United States Department of the Interior National Park Senice

ational Register of Historic nventory-Nomination Form

For NPS u n only

recsired

date entered

See instructions in How to Complete National Register Forms Type all entrieb-complete applicable sections

l Name historic Marshall, James, House ; "Marshall Hall" ; Marshall-Mvers-Bvron House

and or common "Windward"

2. Location street numbr Shepherd Grade (County Route 5) - not for publication

city, town Shepherdstown A vicinity of

state West Virginia code 54 county Jefferson cock 037

Gatogory Ownership Status h u n t U w - district - pubik -x- occupied -X_ agriculture - museum 2 L building($) n private - unoccupied - commercki - P A - structure - both - work in progress - edumtio~i L private residem - site P blic Acquisition Accessible - entertainment - religious - object G in process L yes: restricted - government - scientific

- being considered -- yes: unrestricted - industrial - tr8nsport.tion - no - milituy - other:

4. Owner of Property neme Nr. and Mrs. James Edgar 3vron

streat a number Windward, Box 1626

CW. town Shepherdstwon X vkinitv of state West Vireinia

5. Location of Leaal Descri~tion courthouse, registry of deeds, etc. Jefferson County Courthouse

- -- - --

a number corner of Washington and George Streets -

,ity,town Charles Town state West Virginia

6. Representation in Existing Surveys

'ate 1972-1973 f e d e r a l s t a t e 1 county - kc81 ----

depmitw for survey re-$ Jefferson County planning Commission -

city, town Charles Town ,Wt, West Virginia 25414

7. Description

Comditisn Chock ome Check w 'x excellent - deteriorated - unaltered -L original site Q o o d - ruins 2 altered - moved date N/A )-

- unexpom3d

Ckscrih the p n m n t and original lit known) physical appearance

Windward, formerly known a s Marshall Ha l l and Meadow V i e w , is loca t ed 1.5 miles no r th of Shepherdstown, West Vi rg in ia on Shepherd Grade. The house is s i t u a t e d 0.7 of a mile from Shepherd Grade a t t h e end of a l a n e t h a t was formerly a logging road .

The two-story L-shaped red b r i ck house wi th a t t i c and basement is b u i l t on a rubble l imes tone foundat ion. The facade f a c e s south. The brickwork on t h e sou th s i d e is l a i d up i n Flemish bond. The remaining e x t e r i o r walls a r e l a i d up i n common bond, having f i v e rows of s t r e t c h e r s t o one row of headers .

The c l ipped h i p roof is covered i n s l a t e and has a r idge running east t o west over t h e main s e c t i o n and a r i dge running no r th t o south over t h e wing. One chimney rises from t h e roof at t h e no r th end of t h e north-to-south r i d g e of t h e roo f . The main s e c t i o n measures 44 f e e t by 30 f e e t and t h e wing measures 29 f e e t by 38 f e e t . Important Greek Revival elements of design a r e t h e f l u s h gab le s and i n t e r i o r chimneys a t t h e no r th and east gable ends of t h e house.

The f i v e bay f r o n t facade (A) f e a t u r e s a s imple one-story Greek Reviva l -s ty le porch with s i x squared, splayed wooden columns suppor t ing a pedimented roof covered i n s l a t e . A t r a b e a t e d en t rance , a Greek-Revival f e a t u r e , wi th double doors opens i n t o t h e c e n t e r h a l l . The doorway's mullions are embell ished at t h e top wi th acanthus l e a v e s , whi le t h e transom and s i d e l i g h t s a r e of l e a d and g l a s s . There are fou r windows of s i x over s i x double-hung sa sh on t h e f i r s t f l o o r , a l l w i th formal f l a t b r i c k a rches . O r i g i n a l l y t h e r e were f o u r small windows i n t h e s tone foundat ion. The two windows t o t h e east of t h e porch have been f i l l e d i n wi th s t o n e t h a t matches t h e foundat ion.

On t h e second f l o o r t h e r e are f i v e windows wi th s i x over s i x double-hung sash . The door and a l l windows a r e surmounted by b r i c k f l a t a r ches and t h e r e is a co rbe l ed b r i c k c o r n i c e a t t h e eaves l i n e on t h e f r o n t and r e a r e l e v a t i o n s of t h e main s e c t i o n of t h e house. A l l windows on t h e f i r s t and second f l o o r s of t h e main house a r e similar i n con f igu ra t ion t o those i n t h e f r o n t facade.

