fatty acidsB. Transport of amino acidsC. Transport of calcium ionsD. Transport of glucoseE. Transport of vitamin K
108. An embryon has signs of disturbedprocess of dorsal mesoderm segmentati-on and somite generation. What part ofskin is most likely to have developmentalabnormalities?
A. DermaB. HairC. Sebaceous glandsD. EpidermisE. Sudoriferous glands
109. An elderly patient has chronicconstipations induced by large intestinehypotonia. What drug should be admini-stered?
A. BisacodylB. Sodium sulphateC. Castor oilD. AtropineE. Novocaine amide
110. Morphological examination ofan amputated gangrenous extremityrevealed that the lumen of femoralartery was constricted due to stony,partly ulcerated plaques with obturati-ng thrombi. What is the most likely di-agnosis?
A. AtherosclerosisB. Obliterating endartheriitisC. Non-specific aortoartheriitisD. Obliterating thromboangiitisE. Nodular periarthritis
111. Examination of patients with peri-odontitis revealed the interdependencebetween the rate of affection of peri-odontal tissues and the amount oflysozymes in saliva and gingival liquid.These results can be obtained duringstudying the following protection systemof an organism:
A. Non-specific resistanceB. Humoral immunityC. Cellular immunityD. AutoresponsivenessE. Tolerance
112. Specific prophylaxis involved appli-cation of a vaccine containing mi-croorganisms and exotoxin detoxicated byformalin. It relates to the following typeof vaccine:
A. CombinedB. Genetically engineeredC. AnatoxinD. ChemicalE. Live
113. A 30-year-old driver complains ofallergic rhinitis that usually excerbates inspring. He has been administered an anti-histamine drug with a slight sedative effectand 24-hour period of action. Which of thelisted drugs has been administered?
A. LoratadineB. DimedrolC. HeparinD. VicasolE. Oxytocin
114. A patient consulted an otolaryngologi-st about voice changes. Examinationrevealed a tumour within the posteriorpart of rima vocalis. This part is locatedbetween the following cartilages of larynx:
115. After restoration of blood circulati-on in damaged tissue accumulation oflactate comes to a stop and speed ofglucose consumption slows down. Thesemetabolic changes are caused by activati-on of the following process:
A. Aerobic glycolysisB. Anaerobic glycolysisC. LipolysisD. GluconeogenesisE. Glycogen biosynthesis
116. A patient with epilepsy and depressi-ve reaction has been administered a drugthat reduced epilepsy manifestations andimproved the patient’s psychic condition.
Krok 1 Stomatology 2012 13
A. Sodium valproateB. EthosuxemideC. AmitriptylineD. PhenytoinE. Phenobarbital
117. To prevent possible negative effectupon the gastric mucsa a patient withrheumatoid arthritis was administered anonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug - aCOX-2 selective inhibitor. Specify thisdrug:
A. CelecoxibB. AnalgineC. Acetylsalicinic acidD. ButadionE. Ibuprofen
118. As a result of dysfunction of proteinsynthesis in liver a patient with hepaticinsufficiency has disturbed synthesis ofprocoagulants, prothrombin, fibrinogen.Which of the listed syndromes can beexpected in this patient?
119. A patient suffering from non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was prescri-bed glibenclamid internally. What is themechanism of its hypoglycemic action?
A. It stimulates generation of endogenousinsulin by beta cellsB. It inhibits gluconeogenesis in liverC. It intensifies utilization of glucose byperipheral tissuesD. It inhibits glucose absorption in thebowelsE. It inhibits alpha glucosidase andpolysaccharide breakdown
120. A man got poisoned withmushrooms. They contain muscarine thatstimulates muscarinic cholinoreceptors.What symptom is typical for poisoningwith inedible mushrooms?
121. A 45-year-old woman has beendiagnosed with endemic goiter. Whatmechanism has caused hyperplasia ofthyroid gland in this patient?
A. Increased thyrotropin productionB. Increased thyroxine productionC. Increased iodine absorptionD. Increased hydration of derma andhypodermic celluloseE. Increased catecholamine production
122. On examination a male patient wasdiagnosed with acute radiation dsease.Laboratory examination revealed abruptdecrease in serotonin found in bloodplatelets. A likely cause of decreasein serotonin concentration would bemetabolic imbalance of the followingsubstance:
A. 5-oxytryptophaneB. TyrosineC. HistidineD. Phenyl alanineE. Serine
123. A 39-year-old man who had beenoperated for the stomach ulcer died 7 daysafter the surgery. Autopsy revealed thatperitoneal leaves were dull, plephoric,covered with massive yellow-greenish fi-lms, the peritoneal cavity contained forabout 300 ml of thick yellow-greenishliquid. What pathologic process wasrevealed in the peritoneal cavity?
