KwgDwbwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ kZfvM m¨vwb‡Ukb (wmGjwUGm) wb‡`©wkKv
© CARE/ ASWA II Project
2 KwgDwbwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ kZfvM m¨vwb‡Ukb (wmGjwUGm) wb‡`©wkKv
K…ZÁZv ¯^xKvi
KwgDwbwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ †UvUvj m¨vwb‡Ukb (wmGjwUGm) Kg©m~Pxi welqwU 1999 mvj †_‡K cvBjwUs ïiæ nq evsjv‡`kmn c„w_exi
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Dbœqb jÿgvÎv (GmwWwR) BZ¨vw` D‡jøL Kivi gZ| †`‡k Ges AvšÍR©vwZKfv‡e Iqvk mswkøó †h wewfbœ ÷vwW¸‡jv nq †hgb
MICS, †RGgwc, Møvm BZ¨vw` †mLv‡bI 100% m¨vwb‡Ukb welqwU‡K ¸iæZ¡ †`qv nq| 100% m¨vwb‡Ukb I Gi MyYMZgvb Dbœqbmn, Iqvk †m±‡ii Dbœq‡bi MwZ mÂv‡i G mKj WKz‡g›U ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv iv‡L| GB wb‡`©wkKvwU g¨vbyqvj e¨envi
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¯’vbxqfv‡e Dchy³ c×wZ I Uzjm D™¢ve‡b hv‡Z AR©b I KwgDwbwUi AskÖMÖnb I ÿgvZvqb Z¡ivwš^Z nq hv †gvU m¨vwb‡Ukb
Ges Gi evB‡iI cÖfve †d‡j|
AR©b h‡_ó n‡jI †m±‡ii GKwU mvaviY Dcjwä nj, KwgDwbwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ †UvUvj m¨vwb‡Ukb (wmGjwUGm) cÖwkÿY Kvh©µg
AwaKZi MwZm¤úbœ Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| Gi g~‡j i‡q‡Q ̄ ’vbxq ch©v‡q ̀ ÿ Rbkw³ ̂ Zix Ges MYm‡PZbZv e„w×| d‡j mvgwMÖK KvRwU
e¨vcK wfwËK Ges kÖgmv‡c¶ n‡e| mswkøó mK‡ji AskMÖnY Ges mvwe©K mnvqZvq GKvRwU m¤úv`b Ges MvBWjvBbwU‡K G
ch©v‡q wb‡q Avmv m¤¢e nq|
GB KwgDwbwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ †UvUvj m¨vwb‡Ukb (wmGjwUGm) cÖwkÿb MvBWjvBbwU Avgv‡`i †`‡k ¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm‡K g~‡j †i‡L 100%
m¨vwb‡Ukb wbwðZ Ki‡Z cÖbqb Kiv n‡q‡Q hv GmwWwR 6.2 Gi mv‡_ m½wZc~b©| gvV ch©vq †_‡K ïiæ K‡i †Rjv ch©vq ch©šÍ
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wefv‡Mi, mv‡÷B‡bej †mvm¨vj mvwf©‡mm (GmGmGm) CHT cvov Kg©x hviv nvBwRb cÖ‡gvkb, gwbUwis Ges mÿgZv e„w×i Rb¨ g~j fzwgKv cvjb K‡ib Zv‡`i‡K we‡ePbvq wb‡q KwgDwbwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ †UvUvj m¨vwb‡Ukb (wmGjwUGm) cÖwkÿY Kg©m~Px
ev¯Íevq‡b cÖvwZôvwbK f‚wgKv I `vwqZ¡ web¨v‡m GB MvBWjvBbwU ˆZix Kiv n‡q‡Q|
GB cÖ‡Póv BDwb‡m‡di Iqvk †mKkb -Gi D‡`¨vM e¨wZZ m¤úbœ n‡Zv bv; Zv‡`i GB AvšÍwiK D`¨g I mnvqZvi Rb¨ Iqvk
†mKk‡bi Iqvk †¯ckvwjó wg. gwbiæj Avj‡gi Kv‡Q Avgiv K…ZÁ| wbijm cÖ‡Póvq wb‡ew`Z †_‡K G KvRwU mym¤úbœ Kivi
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GB MvBWjvBb cÖYq‡b Iqvk †mKkb cÖavb wnmv‡e, wg. `viv Rb‡÷vb Gi Ae`v‡bi ¸iæZ¡I wWwcGBPB Gi wbKU Acwimxg|
BDwb‡m‡di †Rvbvj Iqvk Awdmvi‡`i g~j¨evb gZvgZ I civgk© cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ Avgiv ab¨ev` RvbvB|
GB wel‡q Ôe`vb¨Zv I cÖej AvMÖn cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ AvgivÕ ¯’vbxq miKvi, cjøx Dbœqb I mgevq gš¿Yvj‡qi mswkøó Kg©KZ©v‡`i
cÖwZI K…ZÁ| Dbœqb mn‡hvMx‡`i cÖwZwbwae„›`, wkÿv I M‡elYv cÖwZóvbmg~n, RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK GbwRImg~n, †emiKvix
D‡`¨v³vMY Ges ¯^Zš¿ we‡klÁe„‡›`i Kv‡Q Zuv‡`i g~j¨evb mgq, we‡kl `ÿZv, cvwÛZ¨ Ges m~²`„wó w`‡q GB MvBWjvBbwU
cÖYq‡b Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ Avgiv K…ZÁ| †`‡ki cÖZ¨šÍ GjvKvi RbcÖwZwbwa I DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i cÖwZI Avgiv K…ZÁ, hviv wewfbœ
mfvq Zvu‡`i AwfÁZv wewbgq K‡i‡Qb |
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Rvbv‡ev wWwcGBPB Gi me gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©x‡`i, hviv GB MvBWjvBbwU ˆZix‡Z Zv‡`i ev¯Íe Ávb I AwfÁZv Avgv‡`i m‡½
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Avgiv AvšÍwiKfv‡e Avkv Kwi, KwgDwbwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ †UvUvj m¨vwb‡Ukb (wmGjwUGm) cÖwkÿY MvBWjvBbwU ev¯Íevqb evsjv‡`‡ki
100% m¨vwb‡Uk‡bi ¸YMZgv‡bi DbœwZ NUv‡e Ges GB A‡ji wmGjwUGm e¨e¯’vcbvq AMÖbx f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡e|
Gn‡Z kvgyj iv‡mj Lvb
cÖKí cwiPvjK
wRIwe-BDwb‡md Iqvk cÖ‡R±
Rb¯^v¯’¨ cÖ‡KŠkj Awa`ßi (wWwcGBPB)
3KwgDwbwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ kZfvM m¨vwb‡Ukb (wmGjwUGm) wb‡`©wkKv
m~ wP c ÎAa¨vq c„ôv bs:
Aa¨vq 01: f~wgKv I cUf~wg- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5
1.1 evsjv‡`‡k †Lvjv RvqMvq gjZ¨vM (IwW)-Gi cwiw¯’wZ--------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5
1.2 wmGjwUGm-Gi ¸iæZ¡- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5
1.3 wmGjwUGm B›Uvi‡fÝb Gi D‡Ïk¨--------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6
1.4 wmGjwUGm-Gi cÖavb †KŠkj---------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6
1.5 wb‡`©wkKvi D‡Ïk¨--------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7
1.6 wb‡`©wkKvi Uv‡M©U MÖæc/Afxó‡Mvôx-------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7
Aa¨vq 02: wmGjwUGm-Gi mvaviY weeiY- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8
2.1 msÁv mn wmGjwUGm wK?--------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8
2.2 wmGjwUGm-Gi cÖ¾¡jb--------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8
Aa¨vq 03: wmGjwUGm Gi cÖavb avcmg~n- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10
3.1 wmGjwUGm wUªMvi Kivi avcmg~n--------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10
Aa¨vq 04: wcÖ-wUªMvwis- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12
4.1 KwgDwbwU wbe©vPb--------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12
4.2 KwgDwbwUi mv‡_ cwiwPZ nIqv Ges m¤úK© ˆZwi Kiv- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13
Aa¨vq 05: wUªMvwis- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14
5.1 AskMÖnYg~jK m¨vwb‡Ukb we‡kølY--------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14
5.2 BMwbkb/cÖ¾¡jb gyûZ©-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 19
Aa¨vq 06: †cv÷-wUªMvwis- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 20
6.1 KwgDwbwU Øviv Kg©cwiKíbv cÖYqb (A¨vKkb cø¨vwbs)-------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 20
6.2 AMÖMwZ Ges d‡jvAvc--------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 22
Aa¨vq 07: IwWGd †NvlYv, ˆeaZv/hvPvB, mb`cÖ`vb (mvwU©wd‡Kkb) Ges D`hvcb- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 23
7.1 IwWGd †NvlYv-------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 23
7.2 ˆeaZv/hvPvB- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 24
7.2.1 hvPvB‡qi †fwi‡qej/cwieZ©bkxj--------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 24
7.2.2 KwgDwbwU‡K DØy×KiY cÖwµqv: cZvKv c×wZ---------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 25
7.2.2.1 njy` cZvKv-------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 25
7.2.2.2 meyR cZvKv (IwWGd-Gi cÖ_g ch©v‡qi mvwU©wd‡Kkb)--------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 25
7.2.2.3 jvj cZvKv--------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 26
7.3 mvwU©wd‡Kkb Ges D`&hvcb--------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 26
7.3.1 mvwU©wd‡Kkb Ges D`&hvc‡bi cÖwµqv-------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 26
7.3.2. IwWGd D`&hvcb--------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 27
7.3.3 mb` cÖvwß †_‡K D`&hvcb ch©šÍ IwWGd cÖevnwPÎ (‡d¬vPvU©)------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 27
Aa¨vq 08: m¤úªmvib ev †¯‹wjs Avc Ges †cv÷ wUªMvwis‡qi c‡i- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 28
8.1 m¤úªmvib †¯‹wjs Avc Ges wmGjwUGm Gi evB‡i- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 28
4 KwgDwbwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ kZfvM m¨vwb‡Ukb (wmGjwUGm) wb‡`©wkKv
1.1 evsjv‡`‡k †LvjvRvqMvq gjZ¨vM (IwW)-Gi cwiw¯’wZ
RvZxqfv‡e, evsjv‡`k DbœZ cvwb mieivn I m¨vwb‡Uk‡b mve©Rbxb AwfMg¨Zvi j¶¨ AR©‡bi c‡_ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ AMÖMwZ AR©b
K‡i‡Q| †RGgwc 2017 Abyhvqx, RbmsL¨vi cÖvq 1% GLbI †Lvjv RvqMvq gjg~Î Z¨vM K‡i †hLv‡b 47% DbœZ m¨vwb‡Ukb
myweav e¨envi K‡i (fvM K‡i †bqv/mxwgZ cwi‡mevw` 22% aiv nqwb); Kvh©Kix ̄ ^v¯’¨wewa Abykxjb RvZxqfv‡e GKwU P¨v‡jÄ,
KviY Rwi‡c †`Lv hvq †h †KejgvÎ 40% †gŠwjK ¯^v¯’¨wewa †hgb, cvqLvbvi ci mvevb I cvwb w`‡q nvZ †avq|
†Uwej 1: †hŠ_ gwbUwis †cÖvMÖvg wi‡cvU© 2017 (wek¦¯^v¯’¨ ms¯’v/BDwb‡md 2017)
evsjv‡`k cvwb m¨vwb‡Ukb ¯^v¯’¨wewa
(%) RvZxq MÖvgvÂj knivÂj RvZxq * MÖvgvÂj knivÂj * RvZxq MÖvgvÂj knivÂj
2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015
wbivc‡` cwiPvwjZ 56 61 45 - 32 - - - -
†gŠwjK cwi‡mev 42 36 53 47 11 54 40 31 58
mxwgZ cwi‡mev 1 1 1 22 19 29 45 51 32
AbybœZ 1 1 1 31 38 18 - - -
†Kv‡bv †mev †bB 1 1 1 0 0 0 15 18 10
1.2 wm. Gj. wU. Gm.-Gi ¸iæZ¡
mK‡ji Rb¨ wbivc` m¨vwb‡Ukb myweav cÖ`vb Kiv evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii GKwU cÖavb Dbœqb j¶¨gvÎv| MZ `yB `k‡K evsjv‡`k
miKvi cvwb mieivn I m¨vwb‡Ukb mve‡m±‡i D‡jøL‡hvM¨ 98% AMÖMwZ AR©b K‡i‡Q, we‡klZ Kfv‡i‡Ri w`K w`‡q aiv
n‡Zv Uq‡j‡Ui msL¨v wKsev GKwU wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b gjZ¨vM Kiv Ges DbœZ m¨vwb‡Uk‡bi gvÎv wQj 67% (GgwWwR Abyhvqx)| GB
AMÖMwZwU ¤øvb n‡Z ïiæ K‡i Ges GmwWwRi msÁv Abyhvqx gvÎ 47% †gŠwjK m¨vwb‡Uk‡b n«vm †c‡q‡Q hv MÖvgv‡j 11%
(†Uwej 2) Ges †Lvjv RvqMvq gjg~Î Z¨vM 1%| GmwWwR (6.2) Abyhvqx 2030 mv‡ji g‡a¨ evsjv‡`k‡K wbivc‡` cwiPvwjZ
m¨vwb‡Ukb (GmwWwR‡Z m¨vwb‡Uk‡bi kxl©¯’vbxq avc ev 5g avc) AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e hv miKv‡ii c‡¶ AR©b GKwU Ab¨Zg
P¨v‡jÄ| Rbmvavi‡Yi m‡PZbZv, `¶ gvbe m¤ú`, Avw_©K, kvmbe¨e¯’v, cÖvwZôvwbK, ivR‰bwZK A½xKvi Ges AMÖvwaKvi,
AvBbk„•Ljv i¶v mn bvbvwea Afve c~i‡Y mxgve×Zv i‡qQ| 2021 mv‡ji g‡a¨ A¨vw·jv‡i‡UW m¨vwb‡Ukb A¨vÛ IqvUvi di
Aj (G.Gm.Wveøyy 2) cÖK‡íi Aax‡b m¨vwb‡Ukb j¶¨ AR©‡bi wbwi‡L Rbm‡PZbZv, Aby‡cÖiYv Ges msnwZi Rb¨ AvPiYMZ
cwieZ©b GKwU P¨v‡jÄ hvi Dbœq‡b miKvi Ges BDwb‡md †hŠ_fv‡e A½xKvi Ki‡Q wWGdAvBwWÕi mv‡_| ZvB, BDwb‡m‡di
j¶¨ wQj KwgDwbwU †Rv‡Ui gva¨‡g j¶¨ AR©b Ges wm.Gj.wU.Gm. cÖeZ©‡bi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i AskMÖn‡Yi c×wZ wn‡m‡e GwU
AR©‡bi cwiKíbv Kiv| GwU 1999 mv‡j (wm.Gj.wU.Gm.-Gi cÖeZ©‡bi mgq) evsjv‡`‡k RvZxq m¨vwb‡Ukb Kfv‡i‡Ri Rb¨
A‡bK Ae`vb †i‡L‡Q Ges GLb GwU AvÂwjK mxgv Qvwo‡q †`k, AÂj I gnv‡`‡k we¯Í„wZ jvf K‡i‡Q| GB c×wZwU ¯’vbxq
m¤úª`vq¸wj‡K Zv‡`i m¨vwb‡Ukb Ae¯’vi we‡kølY Ki‡Z Ges mve©Rbxb ¯^v¯’¨ Ges Avkcv‡ki mvgwMÖK cwi‡e‡k †LvjvRvqMvq
gj Z¨vM (OD) Gi fqvbK cÖfve‡K GKwÎZ Ki‡Z m¶g K‡i| hLb wbqgZvwš¿Kfv‡e RbMY‡K D¾xweZ Kiv hvq Ges GKRb mÂvj‡Ki gva¨‡g Ô†bv-nvW©Iq¨vi mvewmwWÕ bxwZ I gywôe× Aby`vb wenxb c×wZ, †Lvjv RvqMvq gjg~ÎZ¨vM cwinvi
Kivi †¶‡Î wm.Gj.wU.Gm. Riæix hv ¯’vbxq c`‡¶c‡K cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Aa¨vq t f~wgKv I cUf~wg 01
5KwgDwbwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ kZfvM m¨vwb‡Ukb (wmGjwUGm) wb‡`©wkKv
1.3 wm.Gj.wU.Gm. Kvh©µg Gi D‡Ïk¨ g~j D‡Ïk¨ nj IwWGd ev †Lvjv RvqMvq gjg~Î Z¨vM wenxb cwi‡e‡k emevmKvix mK‡ji Rb¨ †gŠwjK m¨vwb‡Ukb Z¡ivwš^Z
KiY Ges GmwWwR 6 (6.2) AbymiY Kiv| wm.Gj.wU.Gm.-Gi wbw`©ó j¶¨¸wj wbgœiƒct
● AskMÖnYg~jK c×wZ e¨envi K‡i DbœZ m¨vwb‡Ukb wbwðZ Kiv Ges †Kvb fZ©ywK bv †`qv● m¨vwb‡Ukb ¯^v¯’¨ wewai Abykxjb DbœZ Kivi Rb¨ Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡a¨ m‡PZbZv evov‡bv● mevi Rb¨ cwi‡ekMZ cwi”QbœZv Ges ¯^v¯’¨wewa ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ m¤úª`vq/†Mvôx †Kw›`ªK †KŠkj¸‡jv Dbœqb Kiv● m¤§yLmvixi m¤úªmviY Kg©x‡`i MvBW Kivi Rb¨ wm.Gj.wU.Gm. Pvjy Kiv
1.4 wm.Gj.wU.Gm.-Gi cÖavb †KŠkj
mKj KwgDwbwUi AskMÖnY mKj KwgDwbwUi AskMÖnY Db¥y³ ̄ ’v‡b gjZ¨vM ̀ ~i K‡i m¤úª`v‡qi †gŠwjK/DbœZ m¨vwb‡Ukb cÖPv‡i, mKj m¤úª`v‡qi AskMÖnY
LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| Avw_©K Ae¯’v, gb-gvbwmKZv Ges ms¯‹…wZi wfwˇZ KwgDwbwU‡Z wewfbœ †kÖYxi gvbyl i‡q‡Q| myZivs, wm.Gj.
