ckl fmf¾rd wd¾Ól úoHdj ksIamdok msrjeh úIYaf,aIKh ^ 1 fldgi &

1

ksIamdok msßjeh úYaf,aIKh

ksIamdok msrsjeh jQ l,s ksIamdok l%shdj,sfhau ixisoaqOshls . ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha iajrEm fldgia

folls.

1. flá ld,Sk ksIamdok msßjeh.

2. os.= ld,Sk ksIamdok msßjeh .

flá ld,Sk ksIamdok msßjeh.

flá ld,Sk ksIamdok l%shdj,sh ;=< ia:djr fhojqï yd úp,H fhojquï hk foj¾.hu we;=<;aj

mj;sk ksid flá ld,fha oS fhojqï j¾. folls.

1. uq¿ ia:djr msßjeh. (TFC)

2. uq¿ úp,H msßjeh. (TVC)

fuu msßjeh j¾. foflys tl;=fjka flá ld,Sk uq¿ msßjeh ,efí . fuu msßjeh ;;a;ajhkag

w;sf¾lj flá ld,Sk ksIamdok msßjeh wdY%s;j yÿkd.; yels ;j;a msßjeh ixl,am lsysmhls .

idudkH ia:djr msßjeh idudkH úp,H msßjeh

idudkH uq¿ msßjeh wdka;sl msßjeh

fï wkqj ksIamdok l%shdj,sfhaoS Ndú;djk ksIamdok msßjeh ixl,am folls.

uq¿ msßjeh ixl,am

idudkH msßjeh ixl,am

wOHhk fmdÿ iy;sl m;% Wiia fm< wd¾Ól úoHdj

12 fY%aKsh

ksIamdok l%shdj,dfhaoS msßjeh yeisfrk wdldrh úYaf,aIKh lrhs .

4 . 3 tallh 1 fldgi

ckl fmf¾rd wd¾Ól úoHdj ksIamdok msrjeh úIYaf,aIKh ^ 1 fldgi &

2

ksIamdok l%shdj,sfhaoS Ndú;djk uq¿ msßjeh ixl,am

1. uq¿ ia:djr msßjeh. (TFC)

2. uq¿ úp,H msßjeh. (TVC)

3.uq¿ msßjeh ( TC )

ksIamdok l%shdj,sfhaoS Ndú;djk wdka;sl yd idudkh msßjeh ixl,am

1. idudkH ia:djr msßjeh. (aFC)

2. idudkH úp,H msßjeh. (AVC)

3. idudkH uq¿ msßjeh (ATC)

4. wdka;sl msßjeh ( MC )

flá ld,Sk ksIamdok msßjefhys uQ,sldx.hka lsysmhla ksIamdok rgdjg wkqj my; ixLHd f,alKfhka fmkakqï flf¾

kssujqu tall uq¿ ia:djr msßjeh

(TFC)

uq¿ úp,h msßjeh

(TVC) uq¿ msßjeh (TC)

0 40 0 40

1 40 40 80

2 40 70 110

3 40 92 132

4 40 107 147

5 40 117 157

6 40 127 167

7 40 142 182

8 40 164 204

9 40 194 234

10 40 234 274

ckl fmf¾rd wd¾Ól úoHdj ksIamdok msrjeh úIYaf,aIKh ^ 1 fldgi &

3

1. uq¿ ia:djr msßjeh. (TFC)

zzksIamdok l%shdj,shg iïnkaO lr.kq ,nk ia:djr idOl ioyd orKq ,nk msßjeh ia:djr

msßjeh fõZZ (TFC).

fuu ia:djr msßjeh ksujqï m%udKh iu`. fjkia fkdfõ . tkï ksujqu uÜgu iu`. uq¿ ia:djr

msßjeh iïnkaOhla fkdfmkajhs .tfkau ksujqu Y+kH w.hla .kq ,enqjo ia:djr msßjeh wjYHfhkau oeÍug wdh;khg isÿ fõ . fï ksid flÜ ld,fhaoS uq¿ ia:djr msßjeh fkdje,elaúh yels msßjehla fõ .ksujqfuka iajdh;a; msßjehla f,io fuh i<lhs .

ia:djr msßjeh iukaú;jk ixrpl

1 l%u laIh .dia;=

2 foam< nÿ

3 rlaIK jdßl

4 n,m;% .dia;=

5 m%d.aOkh ioyd fmd<S f.ùï

6 fldka;%d;a moku u; nojd .;a l<uKdlrejkag yd wëlaIlhkag f.jkq ,nk jegqma

7 m%udKsl ,dN

;d¾lsl ksIamdolfhl= flá ld,Sk kIamdok ;SrK .ekSfïoS ia:djr msßjeh fkdi,ld yÍ. ulaksido h;a th oekgu;a ord we;s hgl< msßjehla neúKs .