124. A patient was delivered to a hospi-tal after having been exposed to ioni-zing radiation. He presents with vomi-ting, anorexia, pain in different regionof abdomen, bloody feces, elevation ofbody temperature, inertness. Such clinicalpresentations are typical for the followingform of acute radiation disease:
A. IntestinalB. Bone-marrowC. CerebralD. CombinedE. Toxemic
125. A 60-year-old patient was foundto have a dysfunction of main digesti-ve enzyme of saliva. This causes the di-sturbance of primary hydrolysis of:
Krok 1 Stomatology 2012 14
A. CarbohydratesB. FatsC. ProteinsD. CelluloseE. Lactose
126. For infection prevention a pati-ent who underwent appendectomy wasprescribed a cephalosporin antibiotic.Antimicrobial activity of these antibioti-cs is called forth by the disturbance of thefollowing process:
A. Microbial wall formationB. Nucleic acid synthesisC. Ribosomal protein synthesisD. Energy metabolismE. Cholinesterase block
127. A patient presented to a hospital wi-th complaints about quick fatigability andsignificant muscle weakness. Examinati-on revealed an autoimmune disease thatcauses functional disorder of receptorsin the neuromuscular synapses. This wi-ll result in the disturbed activity of thefollowing mediator:
A. AcetylcholineB. NoradrenalineC. DopamineD. SerotoninE. Glycine
128. Microscopic examination of aparenchymatous organ revealed that itsepithelial cords formed glomerular, fasci-cular and reticular zones. The central partof the organ was presented by accumulati-ons of chromaffin cells. Specify this organ:
A. Adrenal glandB. Thyroid glandC. EpiphysisD. LiverE. Hypophysis
129. A child presents with body shortness,mental deficiency, mongoloid palpebral fi-ssures, epicanthal fold, enlarged groovedtongue protruding from the mouth, highpalate, maldentition, diastema, cross stri-ation of lips. What hereditary disease arethese presentations typical for?
A. Down syndromeB. Patau’s syndromeC. Edwards’ syndromeD. Turner’s syndromeE. Klinefelter’s syndrome
130. A patient has roundish ulcers on hisface, inflammation and enlargement of
lymph nodes. These symptoms turned upas a result of mosquito bites. Laboratoryexamination of discharge from the ulcersrevealed unicellular aflagellar organisms.What is the most probable diagnosis?
A. Dermatotropic leishmaniasisB. ToxoplasmosisC. ScabiesD. TrypanosomiasisE. Myasis
131. A 67-year-old patient underwentextraction of a tumour of the rightparotid region. Macroscopical examinati-on revealed a soft encapsulated nodeup to 35 cm in diameter, the tissue waswhitish-grey and included many smallcysts. Microscopical examination revealedthat the duct structures of large diameterwere lined with bilayer prismatic epi-thelium, they had eosinophilic cytoplasm,the duct lumens contained papillarystructures, the stroma was infiltrated wi-th lymphocytes, there were some soli-tary lymphoid follicles. Specify the kindof tumour:
A. AdenolymphomaB. Pleomorphic adenomaC. Mucoepidermal tumourD. Monomorphic carcinomaE. Adenocystic carcinoma
132. A histological specimen shows termi-nal secretory parts of glands made byconic cells with basophilic cytoplasm anda roundish nucleus in the centre. Specifythe type of terminal secretory parts by thetype of secretion:
A. SerousB. SebaceousC. CombinedD. MucousE. Seromucous
133. An electron microphotograph of anenamel organ shows a prismatic cell withdeveloped granular endoplasmatic reti-culum and Golgi complex. The apical partof the cell has Tomes process containi-ng secretory granules and small vesicles.Specify the cell:
A. Secretory active enameloblastB. Pre-enameloblastC. External cell of an enamel organD. Cell of enamel organ pulpE. Cell of intermediate layer of enamelorgan
134. Harmful stimulations of tooth ti-
Krok 1 Stomatology 2012 15
ssues resulted in formation of denti-cle structures along the peripheral zoneof pulp. This phenomenon induces thefollowing risk for the tooth:
A. Loss of dentine regenerabilityB. Loss of pulp regenerabilityC. Loss of cement regenerabilityD. Loss of tooth innervationE. Loss of enamel regenerability
135. Autopsy of a 75-year-old patientwho had been suffering from dissemi-nated atherosclerosis and died underchronic cardiac failure revealed constricti-on and deformation of coronary arteries,tuberous intima whose section appearedto be white and petrosal. Specify the stageof atherosclerosis morphogenesis:
A. AtherocalcinosisB. LipoidosisC. LiposclerosisD. BilipidE. Atheromatosis
136. Examination of a bronchial ti-ssue sample revealed atrophy of mucousmembrane, cystic degeneration of glands,focal metaplastic changes of lining pri-smatic epithelial cells into multilayersquamous cells; increase in goblet cellnumber; in some parts of bronchial walland especially in the mucous membranethere was marked cellular inflammatoryinfiltration and growth of granulation ti-ssue bulging into the bronchial lumen inform of a polyp. What is the most likelydiagnosis?