wU.Gm.-G KwgDwbwUi AskMÖnY n‡”Q cÖavb cÖ‡qvRb|
k~Y¨ fZ©ywK
fZ©ywK, c~Y©v½ Kfv‡iR Ges †KvbI B›Uvi‡f݇bi `xN©‡gqv`x/†UKmB ¯’vwqZ¡ AR©‡bi Rb¨ GKgvÎ mgvavb bq| Kv‡RB,
Aby‡cÖiYv, mgv‡ek, AskMÖnY Ges gvby‡li AwaKvi †eva Rb¥v‡bv n‡”Q ¯’vqxZ¡, we¯Ívi Ges evB‡ii mnvqZvi Ici wbf©iZv
n«vm Kivi †cQ‡b g~jKviY| ewnivMZ mg_©b ev bM` mvnvh¨ Uq‡j‡Ui ¯^í mg‡qi mgvavb n‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ IwWG‡di †UKmB
mgvav‡bi †¶‡Î k~b¨ fZ©ywK †`evi c×wZwU LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
ïaygvÎ md&UIq¨vi B›Uvi‡fÝbcvwb mieivn, m¨vwb‡Ukb Ges nvZ †aŠZ Kivi myweav ¸wji nvW©Iq¨vi mv‡cvU© DbœZ ¯^v¯’¨ Ges ¯^v¯’¨wewa DbœZ Kivi GKgvÎ
mgvavb bq| eis md&U Iq¨vi mv‡cv‡U©i mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z Kg©KvÛ jw¶Z Rb‡Mvôxi Rb¨ AviI mwµq cwi‡ek ̂ Zwi Ki‡Z cv‡i|
¯’vbxq m¤ú` AvniY
¯’vbxq m¤ú` AvniY Ges Gi m‡e©vËg e¨envi wbwðZ Kiv Iqvk Kfv‡iR DbœZ Ki‡Z Ges GmwWwR j¶¨ AR©‡b LyeB
¸iæZ¡c~Y©| m¤ú`mg~n RbmvaviY, e¨w³, e¨w³gvwjKvbv LvZ Ges KwgDwbwU †_‡K msMÖn Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Ges myweav ewÂZ
Rb‡Mvôxi mv‡_ Ry‡o †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i| GLv‡b D‡jøL¨ †h, Iqvk ev‡R‡Ui 15% miKv‡ii GwWwc eivÏ †_‡K KwgDwbwUi
myweavewÂZ gvbyl‡`i fZ©ywK wn‡m‡e Aby`vb †`evi weavb i‡q‡Q|
m¤ú~Y© GjvKv AšÍf©z³ Kiv
m¨vwb‡Ukb Kfv‡iR n‡Z n‡e m¤ú~Y© KwgDwbwU, BDwbqb I Dc‡Rjv Ry‡o|
mgš^q I mn‡hvwMZv
miKvwi (wWwcGBPB, wk¶v I ¯^v¯’¨wefvM) Ges †emiKvwi cÖwZôvb (j¨vwUªb cÖ¯‘ZKvix, mieivnKvix/ms¯’v, ¶y`ªFY`vZv,
e¨vsK), GbwRI, ¯’vbxq miKvi cÖwZôvbmg~n cÖwZôv Ges mswkøó mKj ¯Í‡ii mv‡_B Kvh©Ki mgš^q Ges mn‡hvwMZv ¯’vcb Kiv
n‡e|
AvBBwm/wewmwm DcKiY Dbœqb I cÖPvi
¯^v¯’¨wewai cÖmv‡ii Rb¨ eq¯‹ †Q‡j‡`i Ges †g‡q wkï‡`i, ¯‹yj wk¶v_©x‡`i, ¯^v¯’¨‡mev †K‡›`ªi ¯^v¯’¨Kg©x‡`i, KwgDwbwUi
gv‡S, PÆMÖv‡gi cvnvwo GjvKvq cvov Kg©x‡`i, j¨vwUªb cÖ¯‘ZKviK‡`i gv‡S cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ AvBBwm Ges wewmwm DcKiY ¸wj
e¨envi Kiv DwPr| †cv÷vi, wd¬cPvU©, cUMvb, d¬¨vkKvW©, g¨vbyqvj, gwWDj Gi gZ welq wfwËK Kvh©Ki †hvMv‡hvM DcKiY
¸wj DbœZKiv Ges Afxó e¨enviKvix‡`i g‡a¨ Zv wbwðZ Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
6 KwgDwbwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ kZfvM m¨vwb‡Ukb (wmGjwUGm) wb‡`©wkKv
m¶gZv e„w× Ges Pvwn`v m„wó
¯’vbxq m¶gZve„w× we‡klZ KwgDwbwU, †Kqvi‡UKvi, ivRwg¯¿x, j¨vwUªb cÖ¯‘ZKviK, wk¶v_©x, ̄ ’vbxq ev¯Íevqb ms¯’v, wWwcGBPB,
¯^v¯’¨Kg©x‡`i m¶gZve„w×, mgqgZ cwiKíbv Ges RbM‡Yi †`vi‡Mvovq †mev †cŠu‡Q w`‡Z Kv‡R jv‡M|
IwWGd evov‡bvi Pvwn`v ˆZwi‡Z nvZ †avqv, ¯^v¯’¨wewa AvPiY Ges wbivc` cvbxq R‡ji e¨env‡i KwgDwbwUi m‡PZbZv I
†RvUe×Zv ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| m¨vwb‡Ukb, nvZ †avqv Ges ¯^v¯’¨wewa m¤úwK©Z AvPi‡Yi wKQy `„k¨gvbZv cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z AvBBwm Ges
wewmwm DcKiY e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| weÁvcb, cÖPviYv Ges wewfbœ w`em D`hvcb, m‡PZbZv I Pvwn`v ˆZwii Rb¨I ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
wgwWqv cÖPvivwfhvb
m¨vwb‡Ukb Ges e¨w³MZ ¯^v¯’¨wewa cÖPvi cÖavbZ AvPiYMZ cwieZ©‡bi Dci wbf©i K‡i| GB cÖPvivwfhv‡b, cÖfve m„wói
Rb¨ wgwWqv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i| cÖPvi gva¨‡g (wcÖ›U I B‡jKUªwbK Dfq) m¨vwb‡Ukb Ges ¯^v¯’¨wewa cÖPv‡ii
cÖPviYvi Rb¨ m¨vwbUvwi cY¨ mieivnKvix, j¨vwUªb cÖ¯‘ZKviK, ivRwgw¯¿, cøv¤^vi, Rj mieivnKvix BZ¨vw` cÖvB‡fU †m±i¸wji
mv‡_ ms‡hvM ¯’vcb Ges Zv‡`i f~wgKv I Ae`vb Zy‡j ai‡Z n‡e|
cwiex¶Y Ges ch©‡e¶Y
ev¯Íevqb cÖwµqv wVK c‡_ G¸‡”Q wKbv Zv wbqwgZ ch©‡e¶Y Kiv n‡e| Afxój¶¨ gvÎvi w`‡K B›Uvi‡f݇bi mwVK Z_¨
I DcvË Rvbv Acwinvh©| myZivs, AMÖMwZ cwigvc Kivi Rb¨ KwgDwbwU wfwËK AskMÖnYg~jK ch©‡e¶Y e¨e¯’v Pvjy Ki‡Z
n‡e| KwgDwbwU, cÖvK…wZK †bZviv, ivRwgw¯¿, wk¶v_©x, ¯‹yj cwiPvjbv KwgwU (GmGgwm), wk¶K, ¯^v¯’¨Kg©x, ¯’vbxq miKvi
cÖwZôvb (GjwRAvB), j¨vwUªb cÖ¯‘ZKviK Ges wWwcGBPB‡K cwiex¶Y cÖwµqvq RwoZ n‡Z n‡e| ev¯ÍevqbKvix ms¯’vmg~n‡K
BbcyU¸wji mv‡_ AvDUcyU¸wji cÖvmw½KZv cix¶v Ki‡Z wbqwgZ ch©‡e¶Y c×wZi AeZviYv Ki‡Z n‡e| †mRb¨ mswkøó
†÷K‡nvìvi‡`i mv‡_ wbqwgZ (gvwmK, ˆÎgvwmK, Aa©-evwl©K ev evwl©K) cwiex¶‡Yi NUbv Ges wPÎ fvM K‡i †bIqvi Rb¨
GKwU c×wZ ¯’vcb/cÖvwZôvwbKxKiY Kiv n‡e Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq cwiw¯’wZ DbœZ Ki‡Z c`‡¶c MÖn‡Yi e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡e|
WKz‡g‡›Ukb Ges cÖPvi
WKz‡g‡›Ukb Ges IwWGd, nvZ‡avqvi, ¯^v¯’¨wewa AvPiY Ges wbivc` cvwb mieivn m¤úwK©Z m‡e©vËg Abykxjb, †Km ÷vwW
Ges wkLb cÖPvi Kiv n‡e| GwU cÖwZ‡ekx KwgDwbwU, BDwbqb, Dc‡Rjv RbMY‡K DrmvwnZ Kivi Rb¨ Ges cÖvB‡fU P¨vw¤úqb,
miKvi, A_©vqb cÖwZôvb, wewb‡qvMKvix Ges `vZv‡`i cÖ`k©bx¸wji cÖmv‡i AbycÖvwYZ Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i|
1.5 wb‡`©wkKvi D‡Ïk¨
cÖv_wgKfv‡e wm.Gj.wU.Gm.Gi †dvKvm wQj wUªMvi ev D`MxiYKvix NUbvq| hw`I, Kvh©Kix wm.Gj.wU.Gm. PP©v †Kej gvÎ
wUªMvi, bvUKxq Abyaveb Gi †P‡q fvj Ges g~j n‡”P PP©v hvi Abykxjb A‡bK †ewk cÖ‡qvRb| GB wb‡`©wkKvwUi D‡Ïk¨ nj
cÖKí¸wji D‡Ïk¨, cÖm½ Ges †KŠkj Abymv‡i wm.Gj.wU.Gm. ev¯Íevqb cÖwµqv eY©bv Kiv| ZvB ev¯ÍevqbKvix Askx`vi Ges
miKvix I †emiKvix †÷K‡nvìvi gvV ch©v‡q B›Uvi‡fÝb¸wj ¸YMZ Ges cwigvYMZ Dfqfv‡e Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z cv‡ib| GwU
BDwb‡md, ev¯ÍevqbKvix Askx`vi Ges miKvix I e¨w³ gvwjKvbvaxb Askx`vi‡`i m¤ú` ev wi‡mvm© wnmv‡e KvR Ki‡e|
G Qvov GwU Iqvk Kg©m~wPi Kg©xe„›`, GKv‡Wwgqv, AbykxjbKvix‡`i Ges M‡elK‡`i, d«›UjvBb Kg©x‡`i Rb¨ wb‡`©wkKv,
KwgDwbwU, wmweI, cÖvK…wZK †bZv‡`i, QvÎ KvDwÝj, ¯‹yj cwiPvjbv KwgwU (GmGgwm) BZ¨vw` †Mvôx‡K cÖwk¶Y gwWDj cÖYqb
Ki‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡e|
1.6 wb‡`©wkKvi Uv‡M©U MÖæc/Afxó Rb‡Mvôx
GB MvBWjvB‡bi g~j Uv‡M©U MÖæc ev Afxó‡Mvôx n‡”Q d«›UjvBb ÷vd Ges Ab¨vb¨ †cÖvMÖvg Kg©x hviv mivmwi Askx`vi, Iqvk
†cÖvMÖvg Kg©x, ¯’vbxq wWwcGBPB, KwgDwbwU, wmweI, ¯‹yj cwiPvjbv KwgwU (GmGgwm), QvÎ cwil`, cÖvK…wZK †bZv hviv
ev¯Íevq‡bi mv‡_ RwoZ|
7KwgDwbwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ kZfvM m¨vwb‡Ukb (wmGjwUGm) wb‡`©wkKv
2.1 msÁv mn wm.Gj.wU.Gm. wK?