(TFC).

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

(Q)

40 TFC

ckl fmf¾rd wd¾Ól úoHdj ksIamdok msrjeh úIYaf,aIKh ^ 1 fldgi &

4

ia:djr msßjefhka wdrïN ù ;sria wlaIhg iudka;rj .uka lrhs . thg fya;=j ia:djr

msßjeh ksujqï uÜgu iu`. fjkia fkdjk ksihs.

2. uq¿ úp,H msßjeh. (TVC)

zzuq¿ úp,H msßjeh hkq , ksujqï uÜgu iu`. Fjkia jk msßjehhsZZ .

ke;fyd;a

zzish¨u úp,H fhojqï ioyd orKq ,nk msßjehhsZZ .

ksujqu jeäjk úg uq¿ úp,h msßjeh jeäjk w;r uq¿ ksujqu wvq lrk úg úp,h msßjeh wvq

fõ . ksujqu Y+kh uÜgfï oS úp,H msßjeho Y+kH fõ .

úp,H msßjefha ixrpl

1 wuqøjH

2 bkaOk

3 Y%uh

TVC

250

225

200

175

150

125

100

75

50

25

0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Q

TVC

ckl fmf¾rd wd¾Ól úoHdj ksIamdok msrjeh úIYaf,aIKh ^ 1 fldgi &

5

ksujqu jeäjk úg úp,H msßjeh jeä ùfï fõ.h úúO ksujqï uÜgï w;roS fjkila we;s fõ .

fï wkqj ksujqu Y+kHfha oS Y+kH w.hla .kakd uq¿ úp,H msßjeh ksujqu my, uÜgï j,oS wvq

fõ.hlska jeä ù , ksujqu by< uÜgïj,oS jeäjk fõ.hlska by< hhs. thg fya;=j ySkjk

wdka;sl M,odhS;d kS;shhs.

3.uq¿ msßjeh ( TC )

zzuq¿ msßjeh hkq , lsishï ;dlaIKsl uÜgula yd idOl ñ, moaO;hla hgf;a lsishï ksujqula

ksmo ùug hkq uq¿ ksujqu fõ ZZ.

flá ld,fha oS wdh;khl uq¿ msßjeh uq¿ ia:djr msßjeh yd uq¿ úp,H msßjeh hk foflys tl;=jg iudk fõ .

uq¿ msßjeh = uq¿ ia:djr msßjeh ¬ uq¿ úp,H msßjeh .

TC = TFC + TVC

TVC

300

275

250

225

200

175

150

125

100

75

50

25

0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Q

TVC

TC

TFC

TFC = 403

TFC = 403

70

110

TVC yd TC w;r ÿr4

TC ÿr4

ckl fmf¾rd wd¾Ól úoHdj ksIamdok msrjeh úIYaf,aIKh ^ 1 fldgi &

6

uq¿ msßjeh yd uq¿ ia:djr msßjeh iy uq¿ úp,H msßjeh iïnkaO;dj úYaf,aIKh .

1.ksujqu Y++kH jqjo uq¿ msßjehla mej;Su

fya;=jY+kH ksujquloS uq¿ úp,H msßjeh Y+kH jqjo ia:djr msßjehla mej;Su ksid uq¿ msßjeh jl%h wdrïN jkafka ia:djr msßjefha w.hg iudk w.hlska ùu

2. ksujqu l5ufhka jeä lsÍfï oS uq¿ ksujqu my< ksujqï uÜgï j,oS wvq jk fõ.hlska iy by< ksujqï uÜgïj,oS jeäjk fõ.hlska by< hdu.

thg fya;=j flá ld,Sk ksIamdok l%shdj,sfhaoS ksujqu jeäjk úg uq¿ ia:djr msßjeh fkdfjkiaj mj;soaoS uq¿ sp,H msßjeh muKla fjkiajk ksid uq¿ msßje fjkia ùulg n,mdkafka

uq¿ úp,H msßjefha fjki ùuhs . fï ksid uq¿ msßjeh jl%fha yevh uq¿ úp,H msßjeh jl%fha yevhg iurEmS fõ

3. rEm igyfkys uq¿ msßjeh jl%fha (TC) yd uq¿ úp,H msßjeh jl%h (TVC) w;r ,ïN jk

´kEu ÿrlg uq¿ ia:djr msßjeh jl%fha (TFC) w.h iudk fõ .