A. Chronic bronchitisB. Lobar pneumoniaC. Acute bronchitisD. BronchopneumoniaE. Interstitial pneumonia
137. In the process of tooth tissue hi-stogenesis dentin wasn’t formed in timefor some reasons. What process of furtherhistogenesis will be delayed or will nottake place at all?
A. Enamel formationB. Pulp formationC. Predentinal space formationD. Cellular cement formationE. Acellular cement formation
138. Osteolaterism is charcterized by adecrease in collagen strength caused bymuch less intensive formation of cross-links in collagen fibrils. This phenomenonis caused by the low activity of the followi-
ng enzyme:
A. Lysyl oxidaseB. Monoamino-oxidaseC. Prolyl hydroxylaseD. Lysyl hydroxylaseE. Collagenase
139. A child with renal insufficiency exhi-bits delayed teeth eruption. This is mostlikely caused by the abnormal formationof the following substance:
A. 1,25 (OH)2D3
B. GlycocyamineC. GlutamateD. α-ketoglutarateE. Hydroxylysine
140. A histological specimen of ovarycortex shows a follicle with a large cavi-ty. The first-order ovocyte is located inthe region of cumulus oophorus, it issurrounded by transparent zone and radi-ate crown. Specify the type of follicle:
A. TertiaryB. SecondaryC. PrimaryD. AtertiaryE. Primordial
141. A histological specimen of ki-dney shows a structure consisting of aglomerulus of fenestrated capillaries anda bilayer epithelial capsule. Specify thisstructure:
142. A 12-year-old child presents wi-th intolerance to some foodstuffs. Theirconsumption causes an allergic reaction inform of itching skin eruption. What anti-histaminic drug should be administeredthat won’t have any negative impact onthe child’s school studies (with no sleepi-ness effect)?
A. LoratadineB. DimedrolC. Sodium diclofenacD. AminophyllineE. Mesatonum
143. In the second week of being ill witviral hepatitis a patient presented withsleep disorder, headache, aggressiveness,unbearable skin itch. Objectively: AP
Krok 1 Stomatology 2012 16
drop, decrease in blood coagulation andreflectory activity, bradycardia. What isthe cause of these changes?
A. CholemiaB. HyperlipemiaC. UrobilinemiaD. HypercholesterolemiaE. Stercobilinemia
144. As a result of a road accident a 26-year-old man is in the torpid phase ofshock. Blood count: leukocytes - 3, 2 ·109/l. What is the leading mechanism ofleukopenia development?
A. Leukocyte redistribution in thebloodstreamB. Leukopoiesis inhibitionC. Faulty release of mature leukocytesfrom the bone marrow into the bloodD. Leukocyte destruction in the hematopi-etic organsE. Increased excretion of the leukocytesfrom the organism
145. A 5-month-old boy was hospitali-zed for tonic convulsions. He has a life-time history of this disease. Examinationrevealed coarse hair, thinned and fragilenails, pale and dry skin. In blood: calci-um - 1,5 millimole/l, phosphor - 1,9 milli-mole/l. These changes are associated with:
A. HypoparathyroidismB. HyperparathyroidismC. HyperaldosteronismD. HypoaldosteronismE. Hypothyroidism
146. A 46-year-old female patient needsa surgery in the maxillofacial region. Itis known that the patient is disposed toincreased hemocoagulation. What naturalanticoagulant can be used in order toprevent thrombosis?
