Kurukshetra - April

7/29/2019 Kurukshetra - April

1/50

Vol. 59 No. 6 Pages 52 April 2011 Rs. 10/-


2/50

Kurukshetra April 201111

The Monthly Journal

MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT

Vol. 59 No. 6 Pages 52

April 2011

CONTENTS

Kurukshetra seeks to carry the message o Rural Development to all people. It serves as a orum or ree, rank and serious discussion on the

problems o Rural Development with special ocus on Rural Uplit.The views expressed by the authors i the articles are their ow. They do ot ecessarily refect the views o the govermet or the orgaizatios they

work or.

The readers are requested to veriy the claims i the advertisemets regardig career guidace books/istitutios. Kurukshetra does ot ow

resposibility.

Sales Emporia : Publications Division: *Soochna Bhavan, CGO Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi -110003 (Ph 24365610) *Hall No.196, Old Secretariat, Delhi

110054(Ph 23890205) * 701, B Wing, 7th Floor, Kendriya Sadan, Belapur, Navi Mumbai 400614 (Ph 27570686)*8, Esplanade East, Kolkata-700069 (Ph 22488030)*A Wing, Rajaji Bhawan, Basant Nagar, Chennai-600090 (Ph 24917673) *Press road, Near Govt. Press, Thiruvananthapuram-695001 (Ph 2330650) *Block No.4,

1st Floor, Gruhakalpa Complex, M G Road, Nampally, Hyderabad-500001 (Ph 24605383) *1st Floor, F Wing, Kendriya Sadan, Koramangala, Bangalore-560034

(Ph 25537244) *Bihar State Co-operative Bank Building, Ashoka Rajpath, Patna-800004 (Ph 2683407) *Hall No 1, 2nd foor, Kendriya Bhawan, Sector-H, Aliganj,

Lucknow-226024 (Ph 2225455) *Ambica Complex, 1st Floor, above UCO Bank, Paldi, Ahmedabad-380007 (Ph 26588669) *KKB Road, New Colony, House No.7,

Chenikuthi, Guwahati 781003 (Ph 2665090)

lUnion BUdget 2011-12:

What does it imply for inclUsive groWth? d. K. K. t 3

lcritical revieW of the Union yb s s 8

BUdget 2011-12: agricUltUre groWth au r

and development

lBUdget 2011-12

rUral development-the main focUs g.s 15

lUnion BUdget: 2011- 12

positive viBes for microfinance d. p. m 19

lgreater credit floW to farm sector d. c. s muu 23

l ICT & SuSTaInable DevelopmenTbrIDgIng

the gender divide ach.g.g 26

lnational KnoWledge netWorK (www.k.) 30

legovernanCe InITIaTIveS In

rural InDIa For eaSy lIFe p Ku n 32

lfrom the groUnd

rUral employment gUarantee scheme: B s. skk

Boon or Bane to indian agricUltUre? lx m. a 39

lstrange BedfelloWs in JharKhand ak Kuju 45

l JaTropHa CurCaS l - THe WonDer planT D ms rj S 47

CHIEF EDITORNEETA PRASAD

EDITORKAPIL KUMAR

JOInT DI RECTOR

J.K. CHANDRA

COVER DESIGnRAJAT NAIK

EDITORIAL OFFICEROOM NO. 661, NIRMAN BHAVANA-WING (GATE NO.5),MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT,NEW DELHI-110011

TEL. : 23061014, 23061952FAX : 011-23061014E-MAIL : [email protected] SUBSCRIPTION ENQUIRIES,RENEWALS AND AGENCY INFORMATIONPLEASE CONTACT:

Business Manager

EAST BLOCK-IV, LEVEL-VII, R.K. PURAM,NEW DELHI-110066

TEL. : 26105590, 26100207FAX : 26175516E-MAIL : [email protected] : publicationsdivision.nic.in

SUBSCRIPTION :INLAND1 YEAR : RS. 1002 YEARS : RS. 1803 YEARS : RS. 250ABROAD (AIR MAIL)ONE YEARRS. 500 (NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES)

RS. 700 (OTHER COUNTRIES)


3/50


InsIde

auu u w u uu b , bu u uu.

t w u Bu w

id sts. Th 2011-12 dt ss c t fcs ii ict d th

u .

Th sh f th cts ii ict d id cis cs t

th 60 ct d th citt f bdt 2011-12 t ict is si.

f u u, bu 10,000 ru . t u wu b u

ssistc t w t i (bpl) hshds f cstc f hss d th Idi aws

yj. 20,000 ru b u p m g sk yj

idi ccit t ii cctd hits thh d -wth ds d

thi sstc d.

ui miist f r Dt d pch rj Shi vis Dshkh sid th

dt cts th citt f th upa gt twds a di d th sis f th

sss. ac f rs. 87,800 cs hs idd i th ui bdt 2011-12 f th

m o ru d.

I ts f fd cs f 2011-12, th is 66.7% ics i pdh mti g

Sdk yj, 40% ics i S Shiksh ahi, 16.2% ics i rshti Kishi viks yj,

10% ics i acctd Ii bt p

Th t hs hsisd its citt t stth th mic c idst

d th dt ss wi st ist cdc i this it ist f cdit.

Cdit t fs hs icsd f th ct f 375,000 c rs t 475,000

cs which wi st ict dc.

C f ddictd fd f idi qit t s mt fd ists wd h

iti wth d chi sc d cic i s.

o f th j hihihts f th dt ss ts t ii g r t

th st i d th ittd dt f 60,000 ss is i i-fd s.

W u u w bu u ,

uu.


4/50


t u-u U Bu 2011-12 w

w i xcts f it stthi

u uu, uu,

u

- k

d diit d sii fd i. riht s,

Union Budget 2011-12: What does it implyfor inclusive growth?

Dr. K. K. Tripathy

The major components of the 2011-12 Budget on agriculture include bringing green revoluon to eastern

India, development of 60,000 pulse villages in the rain-fed areas, promoon of oil palm plantaons,

diversicaon of crops by promong fruit and vegetable culvaon, accelerated fodder development and

expansion of agriculture credit. While these announcements are laudable, the implementaon of these

budget iniaves is a real challenge.

= 66.7% increase in Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana

= 40% increase in Sarva Shikshya Abhiyan

= 16.2% increase in Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana

= 10% increase in Accelerated Irrigaon Benet Programme

cs, th st ct isd t sts

(tdk Ci f pi Cissi)

w u

Hd Ct r hs kd dc f 9

11 (1993-94 2004-

05). i bk, w x Bu


5/50


2011-12 wu b

dcits i th sci sct t sti

ub xu /

s t s si th qit f

xu bk b

f thi it t th ss-t . This

xis th dic f th bdt 2011-12twds chii th jc f icsi wth.

Inclusive Growth

t i w

wth t i ss dsc dct f d 8

u (2008-09 2010-

11). hw, 1.9 w

u uu

i uu b

i w wth qiii t. Th ui bdt,

u , u u b

si wth i th ict sct tid t fw

th td f iisi th sci sct xdits

d c dqt dt st t it.

t u Bu (u

2005-06 t 2010-11) h witssd issi

xu

scts iz. dc, hth, dt,

wt, sit, ii d hsi which h

dict d s ict h dt.

Hw, c 2011-12 bdt ests f

w k z. uu u

-- (c 1)

uu u

ss st 2010-11 bdt ests.

2001-02 14.2 2010-11). i

u, Bu

2011-12 uu b .

t j 2011-12 Bu

uu u b u

th st Idi, dt f 60,000 ss - ,

, b

u b u,

x uu .

W u ub,

bu

ch. This is qit idt s th is

bu u

u e i

b -u.

fu, , u

f th eth p pid (2007-12) hs bu

auu p .. r K vk

yj (rKvy) ju i uu b

uu .

Uu, w

, ,

u uu.

c

chkd t i, i i th iiit

, -s

fdis, ic it, sw dcit wth,

w x Bu wu

dic i t th sd n

Fd Scit act ii t is tt

. W Bu

it t c Fd Scit bi i th pit

di 2011-12, it hs t tid c d

k

iw th fd i, d dc i th fd

ssid d citt sc dc d th

dd d s sit i th ct.

Rural Employment, Housing, Roads

and Bridges

t 2011-12 u u ,

u, b (tb 1)

Agriculture and Food Security

t u u

uu u

th 60 ct, th ctiti f

gdp b (24


6/50


u

b 2011-12 2010-11.

t 2011-12 bu u u

2010-11 . t

xu

k , u

b .

Table 1: Plan Outlay for Rural Employment,

Housing and Roads and Bridges

s.

n.

Schs/Iis ac

(r. c)

2010-11 2011-12

1 2 3 4

1 ru e 40,100.00 40,000.00

(-0.2)

2 ru hu 10,000.00 10,000.00

(0.0)

3 r B 22,886.00 20,000.00

(-12.6)

4. s p

ru

d*

2984.00 2914.00

(-2.3)

nt: () * n r liihd missi (nrlm)

(b) fu

ics 2010-11 csu: n d g, 2011-2012, gi

nx, x u ,

n r liihd missi (nrlm) -

Swj g Swz yj (SgSy) wi w

u r. 2914 . t

2.3 2010-11 (r. 2984

). nrlm-sgsy, u 1999, b

hisc ch ci is scts f sf-

t. i.., is f th it sf-

u (shg); bu;

k uu, ub k; tch d. Hw, stdis it t

is shtcis ci i th w f c

it tht dcs th ict f nrlm-

SgSy. Ths i td t cdi

st d cis, th it sc

f cic cis, k, tch d

d dt d th f qit

shg. t, u

istd it this th cis shd

sctd cf ssssi th iiit f

th tt t s d iz ts f fwd

d ckwd ik cts.

Major Flagship Programmes

This s dt c t th j

f p (tb 2) u

12 bu ,

w 15 k

thi is s dt c. Th 2011-

12 dt c f hsi f

(iay)

d th dt c i 2010-11.