4. (TFC)w.h;a (TC) yd (TVC) w;r ,ïN ÿr;a tl;= ùfuka (TC) jl%h ,efí .

ckl fmf¾rd wd¾Ól úoHdj ksIamdok msrjeh úIYaf,aIKh ^ 1 fldgi &

7

ksIamdok l%shdj,sfhaoS Ndú;djk wdka;sl yd idudkh msßjeh ixl,am

01 idudkH ia:djr msßjeh. (aFC)

zzksujqï tallhlg orK ia:djr msrsjeh idudkH ia:djr mßsjehhsZz.

uq¿ ia:djr msßjeh ksujqï tall m%udKfhka fnoSfuka idudkH ia:djr msßjeh ,nd.kS .

(Q)

tall

(TFC) uq¿

ia:djr msßjeh

re.

(TVC) uq¿

úp,H

msßjeh.

re.

(TC) uq¿

msßjeh

re.

(AFC) idudkH ia:djr

msßjeh.

re.

(AVC) idudkH úp,H msßjeh

re.

(AtC) idudkH msßjeh

re.

(MC) wdka;sl msßjeh

re.

0 40 0 40 0 0 0

1 40 40 80 40 40.00 80.00

2 40 70 110 20 35.00 55.00

3 40 92 132 13.33 30.67 44.00

4 40 107 147 10.00 26.75 36.75

5 40 117 157 8.00 23.40 31.40

6 40 127 167 6.67 21.16 27.82

7 40 142 182 5.71 20.29 26.00

8 40 164 204 5.00 20.50 25.50

9 40 194 234 4.44 21.56 26.00

10 40 234 274 4.00 23.40 2740

40

30

22

15

10

10

15

22

30

40

ckl fmf¾rd wd¾Ól úoHdj ksIamdok msrjeh úIYaf,aIKh ^ 1 fldgi &

8

ksujqï tall m%udKh jä lsÍfïoS idudkH ia:djr msßjeh ySkùhhs . tfy;a Y+kH fkdfõ . fï

ksid idudkH msßjeh jl%h Rcq fldaKdiD%ldr nyqj,hl yevh .kS

tfia Rcq fldaKdi5ldr nyqj,hl yevh .ekSug fya;=j kï idudkH ia:djr msßjeh ksujqfuka

.+K lsÍfuka ,efnk uq¿ ia:djr msßjeh iEu wjia:djloSu tl yd iudk fõ (AFC ×Q =

AFC) .

idudkH ia:djr msßjeh jl%fha ´kEu ,laIhhla iïnkaO fldg woskq ,nk Rcq fldaKdi%dldr j¾.M,h iudk ùula fuysoS isÿjkq we;s w;r tu`.ska fmkakqu lrkafka ta iEu wjia:djloSu uq¿

ia:djr msßjeh iudk w.hla jk njhs .

uq¿ ia:djr msßjeh

ksujqï tall m%udKfhka

aFC = tC / Q

idudkH ia:djr msßjeh =

AFC

AFC

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Q

AFC

ckl fmf¾rd wd¾Ól úoHdj ksIamdok msrjeh úIYaf,aIKh ^ 1 fldgi &

9

2. idudkH úp,H msßjeh. (AVC)

zzidudkH úp,H msßjeh hkq uq¿ úp,H msßjefhka ksujqï tallhla ioyd wod< jk m%udKhhs Zz.

ke;fyd;a zzksujqï tallhl idudkH msßjehhsZZ .

zzksujqï tallhlg orK úp,h msrsjeh idudkH úp,h mßsjehhsZz.

uq¿ úp,h msßjeh ksujqï tall m%udKfhka fnoSfuka idudkH úp,h msßjeh ,nd.kS .