A. HeparinB. HirudinC. Sodium citrateD. FibrinolysinE. None of the listed drugs
147. A sample taken from the pharynx ofa patient with angina was inoculated onthe blood-tellurite agar. This resulted ingrowth of grey, radially striated (in formof rosettes) colonies up to 4-5 mm in di-ameter. Microscopically there can be seengram-positive rods with club-shaped endsarranged in form of spread fingers. Whatmicroorganisms are these?
A. Corynebacteria diphtheriaeB. Clostridium botulinumC. DiphtheroidsD. StreptococciE. Streptobacilli
148. Cytogenetic examination of a pati-ent with dysfunction of the reproductivesystem revealed normal karyotype 46,ХУin some cells, but most cells have Kli-nefelter’s syndrome karyotype - 47,ХХУ.Such phenomenon of cell inhomogeneityis called:
A. MosaicismB. InversionC. TranspositionD. DuplicationE. Heterogeneity
149. An oncological patient had beenadministered methotrexate. With timetarget cells of the tumour lost sensitivity tothis drug. At the same time the change ingene expression of the following enzymeis observed:
A. Dehydropholate reductaseB. ThiaminaseC. DeaminaseD. Pholate oxidaseE. Pholate decarboxylase
150. Autopsy revealed that the upper lobeof the right lung was enlarged, grey, ai-rless; surface of incision was dripping wi-th turbid liquid; pleura had a lot of fi-brinous plicae. Microscopical examinati-on of alveoles revealed exudate containi-ng neutrophils, desquamated alveolocytesand fibrin fibres. Bronchus wall was intact.What is the most probable diagnosis?
151. A patient underwent the extracti-on of his isuperior medial incisor. It issupplied with blood by the branches ofthe following artery:
A. A.infraorbitalisB. A.buccalisC. A.palatina descendensD. A.sphenopalatinaE. A.alveolaris inferior
152. A 35-year-old patient with chronicperiodontitis underwent excision of acyst 3 cm in diameter found at a root of
Krok 1 Stomatology 2012 17
the 15th tooth. Histological examinati-on revealed that it had thin wall formedby mature connective tissue infiltratedby lymphocytes and plasmatic cells. Itsinternal surface was lined with multi-layer pavement epithelium with no si-gns of keratinization; the cavity containedserous exudate. What is the most likely di-agnosis?
A. Radicular cystB. Follicular cystC. Primordial cystD. CherubismE. Follicular ameloblastoma
153. Histological examination ofmyocardium of a 47-year-old patient withrheumatic heart disease (section material)revealed some big visually empty vacuoleswithin the cardiomyocytes. They turnblack when stained with osmic acid, andyellow-red when stained with sudan III.What pathological process is it?
A. Adipose degenerationB. Hyaline drop degenerationC. Hydropic degenerationD. Carbohydrate degenerationE. Dysproteinosis
154. A patient consulted a dentist aboutitching and burning in the oral cavity; hightemperature. The patient was diagnosedwith trichomonal gingivostomatitis. Whatdrug should be chosen for his treatment?
A. MetronidazoleB. AmpicillinC. Doxycycline hydrochlorideD. Gentamicin sulfateE. Nystatin
155. Examination of a patient revealedthat dental hypoplasia was caused byhypovitaminosis of vitamins A andD. These vitamins were administeredperorally but they didn’t have any medici-nal effect. What is the probable cause ofdisturbed vitamin assimilation?
A. Bile acid deficiencyB. HypochlorhydriaC. HyperchlorhydriaD. AchyliaE. Achlorhydria
156. A 20-year-old patient has multipleyellow-brown and black erosions of toothenamel. The teeth crumble and break,some of them are decayed. Make a di-agnosis:
A. FluorosisB. Deep cariesC. Teeth erosionD. Acidic necrosis of teethE. -
157. A patient suffering form stomatitiswas prescribed oral rinsing. Which anti-septic from the oxidant group is the mostsuitable for this purpose?
