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Software

Topics

• Why Learn About Software?• Categories of Computer Software• Define of Terms• System Software• Application Software

Why Learn About Software?

• Software is indispensable for any computer system• Systems software needed for input, calculations,

and output• Application software aids in productivity• Personal tasks using software– Income tax preparation– Keeping a budget– Internet research– Games

Categories of Computer Software

Computer Software

Application Software System Software

Define of Terms

• Systems Software: Programs that coordinate the activities and functions of the hardware and various other programs.• Application Software:

Programs that help users solve particular computing problems.

System Software

System software works with end users, application software and computer hardware to handle the majority of technical details like:• where a program is stored; • how commands are converted to get

processed;• where a document or file is saved; • how output is printed.

Types of System Software

System Software

Operating Systems Utilities Device Drivers BIOS

Operating Systems (OS)

An operating system is a collection of programs that manage computer resources (memory, processing, storage, input & output devices), provides a user interface, and runs applications.

The OS also monitors system performance, schedules jobs, and provides some security for the computer.

Features of OS

• Booting: starting or restarting a computer • Warm boot� : when the computer is already on

restart without turning off the power • Cold boot� : start after power has been off. • Desktop� : the place to access computer

resources• Files� : used to store data and programs • Folders� : related files are stored in folders. A

folder can contain other folders.

Categories of OS

1. Embedded Operating Systems:– Used for handheld computers and smaller �

devices like PDAs. It is called embedded because entire OS is stored within the device in its ROM memory.

– Examples include Windows CE� , iOS, Android and Palm OS

Categories of OS

2. Network Operating Systems (aka NOS): – Used to control and coordinate computers �

that are linked together. NOS are typically located on one computer’s hard disk in the network, the Network Server that coordinates all communication.

– Examples include Novell NetWare, �Windows NT Server, and UNIX.

Categories of OS3. Stand alone OS (aka desktop OS): – Control a single desktop or notebook �

computer. – If the computer is connected on a network, �

it may have a client operating system that works with NOS to share resources.

– Examples of stand alone systems include �Windows, Mac OS, and some versions of UNIX.

WINDOWSMac OSUNIX and Linux

WINDOWS

• Microsoft Windows is by far the most popular �microcomputer operating system with over 80% of the market designed to run with Intel and Intel-compatible microprocessors like Pentium IV.

• There are a variety of versions of Windows such �as Windows NT Workstation, Windows 2000 Professional, Windows ME, etc.

• Windows XP is the latest version of Windows �which puts emphasis on functions over programs

MAC OS

• Introduced in 1984, it provided one of the first GUIs. �• It is designed to run on Macintosh computers. �• Has a much smaller market share, but is still popular �

with professional graphic designers, desktop publishers, and some home users.

• One of the latest versions is Mac OS X featuring a �intuitive user interface called Aqua. The desktop features Dock, a tool for visually organizing files. It also has the Sherlock search tool to help locate information on the web & system.

UNIX and Linux

• Unix OS was originally designed to run on networked minicomputers.

• Now, it’s used by powerful microcomputers and by servers on the Web.

• Linux is one of the many versions of UNIX. �• Linux is open source, created by Linus Torvalds in

1991. • Linux is one of the most popular and powerful �

alternatives to Windows.

Others Fact of OS

• �Most OS are Proprietary OS: they are owned and licensed by a corporation. Examples are Windows and MAC OS.

• Some OS are Non-Proprietary OS: they are not owned by any one corporation. These are also called Open Source programs. An example is Linux.

Utilities

Utilities are specialized programs that make computing easier. Some of the most essential utilities include: • �Troubleshooting or diagnostic programs:

recognize and correct problems before they become serious

• �Antivirus programs: guard your computer against viruses and other damaging programs that can invade your computer system

Utilities

• �Uninstall programs: allow you to safely and completely remove un-needed programs and related files from your hard disk

• �Backup programs: make copies of important files in case the original are lost or damaged.

• �File compression programs: reduce the size of files so they can be stored and/or sent over a network more efficiently.

Device Drivers

A Device Driver or simply a driver are specialized programs that allow devices such as mouse or keyboard to work with the rest of the system.

Device driver works with the operating system to allow communications between the device and the rest of the computer system.

BIOS

The basic input/output system (BIOS), also known as the System BIOS or ROM BIOS (pronounced /ˈbaɪ.oʊs/), is a de facto standard defining a firmware interface.

When the PC starts up, the first job for the BIOS is to initialize and identify system devices. BIOS software is stored on a non-volatile ROM chip on the motherboard.

Application Software

Applications are software programs that perform specific tasks for us. You have probably used many different types of applications. Here are some common ones:• Activity management programs like calendars

and address books• Word processing applications for creating

documents that are attractively formatted• Spreadsheet applications for creating

documents to manage and organize numerical data

• Presentation applications for making slide shows

• Graphics applications for creating pictures• Database applications for developing

databases that can organize and retrieve large amounts of information

• Communications programs like e-mail and faxing software for sending and receiving messages

• Multimedia applications for creating video and music

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