AVC jl%h ksIamdokh jeä lsÍfïoS uq,ska my< nisk w;r ksIAmdokh hï wjia:djkg miqj

;j ÿrg;a by< oeófïoS byj .uka lrhs .

tkï bx>%sis u wlaIrfha yevh .kS .

thg fya;=j ksIamdokh jeä lsÍfïoS uq¿ úp,H msßjeh uq,ska wvqjk fõ.hlska by< f.dia

ksIamdokh ;j ÿrg;a by< oeófïoS miqj uq¿ úpH msßjeh jeäjk fõ.hlska by< hduhs .

uq¿ úp,h msßjeh

ksujqï tall m%udKh

aVC = TVC / Q

idudkH úp,h msßjeh =

AFC

AVC

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Q

AVC

ckl fmf¾rd wd¾Ól úoHdj ksIamdok msrjeh úIYaf,aIKh ^ 1 fldgi &

10

3. idudkH uq¿ msßjeh (ATC)

zztl ksujqï talhlg orK uq¿ msßjeh idudkH msßjehhZz.

ke;fyd;a

zzuq¿ msßjehka tl ksujqï tsllhlg wod<jk msßjehhsZZ.

ksujqu jeälrk úg idudkH msßjeh my< f.dia kej; msßjeh by< hhs .

uq¿ msßjeh ksujqï tall m%udKfhka fnoSfuka idudkH uq¿ msßjeh ,nd.kS .

ke;fyd;a

idudkH úp,h msßjeh yd idudkH ia;djr msßjeh tl;q lsÍfuka idudkH uq¿ msßjeh ,nd .kS .

uq¿ msßjeh

ksujqï tall m%udKh

aTC = TC / Q

idudkH uq¿ msßjeh =

AFC

ATC

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Q

ATC

idudkH uq¿ msßjeh = idudkH úp,H msßjeh + idudkH ia:djr msßjeh

aTC = AvC + AFC

ckl fmf¾rd wd¾Ól úoHdj ksIamdok msrjeh úIYaf,aIKh ^ 1 fldgi &

11

ATC jl%h ksIamdokh jeä lsÍfïoS uq,ska my< nisk w;r ksIAmdokh hï wjia:djkg miqj ;j

ÿrg;a by< oeófïoS by<j .uka lrhs .

tkï tho AVC jl%h fuka bx.%sis u wlaIrfha yevh .kS .

thg fya;=j ksIamdokh jeä lsÍfïoS uq¿ úp,H msßjeh uq,ska wvqjk fõ.hlska by< f.dia

ksIamdokh ;j ÿrg;a by< oeófïoS miqj uq¿ úpH msßjeh jeäjk fõ.hlska by< hduhs .

ke;fyd;a ksIamdokh jeä lsÍfïoS uq¿ msßjeh uq,ska wvqjk fõ.hlska by< f.dia ksIamdokh

;j ÿrg;a by< oeófïoS miqj uq¿ msßjeh jeäjk fõ.hlska by< hduhs .

4. wdka;sl msßjeh ( MC )

zzwdka;sl msßjeh hkq ksujqu tl tallhlska jeä lrk jg uq¿msßjeh fjkia jk m%udKhhs ZZ.

uq¿ msßjefha fjki ksujqï tall m%udKfha fjkiska fnoSfuka wdka;sl msßjeh ,nd.kS .

flá ld,h ;=< ksujqu jeälrk úg wdka;sl msßjeh my< f.dia kej; msßjeh by< hhs.

uq¿ msßjefha fjki

ksujqfï fjki

MC = ∆TC /∆ Q

wdka;sl uq¿ msßjeh =

AFC

MC

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

10

0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Q

MC

ckl fmf¾rd wd¾Ól úoHdj ksIamdok msrjeh úIYaf,aIKh ^ 1 fldgi &

12

MC jl%h ksIamdokh jeä lsÍfïoS uq,ska my< nisk w;r ksIAmdokh hï wjia:djkg miqj ;j

ÿrg;a by< oeófïoS by<j .uka lrhs .

tkï MC o AVC yd ATC jl% fuka bx.%sis u wlaIrfha yevh .kS .

thg fya;=j uq¿ msßjeh jl%fha nEjqfuka oelafjkafka wdka;sl msßjeh ùuhs.ksIamdokh jeä lsÍfïoS uq¿ msßjeh uq,ska wvqjk fõ.hlska by< f.dia ksIamdokh ;j ÿrg;a by< oeófïoS miqj

uq¿ msßjeh jeäjk fõ.hlska by< hduhs .

ke;fyd;a ksIamdokh jeä lsÍfïoS uq¿ msßjeh uq,ska wvqjk fõ.hlska by< f.dia miqj jeäjk

fõ.fhka by, hdu tu nEjqfï fõ.h u; MC jl%h f.dv ke.Suhs .