Th is i th it cstc cst f hsi i

i-hit s wi s cstits i th

sccssf xc f this sch. Fth th

chd c t ssfcti ddss

isss t icsd csts d t ic

is i hi s is--is i s.

t u ubz u w

i.. mht gdhi n r

et Sch xicd

ict i th dt c f rs. 40,100

2010-11 r. 40,000 2011-12. t

dcd dt c t mgnrega,prima facie,

sis wk wth ss chd t

this w t ii. Th ws

3.9 ct hik i th c f n

ru dk W p u 2011-12

2010-11. Csidi th i sit

u bu

c t ths s wd

.

t w 15

k bu (tb 2)

i 2011-12 2010-11 pmgSy (66.7

ct), SSa (40 ct) d rKvy (16.2 ct).

K w b ,

k u

w

bu , w

pmgsy, ssa rKvy

wu b uz.


7/50


t u bu

(2005-06 t 2010-11) ws Idi u

uu u . t Bu

2011-12 u

w k wu -u

uu, u u

. t u Bu

w u , u

b 2011-12 2010-11

w u

uu w

k u, u

u u w.

Whi icsd dt c bht

n p, ssa nrhm ub,

bk b ub

d tsc i th it f ths

u. i

wk wu u uhsic ifstct f icsd dcit,

qit ski d dc d hth t th

t f th Idis dhic diidd. Whi

u b c g,

u b s

g . tu,

t chi th jc f sci dt

u w w b

u ,

t is dd t () c th dt

u (b) uu w

s d (c) i i c iti

d chis t tch th ts

w u.

(The author belongs to Indian Economic Service

and his views are personal. E-mail: tripathy123@

redimail.com)

Table 2: Budget Allocaon (Plan) for Major Flagship Programmes (Rs. Crore)

Sl.

No.Programme 2010-11 2011-12

% increase

over 2010-11

1 2 3 4 5

1mht gdhi n r et Sch

(mgnregs) 40,100.00 40,000.00 -0.2

2 i aw yj (iay) 10,000.00 10,000.00 0.0

3 n Sci assistc p (nSap) 5,762.00 6,158.00 6.9

4 p m g sk yj (pmgsy) 12,000.00 20,000.00 66.7

5 n r Hth missi (nrHm) 15,672.00 17,840.00 13.8

6 i c d s (icds) 8,700.00 10,000.00 14.9

7 m-d m s (mdm) 9,440.00 10,380.00 10.0

8 s sk ab (ssa) 15,000.00 21,000.00 40.0

9

Jwh nh n u rw missi (Jn-

nUrm) 12,685.00 13,700.00 8.0

10 r K vk yj (rKvy) 6,722.00 7,810.87 16.2

11 acctd Ii bt p (aIbp) 11,500.00 12,650.00 10.0

12 n r Diki Wt p (nrDWp) 9,000.00 9,350.00 3.9

su: Bu du, gi, 2010-11 2011-12


8/50


KE-4/11/3


9/50


t uu

cic s it ccts f t 58 ct

u ( 2001

u). m, ] u ,, w

u. h w i uu

csidd css cdi f icsi

w. m , u (u

ict) is i s s t sc

f dsc dd, ci tht is

CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE UNION BUDGET2011-12: AGRICULTURE GROWTH AND

DEVELOPMENTYashbir Singh Shivay and Anshu Rahal

Higher levels of investments are required for not only increasing farm producvity but also creang

adequate infrastructure for transport, storage and distribuon of agricultural produce.

shi th k sttis f ts

w w

sics. I ts f csi, t f tt

sh f 14.6 ct f th ss dsc dct(gdp) 2009-10 uu ,

uu u 12.3

w b 1.5

shis t 0.8 ct. This ki iht

i th ct with d s

uu- x w


10/50


5.4 ct s th 2010-11 dc sts.

t uu w th st f s

f th p is std t 2.87 ct. I d

p 4

, uu w 8.5

ct di 2011-12. T chi this t

jc i.. icsd ict wth w d

u ub

. t,

billion cizensa number that isgrowing requires enhanced agricultural producon

and producvity in the form of a Second Green

Revoluon. Further, special aenon is required

for achieving higher producon and producvity

levels in pulses, oilseeds, fruits, and vegetables,

which had remained untouched in the First Green

Revoluon but are essenal for nutrional security.

In this regard, achieving high producon of poultry,

meat and sheries is also essenal. The relavely

weak supply responses to price hikes in agricultural

commodies, especially food arcles, in the recent

past brings back into focus the central queson of

ecient supply chain management and need for

sustained levels of growth in agriculture and allied

sectors. The choices before the naon is clearto

invest more in agriculture and allied sectors with

the right strategies, policies, and intervenons. Thisis also a necessary condion for inclusive growth

and for ensuring that the benets of growth reach

a larger number of people.

Major emphasis for agriculture sectorin Union Budget 2011-12

auu i

w . mu k u u

(2010-11) h sttd c it

uu -

cis. This css hs t dd fth.i Bu 2010-11, U f

m u

ci (i) ict dc, (ii) dc i

w u, () u

() u . t

iis h sttd shwi sts t th

th isss i fd c tht qi

idit . Th ct st i fd

w b

k u b, k, , u

sh, which cct f th 70 ct f

w x (Wpi) bk fd its. r f dc d disti

cks f ths its hs i iit

U f m m. pb mukj

U Bu 2011-12. t, U

Fic miist sd t k cs f

u r K

viks yj (rKvy) f tk . Th tt

c f rKvy is i icsd f rs 6,755

c i 2010-11 t rs 7,860 c i 2011-12 ui

Bu.

Bringing Green Revolution to easternregion

t g ru e r

w z

, w b u

2011-12 w u r 400 .

t wu

-b a, W

B, o, B, Jk, e U

p c.

Integrated development of 60,000

pulses villages in rain-fed areas

gts ii ss hs cid

si ss f th fs. as th

scd dc sts, cd dc

f 16.5 ii ts f ss is xctd this

s ist 14.7 ii ts st . Whi

csid ths is, w st sti t i

sf-scic i dc f ss withi xt

. h, U f m

u r 300 t t 60,000 ss is i i-fd s

f icsi c dcit d stthi

k k. t w b

, , x wk, ngo

s f icsd dc d dcit

u, w b

.


11/50


Promotion of oil palm

t u b

bu 50 . t u

u , w

ics d t th qt f qit.ou

x u u

f 27.8 ii ts i 2010-11 s ist 24.9

2009-10. t j

bku, w

.

t f m, ,

id t f rs 300 c t i 60,000

u , b

w k. t w

bu 0.3

u u 5 . a b

k w b

uu

uu u.

Initiative on vegetable clusters

t w b

b b bu u

k k. a u ,

id qit ts t ctiti icsw b b. t f m

u r 300

b

uu u

. t b w,

w b u j ub

. t w w u

b u b b

.

Nutri-cereals

W w u , w u

b u. Bj, jw,

uu

kw .

t b u nu-

, w, w b

. a r 300

b u

, u

w

b. t wu

k k u u -

u. t wu b k u

1,000 bk bu 25,000

. t w u

u u

k .

National mission for protein

supplements

t u

u ,

w w u.

t n m p su

b u 2011-12 w

r 300 . i w k u

-b u u k

, , ,

bk. t

k b f m.

Accelerated fodder development

programme

adqt iiit f fdd is ssti

u u k. i

u u

u

b uu . r 300

w b 25,000

.

National mission for sustainableagriculture

W xz

t th wi dd f fd is is cic,

w h t ssti ict dcit i th

-. Th hs dti i si hth

u u


12/50


s f chic fizs, idd disttd

. t u, g

,

cii d tch with tdi

fi ccs ik i, iic

w .

Agriculture credit

t b ,

b . Bk b

uu

w w . f 2011-

12, U f m

f cdit fw t th fs f rs 3,75,000

c this t rs 4,75,000 c i 2011-12.

Bk b k u

uu

. t x ub

-

t 7 ct itst wi ctid di

2011-12. i bu, f m

2

ub w

. t

b .

I d t id fth ic t ths

fs it is sd t hc th ddi

s t 3 ct i 2011-12 i dts.

Ths, th c t f itst f sch fs

w b 4 u.

I iw f th hcd tt f w f

uu , f m

naBard b b u r

3,000 , , g

qit. This wd is its id- cit t rs 5,000

c. T nabarD c th sht-t

c s f th c cdit ists d

rrB , U f m

sd cti f rs 10,000 c t

naBard s- ru c fu 2011-

12 f th sh i iit sct di

su c Bk.

Mega food parks

Dsit wi dc f ts

d fits, thi iiit is idqt d t

cks i tii ccit. a std 40

ct f th fit d t dc i Idi w u k ,

uu. t u,

e p ub m f

pk w 30. s , 15 u k b

scd. Di 2011-12, is i i

u 15 m f pk. t

w w g

citt f icsi th s f th ss

cdis t th css t s ics

d t th s t ics th ic f th

.

Storage capacity and cold chains

t 2008 2010 w

u. o Ju 1, 2011,

fdi stck i Ct chd 47.0 ii

tic ts, 2.7 s hih th 17.4 ii

tic ts J 1, 2007. Th st ccit

f sch qs qis t.

p w 15.0

u u

d whsi cs hs fst tckd.

d 2.0

u pub eu gu (peg)

s u b k. W

gt wi t dd t 0.26 ii

ts f ccit mch 2011, sd xis

scs, th ddi wi ch 4.0 ii ts

b m 2012. du 2010-11, 2.4

b

u ru gw s.

i j w

u. du , 24

j w 0.14

h scd d n Hct

missi. I ddi, 107 cd st jcts with

0.5

d th n Hct bd.


13/50


T ct istt i this sct, hcfth,

cit istt i th c f d

w b b b

u f m. i

z -

uu ub-.

Agriculture produce marketing act

Th ct isd f i i ts

d fits hs xsd sis ws i s

chis. Th t td dis ss

t tis f it thi tiss

w . t u

s g w

aict pdc mk act t iit.

Main drawbacks in the Union Budget2011-12 for Agriculture sector

No integrated strategy for agriculture and food

security: o w, bu

, bu k u

k

c d tii th i fi fssi.