gvbyl‡K D¾xweZ Kivi GKwU bZyb ˆkjx weKwkZ n‡q‡Q| Zvi K¬vwmKiƒ‡c, GwU-weôv Gi Rb¨ A‡kvwaZ ¯’vbxq kã e¨envi
K‡i Ges ¯’vbxq KwgDwbwU‡K Av‡kcv‡ki gqjv Ges KzrwmZ GjvKv †`Lvi Rb¨ Drmvn †`q| g~j¨vqb Ges Zv‡`i Abykxjb
gvbyl‡K av°v †`q Ges D‡ËRbv ˆZix K‡i| GB c×wZwU DØy×g~jK Ges gRvi, Ges KwgDwbwUi wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y Ges c`‡¶c
wb‡Z Kvh©Kix f~wgKv iv‡L|
m¨vwb‡Uk‡b Ach©vß AwfMg¨Zv KwgDwbwUi †jvKRb‡K †Lvjv RvqMvq gjg~Î Z¨vM Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡i, hvi d‡j KwgDwbwU‡Z
†bwZevPK ¯^v¯’¨MZ Ges mvgvwRK cÖfve c‡o, we‡klZ Wvqwiqv Ges K‡jiv †iv‡Mi †¶‡Î|
KwgDwbwUi D‡`¨v‡M kZfvM m¨vwb‡Ukb (KwgDwbwU-†jW †UvUvj m¨vwb‡Ukb - wmGjwUGm)-Gi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q c¨vb Ges cvB‡ci
g‡Zv nvW©Iq¨vi¸wj fZ©ywK QvovB ¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g MÖvgxY m¤úª`vq¸wj‡K Db¥y³ ¯’v‡b gjg~ÎZ¨vM eÜ Kiv Ges j¨vwUªb ˆZwi
I e¨envi Kivi Rb¨ AbycÖvwYZ Kiv| wcAviG c×wZ e¨envi K‡i KwgDwbwUi m`m¨iv Zv‡`i wbR¯^ m¨vwb‡Ukb †cÖvdvBj
we‡kølY K‡i Ges †LvjvRvqMvq gjg~ÎZ¨vM Ges Zv wewfbœ gva¨‡g gy‡L wKfv‡e hvq eY©bv K‡i hv Zv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨K‡K cÖPÛfv‡e
cÖfvweZ K‡i| wm.Gj.wU.Gm. c×wZ KwgDwbwUi g‡a¨ ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨envi Kivi †¶‡Î †PZbvi D‡`ªK K‡i| Zviv
†hŠ_fv‡e †Lvjv RvqMvq gjg~Î Z¨vM Kivi fqvbK cÖfve Dcjwä K‡i: †h Zviv G‡Kev‡i Av¶wiK fv‡eB G‡K Ac‡ii Ô¸Õ
†L‡Z _vK‡e| GB DcjwäwU Zv‡`i KwgDwbwU‡Z m¨vwb‡Ukb cwiw¯’wZ DbœZ Kivi Rb¨ †hŠ_ c`‡¶c MÖn‡Y †Rvi †`q|
mwVKfv‡e eY©bv Kiv †M‡j, wm.Gj.wU.Gm. GKwU KwgDwbwU‡Z †Lvjv RvqMvq gjg~Î Z¨vM Kiv †_‡K gvbyl‡K m¤ú~Y© weiZ
ivLvi †¶‡Î Ae`vb ivL‡Z cv‡i Ges evB‡ii mvnvh¨ wKsev fZ©ywK QvovB wewfbœ g‡W‡ji j¨vwUªb ̂ Zwi Ki‡Z DØy× Ki‡Z cv‡i|
KwgDwbwUi gvbyl‡K GKevi cÖR¡wjZ Ki‡Z cvi‡j, wm.Gj.wU.Gm. cÖvq Awej‡¤^ c`‡¶c †bq Ges KwgDwbwU wcU j¨vwUªb
wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨ Lbb ïiæ K‡i| cwievi ¸‡jv 100% IwWGd n‡Z Zv‡`i j¨vwUªb ˆZwi Kiv ïiæ K‡i †`q| GKevi AwR©Z n‡j,
Mwe©Z KwgDwbwU MÖv‡gi cÖ‡ek Øv‡i GKwU †evW ©¯’vcb K‡i cÖPvi Ki‡e †h GB KwgDwbwUi †KD †Lvjv RvqMvq cvqLvbv K‡ibv
Ges Ab¨‡K Zv Ki‡ZI †`qbv| GB KwgDwbwUi mevB ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨envi K‡i|
cÖv_wgK AwfÁZv †_‡K ejv hvq †h wm.Gj.wU.Gm. GKwU ¯^-we¯Ívigvb Av‡›`vjb n‡Z cv‡i, †Kbbv G‡Z BbcyU LiP Kg
(†Kvb fZ©ywKi cÖ‡qvRb †bB)| wm.Gj.wU.Gm.-Gi mdj we¯Ívi wbf©i K‡i fvjgv‡bi †dwmwj‡Ukb Gi Ici|
GB †gŠwjK welqwU d«›UjvBb Kg©x‡`i Ges wd‡ìi mÂvjK‡`i wm.Gj.wU.Gm. Gi `k©b Ges bxwZgvjv †evSvi †¶‡Î mvnvh¨
K‡i ev MvBW K‡i Ges †mB mv‡_ wKQy e¨envwiK miÄvg Ges †KŠkj ¯^vPQ‡›` Ges Aev‡a e¨envi Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i|
2.2 wm.Gj.wU.Gm.-Gi cÖ¾¡jb
wm.Gj.wU.Gm. KwgDwbwU m`m¨‡`i g‡a¨ ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨env‡i GK †hŠ_ Abyf~wZ DÏxcbvi ˆZix K‡i KviY Zviv †Lvjv
RvqMvq Rbmvavi‡Yi gjg~ÎZ¨v‡Mi Ges mgMÖ m¤úª`v‡qi Dci Zvi †bwZevPK cÖfve m¤ú‡K© †bvsiv NUbv¸wji gy‡LvgywL nq|
†gŠwjK aviYv nj †h, gvbyl GKevi hLb Rvb‡Z cv‡i †h Zviv Ab¨ †jv‡K‡`i ¸ Lv‡”Q ZLb Avi Zviv mwµq bv n‡q cv‡i
bv| mvaviYZ KwgDwbwUi †jvKRb `„pfv‡e cÖwZwµqv Rvbvq Ges Awej‡¤^ Zv‡`i wbR¯^ cÖ‡Póvi gva¨‡g GwU cwieZ©b Kivi
Dcvq Lyu‡R †ei Kivi †Póv K‡i|
wm.Gj.wU.Gm.-G †Kvb fZ©ywKi welq RwoZ bq| mvewmwWwU ïaygvÎ evB‡ii cÖZ¨vkv Ges wbf©iZvi g‡bvfve‡K cÖeZ©b K‡i|
GgbwK wm.Gj.wU.Gm. j¨vwUªb g‡WjI wba©viY K‡i| eis, GwU KwgDwbwUi D‡`¨vM Ges m¶gZv‡K DrmvwnZ K‡i| Gi D‡Ïk¨
n‡jv AvPiY cwieZ©b Kivi Rb¨ GKwU ¯^-cÖ‡Yvw`Z AvKv•Lv RvMv‡bv Ges Drmvn cÖ`vb Kiv| KwgDwbwUi wbw`©ó Ask¸wji
Ae¯’vi cwieZ©‡b †cÖiYv cÖ`vb|
Aa¨vq t wmGjwUGm Gi mvaviY weeiY02
8 KwgDwbwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ kZfvM m¨vwb‡Ukb (wmGjwUGm) wb‡`©wkKv
D`vniY¯^iƒc t
• †hme cwiev‡ii wb‡R‡`i †kŠPvMvi _vKv m‡Z¡I hv‡`i †kŠPvMvi †bB Zv‡`i g‡ZvB ¸ gy‡Li `~l‡Yi wkKvi n‡”Q Zv‡`i Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡Z n‡e|
• f~wgnxb gvbyl cÖvqkB mgv‡jvPbvi m¤§yLxb nq Ges Ab¨vb¨ gvby‡li Rwg‡Z gjg~Î Z¨vM Kivi mgq AcgvwbZ nq|
• bvix I Aíeqmx †g‡qiv †Lvjv RvqMvq gjg~Î Z¨vM Ki‡Z wM‡q me‡P‡q †ewk mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb nq|
• ag©xq †bZviv eyS‡Z cv‡ib †h Zviv †h cwi®‹vi Kvco cwiavb K‡i Zv A_©nxb KviY †m¸‡jvI gvby‡li gjg~Î Øviv bó n‡Z cv‡i|
KwgDwbwUi wewfbœ ¯Í‡i KvR Kivi †h Abyf~wZ Ges PvwjKv kw³ Zv D‡c¶v Kiv DwPr bq| eis, Ab¨‡`i‡K cwieZ©b Kivi
Rb¨ Zv‡`i wbR¯^ †cÖkvi MÖæc MVb Kivi Rb¨ DrmvwnZ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
wm.Gj.wU.Gm.-Gi j¶¨ n‡”Q KwgDwbwUi m`m¨‡`i g‡a¨ ¯^-Dcjwä M‡o †Zvjv †h Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i AvPiY wb‡RivB cwieZ©b
Ki‡e, ZvB ïiæ‡ZB mÂvjK‡K KL‡bv m¨vwb‡Ukb Af¨v‡mi wel‡q e³…Zv ev Dc‡`k w`‡Z n‡e bv Ges j¨vwUª‡bi g‡Wj ¸wji
†¶‡Î cÖ_g D`vni‡Y evwn¨K mgvavb cÖ`vb Kiv DwPr bq| mÂvj‡Ki j¶¨ nj m¤ú~Y©fv‡e KwgDwbwUi m`m¨‡`i wb‡R‡`i‡K
Dcjwä Kiv‡bv †h †Lvjv RvqMvq gjg~Î Z¨vM Kivi cwiYwZ Lye Lvivc nq Ges GwU GKwU AcÖxwZKi cwi‡ek m„wó K‡i|
Zvici mgm¨vwU †gvKv‡ejv Kivi Ges c`‡¶c †bIqvi wel‡q wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y KwgDwbwUi m`m¨‡`i gyL¨ f~wgKv _v‡K|
9KwgDwbwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ kZfvM m¨vwb‡Ukb (wmGjwUGm) wb‡`©wkKv
MÖv‡g wm.Gj.wU.Gm. cÖeZ©‡bi †¶‡Î wbgœwjwLZ c`‡¶c¸‡jv GKwU †gvUvgywU Abyµg wn‡m‡e AbymiY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Ges
DÏxcK miÄvg wn‡m‡e cÖ‡qvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| GwU Aek¨B wm.Gj.wU.Gm. wUªMvi Kivi GKgvÎ Dcvq bq - Z‡e wKQy
cÖ‡qvRbxq Dcv`vb i‡q‡Q †hLv‡b †Rvi †`qv n‡e| cwiw¯’wZ Abyhvqx G¸‡jv cwieZ©b Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ †KvbwU ÔKiYxqÕ
Ges ÔKiYxq bqÕ Zv Abyaveb Kiv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
3.1 wmGjwUGm wUªMvi Kivi avcmg~n
wcÖwUªMvwis, wUªMvwis, †cv÷wUªMvwis Ges †cv÷wUªMvwis cieZ©x ch©vqmn †gvU PviwU ch©v‡qi Aax‡b wmGjwUGm-Gi mvZwU avc
i‡q‡Q| GKwU KwgDwbwUi g‡a¨ Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevq‡bi fwel¨r ¯’vwq‡Z¡i Rb¨ RbmvaviY‡K msnZ Kiv, Ae`vb ivLv, AskMÖnY
Ges cwiKíbv †Rvi`vi Kivi Rb¨ wb‡Pi c`‡¶c¸wj AbymiY Ki‡Z nq|
†cvó- wUªMvwis‡qi cieZx©
wcÖ-wUªMvwis
wUªMvwis
†cvó- wUªMvwis
avc-1 KwgDwbwU
wbe©vPb
avc-2 m¤úK©
Dbœq‡bi
m~Pbv
avc-3 AskMÖnYg~jK
¯^v¯’¨vf¨vm
we‡kølY
avc-5 KwgDwbwU
Øviv Kvh©Ki
cwiKíbv
avc-6 AMÖMwZ
AbymiY
Kiv
avc-7 wmGjwUG‡mi
evB‡i Kv‡Ri
cwiwa evov‡bv
avc-4 cÖ¾jb
gyn~Z©
wcÖ-wUªMvwis wUªMvwis †cvó- wUªMvwis †cvó-wUªMvwis‡qi cieZ©x
Aa¨vq t wm.Gj.wU.Gm. Gi cÖavb avcmg~n03
10 KwgDwbwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ kZfvM m¨vwb‡Ukb (wmGjwUGm) wb‡`©wkKv
avc
gšÍe¨ ³iwZwA
¨bv¨bA I ©xgK
vZqxbRvq‡cÖ
Zkw©`‡bw
mgqmxgv
• iUwbwDgwK ,`›e„…Zb† qxbv’̄cÖav‡bi mv‡_ †`Lv Kiv|
• mg Í̄ emwZ cwi`k©b Kiæb| • KwgDwbwUi AvKvi, RbmsL¨v
m¤ú‡K© avibv wbb|
• me©vwaK †bvsiv Ges †bvsiv AÂj¸wj mbv³ Kiæb|
• ©K‡ú¤m mvnZwB iKwy©Zfb|ybvR
• wmGjwUGm wU«Mvi Kivi Rb¨ sxÄj‡v¨P ve jK‚ybA
b|yL`† UwUwbwDgwK
• Aek¨B evRvi w`em, weevn, _‡vm i`wv¨ZB bvôybA Kvk†
wU«Mvi †mk‡bi Ifvij¨vwcs
Gov‡Z n‡e|
• xgKVvg bRỳ ve KG © • cwi`k©b Kivi mgq,
mfvi ’̄vb, D‡Ïk¨
e¨vL¨v BZ¨vw`i Rb¨
1-2 evi Av‡M KwgDwbwUwU
byL`†
vavA Z‡UwbwDgwK byZb
w`b †_‡K GK mßvn • GbwRI / cÖwZôvb¸wji
KwgDwbwU‡Z †cÖvMÖv‡gi
KvR †`Lvi Rb¨ †ek
K‡qKwU cwi`k©b h‡_ó
nIqv DwPr|
• bkm‡ q‡bw bg ³ygcwiPvjbv Kiæb|
• BwZevPK wU«Mvi djvd‡ji Rb¨ cÖvK gvbwmK Kíbv
byjP q‡owG |
• Avb‡›`i mv‡_ ’̄vb cwiZ¨vM Kiæb hw`I
wU«Mv‡ii Kvi‡Y †KvbI ev
mvgwóK ’̄vbxq
wµqvKjv‡ci †KvbI
djvdj N‡U bv|
• Ux‡g Kgc‡ÿ 3-4 Rb mn‡hvwM ev me©vwaK 5
Rb _vK‡Z n‡e|
• nv‡Z _vKv wmGjwUGm cÖwk¶Y Kg©kvjvq AviI
_vK‡Z cv‡i|
• GKw`b (cÖvq 3 †_‡K 5 N›Uv Gi g‡a¨)|
• mn‡hvMxZvi g‡bvfve wb‡q KvR Kiæb|
• Drmvn w`b wKš‘ AvwacZ¨ we Í̄vi Ki‡eb bv|
• iUwbwDgwK / vZb† KZw…KvÖcm`m¨‡`i mdj wmGjwUGm
KwgDwbwU ev GjGmB
BZ¨vw`‡Z cwi`k©‡bi e¨e ’̄v
Kiæb|
• jw¸b«Uwv¨j ³yhq¨e í^̄cÖ̀ k©‡bi Rb¨ IwWGd
KZw…KvÖc K‡_† UwbwDwgK
†bZv‡`i‡K wi‡mvm© cvm©b
wnmv‡e Avgš¿Y Kiæb|
• 1-2 Kg©x wmGjwUGm Z‡UwbwDgwK ³yhivM«Uw
cwi`k©‡b hvb|
• cÖ_g mßv‡n 1-2 evi Ges Zvic‡i m¤¢eZ AviI
k`iwc Z‡Zwiew iËn…e ©b
Kiv|
• h‡_ó Drmvn Ges mg_©b bN eyL ‘šKw viK RvK q‡bw
Nb bv|
• IwWGd ÷¨vUvmwU 3 mßvn †_‡K 3 gv‡mi
g‡a¨ AwR©Z nq|
• N|x` eyL iQe 1 ve mvg 6 ©
wcÖ- siwvMªUw
w siwvMªU
†cvó-wUªMvwis
wm.Gj.wU.Gm.- Pw~mqgm ¨ev¢¤m UwKG ¨bR ic‡va œbfwew iG
•
Qwe: wm.Gj.wU.Gm. j¨vWv‡ii avcmg~n
11KwgDwbwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ kZfvM m¨vwb‡Ukb (wmGjwUGm) wb‡`©wkKv
4.1 KwgDwbwU wbe©vPb
wewfbœ KwgDwbwU wm.Gj.wU.Gm.-Gi wUªMv‡i wewfbœfv‡e cÖwZwµqv †`Lvq, †hgb t
• Awej‡¤^ wKQy cwieZ©b Ki‡Z †KD †KD AbycÖvwYZ nq|
• †KD cÖ_‡g Awb”QzK _vK‡jI Ab¨vb¨ KwgDwbwUi cwieZ©‡bi K_v ï‡b cieZ©x‡Z Zviv GwM‡q Av‡m|
• mvaviYfv‡e, mdj MÖvg¸‡jv‡Z AZ¨yrmvnx †bZ…Z¡ _v‡K|
• MZvbyMwZK MY¨gvb¨ †bZviv _vK‡jI cÖvqkB bZyb †bZviv Avwef©~Z nq| GB cÖvK…wZK †bZviv A‡b‡K `wi`ª, abx, bvix, cyiæl, hyeK, Ges
`¶Zvmn m¤§vwbZ gvbyl n‡Z cv‡i hviv MÖv‡gi avÎx, ag©xq‡bZv Ges
wk¶K BZ¨vw`|
• †bZ…‡Z¡i cvkvcvwk, Ab¨vb¨ ¯’vbxq mvgvwRK, †fŠZ I cÖvwZôvwbK Ae¯’v wUªMvi Kivi m¤¢vebv‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i|
• †hLv‡b D‡ØMRbK e‡j aviYv Kiv nq, †`Lv hvq †mLv‡bB wUªMvwis mdj nq|
• hvB †nvK, A‡c¶vK…Z †ewk AbyK‚j RvqMv ¸‡jv‡Z ïiæ Kiv, wKQy mvd‡j¨i Mí, AwfÁZv Ges Av¯’v AR©b Kiv Ges Zvici AviI KwVb
RvqMv ¸wj‡Z Av‡›`vjb Qwo‡q †`qvi Rb¨ Zv‡`i Ges Zv‡`i cÖvK…wZK
†bZv‡`i e¨envi Kiv weP¶YZvi KvR n‡Z cv‡i| me©vwaK Dchy³
RvqMv w`‡q ïiæ Kiæb|
wmGjwUGm cvqLvbv, © CARE/ ASWA II Project
Aa¨vq t wcÖwUªMvwis04
†cŠQv‡bv KwVb GjvKv, © CARE/ ASWA II Projecteb¨v KewjZ GjvKv, © CARE/ ASWA II Project
12 KwgDwbwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ kZfvM m¨vwb‡Ukb (wmGjwUGm) wb‡`©wkKv
4.2 KwgDwbwUi mv‡_ cwiwPZ nIqv Ges m¤úK© ˆZwi Kiv
MÖv‡g †cŠuQv‡bv Avgv‡`i cÖwµqvi cÖ_g ch©vq| Zvici,
• cwi`k©b Ges KwgDwbwUi mv‡_ m¤úK© M‡o †Zvjvi D‡Ïk¨ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z n‡e|
• wm.Gj.wU.Gm. KwgDwbwUi mv‡_ cwiwPwZ Ges m¤úK© ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ Kg mgq cÖ‡qvRb| bZyb m¤úª`v‡qi †¶‡Î, åg‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ e¨vL¨v Kivi Rb¨ AviI †ewk mgq cÖ‡qvRb|
• cÖvqkB KwgDwbwUi ga¨ w`‡q AbvbyôvwbK nvuUvi (Uªvb‡R±IqvK) mgq wKQy †jvKR‡bi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv ïiæ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
• j¶¨wU RbmvaviY‡K AviI †ewk cwigv‡Y m¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ AbycÖvwYZ Kiv| m¨vwb‡Ukb
we‡kølY mgMÖ KwgDwbwUi mv‡_ RwoZ|
• K‡qKRb †jv‡Ki mv‡_ ïiæ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i - Zv‡`i mv‡_ evwo N‡ii †cQ‡b, †SvcSv‡oi
cv‡k, b`x ev Ab¨vb¨ †Lvjv RvqMvq †hLv‡b
†jv‡Kiv cvqLvbv K‡i Zvi wcQ‡b nvuU‡Z
nvuU‡Z K_v ejv ïiæ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
• GiKg A™¢yZ RvqMvq GKwU †QvU RUjv ̀ ªæZB Ab¨‡`i AvKl©Y Ki‡e|
• cÖkœ wRÁvmv Ki‡Z ïiæ Ki‡Z cv‡ib: ÒGwU Kvi ¸?Ó
• AvR Kviv †Lvjv RvqMvq cvqLvbv K‡i‡Q Zv‡`i‡K nvZ Zyj‡Z ejyb|
• Zvici Zviv mKv‡j †hLv‡b cvqLvbv K‡iwQj †mLv‡b wd‡i wM‡q †`L‡Z ejyb †h GLbI †mLv‡b cvqLvbv Av‡Q wKbv|
• A‡b‡K ej‡eb †h cvqLvbv Avi †mLv‡b †bB|
• wK NU‡Z cv‡i Zv‡`i wRÁvmv Kiæb, †KD †KD ej‡e †h KzKzi I k~Ki Zv‡`i †L‡q †d‡j‡Q|
• Kvi KzKzi wR‡Ám Kiæb? KzKzi hLb N‡i wd‡i Av‡m ZLb wRÁvmv Kiæb, Zviv wKfv‡e MÜ K‡i Ges Zviv cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i mv‡_ ev wkï‡`i mv‡_ †Ljv K‡i?
• GKevi Zv‡`i AvMÖn DÏxwcZ n‡q †M‡j Avcwb Zv‡`i mv‡_ GKm‡½ KwgDwbwUi Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨‡`i WvK‡Z DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
• Avcbv‡K Ggb GKwU RvqMv Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡Z n‡e †hLv‡b A‡bK †jvK `vuov‡bv ev em‡Z Ges KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i|
• cwi`k©‡bi D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© hw` cÖkœ Kiv nq, Zvn‡j Avcwb Ges Avcbvi wUg BDwbqb ¸wj‡Z KwgDwbwUi m¨vwb‡Uk‡bi Ae¯’v wb‡q M‡elYv Ki‡Qb ej‡j jvf n‡Z cv‡i|
• KwgDwbwUi †hLv‡b †jvKRb †Lvjv ¯’v‡b gjg~ÎZ¨vM K‡i †m¸‡jv Lyu‡R †ei Kivi †PóvKiæb Ges Kviv evB‡ii mvnv‡h¨i Rb¨ A‡c¶v Ki‡Q Ges Kviv Zv‡`i wbR¯^ D‡`¨v‡Mi gva¨‡g †mB A¯^v¯’¨Ki Ae¯’v †_‡K †ewi‡q Avm‡Z cÖ¯‘Z Rvbvi
†Póv Kiæb|
KwgDwbwUi mv‡_ cwiwPZ nIqv Ges m¤úK© ˆZwi Kiv, © CARE/ ASWA II Project
13KwgDwbwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ kZfvM m¨vwb‡Ukb (wmGjwUGm) wb‡`©wkKv
5.1 AskMÖnYg~jK m¨vwb‡Ukb we‡kølY
KwgDwbwUi GKwU As‡ki g‡a¨ Avcwb hw` AvMÖn Rb¥v‡Z cv‡ib Zvn‡j Gi cieZ©x avc n‡”Q,
• wcAviG ev AskMÖnYg~jK MÖvgxY g~j¨vqb c×wZ e¨envi K‡i ¯’vbxq KwgDwbwUi m¨vwb‡Ukb Zv‡`i Øviv wek` we‡køl‡Yi Rb¨ d¨vwmwj‡UU Kiv nq
• GKwU cwiågY ïiæ KiY GwU mvaviYZ fvjfv‡e KvR K‡i|
• GLv‡b ewY©Z c×wZ ¸wj e¨ZxZ bZyb c×wZ‡Z †Póv KiY|
g‡b ivL‡eb, j¶¨ n‡”Q KwgDwbwUi m`m¨‡`i wb‡R‡`i‡K eyS‡Z mvnvh¨ Kiv †h Zv‡`i AvPiY Kxfv‡e m¨vwbUvwi ev Zv bq
Ges Kxfv‡e Zv‡`i AvPiY cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e|
cwiågY (Uªv‡Ý±IqvK)• GKwU cwiågY n‡”Q KwgDwbwUi †jvK‡`i wb‡q KwgDwbwUi
GKw`K †_‡K Ab¨w`‡K K_v ej‡Z ej‡Z, cÖkœ ïb‡Z
ïb‡Z Ges ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡Z Ki‡Z nvuUv|
• wm.Gj.wU.Gm.-Gi Rb¨ GKwU cwiåg‡Yi mgq Avcwb †Lvjv RvqMv mbv³ Ki‡Z cv‡ib †hLv‡b gjg~Î Z¨vM Kiv
nq Ges wewfbœ ai‡bi j¨vwUªb †`L‡Z cv‡eb|
• †Lvjv RvqMvq †hLv‡b D‡jøL‡hvM¨ nv‡i gjg~Î c‡o Av‡Q †mLv‡b `vuwo‡q wKQyUv mgq AwZevwnZ Kiv, †jvKR‡bi
mv‡_ K_v ejv, Zv‡`i cÖkœ Kiv Ges †mB MÜhy³ ¯’v‡b
`vuwo‡q gqjvMÜ wb‡Z wb‡ZB wKQyUv wn‡me Kiv Riæix|
KwgDwbwU‡Z cwiågY, © CARE/ ASWA II Project
Aa¨vq t wUªMvwis 05
KwgDwbwU‡Z AskMÖnYg~jK m¨vwb‡Ukb cwiw¯’wZ we‡kølY, © CARE/ ASWA II Project
14 KwgDwbwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ kZfvM m¨vwb‡Ukb (wmGjwUGm) wb‡`©wkKv
• hw` †jvKRb P‡j †h‡Z Pvq Zvn‡j Zv‡`i‡K †mB wee«ZKi RvqMvq `vuwo‡q _vK‡Z Aby‡iva Ki‡Z n‡e|
• GB bZyb Dcv‡q N„Y¨ `„k¨ Ges M‡Üi AwfÁZv, KwgDwbwUi evB‡ii GKRb `k©‡Ki mv‡_ †`Lvi d‡jB GwU GKwU msnwZ wUªMvi K‡i
• Uªv݇m± ev nvuUv¸wj GKwU AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †cÖiYKvix nvwZqvi|
• GB Ôj¾vRbK c‡_ nvuUviÕ mgq †h weeªZ‡eva Kiv n‡q‡Q, Zvi d‡j †Lvjv RvqMvq gjg~Î Z¨vMKiv Ges GB GjvKvi cwiÎvY †c‡Z Zvr¶wYK B”Qv †`Lv †`q|
• cÖ‡Z¨‡KB cÖwZw`b gqjv Ges gjg~Î/¸ †`‡L, Zviv †Kej mgm¨vi w`‡K m‡PZb n‡q I‡V hLb evB‡ii †jv‡Kiv Zv‡`i w`‡K bRi †`q Ges cwiw¯’wZ we‡kølY Ki‡Z ïiæ K‡i|
G‡K Ac‡ii ¸ LvIqvi cÖwZ N„Yv wKfv‡e ïiæ Ki‡eb †mB avc ¸‡jv wbgœiƒc t• KwgDwbwUi †jvKR‡bi Kv‡Q GK Møvm Lvevi cvwb Pvb|
• hLb Møv‡m cvwb Avbv nq, ZLb GwU KvD‡K cvb Kivi cÖ¯Íve w`b hw` Zviv n¨vu e‡j Z‡e Ab¨‡`i wRÁvmv Kiæb mevB Zv cv‡b m¤§Z wKbv|
• cieZ©x av‡c Avcbvi gv_v †_‡K GKwU Pyj Uvbyb Ges Zv‡`i †`Lvb|
• Zvici †jvK‡`i mvg‡b GwU‡K gvwU‡Z wKQy ¸‡qi Dci ¯úk© Kivb|
• GLb Møv‡m Pyj Wywe‡q w`b Ges cvwbi Møv‡m wKQy †`L‡Z cv‡”Qb wKbv Zv wR‡Ám Kiæb|
• cv‡k `vuwW‡q _vKv †jvK‡`i Kv‡Q Møv‡mi cvwb mieivn Kiæb Ges Zv‡`i cvb Ki‡Z ejyb|
• Awej‡¤^ Zviv †mB cvwb cvb Ki‡Z A¯^xKvi Ki‡e|
• A‡b¨i Kv‡Q Møvm cvm Kiæb|
• †KD GwU cvb Ki‡Z PvB‡e bv|
• †Kb Zviv GuwU cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ki‡Q wRÁvmv Kiæb|
• Zviv Ki‡Q †h G‡Z ¸ i‡q‡Q|
• GLb wRÁvmv Kiæb GKwU gvwQi KqwU cv i‡q‡Q|
• Zv‡`i Rvbvb †h gvwQi QqwU cv i‡q‡Q|
• wRÁvmv Kiæb wbðq gvwQ Avcbvi Py‡ji Zyjbvq Av‡iv †ekx ¸ wb‡Z cv‡i| DËi Ônu¨vÕ nIqv DwPr|
• GLb Zv‡`i wRÁvmv Kiæb hLb gvwQ Zv‡`i ev Zv‡`i ev”Pv‡`i Lvevi Ges †cø‡Ui Dci em‡e ZLb Kx n‡e: †Lvjv RvqMvi gjg~Î †_‡K Zviv Kx wb‡q Avm‡Q?
• Ae‡k‡l Zv‡`i wRÁvmv Kiæb †h Zviv Zv‡`i Lvev‡ii mv‡_ Kx Lv‡”Q|
• Zvn‡j †gvÏv K_v nj t KwgDwbwUi cÖ‡Z¨‡K G‡K Ac‡ii ¸ Lv‡”Q|
• GLb Zv‡`i wnmve Ki‡Z ejyb cÖwZw`b wK cwigvY ¸ Zviv MÖnY Ki‡Q|
• †Lvjv RvqMvq cvqLvbv Kivi Kvi‡Y Zviv G‡K Ac‡ii ¸ LvIqv m¤ú‡K© Kxfv‡e Abyfe K‡i?
• GLb Zv‡`i Ici wPšÍv fvebv †Q‡o w`b Ges KwgDwbwUi we‡køl‡Yi †k‡l Avcwb hLb GwU ms‡¶‡c Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb ZLb Zv‡`i g‡b Kwi‡q w`b|
wmGjwUGm wUªMvwis, © CARE/ ASWA II Project
15KwgDwbwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ kZfvM m¨vwb‡Ukb (wmGjwUGm) wb‡`©wkKv
†Lvjv RvqMvq cvqLvbv Kivi ¯’vb¸‡jv mbv³KiY• g¨vwcs t cwievi, m¤ú` Ges mgm¨v wPwýZ K‡i
KwgDwbwUi GKwU mnR gvbwPÎ AvuK‡Z n‡e|
• GKwU Kvh©Ki nvwZqvi Ges Av‡jvPbvi DÏxcbvi Rb¨ KwgDwbwUi m¨vwb‡Ukb cwiw¯’wZi ev¯Íe I
Pvÿzl we‡køl‡Y RwoZ mg¯Í †jvK‡`i GKÎ Ki‡Z
n‡e|
• KwgDwbwUi m`m¨‡`i cÖ‡qvRb n‡e gvbwPÎ AvuKvi Rb¨ GKwU eo †Lvjv GjvKv wPwýZ Kiv|
• g¨vwcs‡qi Abykxj‡b, KwgDwbwUi mg¯Í cwievi‡K Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i evwoNi wPwýZ Kivi Rb¨ Avgš¿Y
Rvbv‡Z n‡e, D`vniY ¯^iƒc gvwUi wPý, A_ev
GKwU cvZv ev cv_i w`‡q mbv³ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i,
Ges wb‡`©k Ki‡Z n‡e †h Zv‡`i j¨vwUªb Av‡Q
wKbv|
• †Lvjv RvqMvq †hLv‡b gjg~Î Z¨vM Kiv nq †m GjvKv wPwýZ Ki‡Z n‡e Ges †mLv‡b hv‡`i hvZvqvZ i‡q‡Q Zv‡`i mv‡_ cwievi ¸‡jv‡K mshy³ Kivi Rb¨ Uvbv jvBb wPwýZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
• wKQy‡jvK‡K †Lvjv RvqMvq cvqLvbv Ki‡Z KZ`~‡i †h‡Z nq †m e¨vcv‡i `„wó AvKl©Y Ki‡Z n‡e Ges w`‡bi †Kvb mgq hvq Zv wPwýZ Ki‡Z n‡e| †mLv‡b †Kvb wbivcËv mgm¨v Av‡Q wK?
