LAB EQUIPMENT

I. MEASURING AND DISPENSING LIQUIDS

A.A. Graduated cylinder Graduated cylinder 1. used to accurately measure volumevolume2. measured in mL 3. For the most precise measurements, use a graduated cylinder with the smallest marks 4. read it from the meniscus meniscus

Meniscus – the curve at the surface of a liquid

B. PipettesPipettes, burettes, and syringes are also used for measuring volume and dispensing liquids

II. HANDLING AND STORING LIQUIDS

A. Medicine dropper A. Medicine dropper 1. generally, 20 drops will equal1. generally, 20 drops will equal 1 1 mL mL

2. Not used to measure liquids precisely 2. Not used to measure liquids precisely

B. Test tubes B. Test tubes

1. used for mixing and handling liquids 1. used for mixing and handling liquids

2. can be capped for 2. can be capped for storagestorage

C. Beakers and Erlenmeyer Flasks C. Beakers and Erlenmeyer Flasks

1. used for storing and 1. used for storing and mixingmixing liquids liquids

2. Some have markings; however, they do 2. Some have markings; however, they do NOTNOT give accurate measurements give accurate measurements

3. If it measures up to 250 mL of liquid, don’t 3. If it measures up to 250 mL of liquid, don’t use it to measure 250 mL of liquid because it use it to measure 250 mL of liquid because it could spill out could spill out

III. MEASURING MASS & WEIGHT

A. Mass A. Mass

1. measurement of how much 1. measurement of how much mattermatter is in an is in an object object

2. measured in2. measured in grams grams

3. **use a triple-beam balance to measure 3. **use a triple-beam balance to measure mass** mass**

B. Weight B. Weight

1. measurement of the force of 1. measurement of the force of gravitygravity on an on an objectobject

2. measured in Newton’s 2. measured in Newton’s

3. Use a 3. Use a spring scale spring scale

C. Triple-beam balance C. Triple-beam balance

1. put it on a level surface1. put it on a level surface

2. make sure the riders are all the way to 2. make sure the riders are all the way to the the left left

3. Make sure the marker is at the 3. Make sure the marker is at the zerozero mark mark

4. place your object on the pan 4. place your object on the pan

5. start with the5. start with the largest largest rider rider

6. Move the riders until they click into 6. Move the riders until they click into place place

7. 7. addadd the numbers on the riders to find the numbers on the riders to find the the mass mass

D. Spring Scale D. Spring Scale

1. Used to measure weight1. Used to measure weight

2. Hold the scale up and attach the object 2. Hold the scale up and attach the object to to the weighted hook the weighted hook

IV. MEASURING LENGTH & TEMPERATURE

A. Meter stick A. Meter stick Uses SI units (meters) to measure lengthUses SI units (meters) to measure length

B. Temperature B. Temperature

A. measures how hot or cold an object is A. measures how hot or cold an object is

B. determined by how fast or slow an object is B. determined by how fast or slow an object is movingmoving

C. The faster the molecules are moving theC. The faster the molecules are moving the higher higher the temperature the temperature

D. D. kinetic energy kinetic energy – energy of motion– energy of motion

E. Measure in degrees Celsius E. Measure in degrees Celsius

F. 100 degrees is boiling, F. 100 degrees is boiling, 00 degrees is freezing degrees is freezing (water) (water)

V. EQUIPMENT USED FOR HEATING A. Bunsen BurnerA. Bunsen Burner

A. uses gas to make a flame A. uses gas to make a flame B. steps B. steps

a. make sure the gas outlet handle is fully a. make sure the gas outlet handle is fully closed (at a closed (at a 90 degree angle) 90 degree angle)

b. connect the hose leading from the burner b. connect the hose leading from the burner outlet to outlet to the the gasgas outlet outlet

c. turn the handle on for the gas to open c. turn the handle on for the gas to open d. turn the gas adjustment knob at the base d. turn the gas adjustment knob at the base

of the of the burner to allow gas through the burnerburner to allow gas through the burnere. hold a lighted match a little to thee. hold a lighted match a little to the side side of of

the gas the gas flow flow f. Turn the air control vent to get a f. Turn the air control vent to get a blueblue flame. flame.

The The hottest part of the flame will be the top of the hottest part of the flame will be the top of the bright bright blue inner flame blue inner flame

g. can reach temperatures up to g. can reach temperatures up to 15001500 degrees Celsius degrees Celsius

C. Heating a test tube over a bunsen burner flame C. Heating a test tube over a bunsen burner flame

a. use a test tube clamp to hold the test tube a. use a test tube clamp to hold the test tube by by the body, not the the body, not the rimrim

b. b. nevernever cap or plug a test tube when heating cap or plug a test tube when heating it it

c. always point the open end away from c. always point the open end away from everyone everyone

d. don’t fill the test tube to the top d. don’t fill the test tube to the top

e. don’t put the test tube in the e. don’t put the test tube in the hottesthottest part of part of the the flame flame

B. Hot plate B. Hot plate

A. Doesn’t produce an open flame A. Doesn’t produce an open flame

B. never leave unattended B. never leave unattended

C. Commonly used to heat liquids in C. Commonly used to heat liquids in beakers beakers and flasks, esp. when ingredients and flasks, esp. when ingredients need to be need to be stirred stirred

C. Heat Safety C. Heat Safety

A. open flames and hot plates should never A. open flames and hot plates should never be left be left unattended unattended

B. Keep all flammable and combustible B. Keep all flammable and combustible materials materials away from away from open flames open flames

C. Use appropriate equipment to handle hot C. Use appropriate equipment to handle hot glasswareglassware

a. use test tube holders for a. use test tube holders for test tubestest tubes

b. Use tongs for beakers, flasks, or b. Use tongs for beakers, flasks, or crucibles crucibles

c. use asbestos gloves when handling c. use asbestos gloves when handling hot hot

glassware glassware