158. In the course of evolution thereappeared molecular mechanisms forcorrection of damaged DNA molecules.This process is called:
A. ReparationB. TranscriptionC. TranslationD. ReplicationE. Processing
159. When water affects mucousmembrane of the inferior nasal meatuses,this causes "diver reflex"that provokes:
A. Reflectory apneaB. Reflectrory dyspneaC. Reflectory hyperpneaD. CoughE. Bronchospasm
160. A 42-year-old woman has been admi-nistered propranolol for the ischemicheart disease. Yet she has been found tohave a disease in case of which the use ofpropranolol is contra-indicated. What di-sease is it?
A. Bronchial asthmaB. CholecystitisC. Arterial hypertensionD. Duodenal ulcerE. Myasthenia
161. Deficiency of linoleic and linolenicacids in an organism induces skindamages, hair loss, slow wound heali-ng, thrombocytopenia, low resistance toinfectious diseases. These symptoms aremost likely to be caused by the disturbedsynthesis of the following substances:
Krok 1 Stomatology 2012 18
A. EicosanoidsB. InterleukinsC. InterferonsD. CatecholaminesE. Corticosteroids
162. A man got into ice-cold water and di-ed soon as a result of abrupt exposure tocold. In such cases an organism loses heatmost intensively by the way of:
A. Heat conductionB. RadiationC. ConvectionD. Heat conduction and radiationE. -
163. A woman had taken synthetichormones during her pregnancy. Hernewborn girl presents with excessive hai-riness which has formal resemblance toadrenogenital syndrome. This sign of vari-ability is called:
A. PhenocopyB. MutationC. RecombinationD. HeterosisE. Replication
164. Microelectrode technique allowedto register a potential following"all-or-none"law and being able ofundecremental spreading. Specify thispotential:
165. A patient has been diagnosed withtransmural myocardial infarction. Whatdrug should be given in order to preventcardiogenic shock?
A. PromedolB. ReserpinC. OctadineD. PhentolamineE. Analgin
166. A woman with A (II), Rh-negativeblood had a child with B (III), Rh-positiveblood. The child was diagnosed withcongenital anaemia of newborns. What isthe most likely cause of its development?
167. Skin of patients with pigmentxeroderma is very sensitive to thesun radiation, there is a risk of skincancer development. The reason forthis is hereditary deficiency of UF-endonuclease. As a result of this defectthe following process is disturbed:
A. DNA reparationB. TranscriptionC. DNA replicationD. TranslationE. Initiation
168. After a surgery on thyroid gland apatient complains of hoarse voice. Whatnerve has been damaged during thesurgery?
A. N. laryngeus reccurensB. N. laryngeus superiorC. N. glossopharyngeusD. N. hypoglossusE. N. accessorius
169. A group of students who were cli-mbing up a mountain presented witheuphoria, tachypnea, tachycardia. Speci-fy the immediate reason for hypocapniaaccompanying mountain sickness:
A. Increase in respiration rate and depthB. Decrease in respiration depthC. ErythrocytosisD. AnaemiaE. Increase in heart rate
170. Examination of a patient revealedII grade obesity. It is known that heconsumes a lot of sweets and rich food,has sedentary way of life. That’s whyanabolic metabolism has the priority inhis organism. Which of the followingpathways is amphibolic?
A. Cycle of tricarboxylic acidsB. GlyconeogenesisC. LipolysisD. GlycolysisE. Fatty acids oxidation
171. A few days before an operation apatient should be administered vitaminK or its synthetic analogue Vicasol. Vi-tamin K takes part in the following post-translational modification of the II, VII,IX, X blood clotting factors:
Krok 1 Stomatology 2012 19
A. CarboxylationB. DecarboxylationC. DeaminationD. TransaminationE. Glycosylation
172. A patient who abuses smoking haschronic bronchitis. Biopsy of his primarybronchus revealed multilayer pavementepithelium. What pathological processwas revealed in the bronchus?
A. MetaplasiaB. Physiological regenerationC. Reparative regenerationD. HyperplasiaE. Dysplasia
173. A 67-year-old patient complains ofperiodic heart ache, dyspnea during lightphysical activities. ECG reveals extraordi-nary contractions of heart ventricles. Sucharrhythmia is called:
A. ExtrasystoleB. BradycardiaC. TachycardiaD. FlutterE. Fibrillation
174. A patient with ischemic heart diseasehas been administered an anti-anginaldrug that reduces the myocardial oxygenconsumption and improves blood supplyof myocardium. What drug is it?