• †jv‡K‡`i cyKzi I Ab¨vb¨ Rjvk‡q Db¥y³ cvwbi ¯’v‡b ¸‡qi cÖevn mbv³ Kivi Rb¨ wRÁvmv Kiæb, hvi d‡j Zv‡`i `~lY N‡U|
me‡P‡q †bvsiv cÖwZ‡ekx mbv³Kib• Abykxj‡bi mgq, KwgDwbwU‡K Zv‡`i wbR wbR Av‡kcv‡ki †QvU †QvU †Mvôx¸wj‡Z `vuov‡Z ejyb|
• Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ Av‡jvPbv Kivi Rb¨ wRÁvmv Kiæb hv Zv‡`i KwgDwbwUi me‡P‡q †bvsiv GjvKv, wØZxq m‡e©v”P †bvsiv GjvKv Ges AviI †ekwKQy wRwbm Ges Zv‡`i GKwU KvM‡Ri UzKiv‡Z †bvU ivL‡Z ej‡eb|
• c‡i †mB UzK‡iv KvMR †_‡K coyb Ges †ewkifvM †¶‡Î Avcwb †`L‡Z cv‡eb †h mg¯Í‡Mvôx GKB GK ev ̀ ywU Av‡kcv‡ki GjvKv ¸wj‡K me‡P‡q †bvsiv wnmv‡e wPwýZ K‡i‡Q|
• Zvici MÖæc¸wj‡K Zviv †Kv_vq cvqLvbv Ki‡Z hvq †m¸wj †bvU Ki‡Z ejyb|
• Zv‡`i‡K me‡P‡q †bvsiv GjvKv wnmv‡e †j‡ej Ki‡Z ejyb|
• GwU †Lvjv RvqMvq AcwiwPZ‡`i gjg~ÎZ¨vM Kiv eÜ Kivi †¶‡Î Awej‡¤^ c`‡¶c †bq|
• A‡bK Kg m¤ú`kvjx KwgDwbwUi `wi`ª wbgœe‡Y©i Ges f~wgnxb‡`i wm.Gj.wU.Gm.-G AwaKZi mwµq Ges `ªæZZg D‡`¨v³v n‡Z †`Lv hvq|
• Rgv‡bv UvKv Wvqwiqv, K‡jiv, Avgvkq, RwÛm BZ¨vw` †iv‡Mi wPwKrmvq e¨q n‡q hvq|
KwgDwbwU KZ…©K IwW gvbwPÎ, © CARE/ ASWA II Project
16 KwgDwbwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ kZfvM m¨vwb‡Ukb (wmGjwUGm) wb‡`©wkKv
¸-Gi wnmveDrcvw`Z g‡ji cwigvY MYbv Kivi gva¨‡g m¨vwb‡Ukb mgm¨vi cwiwa e¨vL¨v Kiv mnR nq| cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³i ev cwiev‡ii Øviv
KZLvwb ¸ wbM©Z nq cÖwZw`b? cwievi ¸‡jv Kxfv‡e cÖwZw`b KZ cwigvY ¸ Zv‡`i mgm¨vq †hvM Ki‡Q Zvcwigvb MYbv Kivi
Rb¨ Zv‡`i wbR¯^ Ges ̄ ’vbxq c×wZ e¨envi Ki‡Z w`b| Zvici cy‡iv KwgDwbwUi Rb¨ GKwU wPÎ †ei Kivi Rb¨ cwievi †_‡K
cÖvß msL¨v‡K †hvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| cÖwZw`b, cÖwZmßv‡n, cÖwZgv‡m ev cÖwZeQi KZLvwb ¸ Drcvw`Z nq Zv Rvb‡Z GKwU
ˆ`wbK wPÎ ¸Y Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Ub cwigvY ¸‡qi wnmve KwgDwbwUi †jvKRb‡K AevK K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i|
D`vniY ̄ ^iƒc, GKwU m¤úª`v‡qi g‡a¨ 100 cwievi Av‡Q| Zv‡`i g‡a¨, 9wU Lvbvi m¨vwbUvwi j¨vwUªb i‡q‡Q †hLv‡b 91wU Lvbvi
†Kvb j¨vwUªb †bB| mvaviYZ, GB 91Lvbvi †jvK †Lvjv RvqMvq gjg~Î Z¨vM K‡ib| M‡o cÖwZwU Lvbvi 5Rb m`m¨ _v‡K Ges
cÖwZwU m`m¨ cÖwZevi 0.3 †KwR ̧ (†Uwej-2) Z¨vM K‡i| myZivs, cÖwZwU Lvbv G‡KK ev‡i = 5 × 0.3 = 1.5 †KwR ̧ cvqLvbv K‡i| 91wULvbv GKw`‡b 91 × 1.5 = 136.5‡KwR ¸ cwi‡e‡k Z¨vM K‡i|
hw` 136.5 †KwR ¸ mKv‡j Drcbœ nq Z‡e we‡K‡j KZ wK‡jvMÖvg Drcbœ nq? DËi 29 †KwR n‡Z cv‡i, KviY, cÖwZw`‡bi
Ab¨mgq mevB Uq‡j‡U †h‡Z bvI cv‡i| myZivs cÖwZw`b M‡o 165.5 †KwR ev 4 gb Drcbœ nq| cÖwZgv‡m Drcbœ ̧ ‡qi cwigvY
120gb Ges cÖwZ eQi cÖvq 1,440gb|
GLb wb‡gœv³ cÖkœ¸wj cÖ‡Z¨K‡K wR‡Ám Kiæb t• GB ai‡bi wekvj ¸ Rgv‡j Kx n‡e? DËi n‡Z cv‡i gvwUi ce©Z!
• wKš‘ GUv wK ¸‡qi ce©Z? DËi †bB|
• †Kb Ges †Kv_vq ¸ hv‡”Q Ges hv‡”Qbv ?
• cieZ©x‡Z, ̧ cÖevn GKwU Qwei gva¨‡g Dc¯’vcb (wPÎ-1) Kiæb| KwgDwbwUi †jvKRb mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK I cwi‡ekMZ welq¸wj/cÖfve¸wj‡K we‡køl‡Yi Rb¨ ch©vß mgq cv‡e|
†Uwej 2: ¸-Gi wnmve
Dcv`vb
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MÖvg/CP/w`b % MÖvg/CP/w`b % MÖvg/CP/w`b %
KwVbe¯‘i 50 17 60 5 110 7
Rj 250 83 1140 95 1390 93
†gvU 300 100 1500 100 1500 100
17KwgDwbwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ kZfvM m¨vwb‡Ukb (wmGjwUGm) wb‡`©wkKv
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• †Kvb KwgDwbwUi m`m¨iv †Mvmj Kivi Rb¨ Ges Zv‡`i gyL †avqvi †djvi Rb¨ †mB GKB Rj e¨envi K‡i †`Lyb|
• GB Ae¯’vq Avcwb GKwU evjwZ cvwb PvB‡Z cv‡ib Ges wRÁvmv Kiæb gvbylRb Zv‡`i gyL
†mB cvwb w`‡q †av‡e wKbv? Zviv n¨vu ej‡e|
• GLb KwgDwbwUi mKj cwiev‡ii Øviv cvqLvbvi ˆ`wbK ms‡hvRb MYbv Kiæb|
• GKB cvwb‡Z Ab¨vb¨ KwgDwbwUi cvqLvbv co‡Z cv‡i ZvI wRÁvmv Kiæb (†hgb AviI
Ic‡ii w`‡K)|
• GB wnmv‡ei ci †mB cvwb w`‡q Zv‡`i gyL ay‡q †dj‡Z Ges Kzwj Ki‡Z ejyb| m¤¢eZ †KD Avi
ivwR n‡ebv|
• wRÁvmv Kiæb †Kb Zviv A¯^xKvi Ki‡jv| Global Handwashing Day, © CARE/ ASWA II Project
18 KwgDwbwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ kZfvM m¨vwb‡Ukb (wmGjwUGm) wb‡`©wkKv
• ¸ Gi cwigvY wnmve Kivi ci Zv nq‡Zv cÖ‡kœi AeZib Ki‡e, D`vniY ¯^iƒc, me ¸ †Kv_vq hvq? gvwU‡Z GZ ¸ _vKvi m¤¢ve¨ cÖfve wK wK?
• GB KwgDwbwU wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ †Lvjv RvqMvq cvqLvbv Kivi m¤¢ve¨ cÖfve m¤ú‡K© wPšÍv Ki‡Z ïiæ K‡i‡Q|
• we‡køl‡Yi †k‡l, Zv‡`i wRÁvmv Kiæb AvMvgxKvj †Lvjv RvqMvq gjg~ÎZ¨vM Ki‡Z †K hv‡e| A_ev †h cyKz‡i ev b`x‡Z mg¯Í KwgDwbwUi †djv nq, †mLv‡b †Mvmj Ki‡Z hv‡e?
• Zv‡`i nvZ evov‡Z ejyb| hw` †KD nvZ Zyj‡Z bv cv‡i Z‡e Zv‡`i cwie‡Z© Zviv Kx Ki‡e|
5.2 BMwbkb/cÖ¾¡jb gyûZ©
• wmGjwUGm wUªMvi Kivi cÖwµqvwU hLb P~ovšÍ iƒc †bq KwgDwbwU‡Z GKwU †hŠ_ Dcjwä Av‡m †h †Lvjv RvqMvq gjg~Î Z¨vM Kivi Kvi‡Y Zviv mK‡jB G‡K Ac‡ii ¸ †L‡q hv‡”Q Ges GwU ZZ¶Y eÜ n‡e bv hZ¶Y bv Zviv †Lvjv RvqMvq
gjg~Î Z¨vMKiv ev` †`‡e|
• GwU wVK †mB gyûZ© hLb mÂvjK we‡kølY Ges Dcmsnv‡ii Rb¨ KwgDwbwU‡K ab¨ev` Rvbv‡Z cv‡ib|
• Zv‡`i ejyb †h Avcwb Zv‡`i A‡bK eQ‡ii cyiv‡bv Af¨vm¸wj eÜ Kivi civgk© †`Iqvi Rb¨ †bB Ges Avcwb j¨vwUªb wewµ,
weZi‡Yi ev fZ©ywKi Rb¨I †mLv‡b †bB|
• Zv‡`i ejyb †h Zviv hv Ki‡Q Zv Pvwj‡q hvIqvi Rb¨ Kvib Zviv ¯^vaxb, A_©vr G‡K Ac‡ii ¸ LvIqv, Ges mœvb Kiv Ges †mB cvwb
w`‡q Zv‡`i gyL ay‡q †djv, †hLv‡b mevB cvqLvbv K‡i|
• mvavibZ GB ch©v‡q Pig Av‡Z¥vcjwä nq Ges KwgDwbwUi g‡a¨ †Lvjv RvqMvq cvqLvbv e‡Üi Rb¨ Zzgyj ZK© weZK© ïiæ nq|
• G ch©v‡q Zv‡`i _vg‡Z ej‡eb bv wKsev civgk© †`‡eb bv| kvšÍfv‡e KwgDwbwUi Av‡jvPbv ïbyb|
• Zv‡`i ejyb †h Zviv †Lvjv RvqMvq gjg~Î Z¨vM Kiv Pvwj‡q †h‡Z cv‡i|
• GB ch©v‡q wKQy †jvK ej‡e †h Zviv AvMÖnx Ges Uq‡jU ˆZwi Ki‡Z B”QyK wKš‘ GwU e¨qeûj Ges GwU wbg©v‡Yi mvg_¨© Zv‡`i
†bB -ZLb Zv‡`i ejyb †h Avm‡j Zv bq|
• `ªæZ mn‡R GKwU wcU j¨vwUª‡bi Qwe AvuKzb ev Qwe †`Lvb|
• KZ LiP n‡e Ges GKwU wcU j¨vwUªb ˆZwi Kiv KZ KwVb n‡e Zv wR‡Ám Kiæb?
• GQvovI Ab¨vb¨ KwgDwbwUi m¨vwb‡Uk‡bi AwfÁZv Ges mvdj¨ eY©bv Kiæb|
GKwU wcU j¨vwUª‡bi Qwe, © CARE/ ASWA II Project
19KwgDwbwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ kZfvM m¨vwb‡Ukb (wmGjwUGm) wb‡`©wkKv
6.1 KwgDwbwU Øviv Kg©cwiKíbv cÖYqb (A¨vKkb cøvwbs)
hw` wm.Gj.wU.Gm.-Gi w`‡K wKQy BwZevPK c`‡¶c ïiæ nq, Z‡e mnvqZv Kiæb Ges mveav‡b d¨vwmwj‡UU Kiæb| RbMY‡K
DrmvwnZ K‡i Zv‡`i Rvwb‡q w`b †h, hw` Zviv 100% m¨vwb‡Ukb AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges †Lvjv RvqMvq gjg~Î Z¨vM Kiv
eÜ Ki‡Z cv‡i, Z‡e evB‡ii I cÖwZ‡ekx MÖv‡gi A‡bK †jvK Avm‡eb Ges †`L‡Z Zv‡`i MÖv‡g hv‡eb| KwgDwbwU, BDwbqb,
Dc‡Rjv, †Rjv cÖ_g Db¥y³ ¯’v‡b gjZ¨vM bv Kivi †LZve cvIqvi m¤¢vebv m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i ejyb|
cwiKíbv cÖwµqvi Awej‡¤^ wKQz BwZevPK Kg©cwiKíbvq g‡bvwb‡ek Kiv DwPZ, hvi AšÍf©y³ n‡Z cv‡i
• GKwU m¨vwb‡Ukb A¨vKkb MÖæc ˆZwi Kiv (MÖv‡gi me cÖwZwbwa‡`i wb‡q)|
• GKwU ZvwjKv ev Lvbvmg~‡ni gvbwPÎ ˆZix Ges Zv‡`i eZ©gvb m¨vwb‡Ukb Ae¯’v ˆZwi Kiv|
• †LvjvRvqMvq Uq‡jU, A‰ea ms‡hvM ev gj †Lvjv RvqMvq †djv eÜ Kivi Rb¨ cwievi wfwËK c„_K cwiKíbv Kiv|
• Av‡M, mswkøó cwiev‡ii fvM K‡i †bIqvi Rb¨ mvaviY Uq‡jU ˆZwi Kiv|
• Lbb cxU Ges ¯^í‡gqv`x A¯’vqx j¨vwU«b wnmv‡e e¨envi Kiv|
• Awej‡¤^ j¨vwU«b wbg©vY ïiæ Ki‡Z Ae¯’v m¤úbœ cwievi †_‡K cÖwZkÖæwZ cvIqv |
• j¨vwU«b wbg©vY DcKiY mieivnKvix‡`i †LvuR Kiv|
Ae¯’v m¤úbœcwievi‡K A‡c¶vK…Z `wi`ª cwievi¸‡jv‡K †Lvjv RvqMvq gjg~Î Z¨vM Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vK‡Z DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z
ejyb, KviY G‡Z ZvivI DcK…Z n‡e| Zviv Rwg avi w`‡Z cv‡i, KvV ev evuk cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i, ev Aí mg‡qi Rb¨ `wi`ª
cwievi Zv‡`i Uq‡jU e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡i| †hgb D`vi gvbyl mbv³ Kiæb, Zv‡`i mgv‡e‡ki mvg‡b Avbv Ges Rbmg‡¶
Zv‡`i Aby`vb †NvlYv Kiæb| cÖvqkB GB ai‡bi †NvlYv Ab¨‡`i mnvqZv cÖ`v‡b DrmvwnZ K‡i| †Lvjv RvqMvq gjg~Î Z¨vM
Kiv eÜ Kivi mgwóMZ myweavi Rb¨ mgevq c×wZ‡K AviI DrmvwnZ Kiv DwPr|
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© CARE/ ASWA II Project
20 KwgDwbwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ kZfvM m¨vwb‡Ukb (wmGjwUGm) wb‡`©wkKv
Dc‡ii c`‡¶c ev c×wZ ¸wj wm.Gj.wU.Gm.-Gi
Rb¨ ¯‹y‡j wU«Mvi Kivi Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
¯‹y‡ji wkïiv `ªæZ wkL‡Z Ges cÖvqB KwgDwbwUi
cwieZ©‡b mwµq G‡R›U n‡q I‡V| ¯‹y‡j wU«Mvi Kiv
nq Qwo‡q covi cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q| cÖv_wgK Bw½Z
¸wj wm.Gj.wU.Gm.-Gi Rb¨ GKwU cÖavb Ges
kw³kvjx PvwjKv kw³ n‡Z cv‡i, mgvšÍivjfv‡e
Ges KwgDwbwU‡Z wU«Mv‡ii cwic~iK|
we`¨vj‡q wk¶v_©x, evev-gv Ges wk¶K‡`i g‡a¨
GKvZ¥Zv m„wó n‡Z cv‡i| QvÎiv `ªæZ †k‡L Ges
KvR K‡i| AšÍZ, Zv‡`i wbR¯^ g~j¨vqb Ges
we‡kølY Ki‡Z AvMvgx cÖRb¥ wn‡m‡e Qv·`i RwoZ
nIqv, wm.Gj.wU.Gm. AwZµg K‡i Ges evB‡i
Qvwo‡q IwWGd †UKmB n‡Z wbwðZ Kivi †¶‡Î
GKwU kw³kvjx Dcv`vb wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡`i cÖgvY
Ki‡Z cv‡i| GwU mgvR, KwgDwbwU, IqvW©, BDwbqb
BZ¨vw` fwel¨‡Zi GKwU cÖavb Zi½ n‡Z cv‡i|
wU«Mvi cÖwµqvwU g¨vwcs Ges Ab¨vb¨ Abykxjbmn
GKwU gva¨wgK ¯‹y‡j ïiæ nq| wk¶K I ¯‹yj
cwiPvjbv KwgwUi (GmGgwm) m`m¨‡`i mv‡_ GK
m‡½ wZb KwgDwbwUi QvÎ-QvÎxiv Ask †bq| wkïiv
Avwe®‹vi K‡iwQj †h †Lvjv RvqMvq cvqLvbv Zv‡`i
wZbwU m¤úª`v‡qi g‡a¨ e¨vcK wQj|
wUªMvwis ¯‹zj
¯‹zj Ges QvÎ Kg©x‡`i g‡a¨ wUªMvwis, © CARE/ ASWA II Project
¯‹zj Ges QvÎx Kg©x‡`i g‡a¨ wUªMvwis, © CARE/ ASWA II Project
Zvici wZbwU KwgDwbwU‡Z
GK‡hv‡M wU«Mvwis Ae¨vnZ
_v‡K| eqm I KZ©…‡Z¡i cv_©K¨,