W U f m

thf , th is stt

f c d tii th i . m u k

bk .

Th j dcic f this i dt is tht

it hs t ddssd tw f th s f th n

p f p nb

2007. This ic cs f ic it t

u uu w

w

. a, u

(yu K) k

thh ittd c ii hih

f dcit d ic f -

f cis, c thh th isi f

w w

u. i uu

b

f fd i, tit t cct

uu

b u bu 2011-12. t

f su B

w . W t if c itd with th h f

s, th iht t fd c itd with

.

Key Features of Union Budget 2011-12for Agricultural Sector

r u bu

bk k u b,

k, , u b u

.. U Bu 2011-12.

1) Allocaon under Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana

(RKVY) icsd f rs 6,755 c t rs

7,860 c.

2) Bringing Green Revoluon to Eastern Region:

t -b

i, c f rs 400 c hs d.

3) Integrated Development of 60,000 pulses

villages in rain-fed areas: a r

300 c t t 60,000 ss is

- .

4) Promotion of Oil Palm: a r 300

c t i 60,000 hcts d i

. i bu 0.3

u

u .

5) Initiative on Vegetable Clusters: a

r 300

t iititi t id qit

b .

6) Nutri-cereals: a r 300

u Bj,

Jw, r , w

uu

.


14/50


7) National Mission for Protein Supplements:

a r 300 -

b u u k

, , ,

.

8) Accelerated Fodder Development

Programme: a r 300

a f d

p b 25,000

.

9) National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture:

g

, b

w

.

10) Agriculture Credit: ()

c w

isd f rs 3,75,000

c t rs 4,75,000

2011-12. i

ub

b 2

3

-

w .

(b) i w w

uu , b naBard

b b r 3,000

. r 10,000 b bu

naBard s- ru c u

2011-12.

11) Mega Food Parks: a b

u 15 m f pk u

2011-12.

12) Storage Capacity and Cold Chains:

at f st ccit thh

u wu

cs hs fst tckd. Cit

istt i c f d st

w b b b

u f m.

13) Agriculture Produce Marketing Act: i w

,

s g w

auu pu mk

a.

Challenges ahead and outlook of Indian

agriculture

= t u w

icsi fdis dc sic

th id-sixs. Td, Idi ks hih

i th dc f is

cdis sch s ik, wht,

, u, b.hw, uu

i w

sw s ss

i cdis s i

fqt siks i fd i.

t bku

chid i th 1960s is d

w. t second

green revoluon b

x

b.

= Icsi ict dc d

dcit is css cdi t

f si fd scit, iihd

scit, d ti scit t s f

u w

u p. hw, w

i wth i d i wth i

u ,

icsi ict dc is ch. Cctd d fcsd ts

qid f ddssi th ch f

st dcit s i ict.

a hisc ch, sits wki

uu , ,

dissi f tch, d isi

The only hope for farmersis the enactment of a FoodSecurity Bill which conferslegal access to food. While

the right to informaoncan be implementedwith the help of les,

the right to food can beimplemented only with

the help of farmers


15/50


f ict its sch s qit sd,

fizs, scids, d ii, wd h

h cic s f dcit

dd. Fth, c cdi d

uu

b uf sts.

= c uu

u

(gdp) b

, u xu

uu gdp

uu w

u f y p. i , w,

b uu

gdp b u

st th s f 2007-08 t 2009-10.The real challenge in agriculture sector

is to enhance capital investment in the

sector both by public and private sector in

a sustained way.

= Sixty per cent of our net sown area is still

rain-fed. Various studies indicate that the

potential of rain-fed areas has not been

fully utilized. A targeted development of

rain-fed areas should be prioritized.

= t i w w

u. W

u,

k . i

. s

u b

, w. hw,

x

. i ,

, , k u.

= d b

hs f j cc. F

si ti scit, it is t

b bu u

tht iht qs f fd its th i

bk . a u

hct dcts is qid f hci

b w

si ti scit.

= addssi ifstct qits i

uu , ,

u, , k u

b . pub p p

b u

dt f ths qits which

w

uu .

= a w

u u

u k . m

u , k, u

x uw u

w

. a -

u

u. t wu

u u

u u.

=t u, u w

dqt fcs i-fd s,

i uu

ju k,

u uu w uu

u

b u uu .

Hih s f istts qid

u

t s cti dqt ifstct

, bu

uu u.

(The first author is Principal Scientist,

Division of Agronomy, Indian Agricultural

Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, [email protected]; [email protected]; Second author

is an assistant Professor, Department of Animal

Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animal

Sciences, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture &

Technology, Pantnagar 263 145, Uttarakhand,

[email protected])


16/50


Whi s th 2011-12 g

Bu p fbu 28,

2011, U f m m.

p mkhj it tk id i th fct

Upa j

dic ch i ic ic its fcs

u . a i

, u u

wu

u - ,

i-hth d idqt s t k th ds

. r ubb bu xb

u u

th d f h d ti, th bdt

RURAL DEVELOPMENT-THE MAIN FOCUSG.Srinivasan

Budget 2011-12

f th f th eth Fi-y p

(2007-12) iht id th cct th itc

f n Fd Scit bi (nFSb) with th

Fic miist idic tht w cs t th

is f th bi. Th sd c f

w wu b

u,

s, is sd t icsd 17

ct t rs 1, 60,887 c i 2011-12 ist th

ct sc . This, i ssc, t h

sh f 36.4 ct f th tt p c f

.

ud bht ni s p

m g sk yj (pmgsy), a


17/50


Ii bt p (aIbp), rji gdhi

g vidk yj, Idi aws yj,

n r Diki Wt p d r

th, th c f th 2011-12 hs

b u r 58,000 , k

r 10,000 u .W w k i ,

f m tht hs d

t id r bdd Ccit t

2.50 k u .

i bu, m ru d

which s f shi s t h

t is f st f th i th ct,

ts sst chk f rs 87,800 c f 2011-

12 w d ru d

rs 74,100 c, Dtt f ld

rscs rs 2700 c d th Dttf Diki Wt d Sit rs 11,000

c. ot f this, mht gdhi n r

e gu s

r 40,000 100 w

t t ch hshd f it.

m. mukj g

dcisi t idx th w t d d th

mgnreg u x (cpi)

f ict , which hs d

m ru d Ju 2011

s tht th ciis wd t hcd wsth th std w.

a b -

u , Bu

f rs 2914 c i th sc 2011-12, i

which t st 50 ct f th ciis f th

swz wu b sc/st, 40 w

b. i b

t stct Swj g Swz yj

(SgSy) it n r liihd missi

(nrlm). B, r 1000

b u bw

i (bpl) hshds f cstc f hss

d d f ktch hss d Idi

aws yj, t f which 60 c t is f bpl

fiis f SCs/STs. I siict id t s

ccit t ts, rs 20,000 c hs

k b u

hits thh d -wth ds

d thi sstc d. ai, d th

n r Diki Wt p, s f

r 9350 b x

p t f s Stts ts t

id sf diki wt t hits,whi s f rs 1650 c is st sid f

sit.

Rural Banks

t Bu u g

dti t stth th ri r bks

(rrB) b k

wihtd sst (Crar) f t st i ct

m 31, 2012. h wu

id rs 500 c t ths ks di th sc

2011-12, w r 350 u 2010-11. o d rrbs, th dt

s id Idi micc eqit Fd f rs

100 w s iu d Bk

i (sidBi). t w

f ic c ists s cci s f

ci icsi. t Bu

u W s-h gu d fu

w u r 500 w w

shg.

t auu m b

f dc sid f th f sct ts

t f rs 13,662 c f th sc 2011-12. a

fd i hs c f th c

iic h i th dhi, th dt

this fcsd f dc d

disti cks f fits d ts,

ik, t, t d sh which cct f

th 70 ct f th wh s ic idx skt

. h,

t th c d th i rshti

Kishi viks yj (rKvy) f tk-. Th

tt c f rKvy is i std f rs

6755 c i 2010-11 t rs 7860 c i 2011-12.

Credit to Farmers

a,

tt f cdit w t th fs f rs 3,75,000

c this sc t rs 4,75,000 c i 2011-12 with


18/50


bk b u

uu ,

uu u . Th xis

itst s sch f idi sht-t

c s t fs t 7 ct itst wd

cd di th xt sc t. It is fthsd t hc th ddi s t

3 ct i 2011-12. Ths, th c t f

u wu b 4

u.

I iw f th hcd tt f w f

uu ,

n bk f aict & r Dts

(naBard)

b b u r 3000

hsd s t qit. This wd

-u r 5000 . i

t nabarD t c th sht-t c

f th c cdit ists d rrbs

, Bu

cti f rs 10,000 c t nabarDs sht-

t cdit fd f 2011-12 f th sh

b u

bk.

Rural Infrastructure

i u b u

is t f sct, th bdt ss u u ru iuu

Dt Fd (rIDF) f rs 16,000 c t

rs18,000 c. Th ddi c wd

t f c f whsi fciis. Th

rIDF is itt istt f k

fds f ci ifstct. It is s

dcidd t t 60,000 ss wi is

i ifd s f icsi c dcit d

k k w

si fdck its i iis

i this itt c. Ci with st s

ii f isi th h d td t

e r, u u r 400

wu b

f . Th is t

-b a,

Wst b, oiss, bih, Jhkhd, est u

pdsh d Chshh.

Storage and Warehouse

t Bu

xs t st d whs fciis f

ict dc. F x f xcis

dt t i-cdii qit d fi

uu b

x b b u

th f x f xcis dt t qit

u , wu. B

csts dt th scid ict chi

hs dcd t 2.5 ct f ct.

t b x

sch chi t c dsc dc.

bsic csts dt ic-ii qit

hs wd f 7.5 ct t 5 ct.

d- b k b u

x f sic csts dt. a x

u 10 b u

x.

i u b k ,

bdt cd th s f th rs 300-

c n missi f pti Sts t

t i-sd ti dc thh

k , , ,

i d shis i sctd cks. ath

r300 b a

f d p w wut fs i 25,000 is t cct th

dc f fdd thh itsi f

u b uu

.

o w, 2011-12 U Bu

xtdd hst f hf iis t Idi

, ,

k bu

u u wu b u

u

f s th scd (fcti) d

t (sics) scts f th c f

i u

w j.

