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1Challenge the future

Energy in Emerging Markets

Smart Energy Products


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Smart Water Purifier


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The minimum amount of water needed for drinking,

cooking, bathing, and sanitation is 13 gallons (50 liters)

(WHO figure)

The average person in the Netherlands uses only 27 gallons(104 liters) per day for the same tasks.

The average person in the African nation of Gambia uses

only 1.17 gallons (4.5 liters) of water per day.

12 percent of the world's population uses 85 percent of its

water

Facts around the Globe


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Over 780 million do not have access to clean, safe water


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Unsafe water is the biggest killer of

children under five; around 90% ofall diarrheal deaths are in this age

group.


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80% of all illness in the developing world comes from water born

diseases.

For many people in African region, few water sources mean long queues. The

result is many people collect water from polluted sources.


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Our Project


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Method

GranulatedActivated carbon Carbon Block

ReverseOsmosis (RO) Distillation

Ultraviolet(UV)

Impurity

Bacteria POOR AVERAGE POOR GOOD GOOD

Cysts POOR AVERAGE GOOD GOOD GOOD

Asbestos POOR AVERAGE GOOD GOOD -

Heavy Metals LEAD ONLY AVERAGE GOOD GOOD -

Chlorine GOOD GOOD GOOD GOOD -

OrganicMatter AVERAGE GOOD AVERAGE AVERAGE -

OrganicChemicals SOME AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE -

Pesticides SOME SOME AVERAGE AVERAGE -

IMPURITIES vs METHODS


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Tech

nology

Power

Pollutants

Applications

DESIGN

FACTORS


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POLLUTANTS TECHNOLOGY POWER APPLICATIONS

Virus Bacteria

Salts

Metals

Organic-

Material

Micro-organisms

Dust-soil

UV Ray Activated-

Carbon

Reverse

osmosis

(RO)

Membrane Boiling

Ceramic

Filters

Sun

Wind

Human

effort

Electricity

(if

available)

Water

Pollution

Limited

clean water

resources

Disaster No

electricity

WATER FILTERROAD MAP


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Water from

the source

Yes No

Is it Saline

(Salt

Concentration> 1000 ppm )

4 stage

purification3 stage

purification


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3 STAGE PURIFICATION

Water from

Source

Solid block

carbon

UV Light

Polypropylene

Foam/sponge


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Impure Water

Purified Water

Filter Element

UV Ray Generator


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Impure Water

Purified Water

Filter Element

UV Ray Generator


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POLYPROPYLENE FOAM


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PROPERTIES

Bacteria Static Bacteria cannot live or grow on

Propylene surface.

Can filter particulate size up-to 5 microns

Long lasting

Cost effective

Flexible, hence can be molded into any shape

Melting point : 160-171 degree celcius


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GRANULATED CARBON BLOCK


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PROPERTIES

Filters up-to 1 microns (smallest bacterias size is 3 microns)

one gram of activated carbon has a surface area in excess of

500 m2

Coconut shell carbon block eco friendly

Economical


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Polypropylene Foam

20 mm thick

Solid Block Carbon

20 mm

Casing / Cage

SECTIONAL VIEW OF

FILTER ARRAY


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Polypropylene Foam

Solid Block Carbon

Casing / Cage

TOP VIEW OF FILTER

ARRAY


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DISADVATAGES

Polypropylene is liable to chain degradation from exposure

to heat and UV radiation


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4 STAGE PURIFICATION

Water fromSource

Solar

evaporative

distillationSolid block

carbon

UV Ray

Polypropylene

Foam/sponge


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DISTILLATION TANK


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4 Stage Filtration

Distillation Tank

Filter

Solar Panel Heating element


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OUTPUT ANALYSIS (Distillation without Heating element)

Net solar insolation (Q) = 2200 KWh/m2 year

365

= 6.027 KWh/m2 day

Latent heat of vaporization of water (L) = 2160 KJ/Kg

Efficiency = 0.71

Solar Distillation output (Kg/m2 day) = Q / L

= 0.71 X 6.027 X 3.6 X 106 =

2160 X 1037.13 L / m2


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OUTPUT ANALYSIS (Distillation with heating element)

Net solar insolation (Q) = 2200 KWh/m2 year

365

= 6.027 KWh/m2 day

Heat addition = 6 KWh

Latent heat of vaporization of water (L) = 2160 KJ/Kg

Coefficient of performance = 0.71

Solar Distillation output (Kg/m2 day) = Q / L

= {(0.71 X 6.027) + 6 } X 3.6 X 106 =

2160 X 10317.13 L / m2


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Giardia cysts

Size 6 -10 microns

Main cause of Diarrhea


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Bacteria: e-coli, giardia, fecal coliform, cholera andcysts

Inorganic: heavy metals, fluoride

Organics: chemicals such as chlorine, benzene, etc.

Radionuclides: radium 226/228, uranium

Particulates: dirt, sand, rust, etc.

Distillation working on evaporation does not requireSunlight hence will work during night also

Advantages


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Desalinisation using solar energy

Desalination using reverse osmosis

Costs

Distillation 0.35 $/m3 to 0.70 $/m3

Reverse osmosis 0.50 $/m3

Reverse

Osmoses

Multi Effect

Distillation

ECONOMIC / COST ANALYSIS


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Challenges to be faced

User acceptance

Infrastructure integration

Governmental regulations

SOCIETY/USER ISSUES


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Portable small size

Cost efficient

High efficiency

Easy maintenance

USER ACCEPTANCE


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No major changes required

Mounting solar cell on roofs

Distillation tank on roof

Subsidy from government in replacement/exchange of component

INFRASTRUCTURE INTEGRATION/

GOVERNMENTAL REGULATIONS


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Date post:	08-Aug-2018
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