wkï, wcZvgvZv Ges wk¶K/¯‹yj
cwiPvjbv KwgwUi (GmGgwm)
m`m¨ AskMÖnYKvix, Ges A‡bK
N„Yv, Awfbq Ges nvwmmn, wkï‡`i
Drmvn Ges †køvMvb †kvbv hvq|
c‡ii w`b, cÖavb wk¶K, Dc‡Rjv
m`i `dZ‡ii GKwU mfvq †NvlYv
K‡ib †h, wZwb Dc‡Rjvi cÖ_g
we`¨vjq n‡eb †hLv‡b mKj
wk¶v_©x IwWGd MÖvg †_‡K Avm‡e
Ges cÖ‡Z¨K cwievi ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z
cvqLvbv e¨envi Ki‡e|
21KwgDwbwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ kZfvM m¨vwb‡Ukb (wmGjwUGm) wb‡`©wkKv
6.2 AMÖMwZ Ges d‡jvAvc
• fvjfv‡e cÖ¾¡wjZ wm.Gj.wU.Gm. mevi g‡a¨ Av¸b †R¡‡j †`q †Lvjv RvqMvq gjZ¨vM cÖwZ‡iv‡a Lye `ªæZ KvR K‡i
• KwgDwbwUi AvKv‡ii Dci wbf©i K‡i K‡qK mßv‡ni g‡a¨ †Lvjv RvqMvq gjZ¨vM gy³ Ae¯’v AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i
• GUv mvaviYZ Zvr¶wYK nqbv| hvB †nvK, ejvi A‡c¶v iv‡Lbv †h, wmGjwUGm wU‡K _v‡K Ges `xN©mgq a‡i j¨vwU«b ¸wji DbœwZ mvab Kiv Ges Zv †UKmB fv‡e a‡i ivLvi Rb¨ wKQz d‡jvAvc ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
• Kg©cwiKíbv AbymiY Kiv Ges AvPi‡Yi cwieZ©b †UKmB Kivi j‡¶¨ cÖvK…wZK †bZv‡`i Lyu‡R †ei Kiv Ges Zv‡`i e¨e¯’vcbvi LiP (†gb‡U‡bÝ PvR©) wb‡Z DrmvwnZ Kiv ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
• g‡b ivL‡eb †h, Avgv‡`i KvR n‡”Q RbM‡Yi D‡`¨v‡Mi gva¨‡g †Lvjv RvqMvq gjg~Î Z¨vM eÜ Kiv - wKšÍy †Kvbfv‡eB †hb Zv Avgv‡`i wb‡R‡`i gva¨‡g bv Kiv nq|
• GKevi m¤ú~Y ©m¨vwb‡Ukb AR©b Kiv n‡j, KwgDwbwUi †jvK‡`i GKwU †evW© ¯’vcb Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ Kiæb †hLv‡b †m K_v ejv Av‡Q|
• GwU Zv‡`i M‡e©i Abyf~wZ evwo‡q †`‡e Ges †mB KwgDwbwU‡Z †eov‡Z Avmv evB‡ii †jvK‡`i g‡a¨ Gi AvMÖn RvwM‡q Zyj‡e hviv GwU wd‡i wM‡q Zv‡`i KwgDwbwU‡ZI Ki‡Z Pvq|
• GKevi kZfvM m¨vwb‡Ukb m¤úbœ nIqvi c‡i gvbyl hv‡Z cyi‡bv AvPi‡Y wd‡i bv hvq Zv wbwðZ Kiæb, hviv †Lvjv RvqMvq cvqLvbv Kivi PP©v Pvwj‡q †h‡Z Pvq, Zv‡`i Rb¨ KwgDwbwU kvw¯Íg~jK e¨e¯’v †bqvi wm×všÍ wb‡Z cv‡i|
• mg‡qi mv‡_ mv‡_ KwgDwbwUi AvPiY µgk cwieZ©b nq| cwievi ̧ wj †kŠPvMvi e¨envi ïiæ K‡i, Zviv wbivcËv, myweavw` Ges Avivg-Av‡q‡k Af¨¯Í n‡q c‡o, Ges ZLb Zviv Avi †Lvjv RvqMvq gjZ¨v‡M wd‡i †h‡Z Pvqbv|
• GB AvPiY cwieZ©bB gvbm¤§Z j¨vwU«b wbg©v‡Yi †P‡q †UKmB wmGjwUGm-Gi PvweKvwV|
22 KwgDwbwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ kZfvM m¨vwb‡Ukb (wmGjwUGm) wb‡`©wkKv
†NvlYv
Gi A_© ¯’vbxq RbMY/wmweI/GbGj/Rbmvavi‡Yi cÖwZwbwai Øviv kZfvM †Lvjv RvqMvq gjg~Î gy³ KwgDwbwU, IqvW©,
BDwbqb, Dc‡Rjv, †Rjv BZ¨vw` †NvlYv| GLv‡b msw¶ß fv‡e e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q †h KwgDwbwU‡Z †KD Db¥y³ ¯’v‡b
gjZ¨vM K‡i bv|
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Gi gva¨‡g GKwU KwgDwbwU †Lvjv RvqMvq gjZ¨vMgy³ (ODF) wKbv Zv g~j¨vqb Kiv |
mvwU©wd‡Kkb ev mb` cÖ`vb
†Lvjv RvqMvq †h gjg~Î Z¨vM Kiv nq bv GwU Zvi GKwU miKvix wbðqZv Ges ¯^xK…wZ| gvb wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ Ges
mvwU©wd‡Kkb-Gi Rb¨ MvBWjvBb K‡Vvi fv‡e gvbvi Rb¨, AwaKvi (Awdwkqvj) wbwðZKiY miKvi KZ©…K Kiv DwPZ|
D`&hvcb
KwgDwbwUi †jvKRb mswkøó Askx`vi (†÷K‡nvìvi) Ges cÖwZ‡ekx‡`i wb‡q mgv‡R Zv‡`i Me© Kivi I m¤§v‡bi Ask
wnmv‡e m¤úª`vq IwWGd ¯^xK…wZ I mvwU©wd‡Kkb AR©b D`hvcb Ki‡e| ZvB, cÖwZ‡ekxiv GB AvPib †_‡K IwWG‡di
AvPi‡Yi cwieZ©b m¤ú‡K© wk¶vjvf Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i KwgDwbwU‡Z Gi Abykxjb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
†Lvjv RvqMvq gjZ¨vM gy³ (IwWGd)
GwU ej‡Z †evSvq cwi‡e‡k Avi †Kvb †Lvjv cvqLvbv cvIqv hv‡e bv| IwWGd AR©b Ki‡Z †h †KvbI j¨vwUª‡bi e¨envi
AšÍf©y³ n‡Z cv‡i hv m¨vwb‡Ukb wmuwo‡Z IVvi Rb¨ cwi‡e‡ki mv‡_ gjg~‡Îi ms¯úk© cÖwZnZ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
kZfvM m¨vwb‡Ukb
G‡Z DbœZ j¨vwUªb¸wji e¨envi nq Ges †Lvjv RvqMvq gjZ¨vM e‡Üi cvkvcvwk e¨w³MZ, Mvn©¯’¨ I cwi‡ekMZ ¯^v¯’¨
wewai DbœwZ AšÍf©y³|
IwWGd †NvlYvcÎ †_‡K mvwU©wd‡Kkb ch©šÍ 1 †_‡K 6 wU ms‡hvRbcÎ KwgDwbwU, cÖvK…wZK †bZv‡`i, ev¯ÍevqbKvix ms¯’v¸‡jv,
IwWGd hvPvBKib Ges mvwU©wd‡Kkb KwgwUi Rb¨ wb‡`©wkKv wnmv‡e †`qv nq| Zviv c`‡¶c¸wj AbymiY K‡i Ges mg¯Í
c`‡¶‡c cÖvmw½K †÷K‡nvìvi‡`i ev Askx`vi‡`i AšÍf©y³K‡i G¸‡jv e¨envi K‡i|
7.1 IwWGd †NvlYv
mÂvjK wewfbœ KwgDwbwU †_‡K Avmv RbcÖwZwbwa Ges mvaviY gvbyl‡`i ¯^vMZg Rvbv‡eb| †Lvjv RvqMvq gjg~Î Z¨vM eÜ
Kivi KvR m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i gZvgZ Ges cÖwZwµqv Rvbv‡Z wbR wbR cÖvK…wZK †bZviv †bZ…Z¡ †`b| AvMÖnx gvbylRb Zv‡`i
gZvgZ Rvbv‡Z nvZ Zyj‡e|
• GK GK K‡i Zviv Zv‡`i gZvgZ Ges cÖwZwµqv Rvbv‡e|
Aa¨vq t IwWGd †NvlYv, ˆeaZv/hvPvB, mb` cÖ`vb (mvwU©wd‡Kkb) Ges D`hvcb 07
23KwgDwbwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ kZfvM m¨vwb‡Ukb (wmGjwUGm) wb‡`©wkKv
• cÖwZ KwgDwbwU †_‡K 2/3Rb Zv‡`i gZvgZ/Abyf~wZ/cÖwZwµqv Rvbv‡bvi my‡hvM cv‡eb| • me‡k‡l †mB KwgDwbwU‡K †Lvjv RvqMvq gjg~Î Z¨vM bv Kiv KwgDwbwU wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ †`Iqv n‡e| 7.2 ˆeaZv/hvPvB
wewfbœ ¯Í‡ii Dci wbf©i K‡i hvPvBKiY mvavibZ GKwU evwn¨K Aby‡gv`b AbymiY K‡i GKwU Af¨šÍixY c`‡¶‡ci mv‡_ ïiæ
nq t D`vniY¯^iƒc, KwgDwbwU wm.Gj.wU.Gm. mgš^q KwgwU/cÖvK…wZK †bZv/IwWGd KwgwU, KwgDwbwU ch©v‡q hvPvBKiY K‡i‡Q|
7.2.1 hvPvB‡qi †fwi‡qej/cwieZ©bkxj †UKmB Dbœqb j¶¨gvÎv (GmwWwR) Abymv‡i, wbivc` m¨vwb‡Ukb Ges ¯^v¯’¨wewa cÖPv‡i wZbwU gyL¨ †fwi‡qej msMÖn Ges
we‡kølY Kiv DwPr t (1) m¨vwb‡Uk‡bi cÖv_wgK ¯Íi, (2) nvZ †avqvi Dcvq mg~‡ni cÖv_wgK ¯Íi Ges (3) cvbxq Rj mieiv‡ni
cÖv_wgK ¯Íi| cÖwZwU wefv‡Mi †fwi‡qej m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ cÖavbZ ch©‡e¶Y I Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g msM„nxZ n‡e|
wUcm hvPvB‡qi Rb¨ ˆ`ePqb bgybv wb‡Z n‡e| ˆ`eµwgK fv‡e me KwgDwbwUi bvg MYbv Ges 30% wnmve Ki‡Z n‡e (†MvjvKvi
EaŸ©gyLx)| D`vniY¯^iƒc, hw` 10wU KwgDwbwU _v‡K, hvi g‡a¨ 30% n‡e 3wU KwgDwbwUi AšÍf©y³|
• ZvwjKvq Z…Zxq, lô Ges beg KwgDwbwU wbe©vPb Kiv n‡e| • cieZ©x‡Z, wbe©vwPZ 3wU KwgDwbwUi cÖwZwU‡Z ZvwjKv Abymv‡i cwiev‡ii msL¨v ms‡hvRb Kiæb| • Zvic‡i, 30% MYbv Kiæb (e„ËvKvi EaŸ©gyLx Ges Lvbv wbe©vPb Ki‡Z KwgDwbwU wbe©vP‡b e¨eüZ GKB c×wZ cÖ‡qvM
Kiæb)|
3bs †Uwe‡j, 1bs AvB‡Ug cÖv_wgK mvwU©wd‡Kk‡bi Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq Ges AvB‡Ug 2 Ges 3 gva¨wgK mvwU©wd‡Kk‡bi Rb¨
e¨eüZ nq|
†Uwej/mviYx 3: gyL¨ †fwi‡qej, (cÖw·) m~PK Ges Z_¨m~Î
bs †fwi‡qejmg~n m~PK Z_¨m~Î
1. †Lvjv RvqMvq gjg~Î Z¨vM bv Kivi Ae¯’v
1 †Lvjv RvqMvq gjZ¨vM bv Kivi
Af¨vm
†Kv_vI UvUKv ¸ †`L‡Z bv cvIqv Lvbv, cÖwZôvb, ch©‡e¶Y
2 j¨vwUªb cÖvc¨Zv GmwWwR wmuwoi cÖv_wgK ¯Íic~iY K‡i j¨vwUªb
cÖvc¨Zv Lvbv, cÖwZôvb,
ch©‡e¶Y
3 j¨vwUªb Gi e¨envi ¸ M‡Z© _vKv, †Pv‡L †`L‡Z cvIqv, j¨vwUª‡bi
e¨e¯’vcbv Lvbv, cÖwZôvb,
ch©‡e¶Y
4 cvqLvbv / Uq‡jU e¨env‡ii
†MvcbxqZv
cyiæl/gwnjv‡`i Rb¨ Avjv`v cvqLvbv/Uq‡jU Lvbv, cÖwZôvb, ch©‡e¶Y
5 cqteR¨© e¨e¯’vcbv †Lvjv Rvbvjv w`‡q bv †djv, Rjvk‡qi mv‡_ A‰ea
ms‡hvM bv †`qv Lvbv, cÖwZôvb,
ch©‡e¶Y
24 KwgDwbwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ kZfvM m¨vwb‡Ukb (wmGjwUGm) wb‡`©wkKv
2. wbivc` nvZ †avqvi Abykxjb
1 j¨vwUªb Gi mv‡_ nvZ †avqvi myweav
_vKv
we`¨gvb Dcw¯’wZ Ges Kvh©KvwiZv Lvbv, cÖwZôvb,
ch©‡e¶Y
2 nvZ †avqvi h‡š¿ cvwb _vKv Kgc‡¶ 3-5 wjUvi cvwb _vKv Lvbv, cÖwZôvb,
ch©‡e¶Y
3 nvZ †avqvi hš¿wU e¨envi nIqv Rjvavi _vKv, †Kvb †kIjv ev gvKomvi Rvj bv
_vKv, nvZ‡j †Kvb ay‡jv bv _vKv
Lvbv, cÖwZôvb,
ch©‡e¶Y
4 nvZ †avqvi myweavi 3 wgUv‡ii g‡a¨
mvevb ev mvevb RvZxq wKQy _vKv
nvZ †avqvi myweav _vKv Lvbv, cÖwZôvb,
ch©‡e¶Y
3. Lvbv ch©v‡q wbivc` cvwbi e¨envi Ges e¨e¯’vcbv
1 wbivc` cvwbi AwfMg¨Zv DbœZ Drm,
wb‡`©kK, †hgb j¨vwUª‡bi msL¨v Ges nvZ †avqvi myweav ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges GwU e¨envi Kiv n‡”Q Ges cwiev‡ii wbivc`
cvwb e¨e¯’vcbv wnmv‡e bw_fy³ Kiv DwPr| GUv g‡b Kiv nq †h cZvKv wm‡÷g m¤úª`v‡qi g‡a¨ my¯’ cÖwZ‡hvwMZv cÖPvi K‡i|
7.2.2.1 njy` cZvKv njy` cZvKv ¸wj †`Lvq †h GKwU KwgDwbwU GKwU IwWGd cwi‡ek AR©‡bi Rb¨ b~¨bZg †`vi‡Mvovq †cŠu‡Q‡Q| cÖ‡qvRbxq
welq¸‡jv wbgœiƒc t
• AšÍZ 50 kZvsk Lvbv †KvbI bv †Kvb ai‡bi j¨vwUªb wbg©vY m¤úbœ K‡i‡Q (KwgDwbwUi Øviv wWRvBbK…Z j¨vwUªb) Ges ¯^vfvweK Ae¯’vq GwU e¨envi Kiv nq, GB cÖwµqvwU†Z `yB gvm mgq wb‡Z n‡e|
• GKevi IwWGd `jwU KwgDwbwU wm.Gj.wU.Gm.-Gi Ae¯’v hvPvB‡qi c‡i, Av‡iv fv‡jvfv‡e †`Lv hvq Ggb †Kvb c‡q‡›U KwgDwbwU‡Z njy` cZvKv Syjv‡e|
7.2.2.2 meyR cZvKv (IwWGd-Gi cÖ_g ch©v‡qi mvwU©wd‡Kkb) meyR cZvKv Øviv c` web¨vm n‡”Q njy` cZvKvi cieZ©x ¯Íi (¯^vfvweK cwiw¯’wZ‡Z GwU Qq gv‡mi cÖwµqv)| meyR cZvKv
KwgDwbwUi wbgœwjwLZ ˆewkó¨ _v‡K t
• KwgDwbwU Øviv wbwg©Z kZfvM j¨vwUªb (‡h †Kvb wWRvBb) e¨envi Kiv nq| • cwiågYKvix Ges Rbmvavi‡Yi mgvMg¯’‡ji †¶‡Î j¨vwUªb wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q Ges e¨envi Kiv n‡”Q| 7.2.2.3 jvj cZvKv
• jvj cZvKvwU Bw½Z K‡i †h GKwU KwgDwbwU c~e©eZ©x, wbgœgv‡bi m¨vwb‡Ukb Ges ¯^v¯’¨wewa Af¨v‡m wd‡i †M‡Q| • †Lvjv RvqMvq cvqLvbv, cÖ‡qvR‡bi gyn~‡Z© nvZ †avqvi nvi K‡g hvIqv, Ges Lvbvi cvwb e¨e¯’vcbv †kvPbxq (Awbivc`
cvwbPµ)|
• GB‡¶‡Î, Askx`vi‡`i †h †Kv‡bv ¯Í‡ii KwgDwbwU, IwWGd KwgwU‡Z wmGjwUGm KwgwU/cÖvK…wZK †bZv†`i wi‡cvU© Kivi Rb¨ DrmvwnZ Kiv nq|
• G iKg wi‡cvU© †c‡j, KwgDwbwU/cÖvK…wZK †bZv ev IwWGd KwgwUi Av‡jvPbv Kiv DwPr Ges jvj cZvKv SyjšÍ KwgDwbwUi mv‡_ HK¨g†Z¨ †cŠuQv‡bv DwPr|
• GB c`‡¶‡ci ci, jvj cZvKvavix KwgDwbwU D”PZi wm.Gj.wU.Gm.Ae¯’v cyYiæ×vi Kivi c`‡¶c †b‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv n‡”Q|
7.3 mvwU©wd‡Kkb Ges D`hvcb
7.3.1 mvwU©wd‡Kkb Ges D`&hvc‡bi cÖwµqv KwgDwbwU‡K IwWGd wnmv‡e mb`cÖ`v‡bi gvb`Û, Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevq‡bi m~Pbv †_‡K Rvbv‡Z n‡e| wbgœwjwLZ cÖwµqv AbymiY
