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Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering
Physics for Scientists and Engineers
Electric Charge
and Electric Field 2
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Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering
Review
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Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering
Coulomb Law
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Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering
Review
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Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering
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Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering
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Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering
Electric Field Lines
An electric field line is an imaginary line orcurve drawn through a region of space so that
its tangent at any point is in the direction of the
electric-field vector at that point
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Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering
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Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering
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Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering
Electric Dipoles
An electric dipole is a pair of point chargeswith equal magnitude and opposite sign (a
positive charge and a negative charge)
separated by a distance.
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Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering
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Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering
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Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering
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Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering
Gausss law is part of the key to using symmetryconsiderations to simplify electric-field
calculations.
Gausss law is more than just a way to make
certain calculations easier. Indeed, it is a
fundamental statement about the relationship
between electric charges and electric fields.
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Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering
Charge & Electric Fluxs
Gausss law states that the total electric fluxthrough any closed surface (a surface enclosing
a definite volume) is proportional to the total
(net) electric charge inside the surface.
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Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering
Lets imagine that we put a ring with areaAperpendicular to a stream of water flowing withvelocity v
The product of area times velocity,Av, gives thevolume of water passing through the ring per unittime The units are m3/s
If we tilt the ring at an angle , then the projectedarea isA cos, and the volume of water per unittime flowing through the ring isAvcos .
Av
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Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering
We call the amount of water flowing through the ring the
f luxof water
We can make an analogy with electric field lines from a
constant electric field and flowing water
We call the density of electric field lines through an areaA the electric flux given by
cosFlux Av
E
A
cosFluxElecric EA
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Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering
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Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering
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Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering
Application of Gauss Laws
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Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering
Class Assignment
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Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering
G l i l E i i D
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Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering
G l i l E i i D t t
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Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering
G l i l E i i D t t
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Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering
G l i l E i i D t t
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Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering
Lightning Strikes a Car
The crash-test dummyis safe, but the right
front tire didnt make it
High Voltage Laboratory,Technical University Berlin, Germany
Geological Engineering Department
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Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering