KVI – GroningenKVI – GroningenFundamental InteractionsFundamental Interactions

Klaus JungmannKlaus JungmannRECFA Meeting, Amsterdam, 23 September 2005RECFA Meeting, Amsterdam, 23 September 2005

AGOR

KVI – GroningenKVI – GroningenFundamental InteractionsFundamental Interactions

Klaus JungmannKlaus JungmannRECFA Meeting, Amsterdam, 23 September 2005RECFA Meeting, Amsterdam, 23 September 2005

AGOR

8 MЄ annual running budget

22 scientists ~20 students ~ 100 people total

KVI – GroningenKVI – GroningenFundamental InteractionsFundamental Interactions

Klaus JungmannKlaus JungmannRECFA Meeting, Amsterdam, 23 September 2005RECFA Meeting, Amsterdam, 23 September 2005

AGOR

• Science• Education: International Research School FANTOM (NL,F,B,D,S) study weeks e.g. on Neutrinos in Physics and Cosmology

KVI – GroningenKVI – GroningenFundamental InteractionsFundamental Interactions

Klaus JungmannKlaus JungmannRECFA Meeting, Amsterdam, 23 September 2005RECFA Meeting, Amsterdam, 23 September 2005

AGOR

ScientificScientific ProgramsPrograms• AGORAGOR• RRPP • Interacting HadronsInteracting Hadrons• Nuclear Structure and its Nuclear Structure and its Implications forImplications for AstrophysicsAstrophysics• Atomic Physics• Nuclear Geophysics

ScientificScientific ProgramsPrograms• AGORAGOR• RRPP

ScientificScientific ProgramsPrograms• AGORAGORirradiation• RRPP • KVI Partnership Program

ScientificScientific ProgramsPrograms• AGORAGOR• RRPP • Astroparticle PhysicsAstroparticle Physics

ScientificScientific ProgramsPrograms• AGORAGOR• RRPP • Astroparticle PhysicsAstroparticle Physics• Collaboration with GSICollaboration with GSI

• Accelerator PhysicsAccelerator Physics• Atomic PhysicsAtomic Physics• Nuclear Structure Nuclear Structure Nuclear Astrophys.Nuclear Astrophys.• PANDAPANDA

Up to recentlty:Continued FundingFuture: 2007 - 2013

KVI – GroningenKVI – GroningenFundamental InteractionsFundamental Interactions

Klaus JungmannKlaus JungmannRECFA Meeting,Amsterdam, 23 September 2005RECFA Meeting,Amsterdam, 23 September 2005

AGOR

TRITRIP P

TTrappedrapped RRadioactive adioactive IIsotopes:sotopes: icrolaboratorieicrolaboratoriess forfor fundamentalfundamental PPhysivshysivs

Users FacilityUsers Facility Scientific FOCUS on:Scientific FOCUS on:Fundamental Symmetries and Fundamental Symmetries and InteractionsInteractions CP / T - violation -decays EDM searches

TRITRIPP TTrapped RRadioactive IIsotopes:

icrolaboratories for Fundamental PPhysics

TheoryNuclearPhysics

ExperimentNuclearPhysics

AtomicPhysics

funding:funding: people people (scientists)(scientists)::G. Berg, U. Dammalapati, S. De, S. Dean, P. Dendooven, O. Dermois, M.N. Harakeh, R. Hoekstra, K. Jungmann, A. Mol, R. Morgenstern,C.J.G. Onderwater, A. Rogachevskiy, O.Scholten, M. Sohani, R. Timmermans, E. Traykov, L. Willmann, H.W. Wilschut + many more colleagues providing support

project project programprogram 2001 2001 20132013

Fundamental Interactions – Standard Model

StrongStrong

GravitationGravitation

??

MagnetismMagnetism

ElectricityElectricityMaxwell

Glashow,Salam, t'Hooft,

Veltman,WeinbergWeakWeak

ElectroElectro --MagnetismMagnetism

ElectroElectro --WeakWeakStandard ModelStandard Model

GrantGrandUnificationUnification

not yet known?not yet known? Physics outside Standard ModelPhysics outside Standard ModelSearches for New PhysicsSearches for New Physics

Physics within the Standard ModelPhysics within the Standard Model

Some Questions related to Some Questions related to TRITRIPP Physics Physics

• Origin of Parity ViolationOrigin of Parity Violation in Weak Interactions in Weak Interactions

• (nature prefers lefthandedness)(nature prefers lefthandedness)

details of details of -decays-decays

Na, Ne, Ca isotopesNa, Ne, Ca isotopes

• Dominance of MatterDominance of Matter over Antimatterover Antimatter in Universe in Universe ??

CP - Violation, Time Reversal Symmetry, Parity ViolationCP - Violation, Time Reversal Symmetry, Parity Violation

permanent permanent EElectric lectric DDipole ipole MMoments ?oments ?

Ra isotopesRa isotopes DeuteronsDeuterons

TRITRIPPPossibilities to Test New ModelsPossibilities to Test New Models

High Energies High Energies & Direct Observations& Direct Observations

Low EnergiesLow Energies& Precision Measurement& Precision Measurement

New Interactions in Nuclear New Interactions in Nuclear -Decay-Decay

In Standard Model:Weak Interaction is

V-A

In general -decaycould be also

S , P, T

Vector [Tensor]

+

e

[ ][ ]

Scalar [Axial vector]

+

e

[ ][ ]

TRITRIPP

• R and D test both TTime RReversal VViolation• DD most potential • RR scalar and tensor (EDM, a)• technique D measurements yield a, A, b, B

New Interactions in Nuclear New Interactions in Nuclear -Decay-Decay

In Standard Model:Weak Interaction is

V-A

In general -decaycould be also

S , P, T

TRITRIPP

21Na (Berkeley)Scielzo,Freedman, Fujikawa, VetterPRL 93, 102501-1 (2004)

a exp = 0.5243(91) a theor = 0.558(6)

38mK (TRIUMF)A. Gorelov et al.PRL 94, 142501 (2005) a exp = 0.9978(30)(37) a theor = 1

} -branching?

TRITRIPP Radium Permanent Radium Permanent EElectric lectric DDipole ipole MMomentoment

EDMEDMss violateviolate- P- Parityarity- T- Time Reversalime Reversal-CP -CP SymmetrySymmetry

AdvantageAdvantage over “best“ atom so far (over “best“ atom so far (199199Hg)Hg)

- close states of opposite parity - close states of opposite parity several several 10 000 enhancement10 000 enhancement possible possible- some nuclei strongly deformed- some nuclei strongly deformed may give may give nuclear enhancementnuclear enhancement

66

Some Some EDMEDM Experiments compared Experiments compared

1.610-27

•

Start TRIP

•199Hg

Radium potential

de (SM) < 10-37

molecules:

New 2004 from muon g-2:New 2004 from muon g-2:d (muon) < 2.8d (muon) < 2.8 1010-19-19

after E.Hinds

TRITRIPPPossible Sources of EDMsPossible Sources of EDMs

IonCatcher

RFQCooler

MOT

Beyond the Standard

ModelTeV Physics

Nu

clea

r P

hys

ics

Ato

mic

Ph

ysic

sP

arti

cle

Ph

ysic

s

ProductionTarget

MagneticSeparator

MeV

meV

keV

eV

neV

AGORcyclotron

AGOR cyclotronIon catcher (thermal ioniser or gas-cell)

Low energy beam line

RFQ cooler/buncher MOT

MOT

D

D

DD

Q

QQ

Q Q

QQ

Q

Magnetic separator

Production target

TRITRIP FacilityP Facility

Degrader selection

Focal plane dE detector: dE-TOF

21Na

80 kcps / 25pnA 21Ne

L. Achouri et al.

separatorseparator

laser lablaser lab

TheoryNuclearPhysicsExperiment

NuclearPhysics

AtomicPhysics

TRITRIPP

Key Issues and ExperimentsKey Issues and ExperimentsTRITRIPP

• TRITRIP P will be awill be a user facilityuser facility open to outside users open to outside users (first users from France already in 2004!)(first users from France already in 2004!)

• KVIKVI will concentrate will concentrate firstfirst on on CP/ T violation – electroweak testsCP/ T violation – electroweak tests ** - decay (- decay (20,2120,21Na, Na, 1919Ne, Ne, 3939Ca)Ca) ** electric dipole moments (Ra, d ) electric dipole moments (Ra, d ) applicationsapplications * * ALCATRAZALCATRAZ (rare Ca isotope detection) (rare Ca isotope detection)

TRITRIPP

41Ca

The ALCATRAZ Experimenta precursor for TRIP (R. Hoekstra, R. Morgenstern et al.) Early Spin Off

10-12 sensititivity reached working towards 10-14

Key Issues and ExperimentsKey Issues and ExperimentsTRITRIPP

• TRITRIP P will be awill be a user facilityuser facility open to outside users open to outside users (first users from France already in 2004!)(first users from France already in 2004!)

• KVIKVI will concentrate will concentrate firstfirst on on CP/ T violation – electroweak testsCP/ T violation – electroweak tests ** - decay (- decay (20,2120,21Na, Na, 1919Ne, Ne, 3939Ca)Ca) ** electric dipole moments (Ra, d ) electric dipole moments (Ra, d ) applicationsapplications * * ALCATRAZALCATRAZ (rare Ca isotope detection) (rare Ca isotope detection)

• OUTSIDE USERSOUTSIDE USERS

** 2121Na branching ratio Na branching ratio (France) (France) completed completed * * 1919Ne lifetime Ne lifetime (USA)(USA) completed completed

* d-EDM ring experiment * d-EDM ring experiment on its way on its way

(USA, Russia, Italy, Germany …)(USA, Russia, Italy, Germany …) * * 1212N, N, 1212BB-decays into 3 -decays into 3

(Scandinavia) (Scandinavia) LOI LOI * * single ion parity experiments single ion parity experiments (USA) (USA) discussed discussed

… …

AGOR is Indispensable for TRIAGOR is Indispensable for TRIP at P at KVIKVI

Precison experiments require Precison experiments require time to develop: time to develop: AGOR & KVI idealAGOR & KVI ideal ( compare ISOLDE @ CERN( compare ISOLDE @ CERN or AD @ CERN )or AD @ CERN )

Various upgrades and adaptationsVarious upgrades and adaptations• New BeamsNew Beams

• e.g. e.g. 208208PbPb• new sources (metals)new sources (metals)• improved transmissionimproved transmission• … …....

• High Power High Power ( 100W…1 kW)( 100W…1 kW)

• new extractionnew extraction• beam stopsbeam stops• beam monitoringbeam monitoring• … …....

S . Brandenburg &CoS . Brandenburg &Co

TRITRIPP

muon g-2muon g-2

Spin precessionSpin precessionin (electro-)in (electro-)magnetic fieldmagnetic field

charged particle EDMcharged particle EDM

Spin precessionSpin precessionin (electro-)in (electro-)magnetic fieldmagnetic field

(g-2)(g-2): Result after a long series : Result after a long series

of precision measurementsof precision measurements andandtheory efforttheory effort

including

KLOE-Measurement

11 659 000 ∙ 1010

(g-2)(g-2) aa challenge for theorychallenge for theory

muon g-2muon g-2

Spin precessionSpin precessionin (electro-)in (electro-)magnetic fieldmagnetic field

charged particle EDMcharged particle EDM

Spin precessionSpin precessionin (electro-)in (electro-)magnetic fieldmagnetic field

d d d

Searches for Searches for EDMs in charged particles:s in charged particles:Novel Method invented Novel Method invented

Motional Electric Fields exploitedMotional Electric Fields exploited

International Collaboration(USA, Russia, Japan, Italy, Germany, NL, …)

• 3 possible sites discussed: BNL, KVI, Frascati

• Limit dD <10-27 …10-29 e cm

• Can be >10 times more sensitive than neutron dn

G. Onderwater et al.

R0 1..2 m

TRITRIPP

Goals of TRIGoals of TRIP @KVIP @KVI• Study fundamental interactions using stored (radioactive) Study fundamental interactions using stored (radioactive) isotopesisotopes

• A facility is created for KVI scientists and outside usersA facility is created for KVI scientists and outside users (the first groups are already active, proposals P01,P02,P03,P04 )(the first groups are already active, proposals P01,P02,P03,P04 )

General Time LinesGeneral Time Lines

• Project started 2001; setup facility until end 2005Project started 2001; setup facility until end 2005

• TRITRIP became a managed program in July 2001P became a managed program in July 2001

• Exploitation of facility until 2013 Exploitation of facility until 2013 (also in new FOM strategic plan from 2004)(also in new FOM strategic plan from 2004)

Facility Setup is more or less on ScheduleFacility Setup is more or less on Schedule

• Opportunities for low energyOpportunities for low energy Fundamental Symmetries and Interaction researchFundamental Symmetries and Interaction research• TRITRIPP Facility ready for first users Facility ready for first users

Thank YOU !

mirror image time time

matter anti-matter

anti-particle particle e+ e-

P C T

from H.W. Wilschut

Generic EDM ExperimentGeneric EDM Experiment

Polarization Spin RotationDeterminationof Ensemble Spin average

PreparationPreparation of

“pure“ J stateJ state

Interaction Interaction with

EE - field - field

AnalysisAnalysisof

statestate

Example: d=10-24 e cm, E=100 kV/cm, J=1/2e 15.2 mHz

Electric Dipole Moment: d = x c-1 J

Spin precession : e hJ

dJ

contains all physics –contains all physics –

““e cm” values by themselves

e cm” values by themselves

not very helpfulnot very helpful

xx = e= eħħ/2m/2m

xx