Kiv n‡e e‡j aiv nq;
• ev¯ÍevqbKvix ms¯’v BDwb‡md/IwWGd KwgwUi mgqm~Pxmn IwWGd ÷¨vUv‡mi cÖwZ‡e`b Rgv †`‡e| • IwWGd KwgwU wbgœwjwLZ wµqvKjvc¸wj cwiPvjbv K‡i, `vwewU hvPvB‡qi Rb¨ KwgDwbwU cÖv_wgK cwi`k©b Ki‡Z n‡e t
KwgDwbwU‡Z -
mKj Lvbvi Dcw¯’wZ wbwðZ Kiæb|
26 KwgDwbwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ kZfvM m¨vwb‡Ukb (wmGjwUGm) wb‡`©wkKv
KwgDwbwU‡Z j¨vwUªb ¸wji †gvU msL¨v wbwðZ Kiæb Ges KZ¸wj cwievi e¨envi K‡i Zv Nywi‡q †`Lvb Ges mg¯Í j¨vwUªb¸wj m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q wKbv Ges Zv e¨envi Kiv n‡”Q wKbv hvPvB Kiæb |
j¨vwUªb fvj i¶Yv‡e¶Y Kiv nq wKbv Zv cix¶v Kiæb|
nvZ †avqvi DcKiY j¨vwUª‡bi g‡a¨ ev KvQvKvwQ cvIqv hvq wKbv Zv cix¶v Kiæb|
cvwbi Dr‡m j¨vwUª‡bi NwbôZv cix¶v Kiæb- †evi †nv‡ji mv‡_ Lbb Kiv, Kzqv Lbb Kiv|
†Lvjv RvqMvq cvqLvbv Kivi ¯’vb, evm¯’v‡bi KvQvKvwQ †SvcSvo Ges cvqLvbvi mvaviY cwi‡ek cix¶v Kiæb|
cvqLvbv Kivi ci hv w`‡q cwi®‹vi Kiv †nvK †mwU M‡Z© †d‡j †`Iqv |
• KwgDwbwUwUi IwWGd ÷¨vUvm m¤ú‡K© wbwðZ nIqvi c‡i, IwWGd KwgwU IwWGd mvwU©wd‡Kkb KwgwUi mv‡_ ÷¨vUvm fvM K‡i †bqv|
• IwWGd mvwU©wd‡Kkb KwgwU IwWGd ÷¨vUvm g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ `vweK…Z IwWGd KwgDwbwU hvPvB Ki‡Z cv‡i| • mvwU©wd‡Kkb `j cÖZ¨vwqZ Ki‡Yi Rb¨ hvPvBK…Z KwgDwbwU nVvr Av‡iKwU ivDÛ cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cv‡i| • hw` KwgDwbwU mwZ¨B IwWGd nq Z‡e mvwU©wd‡Kkb KwgwU, KwgDwbwU m¨vwb‡Ukb Uv¯‹‡dvm©‡K IwWGd †NvlYvi mycvwik
Ki‡e|
• KwgDwbwU‡K AvbyôvwbKfv‡e miKvix m`m¨‡`i Ges ¯’vbxq miKvi cÖwZôvb, GbwRI I Dbœqb mn‡hvMx ms¯’v, Ges †emiKvwi Lv‡Zi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z mvwU©wd‡KUmn IwWGd †NvlYv Kiv nq|
7.3.2. IwWGd D`hvcb †h KwgDwbwU IwWGd wn‡m‡e cÖZ¨wqZ nq Zv‡`i IwWGd D`hvcb AšÍZ wZb gvm a‡i Pjv DwPr| Gi †hŠw³KZv n‡jv †h
mvwU©wd‡KU †`evi Av‡M Zv‡`i AvPi‡Yi mwZ¨Kv‡ii cwieZ©b wbwðZ Kiv nq| ZvB D`hvcb nIqvi wKQyw`b Av‡MB Av‡iKwU
mdi Kiv DwPZ|
7.3.3 mb` cÖvwß †_‡K D`&hvcb ch©šÍ IwWGd cÖevnwPÎ (†d¬vPvU©) t
IwWGd
KwgwUi Kv‡Q
wi‡cvwU©s
IwWGd
KwgwU Øviv cÖ_g
ch©v‡qi cixÿv
wbixÿv
IwWGd
KwgwU Øviv
wØZxq ch©v‡qi
cixÿv
IwWGd
KwgwU Øviv
IwWGd
mvwU©wd‡Kkb
IwWGd D`hvcbIwWGd mvwU©wd‡Kkb IwWGd D`hvcb
IwWGd cixÿv wbixÿvIwWGd cÖwZ‡e`b
27KwgDwbwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ kZfvM m¨vwb‡Ukb (wmGjwUGm) wb‡`©wkKv
8.1 †¯‹wjs Avc Ges wm.Gj.wU.Gm. Gi evB‡i
DbœxZKiY Ges wm.Gj.wU.Gm. AwZµg K‡i hvIqv mÂvjbv ̂ kjx, A_©vr mÂvj‡Ki ̀ „wófw½i c×wZ, wm.Gj.wU.Gm. †K MwZkxj
Kivi PvweKvwV| mÂvjK‡K Aek¨B †h †Kv‡bv g~‡j¨ Ôwk¶vÕ Ges Ôcivgk©Õ †`qv †_‡K weiZ _vK‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z KwgDwbwU
m¨vwb‡Ukb mgm¨v m¤ú‡K© wb‡R‡`i aviYv wb‡RivB AR©b K‡i Ges GwUi mv‡_ †gvKvwejv Kivi Kv‡R c~Y©¯^Z¡vwaKvi/†eva
cvq| evB‡i †_‡K Avmv wkw¶Z mÂvjK‡`i Rb¨ cÖvqB GwU AZ¨šÍ KwVb P¨v‡jÄ, hviv m¨vwb‡Ukb m¤ú‡K© e³…Zv w`‡Z Pvq I
e‡j w`‡Z Pvq Kx Ki‡Z n‡e| †miv mÂvjK n‡”Q †Kvb ¯’vbxq e¨w³ whwb wm.Gj.wU.Gm.-Gi cÖ_g AwfÁZv wb‡q‡Qb Ges hvi
Ôwk¶v †`eviÕ Af¨vm M‡o I‡Vwb| AviI wKQy wb‡`©kbv I aviYv †`Iqvi GB cyw¯ÍKvi wUcm¸wji Dci wfwË K‡i KwgDwbwU
mÂvjK‡`i msw¶ß cÖwk¶Y †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i| Gi evB‡i Ab¨vb¨ KwgDwbwU‡Z †cŠuQv‡bvi Rb¨ cwienb e¨e¯’v I Zv‡`i Kv‡Ri
Rb¨ Dchy³ wd Qvov Zv‡`i mvgvb¨ wKQy ms¯’vb cÖ‡qvRb n‡e|
wm.Gj.wU.Gm. ZvB ¯’vbxq fv‡e Ges Kg Li‡P DbœxZ (Avc‡¯‹j) Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| †hLv‡b `vZvms¯’v, miKvix wefvM, Ges
RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK GbwRI Zv‡`i m¨vwb‡Ukb †cÖvMÖvg¸wj‡Z wm.Gj.wU.Gm. msnZ Kivi wm×všÍ †bq, ev e„nËi RxweKv ev
¯^v¯’¨ Kg©m~wP¸wji Rb¨ Gw›Uª c‡q›U wnmv‡e GwU e¨envi K‡i, †mLv‡b Aek¨B g‡bi g‡a¨ _vKv DwPr †h KwgDwbwUi ga¨Kvi
mÂvjKivB Gi Rb¨ me‡P‡q Dchy³|
gv‡bvbœq‡bi mgq, GwU D‡jøL Kiv DwPr †h wKQy kZ© mdj wmGjwUGm-Gi c‡¶ AviI Dchy³ n‡e| †jv‡K‡`i Kg`v‡gi
j¨vwUªb Lbb Kiv m¤¢e n‡e, A_©vr Ggb Rwg _vK‡Z cv‡i †hLv‡b ̄ ’vbxq kÖg ev h‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨ wKQyUv MZ© Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| kû‡i
GjvKvq f~wg mvaviYZ `yj©f Ges Gi †gqv` cÖvqkB Awbivc`| G¸‡jv A‡bKeo P¨v‡jÄ wn‡m‡e cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q Ges wm.Gj.
wU.Gm. GL‡bv kû‡i †cÖ¶vc‡U mdjfv‡e cÖ‡qvM Kiv m¤¢e nqwb| wm.Gj.wU.Gm. NbemwZc~Y© MÖvgxY GjvKvq m‡e©vËg mvdj¨
AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i, KviY †Lvjv RvqMvq c‡o _vKv gj evwo N‡ii Lye KvQvKvwQ _v‡K Ges Zv Lye mn‡RB †`Lv hvq| ¸”Q MÖv‡g
wm.Gj.wU.Gm.-Gi we¯Ívi Lye fv‡jvfv‡e Kiv m¤¢e, KviY GK KwgDwbwUi mvd‡j¨i K_v ï‡b Ab¨ KwgDwbwU AvMÖnx n‡q I‡V|
Ae‡k‡l, wm.Gj.wU.Gm. m¨vwb‡Ukb Kg©m~wPi wel‡q wPšÍv fvebvq †ekwKQy cwieZ©b Av‡b - fZ©ywK w`‡q evB‡i †_‡K wWRvBb
K‡i Avbv j¨vwUª‡bi cwie‡Z© mnR I Kg Li‡P evbv‡bv j¨vwUªb hv mevi DcKv‡i Avm‡Z cv‡i| c×wZ‡Z GB cwieZ©‡bi wewfbœ
w`K wbgœwjwLZ †Uwe‡ji g‡a¨ Zy‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|
mviYx/†Uwej 4 t Afxó j¶¨ wfwËK wm.Gj.wU.Gm. †_‡K m¨vwb‡Ukb †cÖvMÖv‡g wPšÍvfvebv/c×wZi cwieZ©b
Dcv`vb AZx‡Zi j¶¨ wfwËK AvswkK m¨vwb‡Ukb
eZ©gvb Ges fwel¨‡Zi KwgDwbwUi
D‡`¨v‡M kZfvM m¨vwb‡Ukb
ïiæ Kiv wRwbm cÎ gvbyl
†K›`ªxq Kvh©Kjvc j¨vwUªb wbg©vY cÖ¾¡jb Ges mÂvjb cÖwµqv
j¨vwUª‡bi cwiKíbv hv‡`i Øviv cÖ‡KŠkjx KwgDwbwU D™¢veK
wWRvBb msL¨v GKwU A_ev mvgvb¨ K‡qKwU A‡bK
g~j DcKiY wm‡g›U, cvBc, BU BZ¨vw` evB‡i †_‡K †Kbv wRwbm evuk, KvV, wUb, cvU, cøvw÷K BZ¨vw`
cÖvq me¯’vbxq fv‡e cÖvwß mva¨
bM` LiP †ekx 800-1000 UvKvi bx‡PI n‡Z cv‡i
Aa¨vq t †cv÷ wUªMvwis‡qi c‡i 08
28 KwgDwbwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ kZfvM m¨vwb‡Ukb (wmGjwUGm) wb‡`©wkKv
m~PK j¨vwUªb wbg©vY †Lvjv AvKv‡ki wb‡P gjZ¨vM gy³
†UKmB AvswkK Ges †egvbvb †ekx
DcKvi‡fvMx D”PweË `wi`ªZg Rb‡Mvôxmn mevB
g~j †cÖiYv Dc‡`óv N„Yv, j¾v Ges AvZ¥m¤§vb
Kfv‡iR/e¨envi AvswkK m¤ú~Y©
DcKvwiZv wbgœ t †Lvjv RvqMvq cvqLvbv Ae¨vnZ, ¯^v‡¯’¨i Dci cÖfve DPPZi t †Lvjv RvqMvq cvqLvbv gy³,
my¯^v¯’¨
wm.Gj.wU.Gm. MÖnY ev DbœxZ Ki‡Z B”QzK cÖwZôvb¸wji Rb¨ GB cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡Z cv‡i| GwU cÖvwZôvwbK
I e¨w³MZ gb¯ÍZ¡ Ges AvPi‡Y cÖfve †d‡j hv RbKj¨vYKi (fZ©ywK), †ckv`vi (DPy gv‡bvbœq‡bi Rb¨), Ges AvgjvZvwš¿K
(A_©vr eo ev‡RU e¨q Ki‡Z)| Ab¨w`‡K, wm.Gj.wU.Gm. n‡jv Kg Li‡P KwgDwbwU d¨vwmwj‡UUi‡`i Øviv cÖwk¶‡Yi gva¨‡g
†KvbI nvW©Iq¨vi fZ©ywK QvovB, ¯’vbxq mvaviY gv‡bi myweavw` e¨envi Kivi bxwZi Dci cÖwZwôZ, hvi g‡a¨ †KvbUv‡ZB
ev‡R‡Ui cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| Gi j¶¨ n‡jv mwZ¨Kvi A‡_©B RbD‡`¨v‡M †bqv GKwU cÖwµqv Ges Gi DbœxZKiY I KwgDwbwU
ch©v‡q cwiPvwjZ nq| GwU weivU As‡Ki Znwej msMÖ‡ni cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| GbwRImn AvšÍR©vwZK ms¯’v¸wj Gi we¯Ívi Ges
¯’vbxq I RvZxq D‡`¨vM‡K mg_©b Kivi †¶‡Î f~wgKv iv‡L| AbyK‚j cwi‡ek, mg_©bKvix cÖ¾¡jb Ges cvk¦©eZ©x we¯Ívi‡K Avk¦¯Í
Kivi Rb¨ miKvi Ges RvZxq GbwRI¸wji f~wgKv i‡q‡Q| mKj‡K ÔAv‡jvi¯úk©Õ mg_©‡bi ¸iæZ¡ ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z
wm.Gj.wU.Gm. cÖR¡wjZ n‡Z cv‡i Ges KwgDwbwU †_‡K KwgDwbwUi Kv‡Q Qwo‡q †h‡Z cv‡i|
wm.Gj.wU.Gm. Gi evB‡i wm.Gj.wU.Gm.-Gi cÖwµqv¸wj KwgDwbwUwfwËK D‡`¨v‡Mi Rb¨ GKwU kw³kvjx w¯úªs‡evW© wn‡m‡e cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| IwWGd
m¨vwb‡Ukb avc, ¯^v¯’¨wewa I AvPiY cwieZ©b, ¯^v¯’¨Ki cwi‡ek m„wó Ges RxweKv wbe©v‡ni AMÖMwZi Rb¨ GKwU PgrKvi wfwË|
m¨vwb‡Ukb avc Pv‡U© wPwÎZ Kiv nq| IwWGd ÷¨vUv‡mi †h avc¸‡jv _v‡K Zv‡Z _v‡K nvZ †avqvi myweav, eb¨vcÖeY GjvKvq
DPyu K‡i evbv‡bv j¨vwUªb, †mwÞK U¨v¼ g‡Wj, K‡¤úvw÷s j¨vwUªb, mœvbcvÎ, Rjvavi Ges A‡bK Drmvn e¨ÄK DbœwZ|
wmGjwUm e¨envi K‡i KwgDwbwUi
†jvKRb Zv‡`i wUDe‡q‡ji
cøvUdig ˆZix Ki‡Q,
© CARE/ ASWA II Project
cÖvK…wZK †bZviv wmGjwUGm e¨envi K‡i
KwgDwbwUi †jvKR‡bi mv‡_ D×z×Kib
mfv Ki‡Q, © CARE/ ASWA II Project
cÖvK…wZK †bZv wmGjwUm
e¨envi K‡i Uq‡jU
wbg©vb/†givg‡Zi Rb¨
GKRb gwnjv‡K D×z×
Ki‡Q, © CARE/ ASWA II Project
29KwgDwbwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ kZfvM m¨vwb‡Ukb (wmGjwUGm) wb‡`©wkKv
ms‡hvRbx 1 t KwgDwbwU hvPvB Ges †cÖiYv gvb`Û
KwgDwbwUi
bvg/ZvwiL
hvPvB Kivi welq
AR©b
gšÍe¨
nu¨v bv
K. njy` cZvKv
AšÍZ 50% Lvbv, wbwg©Z j¨vwUªb ¸wj e¨envi K‡i (KwgDwbwU Øviv
wWRvBb Kiv j¨vwUªb)
j¨vwUª‡bi †fZ‡ii M‡Z© GKwU XvKbv Av‡Q|
AšÍZ 50% cÖwZôv‡b, cyiæl Ges gwnjv‡`i Rb¨ c„_K j¨vwUªb
ˆZwi K‡i‡Q|
hvPvB`j Øviv ¯^xK…Z
L. meyR cZvKv (ch©vq 1: IwWGd)
KwgDwbwU Øviv wbwg©Z j¨vwUªb 100% e¨envi nq
j¨vwUªb Gi †fZ‡ii M‡Z© GKwU XvKbv Av‡Q|
100% cÖwZôv‡b, cyiæl Ges gwnjv‡`i Rb¨ c„_K j¨vwUªb ˆZwi
K‡i‡Q|
cw_K Ges Rbmvavi‡Yi mgvMg¯’‡j e¨env‡ii Rb¨ j¨vwUªb wbwg©Z
n‡q‡Q Ges e¨envi Kiv nq
hvPvB`j Øviv ¯^xK…Z
M. jvjcZvKv Lvbv Ges cÖvwZôvwbK ch©v‡q †Lvjv RvqMvq cvqLvbv Kiv nq
wbgœgv‡bi nvZ †avqvi Abykxjb
Lvbvq Rj e¨e¯’vcbvi `yie¯’v/Awbivc` cvwbPµ
hvPvB`j Øviv M„nxZ
KwgwUi m`m¨iv
KwgwUi m`m¨
bs
hvPvB KiY `‡ji m`‡m¨i bvg cÖwZwbwaZ¡ ¯^v¶i
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hvPvBKi‡Yi ZvwiL: ------------------------------------------------------------------- hvPvB‡qi Aby‡gvw`Z ¯Íi: (njy`/meyR/mv`v/jvj)
30 KwgDwbwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ kZfvM m¨vwb‡Ukb (wmGjwUGm) wb‡`©wkKv
ms‡hvRbx 2 t KwgDwbwUi Rb¨ IwWGd hvPvB/cÖv_wgK mvwU©wd‡Kkb
K.Lvbv wfwËK
µwgK bs cÖkœ
cÖwZwµqv
gšÍe¨
nu¨v bv
j¨vwUªb
1 j¨vwUªb wK Av‡Q?