A. NitroglycerineB. ValidolC. PropranololD. PromedolE. Retabolil
175. There was a record of some anthraxcases among animals in a countryside.The spread of disease can be preventedby means of immunization. What kind ofvaccine should be used?
A. STI live vaccineB. BCG vaccineC. Salk vaccineD. Sabin’s vaccineE. Diphteria and tetanus toxoids andpertussis vaccine
176. An infectious disease unit admitted apatient with signs of jaundice caused byhepatitis virus. Select an indicator that isspecific only for parenchymatous jaundi-ce:
A. Increase in ALT and AST rateB. HyperbilirubinemiaC. BilirubinuriaD. CholaemiaE. Urobilinuria
177. A patient presents with dysfuncti-on of cerebral cortex accompanied byepileptic seizures. He has been admini-stered a biogenic amine synthetized fromglutamate and responsible for centralinhibition. What substance is it?
A. Gamma-amino butyric acidB. SerotoninC. DopamineD. AcetylcholineE. Histamine
178. Toxic affection of liver results indysfunction of protein synthesis. It isusually accompanied by the following ki-nd of dysproteinemia:
A. Absolute hypoproteinemiaB. Relative hypoproteinemiaC. Absolute hyperproteinemiaD. Relative hyperproteinemiaE. Paraproteinemia
179. Examination of duodenal contentsrevealed some pyriform protozoa withtwin nuclei and four pairs of flagella.There were two supporting filamentsbetween the nuclei and a suctorial discon the ventral side. What representativeof protozoa was revealed in this patient?
A. LambliaB. ToxoplasmaC. LeishmaniaD. Intestinal trichomonadE. Trypanosome
180. A patient complains of difficulty inclosing of jaws during chewing. He hasbeen found to have atrophy of masticatorymuscles. This indicates the dysfunction ofthe following nerve:
A. N. trigeminusB. N. glossopharyngeusC. N. facialisD. N. vagusE. N. ophthalmicus
181. A 30-year-old comatous patient withtype I diabetes mellitus had been admittedto a hospital. Laboratory tests revealedhyperglycemia, ketonemia. Which of thefollowing metabolic disorders might befound in this patient?
Krok 1 Stomatology 2012 20
A. Metabolic acidosisB. Metabolic alkalosisC. Respiratory acidosisD. Respiratory alkalosisE. Normal acid-base state
182. In order to prevent wound infectionassociated with surgical procedures a pati-ent was given a synthetic antiprotozoandrug with a high activity against Heli-cobacter pylori. Specify this drug:
A. MetronidazoleB. Doxycycline hydrochlorideC. ChingaminD. AcyclovirE. Isoniazid
183. In order to prevent massivehaemorrhage in the region of oral cavi-ty floor it is required to ligate an arterywhich is located within Pirogov’s triangle.What artery is it?
A. Lingual arteryB. Superior thyroid arteryC. Facial arteryD. Ascending pharyngeal arteryE. Maxillary artery
184. A shepherd who has tendedsheep together with dogs consulted adoctor about pain in his right subcostalarea, nausea, vomiting. Roentgenoscopyrevealed a tumour-like formation. Whatkind of helminthiasis might be suspected?
A. EchinococcosisB. AscaridiasisC. EnterobiasisD. TaeniarhynchosisE. Taeniasis
185. Roentgenologically confirmedobstruction of common bile duct resultedin preventing bile from inflowing to theduodenum. What process is likely to bedisturbed?
A. Fat emulgationB. Protein absorptionC. Carbohydrate hydrolysisD. Hydrochloric acid secretion in stomachE. Salivation inhibition
186. For relief of hypertensive crisis adoctor administered a patient a drugthat apart from antihypertensive effecthas also sedative, spasmolytic and anti-convulsive effect. The drug was takenparenterally. When it is taken enterallyit acts as a laxative and cholagogue. Whatdrug was administered?
A. Magnesium sulfateB. DibasolumC. ReserpineD. No-spaE. Apressin
187. A patient with chronic bronchitis hasbeen administered an expectorant that di-sintegrates disulphide bonds of sputumglycosaminoglycan thus reducing its vi-scosity. The patient has been also warnedabout possible bronchospasm. What drughas been administered?