(The author is Delhi-based Senior Journalist,

e-mail : [email protected])


19/50



20/50


t U Bu 2011

p

ub

mfi u k

u

u. i , Bu b

u mfi bu

. t U

Bu 2011-12 u

w b r.

UNION BUDGET: 2011- 12Positive vibes for Microfinance

Dr. P. Malyadri

The announcement made by the Finance Minister to strengthen the role that MFIs play in nancial

inclusion by instung Rs 100-crore India micronance equity fund with SIDBI is a welcome move. It

would enhance the ability of smaller MFIs, mainly the not-for prots and cooperaves, to achieve scale

and eciency in operaons.

475,000 c ($106 ) i 2011-2012 s. rs.

375,000 c ($83 ) i 2010-2011 d s

uu,

, u uu u u b u u

. i b

u, u w w-

mfi .

t,

ki fciitis t 73,000 hittis with


21/50


2,000+ u 2011-2012 u b

bk , mfi,

w - . su

u

b .

Role of MFIs in financial Inclusion

t f m m

f iu (mfi)

u. c

f ddictd fd f idi qit t s

mfi wu w

. t

rs. 100 c ($22 ) Idi

micfic eqit Fd

w sidBi u

mfi

u

u

u u w

k

.

v First, th Idi micc eqit Fd

cts th fd ts xicit

mfi.

vSecond, it its th

isk f ist cksh iscit cs

tc d chckd wth. bth this

bu

cs tc shd dc ist

skishss.

vThird, qit ifsis ics ists

iqidit cshi. Dsc qit is hf i mfi ,

hih nbFC ii citiz s f

jit fi istt: rs. 23 c ($5

) f 51-75% FDI d rs. 230 c ($50

) f 75%+ FDI.

Budget addressed - Committee on

Micro Finance issues

uTh S-Ci f its Ct bd f

d u b rBi, u c

y h m, itt ccs i th idst t

, tsc, cci thds

u k

isss t icc sct i Idi

hs sid its t. Th gt

is csidi i c it

wk

bw.

u t sub-

c

nBfc

b nBfc-mfi.

T qif s nbFC-mFI, th

sub-c

nBfc u b

w

- w- bw,

w u, -, uu b, -

, w

schds which fqt th

u b

bk w u

u b.

ut sub-c u w

z bw,

w z

uu w

w u

u, u u wu

b bw w

u

wu b b u.

The India Micronance

Equity Fund reects the

federal governments

explicit commitment to

MFIs


22/50


unwds, th m Ci

cdd ci itst ts t 24%,

s mFIs, which ss t

th mFIs, qi t iqidit s

ju w . W

u w sidBi u

, r. 100

0.33% f th ct rs. 30,000 c ($6.7

b) u i

0.1% f th rs. 100,000 c ($22 )

dd. achii d ci icsi

wi qi siict cit.

Budget speaks MFIs Service deliverymechanism

t w w mfi

w ngo

w

. p

u b k

, u w

b sidBi w

b uu u

wu

,

.

i x,

u b

mfi

u b u r 100-

c Idi icfic qit fd with

sidBi w . i wu

b mfi, - ,

. i

qit fd is idicti,

w b b ,

bu w

u, u

x wk mfi.

h, bj

w w w b

b. s- u (sgh)

r 20,000 u, bu

w w bu

.

Budget - enabling environment for

entrepreneurship

m b, U Bu

b

bu u . t

istt, c rs. 500 c ($111 )

W s h gu (shg) dfu u x

ch f th 4.6 SHgs

i Idi25% f which

a p.

u

. t b ,

it f isss

h d SHgs, ii

thi ict. I ddi,

idi ki fciist 73,000 hits

u

xs t

ci ists t css, diss, d

cct s s cst-c.

Micro finance- technology solution

m k

k, uk b

u

. t w b

shg u u

u. t ,

w b

creang a Rs. 500 crore ($111

mn) Womens Self Help Group

(SHG)s Development Fund

should expand the reach of

the 4.6 mn SHGs in India

25% of which are in Andhra

Pradesh.and help reduce

their interest rates.


23/50


. o u

w - u

(SHpIs) t t tt qit SHgs s

w bu. t

w

u .

t u

w, k u

w x .

mFIs fci ct iqidit cch,

u u k u

. t u

k u.

Measures in the Budget to boost upMicro finance

rd f ki iccs si

u w

cit s (it ks cd fc

ddi c), rbI ik t c

w u;

c u ub bk

si wi th t i

w ;

h u u

u w

;

extsi f tx x f istts

i ifstct ds si ts

u u uu

j u

disit f ifstct ci

;

Thst fici icsi siti 27%

uu (

u), ub

( bu

hf f sst qit fc), shd

u .

For fnancial services, therecommendations were largelypositive:

v f w uu

u b ists sst (sjct t kw

u(Kyc) );

vC f qit fd f is

i icc cis si

u u (u

w x u

) wu u u

b u w b mfi

d ics ci icsi, t siht

;

vW x b u

w

x -Ulip u

x. i u, U Bu

mfi w-

k.

Conclusion:

W b U Bu 2011-12

bk u

u w ,

u u w

u bk

u u w w

u wk , w

ub b

w k w

f th d Inclusive growth. l u

w w b

b w m f u.

(The author is Principal, Government Degree

College, affiliated to Osmani University, Tandur,

Ranga Reddy Dictrict, Andhra Pradesh 501 141,

e-mail : drpm [email protected] )


24/50


t j bu 2011-

12 u b

g ru ,

th ittd dt f 60,000 ss

- , ,

u u b

uu k bj,

jw,

u u

-, , -

bk. p b

GREATER CREDIT FLOW TO FARMSECTOR

Dr. C. Siva Murugan

The exisng interest subvenon scheme of providing short-term crop loans to farmers at 7 per cent interest

will be connued. The budget has also enhanced the addional subvenon to those farmers who repaid

their crop loans on me to 3 percent from the exisng 2 percent in 2011-12. Thus, the eecve rate of

interest for such farmers will be 4 per cent per annum.

.

Cdit is ssti qit f

z uu b

.

Bk

uu . t

x ub

w b w

. t w


25/50


hs icsd f rs.3.75 kh c t

rs.4.75 kh c f 2011-12. bks h s

b k u uu

.

t x ub idi sht-t c s t fs t 7

w b u. t bu

ub

w

3 x 2 2011-

12. tu, u

w b 4 u.

t w w

u w

cct f th F Cdit pck

u b g i (goi). a

sci F Cdit pck s citd

goi 18 Ju 2005 ub

w uu u

w.

s

. t f

m bk u

.

a, w

w b 4 , w

u b n c f

i 2006. pisi hs s d f

- bk, wu

. i

. s k

w xb

b u uu k

xu w

u uu .

[The author is Assistant Professor, Research

Centre in Economics, Aditanar College of Arts

and Science, Tiruchendur 628216, Tamil Nadu,

e-Mail: [email protected]]

S U B S C R I P T I O N C O U P O N(For New Membership/Renewal/Change in Address

I want to subscribe to_________________________________________(Journals name & language) or

1 yr. or Rs. 100/- 2 yrs or Rs. 180/- 3 yrs. or Rs. 250/-

DD/IPO/MO No. ________________________________________________Date____________________

Name (in block letters)

Address

PIN

Note: For Reewal/chage i address-please quote your Subscriptio no.

Please allow 8 to 10 weeks or the despatch o the 1st issue.

Please send DD/IPO/MO to Business Manager

Publication Division, East Block, Level-VII,

R. K. Puram,New Delhi-110066. Tel. : 26105590, 26100207,

Fax : 26175516

Also ensure that it is drawn in favour of Director

Publication Division, Ministry of Information and

Broadcasting, New Delhi.


26/50


Maternalmortalityratedeclined

Medicalandfinancialaidforpregnantwomen

Prenatalandpo

stnatalcaretomotherandchild

JananiSurakshaYojana

Dr.ManmohanSingh

PrimeMinister

Smt.SoniaGandhi

Chairperson,UPA

Davp/22111/13/0044/1011

KE-4/11/1


27/50


W

st 48% f Idis

d th sstiiit f

s dt ts

his thi q ci i sci, ic

d cic fic f th . yt i spe

varous g

this d, Idi w c t

hid i dc,

t, hth d ic

wt. Stscs sch s

sx f 933, f itc s

f 54.16%, t tit f

450 1000 b,

fit t f 68 iths 1000 i

bd w f st

w u bw

10% sstt this ss.

Idi w s f if

sj, discii d

xit. I fct, s unDps

hu d r 2010,

i k 122 u 138 u

bw pk

wh it cs t d qitt

iht f w is c

. f x

u w 46%

u

th 600 1000 i iths.

ICT & Sustainable Development-Bridging theGender Divide

Equal right for women and men is a fundamental human right. Ending gender discrimination by 2015

is one of the Millennium Development Goals. There is still much work to be done to end discrimination

against women and girls in education, at work and in promoting health and safetyi.

-International Telecommunications Union

Archana.G.Gula

Th itc f If d

Cic Tchis (ICT) i s

- w z.ICT c ct w ts f cic cit,

empoymen opporunies

.


28/50


U ict can ead b

wk fc d ics cic cic. It

neworkng, parcpaon

dcc with scit, i gt-Ciz

ub

. m ict

uu u

k ,

sics, t tis tc. Th

access o scs d ciis t

c s ICT f dt tht xists

bw u, , -

u kw . i

z b w b ict

fciis d is xctd t, iitc

u b.

Th diit diid cstts j

i t qit d ssti dt

d idi it c t s wth.

It stdis h sstd tht f

10% ics i dd t th is

1.38% ics i gDp f . ath

diit fd sci i di

ctis is th d qit . I sit

f d qit, d w wd h fish f th ts, s w s th ssiiis

f th scit, q ttt f th w, q

ccss t sci isis; dc; q f

wk f th s . I sit wh d

qit is st w h thic t d

. e

wh cc ws d icis t i c

, ,

x -uu u

. a qis st d cs. It is

w z ict is c h t id

. i , w

itt t f th h-ts withi th diit

w b uu k

d shi with th d diid.

ew w w

. t b eved

hrough b w

s itct scs. ewt qis

t wss cscisbu

sit st w, ccit idi, iit

t ic s ccs d ic ths,

c dcisi ki w tc t th fi,

cit d . ewt c

d t icsd cdc st w t

u uk w

ct ifcd is d iiz.

a ict w u w

sic itc d dc,

kw, tis, ki sics, t

sics d kts d fciit thi hth

. ict wu

b u uu b

, ki t if, sics d

b w w /

. -g z

ict w bb

cis . ICT c it distc dc d

b jb uw w u u Bpo

which ishi i cs stts

k rj h. eb w

ccss ICT tis d ssi ch

w ju u w

ICT i ts f iiit, diit, cit

c, d i tc, th tii f

ctt t ddss thi ccs, ct thi c

kw b u

is, siss tiss d fi ssiiis u.

SHG and Women Empowerment

t s h gu (shg)

bu u w b z


29/50


b w s h gu (shg)

f sis. a f d scic it

jct schs h s iitd. o

such scheme bb

b ru pub s t shg

b u w

idi ki, ci sics d th

bb b vu a s (vas)

th . This sch is i d

u h p rj.

I J 2007, th gd bdt C f DT

d th uSoF iitd th

j

id t fciit SHgs

u bu

uz

iq qits. ud this

,

uk

ict u

u b

b

w b u b shg. Usof

hs cd f ics f jcts which it i tth CSr iis f mi sic

ids, vaS ids d ts f ngos d t

u w naBard Usof

ubz bu w

shg. t vas

SHgs with dc, if & tii,

ccss t cc tis, kts,

ci sics, gt s, hth

/wk, /wk, bk

, u wk.

t b

w

j sic ids wh h d with vaS

st, ccit d

vas bu. s u bk

u u u

u -u

cis d sh th ic ths td.

Th SHg d f t ws wt

iis hs fd t ssti

u b u

w u/ngo bk

uu

dis cic iiit. Th miist f

r Dt d th n bk f

auu ru d (naBard)

st sf t cis

shg u u

Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar

Yojana (sgsy) wb

u shg

b

cis. as 31

mch 2006, tt f 2.22 ii

shg b w

0.27 ii s, ci 3

b b

f tki cic cis.

ngo

i sch schs ti d s

shg. shg u u

ict b w

w.

Role of USOF in Bridging the Gender

Divide

Th uis Sic oi Fd f Idi

c cic i this d ki

ict b u w. i k w

its dt, uSoF hs iitd f

schs id t ccss t d

bb u i. i

ci f th sci ds f w,

uSoF hs s iitd d scic iis.

i Usof w bb ,

cc ii ssidizd xch is t

Access to ICT can empowerrural women by promong

basic literacy andeducaon, providing

access to knowledge,employment opportunies,

banking services,government services and

markets and by facilitangtheir health and safety


30/50


w

t ccss t it d dct kts f SHgs

d i c idstis. S icd i

tii s cit t st SHg ics.

oths t t id hih cstizd vaS

d id sitd t th c cdis d thcis f th ttd SHgs. Th ttd SHgs

d i fis cis i f

txs, -ki, hdics t ict/

istck i. If wth, c/

k , k k ,

css, w ti /it td if

vas bu. a

u , ,

, u u

dsc ic, chid i, dw tc. Th

wu shg

m, U.p, a.p, guj. t nu

ukhd.

Th i jc f ths iis is

t ich th is f th tt ciis d

t w th thh i ccit,

if, skis d s f iihd. It is

hesuccess w

c dstt th iiit f mi vaS

b u u (u)

u . t its t th dt d cciiz

f if i vaS ics f

k, u w.

i

SHg i/chi cts wi dqt

tk ICT idi c i fciis

w . t u

j wu

cdc st stkhds t thccit f th i ths cts SHgs.

Fi, it is citd tht th sccss f ths

j w u uch iitis

t th d th cci

csr /

uu.

Conclusion

Ssti dt qis

u. Wut q ci f

s f scit ct h t

u uqif s dd stt. With th wi

kw ict

idi th tw s hs d

w

t ICT c xct iqis; th hs

u u u

ICT. ath sct f iqit tht s

u u i u

w. i

w, i f d qit. ICT is tt t which c

h id th d diid. esi qit

ict w

t thi fth iiz. Tcki

u w ict

u ,

di f d ssi ctt d i

w u . ict

/b u ,

tii d bpos sci t ws ci d c k

w. t d

Tcics d th uSo Fd f Idi

h i ih ci f this t f

ICT, iitd d sd it jct sch

xct ths is d it is citd tht

w

shg.

(The author belongs to the 1989 batch of

the Indian P&T Accounts and Finance Service.

She has held posts as Internal Financial Advisor

in the Department of Telecommunicaons (DOT),

BSNL and MTNL. At present she is posted as Joint

Administrator (Finance) USOF, DOT HQ, New Delhi,

e-mail: [email protected])


31/50


n Kwd ntwk (nKn) is st twds c

kw wu bu.

It wi id cdtd ts t

kw u k

. t u u kw wk

s t th c f th cts qst f idi

qit ists with qisit sch fciis

. t

nKn --- p-i wk. i w

fciitt th dt f Idis if

ifstct, st sch, d ct xt

ics d sics. nKn is dsid

b, Qu s, u

b

n Kwd ntwk (nKn) jct

b bu

i wk w w b b

sc d i ccit. b

k , ,

dc, hthc, ict d c t

c .

usi nKn, it ists with isid ssi wi t tscd sc d

iits i ccssi if d kwd

d di th sscitd ts f thss d

f th scit. estishi nKn is siict st

twds shi i kwd i th

ct with ccit t 1500+ ists. nKn

kw

ists i th ct si hih dwidth / w

wk.

g, f sch d i

shii twds discii d cdi d qi sst cic d

ct w. I Idi, nKn with its -

iit ciit is t cct isis,

sch ists, iis, tis, hthc

d ict ists css th ct t

ddss sch di shi. Th

itd cis i th ds f c, sc d

National Knowledge Network(www.nkn.in)

dfc sch s t f nKn. b fciitth w f if d kw, wk

ddsss th cic iss f ccss d ct

w di f c t ich th sch

ts i th ct. Th twk dsi is sd

c ch tht tks it cct th

ft qits d w ssiiis tht this

uu u, b u

cid ts. This wi i t kwd

tht wi istt i tsfi

scit d icsi wth.

BackgroundTh id f s th nKn ws ditd

& isd t th c f pici Scic adis

(pSa) t th gt f Idi (gI) d th n

Kwd Cissi (nKC) c

w k k u

xts, t ss, tc sic ids,

dc d sch ists. Th discssis

std i csss f ch t

dtd f s sch twk, t id

id ck f th scts.

gt f Idi hs csttd Hih lCi (HlC) f stisht f nKn, d th

Chishi f th pSa t gI. n Ifcs

Ct hs dsitd s i c

nKn. t nKn b

c th Tchic adis Ci

(tac) u b hlc.

nKn w m 2010 b cb

w u r 5990 c. a u

nKn Ii hs hs sccssf xctd

n Ifcs Ct (nIC).

Highlights

t u nKn b

b, b & b. t wk

csists f t-hih sd c, st with

2.5/10 g d ssi i twds

40/100 gb s (gb). t


32/50


citd with disti ci

.

Th ci ists t th d wd

nKn b . t nKn

sh cic if ifstct f Idi

t s kwd scit. nKn is siictst which wi scists, schs d

u u wk

f dci h dt i cic d

.

- estishi hih-sd ck ccit

which wi kwd d if

.

- ei c sch, dt

d I

- Fciit dcd distc dc i

sciizd ds sch s ii, scic,

.

- Fciit t hih sd ck f

-g

- Fciit it f dit sct

twks i th d f sch, dc,

, .

Connecvity

t bkb wk 2.5 gb

d ssi s t 10 gs ccit

tw 7 Sc (f shd) cs Idi. Th twk is fth sd t thh 26

C cs with f 2.5/10 gs

shd ccit with Sc cs. Th

disti ccts ct t th c

f th twk si iks t sds f 2.5/10

gb. t u b u

1 gb.

t wk u

stct ws ss with s t cct t

th disti s w.nKn s c

vu p nwk (vpn) w u.

nKn ids it ccit t its

ss f c sch. pst, nKn

is cctd t Ts esi If ntwk

(TeIn3). Sii ccit t glorIaD twk is i

.

Applicaons

Countrywide Virtual Classroom

Th nKn is f dii c

distc dc wh tchs d stdts c

itct i . This is sci siict i ct ik Idi wh ccss t dc is iitd

b u , k uu

fciis tc. Th twk s c-shi f

if sch s css cts, sts

d hdts dit ists.

Collaborave Research

Th nKn s c

schs f dit s ik glorIaD,

tein3, garUda, cern . nKn b

f scic dtss d t ccss t dcd

sch fciis.

Virtual Library

t vu lb ju,

ks d sch s css dit ists,

is t ic f nKn.

Sharing of Compung Resources

Hih-fc c is cic f

scit, idsti dcit, d dcs

. t wk b

f ists t ccss hih-fc

c t cdct dcd sch i s

sch s wth iti, thqk iid th ct itsi ds.

Grid Compung

t nKn b

bw w w

id c. S f th id sd ics

/b w, j

k l h c (lhc) iter. t nKn

c th t iz sch i

ics. Th gd gid hs hcd its w

d stiit i t nKn.

Network Technology Test-bednKn ids tst-d f ts d id

b b

th dc twk. nKn s ids

tit t tst w hdw & sw, d

b .