2 j¨vwUªb wK e¨envi Kiv nq?
3 j¨vwUª‡bi MZ© wK XvKv _v‡K?
4 cvqLvbv wK †f‡m _v‡K wKsev c¨vb, †`Iqvj ev `iRvq Qwo‡q wQwU‡q _v‡K?
5 AvwObvq A_ev Av‡kcv‡ki †Lvjv RvqMvq cvqLvbvi †Kvb Askwe‡kl wK
cvIqv hvq?
nvZ †avqv
1 j¨vwUª‡bi KvQvKvwQ nvZ †avqvi †Kvb myweav mshy³ Av‡Q wK?
2 nvZ †avqvi myweavq wK cvwb cvIqv hvq?
3 nvZ †avqvi myweavi KvQvKvwQ mvevb ev mvev‡bi weKí wK Av‡Q?
M„n¯’vwj‡Z cvwbi e¨e¯’vcbv
1 Lvbvq cvbxq Rj Ges Ab¨vb¨ e¨env‡ii Rb¨ cvwb c„_K cv‡Î Av‡Q wK?
2 cvwbi cvÎ wK XvKv _v‡K?
3 Kb‡UBbvi †_‡K cvwb wK wbivc‡` †Zvjv nq (msKxY© Rjvavi)?
L. cwiågY (Uªv‡Ý±IqvK)
µwgK # cÖkœvewj
†imcÝ
gšÍe¨mg~n
nu¨v †Kvb
†Lvjv RvqMvq gjZ¨vM
1 KwgDwbwU‡Z †Kv_vI wK gjg~Î Av‡Q?
2 iv¯Ív eivei KwgDwbwU‡Z wK KwgDwbwU j¨vwUªb Av‡Q?
3 evRvi, MxR©v I gmwR` †hgb Rb mgvMg ¯’‡j j¨vwUªb Av‡Q wK?
4 ¯ø¨ve/c¨vb/MZ©, †g‡S, †`qvj, `iRv Ges Av‡kcv‡ki c„‡ô cÖmªve ev cvqLvbv
wK Qwo‡q Av‡Q?
5 KwgDwbwUi cvwbi Drm¸wj wK myiw¶Z Av‡Q (RxeRš‘i bvMv‡ji evB‡i,
†Kvb mivmwi †hvMv‡hvM †bB Ges †KvbI Lvivc b`©gv †bB)?
31KwgDwbwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ kZfvM m¨vwb‡Ukb (wmGjwUGm) wb‡`©wkKv
ms‡hvRbx 3 t Av‡jvPbv `‡ji Rb¨ Av‡jvPbvi c‡q›U/welq
K. gvbe eR©¨ e¨e¯’vcbv• Avcwb †Kv_vq cvqLvbv K‡ib Ges †Kb?• Avcbvi cwiev‡ii mevB wK j¨vwUªb e¨envi K‡i?• Avcwb wKfv‡e wkï‡`i cvqLvbvi e¨e¯’v K‡ib?• KwgDwbwUwU j¨vwUªb¸wj e¨env‡ii Dcvq m¤ú‡K© Avcbvi gZvgZ Kx?• †Q‡j †g‡q‡`i Rb¨ ¯‹z‡j Avjv`v j¨vwUªb Av‡Q wK?• Avcbvi mšÍv‡bi ¯‹zj m¨vwb‡Ukb m¤ú‡K© Avcwb †Kvb Z_¨ Rv‡bb?• Avcbvi j¨vwUªb e¨e¯’vcbvi Dcvq wK?
L. n¨vÛ Iqvwks Abykxjb• Avcbvi j¨vwUª‡b nvZ †avqvi myweav Av‡Q wK?• Avcwb wK ai‡Yi/AvKv‡ii nvZ †avqvi myweav e¨envi Ki‡Qb?• KLb Ges †Kb Avcwb nvZ ay‡q _v‡Kb?• Avcwb nvZ †avqvi Rb¨ mvevb Ges Ab¨ wKQz e¨envi K‡ib wK?• Avcbvi ev”Pv‡`i KvQ †_‡K ¯‹z‡ji n¨vÛIqvwks m¤ú‡K© †Kvb Z_¨ †c‡q‡Qb wK?
M. wbivc` cvwbPµ• Avcbvi cvwbi Drm wK?• cvwbi Drm wK myiw¶Z Ges †eov w`‡q †Niv?• cvwb wb®‹vk‡bi e¨e¯’v wK?• Avcwb wKfv‡e cvwbi Drm Ges evmvq cvwbi e¨e¯’vcbv cwiPvjbv K‡ib?• N‡ii g‡a¨ cvwb msMÖ‡ni cvÎ Kx ai‡bi Ges wK AvKv‡ii?• ¯‹z‡j wbivc` cvwbi cÖvc¨Zv m¤ú‡K ©Avcbvi †Kvb Z_¨ Rvbv Av‡Q wK?• cwiev‡ii cvwb wbivc` Kivi Rb¨ wbgœwjwLZ c×wZ¸wji g‡a¨ †KvbwU e¨envi K‡ib (hw` Awbivc` Drm †_‡K
_v‡K) t cwimªveY, dzUv‡bv, Ae‡¶cY, ivmvqwbK, Ab¨vb¨|
N. mvaviY• KwgDwbwU A¨vKkb cø¨v‡bi Av‡jvPbv• KwgDwbwU A¨vKkb cø¨vb (K¨vc)/P¨v‡jĸwji cÖ‡qvM• cÖavb P¨v‡jĸwji gy‡LvgywL nIqv Ges c`‡¶c †bqv• KwgDwbwUi AvBbKvbyb• KwgDwbwUi cieZ©x c`‡¶c
32 KwgDwbwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ kZfvM m¨vwb‡Ukb (wmGjwUGm) wb‡`©wkKv
ms‡hvRbx-4 t IwWGd hvPvB‡qi msw¶ß weeiY
cÖwZwU hvPvBKi‡Yi Aax‡b hvPvB Kiv MÖv‡gi Rb¨ Avcbvi gšÍe¨ wjLyb|
mvaviY Z_¨
KwgDwbwUi bvg t
IqvW© t
BDwbqb t
Dc‡Rjv t
†Rjv t
ZvwiL t
ch©‡e¶Y
K. Lvbv cwi`k©b
L. cwiågY
M. †dvKvm MÖæ‡c Av‡jvPbv (GdwRwW)
Dcmsnvi
bs hvPvBKvix `‡ji m`‡m¨i bvg cÖwZwbwaZ¡ ¯^v¶i ZvwiL
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33KwgDwbwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ kZfvM m¨vwb‡Ukb (wmGjwUGm) wb‡`©wkKv
ms‡hvRbx 5 t KwgDwbwU ¯Í‡i †m‡KÛvwi mvwU©wd‡Kk‡bi Rb¨ hvPvBKiY
K.Lvbv wfwËK
µwgK bs cÖkœ
cÖwZwµqv
gšÍe¨
nu¨v bv
j¨vwUªb
1 j¨vwUªb wK Av‡Q?
2 j¨vwUªb wK e¨envi Kiv nq?
3 j¨vwUª‡bi MZ© wK XvKv _v‡K?
4 cvqLvbv wK †f‡m _v‡K wKsev c¨vb, †`Iqvj ev `iRvq cÖ¯ªve ev cvqLvbv
Qwo‡q wQwU‡q _v‡K?
5 AvwObvq A_ev Av‡kcv‡ki †Lvjv RvqMvq cvqLvbvi †Kvb Askwe‡kl wK
cvIqv hvq?
nvZ †avqv
1 j¨vwUª‡bi KvQvKvwQ nvZ †avqvi †Kvb myweav mshy³ Av‡Q wK?
2 nvZ †avqvi myweavq wK cvwb cvIqv hvq?
3 nvZ †avqvi myweavi KvQvKvwQ mvevb ev mvev‡bi weKí Av‡Q wK?
4 nvZ †avqvi cÖPjb Av‡Q wK?
M„n¯’vwj‡Z cvwbi e¨e¯’vcbv
1 Lvbvq cvbxqRj Ges Ab¨vb¨ e¨env‡ii Rb¨ cvwb c„_K cv‡Î Av‡Q wK?
2 cvwbi cvÎ XvKv _v‡K wK?
3 Kb‡UBbvi †_‡K cvwb wK wbivc‡` †Zvjv nq (msKxY© Rjvavi)?
4 cwiev‡ii Rb¨ Awbivc` Drm †_‡K M„nxZ cvwb wKfv‡e cwi‡kvab Kiv nq
(A_©vr, dzUv‡bv, A-ivmvqwbK, ivmvqwbK wdëvi Ges Ab¨vb¨ Kg Li‡Pi
ivmvqwbK wdëvi)?
34 KwgDwbwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ kZfvM m¨vwb‡Ukb (wmGjwUGm) wb‡`©wkKv
L. cwiågY (Uªv‡ÝKIqvK)
µwgK # cÖkœvewj
†imcÝ
gšÍe¨mg~n
n¨vu †Kvb
†Lvjv RvqMvq gjZ¨vM
1 KwgDwbwU‡Z †Kv_vI gjg~Î Av‡Q wK?
2 iv¯Ív eivei KwgDwbwU‡Z KwgDwbwU j¨vwUªb Av‡Q wK?
3 evRvi, MxR©v I gmwR` †hgb RbmgvMg ¯’‡j j¨vwUªb Av‡Q wK?
4 ¯ø¨ve/c¨vb/MZ©, †g‡S, †`qvj, `iRv Ges Av‡kcv‡ki c„‡ô wK cÖmªve ev
cvqLvbv Qwo‡q Av‡Q?
5 KwgDwbwUi cvwbi Drm¸wj myiw¶Z Av‡Q wK (RxeRš‘i bvMv‡ji evB‡i,
†Kvb mivmwi †hvMv‡hvM †bB Ges †KvbI Lvivc b`©gv †bB)?
35KwgDwbwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ kZfvM m¨vwb‡Ukb (wmGjwUGm) wb‡`©wkKv
ms‡hvRbx-6: †m‡KÛvwi mvwU©wd‡KU mvivsk kxU
cÖwZwU hvPvBKi‡Yi Aax‡b hvPvBKiv MÖv‡gi Rb¨ Avcbvi gšÍe¨ wjLyb|
mvaviY Z_¨
KwgDwbwUi bvg t
IqvW© t
BDwbqb t
Dc‡Rjv t
†Rjv t
ZvwiL t
ch©‡e¶Y
K. Lvbv cwi`k©b
L. cwiågY
M. †dvKvm MÖæ‡c Av‡jvPbv (GdwRwW)
Dcmsnvi
bs hvPvBKvix `‡ji m`‡m¨i bvg cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Kib ¯^v¶i ZvwiL
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m~Î/†idv‡iÝ1. wmGjwUGm †fwiwd‡Kkb mvwU©wd‡Kkb †cÖv‡UvKj Bw_Iwcqv, Ryb 2012
2. †cÖv‡UvKj di mvwU©wd‡Kkb GÛ †fwiwd‡Kkb Ad IwWGd GÛ †UvUvjm¨vwb‡Ukb KwgDwbwUm
3. G cÖ¨vKwUkbvim MvBW di †fwiwd‡Kkb mvwU©wd‡Kkb Bb †Kwbqv, 2011
4. n¨vÛ eyK Ab wmGjwUGm, Kgj Ki DB_ ievU© †P¤^vi, 2008
5. cÖvKwUK¨vj MvBW Uy wUªMvwis wmGjwUGm Bb mvD_, mvD_ B÷ Gwkqv, GÛ Bb B÷ Avwd«Kv, b‡f¤^i 2005
6. IqvUvi mvcøvB GÛ m¨vwb‡Ukb, wd‡ivR Avn‡g`
36 KwgDwbwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ kZfvM m¨vwb‡Ukb (wmGjwUGm) wb‡`©wkKv