A. AcetylcysteineB. LibxineC. BromhexineD. Thermopsis herbE. Sodium hydrocarbonate
188. A patient with diabetes mellituscomplicated by angiopathy has beenrecommended a drug which is a sulphonylurease derivate of the second generati-on. It improves microcirculation and isknown for its relatively good tolerance.What drug is it?
A. GlibenclamideB. GlibutidumC. InsulinD. AcarboseE. Adrenalin
189. A patient in grave condition hasbeen deliveredf to the admission ward.Examination revealed pupil mydriasis,no reaction to the light, considerablereddening and dryness of skin and mucousmembranes. What drug might havecaused the intoxication symptoms?
A. Atropine sulphateB. ProserinC. Adrenalin hydrochlorideD. Pilocarpine hydrochlorideE. Dithylinum
190. A cell of granular endoplasmatic reti-culum is at the stage of translation, whenmRNA advances to the ribosomes. Ami-no acids get bound by peptide bonds in acertain sequence thus causing polypeptidebiosynthesis. The sequence of amino aci-ds in a polypeptide corresponds with thesequence of:
191. A 26-year-old pregnant woman isunder treatment at an in-patient hospi-tal. After a continuous attack of vomitingshe was found to have reduced volume ofcirculating blood. What kind of change ingeneral blood volume is the case?
192. A 32-year-old patient who livesin the countryside consulted a doctorabout a painful swelling and a fistula inthe submandibular region. Examinationrevealed an infiltration with a fistula di-scharging thick pus and containing whitegranules. On dissection the infiltration ti-ssues turned out to be dense, yellow-greenand had honeycomb structure because ofmultiple abscesses. What is the most likelydiagnosis?
A. ActinomycosisB. TuberculosisC. LepraD. SyphilisE. Submandibular abscess
193. A 45-year-old male died from di-sseminated tuberculosis. On autopsy thesymptoms of tuberculosis were confirmedby both microscopical and histologicalanalyses. All the affected organs hadepithelioid cell granulomas with caseousnecrosis in the centre. What kind ofhypersensitivity reaction underlies theprocess of granuloma development?
A. DelayedB. Antibody-dependent cytotoxicityC. Complement-dependent cytotoxicityD. AnaphylacticE. Immune complex
194. A patient with a fracture of mandi-bular angle has been admitted to a hospi-tal. A haematoma in the region of thefracture usually results from the injury ofthe following artery:
A. Inferior alveolarB. LingualC. FacialD. MaxillaryE. Internal carotid
195. Preventive examination of a 55-year-old patient revealed type II diabetesmellitus. An endocrinologist revealedan increase in body weight and liver
enlargement. The man is non-smokerand doesn’t abuse alcohol but likes tohave a good meal. Histological exami-nation by means of diagnostic liverpuncture revealed that the hepatocyteswere enlarged mostly on the lobule peri-phery, their cytoplasm had transparentvacuoles showing positive reaction wi-th sudan III. What liver pathology wasrevealed?
196. An oral surgery unit admitted awoman with a phlegmon on the anteriorsurface of neck in the region of carotidtriangle. What muscle demarcates theposterior wall of this triangle?
A. SternocleidomastoidB. ThyrohyoidC. SternohyoidD. OmohyoidE. Sternothyroid
197. In order to fix dislocated mandi-ble it is necessary to pull it down. Whatanatomic structure requires this action?
A. Articulate tubercule of temporal boneB. Condylar process of mandibleC. Mandibular fossa of temporal boneD. Mandibular incisureE. Coronal process of mandible
198. A worker of a cattle farm consulted asurgeon about fever up to 40oC, headache,weakness. Objective examination of hisback revealed hyperaemia and a darkred infiltration up to 5 cm in diameterwith black bottom in the centre andsome pustules. What disease are thesepresentations typical for?
A. AnthraxB. PlaqueC. TularemiaD. FuruncleE. Abscess
199. After a car accident a patient hasbeen diagnosed with a fracture of spine.He is unable to move his lower extremiti-es. This form of motor disorder is called:
Krok 1 Stomatology 2012 22
A. ParaplegiaB. HemiplegiaC. QuadriplegiaD. ParesisE. Paralysis
200. In course of an experimentresearchers stimulate a branch of asympathetic nerve that innervates heart.
What changes in cardiac activity shouldbe registered?
A. Increase in heart rate and heart forceB. Decrease in heart forceC. Increase in heart rateD. Increase in heart forceE. Increase in arterial pressure