(u piB)


33/50


aic f If Tch t

c i di diist

sicsf cds, t

icss, d cds, hth, dc, ici

sics-- -c hs fd cic i

u k

. a ,

pC t d wi s f -i d

u w ict-

tsf i ic di.

Th qit f if d dcit f th

cizs, sci th h icsd

w u -.

a - b

tscs t hs s wd tst

fci. Th w If Cic

Tch (ICT) hs cctd th

wk b

scid c. vis if st h tt w ict- w

sh th t i m 2006, wh th

ui Cit d th n -c

p (ngp). t

k b

, u

sic di tts which ss cic,

E-governance Initiatives in RuralIndia-- For Easy Life

e-governance is that form of governance which seeks to realize processes and structures by harnessing

the potenalies of Informaon and Communicaon Technologies at various levels of government and

public sector and beyond for the purpose of enhancing services to be delivered to the people.

Pradip Kumar Nath


34/50


tsc, iiit t t d cst s

b u b

z.

With th sd f w If d

Cic Tch, cti dds h

u

fci, sch s tsc i fci,

iht t if d sdi dcisis.

vu - ,

fds d ct hssh d

dsttd dt ict f if

. itc

-cu w k k,

uu k w u i, b

bu -u

sics. ICT hs w iqits sc d th

k k

f its d ci s d ic.

ICT s siict i dt

b

u .

rizi th ICTs t th gt

i ict uu

u m ru d

m ,

which f dict siicc t th ic.

ei sccssf -c iis

ik -S f adh pdsh, bhi t

ctiz f d cds i Ktk, Sit

m, v

u ,

u .

NowWhat is e-governance?

e-governance

w k z uu bhssi th tis f If d

Cic Tchis t is s f

ub b

u b

.

e-governance w :-

() a

,

() o .

S stts i Idi h d td

th f, t i hs d t s IT fu .

e-governancec s dd s:

Di f sics si c d

tcic tch t k dic

chsi th if f cizs, csts, s

ub(g2c), bu (g2B),

(g2e), (g2g).

-c s dd s th

s f tch c w-sd itt

ics, t hc th ccss t d di

f t if d sics, d

t s.

-

cic css f siss d t

w cizs, d t i th sic

k.

S f th ts t cizs d sisss

f ths iis idd s:-

= di f sics d if= c f w t tis

= f f th ic sct

= ccss t if wi cizs

= b

cic

= c, tsc d cctiit f

= -cc, -ki, ic it

.

e-governance c s dd s th

ic f ICT t i th c

d th itc tw th t d

.

e-governanceu u

d st d c. gd c


35/50


c s s xcis f cic, ic, d

diist thit t is f

ct t s, d c.

Why is e-governance vital for ruraldevelopment?

= e-

ccs tw cizs d t

d cs thi ci i

.

= It c h i i f t.

= It c s f dict ci

w u

-k

= It c hc dcc csss d

ciz wt

= It c dc hdshi d dcit

.

Some e-governance Initiatives:-

o w

-c iis tk t th n,

s, Bk . s

w uu u xu

u. vw u u

is w iis w xd t iit

u -

u:

= x w pub-p

p k - b.

= S 26 -c issi d jcts

(mmps) wi d t wid 2012,

pub-p p

.

= Th t hs scd rs. 10.600

c, f which rs. 5,742 c wi sd

f s C Sic Cts (CSCs)

css th ct. of th scd t

rs. 1782 c wi sd f sttwid

twk (SWan) jcts, Cic

d If Tch miist a. j

u w u c

- d. t w

u k csc u b

m 2010.

= Th Stt Dt Ct (SDC) hs idd

ifstct f s -c

iis f ngp. It is sd t ct

s d c s/Ut

ct t id cit ctic di

g2g, g2c g2B . t

b b s u

di std c ccit

iuu u W nwk

(sWan) c s c (csc)

ccit xtdd t i .

Some e-governance Projects/

Initiatives:-

UIDA:-

Th uiq Idc athit f Idi

(Uidai) i

ssi f i th isid

ms n Idt Cd uiq

Idc Cd (uID Cds) jct i th ct.

i w b fbu 2009, w w

t th uiq Idc n dts.

= Th thit wi i t idi iqub i, bu .

= t u wu b

b.

= as s s th iq idt dts cs

it xistc, th is idt dtss

(ssts, cds, icss, shi

, b id )

x u b k

. t au w u

, stt d c t s

b . t U lbu

miist hs d its id et

p fu (epfo) b 42

cizs s th st dts b

it th iq ID sst.


36/50


e- Nagrik Service in Ranchi:-

Th Jhkhd ac f p f

If Tch i ssci with th

n Ifc Ct (nIC) hs chd this

sic t fciitt t t-ciz (g2C)

. U

c f ith, dth, sid d ic

ccts i, d t th i fw ds. o

mch 4, 2009, 106 cts h d c

d th is t 300 -Kds

55 w r.

e-Shakti Project:-

bih hs chd th -shk pjcts tht

w u wk

istd with th mht gdhi n r

e gu s (mgnregs)

thi w disst, idc d th

. s t ub

gd Tchs, i ssci with th Stt

w j.

Vasudha Kendras:-

B p p vu Kw b u b w

tsid wd d wi id d d s

ccss t if t th t d its

.

Taarahat:-

t j b b d

sd Dt at g. Th jct

bu k ,

-k , , w,

.

Cyber Treasury:-

g u cb tu, w

wk w b u

x, u vat .

e-Districts:-

-d s m m j u

th n -gc p (ngp). Th pjct

u u

b mmp u ngp dtk ck-d ctiz t--

u c

Sic Cts (CSCs). Th it stt

- wu ub k u

uu u b u ngp

u sw sdc.

Village Knowledge Centre Project:-

v Kw c pj

x kw

. t j

puu b b w w wk

csis f pCs, th, vHF dx di dics

d i ccit thh di th

b .

Th jct dws its sstc f th

hisc hish f D. m.S. Swith, which

z , -w, -

t it t dt d cit

w

fi wshi d cs cc c

f sd f tch. Th jct dws

si s wd twk w st. Th

c ts th if d fd th

u

i dit is. Th jct is jit std

It Dt rsch Ct (IDrC),

Cd d Cdi It Dt

ac (CIDa), Cd with st f Fd

Fd d t f pdch.

Bhulekh:-

i o d l r &

S hs tk ctiz f d-cds

t iz itc f cds d t id

u r r (ror)

w s.


37/50


e-Shishu Project:-

oiss pi edc p

au j w

th st f its kid i th ct. Th jct hs

w c tk s (cts)

It miti & If Ssts (

imis). U cts, b

bw 14 b w

u - w

dtis. ud ImIS, th 14 its d

s sk ab .

Project CARD:-

Th ct idd adiist f

rist Dtt CarD i adh pdsh

is dsid t iit th dis c thc ist sst itdci

ctic di f ist sics. CarD

is t 387 s-ist cs i th

Stt f adh pdsh.

Jan Mitra:-

It is ittd - thh which

f rjsth c t dsid

if d i sics td t is

kk

. s b u it

ts t t th if. This jct hs

uu b Jw

i rjsth. Jhw is th st distict i

jct c distict i Idi, wh th jct

b b u.

Drishtee:-

d i b .

Dishts sw s -c

d ids if t d ccss t

dc d hth sics, kt td

if, d it if xchs d

tscs. Disht sics t id

ci ts i ts f dcd csts d

icsd ics, t s th sci ts

ik ccss t dc d hth if. It is

ois f di IT d

sics t d si- s thh

th s f stt-f-th-t sw.

Lok Mitra:-

lk mit is th st f its w kid f rj. i

- j w u

is ikd t dit Dtt ss thh

d l l d-u nwk w

-cts, which c hd sics.

i k u

u .

Akshaya:-

as t f Ks is -itc ci,

ak -c b u uu K.

t - b

hshd d ct s ICT dissi ds

it . a ak

-Cts h Itt ccit d twkd

with ctizd ct.

Mahiti Shakti :

t k ww

s f gjt thh which th cizs

c ccss if td t scts f th

ts fci, is ts, schs

d sics i f cds t

scs f d sis.

Gram Sampark:

g Sk is shi f ITC i mdh

p . a b b u,

sic is, ciis f t

ub 51,000

m p b b b

wb.

g Samparkhs th scs:-

() g p (v s)

() s n ( g r)

(iii) g phi ( vi S)


38/50


a - b

u wb

b .

Warana Wired Villages:-

Th k jc f th jct is t iz ITt ics th cic d dcit f th

xis sc c tiss s

f Stt f th t ct cic

wk. t uu,

dc if i th c t

u W n Ku

s d m.

Rajiv Internet Village Programme in

Andhra Pradesh:-

a p u rj

i v p b

sics ts itdd f th cizs i

qick, cst c d t f

u ww, wu

u . rj

Itt cts i st i 8618 is

.

= Th p ts th cizs

idi th if fwis-

= es ccss t if ict,

dc, d hth tc.

= mkt ics, ci , wth

, uu x

= Hth, iiz, tdici

= Qit its, sds, fizs, scids

= a f, c ,

ics, ccts tc.

= uit is, cticit, th tc.

= p , u, -.

= Stts f ics rji p-t

= c

E-chaupal:-

Sttd ITCs it bsiss Diisi

s cst c t s chi sst

w bu u

xts is tsfd it kt

f Idi. It is iq w-sd ii i

c i w

if, dcts d sics qid i

. t kk u

hih qit f its d chs f s t

. t j 23

- hb m

p.

Th -ch ii hs d td

3.5 . B 2012, -u

twk wi c 10,0000 is, s

-x u i 10

ii -fs. e-ch ii hs s hd

fs with kwd i iscs d isk

, b b b

cs.

Gyandoot:-

t j u

tw Disht d th distict diist

d. g u-w

tchic i d ssti

if-kisk. Th jct cs 20 i

if kisks i bcks f th distict. Th

twk f 31 kisks cs 311 chts

600 is, which cs 50 ct f

. U

kk . l u u u,

i ths if kisks cci

. tu b b

j u .

e-Panchayat:-

-p

pcht ics t c s th

if t s t th i

s i adh pdsh. It ts th ctd

sts, th g pchts d th


39/50


i cis, th adiist d s

. i b

ith, dth ist, hs tx ccs, td

iccs, d sis, wk iti, ci

cc, mIS f pcht adiist

b xu uz -u. mk uu x

dic s i idd t th cizs f th

-p.

e-Posts:-

With 1.55 kh st cs ci

u , i w u wb-b

sics. S w iis f th dtt f

u -, ,

k, k w k u

cs.

- u w

hd-wi sss scd d tsid

s i th itt. at th ds st

cs, ths sss itd, d

th st ik th s d did t th

.

at th ic st, d 2500 st cs

u w

.

United Village & Kiosk inRaghurajpur:-

as i rhj i f oiss

cctd t th wd thh itt d t th

Stt Tst s with wi- x. It ccts 25

o -b

s. T fciitt itt ccit, th uitd

vis Kisk i rhj is qid with wi-

t d ct d th is s thi

k.

e-GovernanceAchievements/Failures:-

Th Dtqst i its IDC-Dtqst bst

- s u r

h p, d, h a

p b -

i.

W B, Jk B

f th ist. I sit f b, i th

it ub, Kk 9 15. K

13 18.

Th s ssssd ch stts IT isi

it d s f s f sics. It s

tk it cct IT c f w jcts i

2007-08, it f ths jcts, d s

ssfc 3,150 cizs d siss.

Why e-governance fails in someareas:-

d u b

u u - .

e- j b

z w k b

. a

w u

-

u x u

b. du u

w u

w

bj. a u

b u

u i cut (ict),

u b .

tu u ict b

k u, w, u,

x b

. W ict - w

b b u .

i u i

w w . t w, u i,

w u b b, w b

u.

(The author is Assistant Professor, Centre

for Agrarian studies & Disaster Migaon (CAS

& DM), Naonal Instute of Rural Development

(NIRD), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500030, e-mail:

[email protected])


40/50


i x India lives

in villages. t bu

issi wth st-iddc

, w- i u

i i s i is. a siict

bu, w

FROM THE GROUND

Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme: Boon or bane

to Indian Agriculture?

Farmers with large farm holdings who invariably depend on farm labourers would be inversely

affected by this NREGS Scheme. When the daily wages are more in NREGS, quite naturally the

labourers preference would be to work through it. It would not be economical for the farmer to

provide higher wages to the labour in order to retain the labour in his field. Or in the other sense the

food prices has to be increased so that the farmer can hire labour for higher wages. The implementing

agency of NREGS failed to look in to these matters. Tea gardens in Tripura are facing a shortage of

labour with the expansion of National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) scheme in all four

major tea producing districts, thus absorbing about 20-22 per cent tea workers .

Bharat S. Sontakki and Laxman M. Ahire

b , , . t,

this css f Idi is th st

sc t t, dt, ccss t

, . t u w

w b

ii iihd tis.


41/50


t n ru gu

s (nregs)

g i, w k

u 100

u . i k

u b 100

b u u . r

w u ub

u u,

a b

w

/b . B

b u . i

qis difft ch twds t

w

s

. t

w a

b w u

i p, w u u

w u.

c ub

u b u

bj s. Wk u

b. t k wk

b :

Wt cs d wt hs

= Dht (icdi st d

t t)

= i u

wk

= p w

b u b sc st

b

b u i

aw yj

= r w b

u k

= l

= f wk u

w

= ru -w

= a wk w b b

c g u

w s g.

abu nrega

t National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA, kw National Rural Employment

Guarantee Scheme, NREGS) i auu 25, 2005. t nrega

u u u b u u

w ub wk- uk u wk u u w. t m ru

d (mrd), g i w

t w u w u w u ,

u-k wk bw u i. i b bw

u. ru - u wk u b w.

au b u u ub , w g p.Th g cht ists hshds ft ki qi d isss j cd. Th j cd ctis th

u b / . r ub wk

w ( u uu wk) p o.

t / w u ,

wk w b . t w

b w u 5 k: b 5 k x w w b .


42/50


a u u 100

ds f wk , th nregS hs th siict

fts. Th ch j ists h

i i i d xc th wks

uk u

. a u w

b (s)

id t withi scic id. Th

Stt t is qid t this wc

w u. a

t t hc s iihds

ssti sis c c t

ssts d tc d ii xis

ub u u k, k . t

u uu

. i

u bu u wk. t u

w b u

. t nregs u

d ht t siict it i th

qit f if f wk-ciis css th

u. t u

nregs ii u .

Impact of NREGA

t nrega ub .

l ub u u w ,

u

a p, o rj, w

u w w

w

. t

u nrega. Bu w

auu s? t

w u b u

b . i u nrega

x , bu

x bu

nrega p.

i bu

w

bu x b

bw u, w w

b u u

w,

. hw u nrega

, w

u . i

x u u uu.

f w w b

dd f s wd is ctd

b nregs s. W w

i nregS, qit t th s

wu b wk u . i wu

b

w bu bu

his d. o i th th ss th fd ics hs t

b bu

hih ws. Th i c f nregS

fid t k i t ths s.

f w u wu

x w bu w

b u . Bu bu

wd dit ics th chs.

s

wd d d nrega s sc d th

wu bu

k u w bu w

fi cis. nregS hs ctd w- f

w uk u bu

buu i. a

t s st, d 15 t 20 ct

d i dcit ws sd di th khif

2008 w b

u w bu u.

t bu u k u

x w , u

, -

pujb h. t wu b

d t ics i th tt cst f dc. I

th d c kt, it iht t u .

Labour shortage in various states:

Situation in Tripura

t tu

bu w x n ru


43/50


e gu a (nrega)

u j u , u bb

bu 20-22 wk . Qu

g m lx t c l tu

gu g, m. J c d b

t b u wk mu,

u n,

500 wk. t b bu

b t u

ck chis, it is hw ffcti th qit

u. m. d

idqt fc hd w c f

j u , w

b

u .

Labour shortage in Andhra Pradesh:

s

nrega u z bu b

b u w. B f

u uu wk

w b

n ru e gu

s (nregs). t u

k . t

u b b

bu m

wk . t r r, i mthd d hdqt tw, nizd

u

wk u nregs

fi cit. W t ctit

u

wk, . f u

b x u

wk wk u nrega r

80 t rs 100 s ist rs 60 ffd fs s

w.

a u b K auu U pkk u

, u b

b b w u

bu u nrega. a j

u bu,

nregs

w u

u. rubb

b b

wk t nu u wk

w.

i tu, w b u n ru e

gu s (nregs)

w,

bu.

f x Ku , b

u u

u u bu nregs

u bu

. t w

rs. 700 c f dd c tw sss ck

r. 1,000 u

. s w

u b 50 u

u bu

, s u, w

nregs b u uu ,

u ,

u -

b. o

wu b bu

u, .

a du cu

d f W a r. sub

bu uu

bu bu

nregs x

b u , u

u u nregs

b uk b

u-- .

Situation in Northern India:

a w ,

u pujb h, b bu u

. uiqits s wh d i f bih

Up, Jk o u,

k wk

idd d th n r et

gu a (nrega). W u


44/50


bu b

cstc d stt scts, th i this

i d i th stts f th its.

Bu pujb h

fs cd t scit s f thi d

wk bu ub w bu. c

rj, bu k

w . i b

di th ws t ti th tdi

b b rj

(6) .ud sch cicstcs Fs

fcd t shi t - itsi hct

u , w

w.

Ecological effects due to NREGA

B u,

u u

u bu wu

uu . t ubu bu

b u u ,

b . t wu u

u, ,

u , . t

ub b

u u . m

u , w u

.

a w x u

x,

b uz u

b . B

k

b .

NREGA and its relation to MSP

i w nrega b

j uu . i

b w wu

u u b . i

w w u

w uu g ,

bu g

u s w dqt, hw

ssqt i hd d isti h ss

ub u

w. W g

itd 55 kh ts f wht di 2006-07 t wihtd ic f $205.36

, w u w

t rs 850 qit di th s id .

This td t i xcss f 6 ct

b w . t k

w u

,

bw u, b

b u

u . c g

w

w bu k

pds (pub dbu s)

w , u

b w u

. Therefore it needs

to be emphasized here that henceforth MSP

fixation for various crops and commodities must

be done in accordance with existing principles

and practices and also after taking into due

consideration of the fact that NREGA can also

impact farm gate level prices from now on.

NREGA- varying wage rates affectinginter state agricultural trade

We all know that there has been a tremendous

importance being laid on the inter state trade in

agricultural commodities nowadays. One of the

prime aspects of the Rainbow Revolution is also

the Dismantling of Restrictions on Movement

of Agricultural Commodities throughout thecountry , however in the current scenario where

we find that minimum wages being revised from

time to time by various states to suit their local

economy, and as the nreg a u

w w b

u nrega , some , k


45/50


U p rj, ub

u w r 100 r 58.

t bu

u w

w t i (bpl) w qi f js

u nrega. i b Up

b u uu

bu bu , m

w r 100 w

k u

w b r 100. s k

Kk, pujb, B, mp, hp, ap, Jk

c k u w

k rd

u nrega. However this has invariably led to

a situation where some states are advantageous

with respect to the cost of cultivation of various

Agricultural Commodities as they have to dole out

more money for hiring labourers as compared to

their counterparts in other states and hence are

bound to lose out on this front immensely to the

cultivators of the same crop from other areas.

Conclusions

lbu

uu . a u w u

uw u . pu

w ,

w b u b w

.

t nrega b

b w ju .

Th -t csqcs f th ict

u b k .

s u u

100- u b

w

w . nrega bu

b u

b b

K w bu u nrega

b b rubb , w

b u

b

w shg

b u nrega w

cis. a cc tw nregS

jcts d f-td sst-c wks

nregs ii wu b .

cu u u

. i

b w b

bu nrega w . i

u,

u wu

uw . i b

w u

b . t msp b

u u u

u u. t msp

u b w

z u w

k w . a b

k z nrega w

r. 100 uu. t wu u b

bu w u

u u wu

t with ths. adqt sts st s

k ubz u

x z, u

npK z

b bu . t wu

u

w ,

b w

.

(The authors are Professor/Principal

Scientist and Technical Officer in National

Academy of Agricultural Research Management,

Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 407, e-mail :

[email protected] and ahire@naaram.

ernet.in)


46/50


p u bw c w,

sis Hidi- Chii hi-hi hi

Jk, w u

v su cu

b (st) u. p k

bw bu

u, ,

uu . o b

bw

. s

b, w w u

. r z bu ,

,

b uu x u ,

w k u

bu k . t u b

w

u u

Strange bedfellows in JharkhandAloka Kujur

u w u . t x w Jk w

b u ju bu

w u ,

. su

b , b, , , tv, lcd,

dvd, k u

bk bu.

o u Jk b

i th Chis . o th st fw s

Chis dcts d ds st d thi sc i, w u

css wk t th th f md i Chi

w k.

Th w ch, sf d di i

u . t w

u b bu -, ub

dict t dstd. Di d t cqi


47/50


th its f d if hs si

f this css c th w idd-css. Th

w w u

w , w w ,

d idd c d Chis dcts,

fct t. Wht is dict t dstd is

hw this t wks i th ti s f Jhkhd,

t w b kw b

fst dws ii th dc f th fst

k , u , b w

uu . t w

sci-ct s twid with th fst,

wshii t d i d ss tc

u u. y uu

cit, which hs cid ths tdis f

ii, sd th iq ct d

, c

. i x,

sit s f ifst, sd iti

d sic d with t i its is f

d th th sd cqisi f s

f ch it its; it s dd

csist ct. a csh f ciiizs

wu bu Jk,

s, with th c-xis d dtii it

w.

su k u , b

u a w

w c . mb ,

w u

, bu w .

e w

w ub bu b

b u w . t

w 2000 b c

u b

k bu- u b u.

t w . lbu uu u w

w , w u w w

. i w b bu

b u tv u

i b b . i w

b .

y w

sis, dit f wht thi

ct d tdi stwd th. Th f

, - b

d ht d fciis it thi if ws

u u . i wt ihitd with th sci-ct s

scd thi sic ik with th fst. This

, ux w u u.

gizs d adisis st tw sit ds

, c u bu

! t

si d t cssi wht th ititsi

d ct-ts f h ctisd

. i b -

ks d cists ik. Tht disi c s

k cscis chic d si twds cqii

cs ds cts chi sci-ciciis. It sd siisc d hs t

u u bu

, it shd t id. Th is iw tht it

is i f th wd t t s th

d w f if f th tis i its is . Th

u c u k

th th. Sfd iz wki i th

i d std it s f Tv,

b, , , .

Thi dis cd th fct tht ths hd

c cssis i th is f .Th is s th sct f this if f

ds d tht is th iihd tis f

w k u. i u,

b .

t b u k bu k

b

u w , w

i .

phs this is w tht th ti cis

ii h h sk, i ts w

t thi sis d iis i thiju w . i wu

b w w

b ,

ist disis ihi ths it th st f

. p

(courtesy Charkha features)


48/50


J u mx

su a bu uz w

uu ub- a

a. t b

u a a b puu

. i b

u w i

k m p, m, rj

guj. t u

u k a p

tu.

SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION

K: p

d: eb

c: s

o: m

f: eub

gu: J

s: J.cu

B : J u

lis 1753

FLOWERING & FRUITING

Th t, ws di th i ss with

ccttd wi di J t ast. Th

t dcs wish ws i cs

isccs, with dichsi c . n,

th ws isx, d d f

ws dcd i th s iscc. o

fw ws dcd i iscc.

Th f t f w d

f18:2:1-30:8:1 i th st d 9:8:1-16:2:1

i th scd . F ws qit sii

t th ws i sh, t .

Th ws itd iscts sci

b.

JATROPHA CURCAS L - THE WONDER PLANTDr Manas Ranjan Senapa

Fossil Fuels have been the prime source of energy of power for domesc, transportaon andindustrial sector for more than a century. The rapidly increasing consumpon and consequent depleon

of these reserves clearly show that the end of the fossil fuel era is not very far. For developing countries

like India, rising world prices of crude oil and petroleum is a serious cause for concern. We import

almost 70% of our requirement of crude oil and in future it is likely to increase to 85%. This is high

me to ponder over and to nd an alternave to the fossil fuel. The green fuel Bio diesel is one such

alternave to partly replace the petroleum crude and be the fuel of the future Biodiesel buses are in

use in Europe and in the mid western United States. In India successful test run drives have been done

by using biodiesel produced from Jatropha Curcas (Ratanjyot in Hindi). Shatabdi train was run from

Delhi to Amritsar using B5 (5% biodiesel) blend and no problem was observed during the run.

BOTANICAL FEATURES

Leaves: l -

Flowers: m w

Fruits: fu u w

Seeds: t u w u w

Fig. Jatropha curcas L


49/50


t u u u

bw w

. t u 2.5

, , bk 2-3 . p 100

cti 6.6 H2o,18.2 , 38.0

, 33.5

b, 15.5

b 4.5

. fu u

b sb-

ob. t

b u

w u

w

w u. t

b

, bu

z.

t u

uk b

b b k. i

hs 422 fits/k d 1587 sds/k. Th

100 sd wiht is 63.01 . It fws i ht d

u w w

.

PLANTATION

J u w

ub . t w w

w ,

, . i w

qit is xt w d it c withstd

u b

u .

Th d is d dii s its f

454545 c t th qid sci. pits dw 5 k f y mu . B

dssi fizs shd id t th t

f 20 u + 120 Si s phsht + 16

mu p . 50 m u

(10%) shd ixd with si i ch it s

. J b w td i d

22 , u b 2500

b . i b

td th d f th d s w s th

d f th d t th sci f 1 t. Th

50 w u w

, 200 1500 u. h u

t d f cic cdis.

YIELD

t j

scd f ti, t i iitd qtit.

i , 4-5 k

u 5 w

b b u 40-50

th d f tti. o 30-35 % i

b x j . tu

hct f d 3.5-3.75 T i c

.

CONCLUSION

a w

u b,

J u b u b

ub w ,

t, hih d qit i ctt tc. Th sds

cti 34.4% i tht c cssd thh

.. t

dc hih qit idis. Th dcts

b u

bz .

t , , , u

b w u

k W a.

m u k , ,

kb, , . J u

wu. s J

u su su.

p J w u jb u u

b .

(The author is Professor & Head, Department of

Chemistry, NM Instute of Engineering & Technology,

Bhubaneswar-751019, e-mail: dr_senapa@yahoo.

com)


50/50

Licensed U (DN) 54/2009-11 to post without pre-payment Reg. Number DL(S)-05-3232/2009-11RNI 702/57-Delhi Postal

Date post:	03-Apr-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	tarangtushar
View:	220 times
Download:	0 times

Kurukshetra - April

Documents

Kurukshetra Magazine April 2011

Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra (A+ Grade, NAAC ...

1 KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY KURUKSHETRA (Established by ...

NOTIFICATION 25.3.2010 & 9.6 - Kurukshetra Universitykuk.ac.in/userfiles/file/ordinance/ordinance-amendent.pdf · 2010-09-10 · KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY KURUKSHETRA (Established by

KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY, KURUKSHETRA · KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY, KURUKSHETRA ... Time Dilation, Twin Paradox, Velocity addition theorem, ... (Basic idea, no derivation), Poynting vector

KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY KURUKSHETRA BACHELOR OF …€¦ · 1 KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY KURUKSHETRA BACHELOR OF FASHION AND APPAREL DESIGN (BFAD) SEMESTER-1 Practical / Lab based Courses

KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY, KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY, KURUKSHETRA ABBR. STANDS FOR ˘C ˇ Compartment and to Re-appear in the subject shown, till April, 2012 unless other-wise eligible ˘RLA

KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY KURUKSHETRA SCHEME OF … KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY KURUKSHETRA SCHEME OF STUDIES & EXAMINATIONS B.Tech. 1ST YEAR (SEMESTER–I) COMMON FOR ALL BRANCHES (2004-2005)

Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra Course of … With...Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra Course of Study for B. A. LL. B. ... 304 Constitutional Law of India ... 704 Interpretation

KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY KURUKSHETRA SCHEME OF … · 1 kurukshetra university kurukshetra . scheme of studies & examinations . b.tech. 1. st. year (semester–i) common for all branches

Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra Test Result/M_Sc_ PHYSICS.pdf234 11320260 PRINCE BCA 18 ... 251 11320278 SATYAVAN BCA 36 ... Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra . Kurukshetra University

KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY KURUKSHETRA · KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY KURUKSHETRA (Established by the State Legislature Act-XII of 1956) (A+ Grade, NAAC Accredited) NOTIFICATION In continuation

KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY, KURUKSHETRA · DIRECTORATE OF DISTANCE EDUCATION KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY KURUKSHETRA Registered/ Speed/ Post (Established by the State Legislature Act XII of

KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY, KURUKSHETRA - kuk.ac.inkuk.ac.in/userfiles/file/Result/results2011/MA_Pol_Sc_F.pdf · KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY, KURUKSHETRA ABB. STANDS FOR ˘C ˇ Compartment

DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY - Kurukshetra University :: Kurukshetra

KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY KURUKSHETRA Scheme of Examinations ...gnkckarnal.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/M_ScGeography.pdf · KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY KURUKSHETRA Scheme of Examinations

KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY KURUKSHETRA (Established by the ... · KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY KURUKSHETRA (Established by the State Legislature Act-XII of 1956) (“A” Grade, NAAC Accredited)

Kurukshetra Institute of Technology & Management Kurukshetrakitm.edu.in/kitmadmin/album/upload/1513242099652COURSE_PLAN_EE.pdf · 1 Kurukshetra Institute of Technology & Management,Kurukshetra