I n t h e east e l e v a t i o n of t h e main s e c t i o n (B) t h e r e are one window and a door ( former ly a window) on t h e f irst f l o o r , two windows on t h e second f l o o r and two small casement windows i n t h e gab le end a t t h e a t t i c l e v e l . A chimney rises w i t h i n t h e b r i c k wall fretween the windows. Ttrere is n e i t h e r a b r i ck co rn i ce nor a wooden bargeboard a t t h e junc t ion of the wall and s l a t e roo f .

A t t h e f i r s t f l o o r l e v e l on the n o r t h s i d e of t h e main s e c t i o n ( C ) , t h e o r i g i n a l window has been altered to d e a sma3..ler "over the s ink" window. On t h e second f l o o r t h e r e is a window resembling those on t h e east e l e v a t i o n and, w i th in t h e s t o n e foundat ion , t h e r e are s t o n e s t e p s leading t o t h e basement.

The n o r t h end of t h e wing (E) c o n t a i n s a massive i n t e r i o r chimney r i s i n g from t h e s t o n e foundat ion. P a r t of t h i s foundat ion w a s removed a t ground l e v e l t o a l low f o r t h e i n s t a l l a t i o n of a wooden and glass-paned double garage door. There are two wooden-framed casement windows loca t ed under t h e roof a t t h e a t t i c l e v e l f l a n k i n g t h e

t c h i m y i r r t h e g a b h end.

m - m H .

Urdted States Department of the Intertor National Park Service

National Register of Historic Places )Continuation Sheet

Section number 7 Page 2 Windward

Also located under the roof are double-tiered galleries (D) open to the east and north and supported by five squared and splayed wooden columns. These galleries originally rested on stone piers. However, when the galleries were rebuilt during the 19601s, the areas between the piers were filled in with concrete block. The columns and gallery railings were extensively repaired and screens were installed within the last twenty years. Two-tiered galleries are a common, though rapidly disappearing, feature of early West Virginia eastern panhandle houses. The galleries are usually located at the rear elevations within the angle between the main house block and rear ell. Such galleries are found in early 19th-century houses in northern Virginia and western Mary land.

The western elevation, encompassing both the main house and the wing (F), has five windows on both the first and second floors. Those windows in the main block are identical to the windows in the front facade. The remaining windows are nine over six double-hung sash on the first floor and six over six on the second floor. There are five small windows in the stone foundation at the basement level. These windows have contemporary cement sills and the wooden window frames have been replaced with metal frames. All other window sills in the house are walnut and many have recently been repaired with an epoxy resin.

The interior of Windward has been carefully restored where possible and other interior systems have been sympathetically renovated and modernized. The previous owners retained most of the woodwork and hardware, including the Carpenter locks.

The woodwork is more elaborate in the main section of the first floor than on the second floor or in the wing. Corner blocks may be found on all doorways and windows woodwork except in the kitchen, at the north end of the wing, where the woodwork is circa 1940. Chair rails remain in the library and the dining room. There is a decorative wooden cornice in the living room which is a recent addition and should be removed.

Ten fireplaces remain in the house and two others have been closed to accommodate the furnace flue. The yellow pine floors are in excellent condition throughout the house with the exception of the dining room floor where some boards were apparently charred by fire. It appears that the interior doors were formerly grained to simulate mahogany. In 1985, the doors in the library were regrained and the walls and woodwork were repainted in their original colors.

The present owners were told that the large living room on the west side of the main section was formerly divided into two rooms, each with its own fireplace. This information has yet to be definitely substantiated.

An interesting interior feature is the elegant open-string main stairway which rises from the rear of the front hall. This is unusual because most staircases of the period

1 face ttre foyer and entrance. The r-esuf e of thf s desig= is a spacToKs -entrancepfoyer suitable for the placement of furniture, in the manner of a living hall.

United Strtm Department of the Interior National Park Senrice

National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet

Section number 7 paw

3 Windward

Windward is a well-preserved early 19th century farmhouse which exhibits spacious, high-ceilinged rooms on each side of the center hall on both the first and second floors. Trim and finish are somewhat more elaborate on the first floor where doorways feature paneled reveals and jambs and lintels are deeply moulded. The top casing of the doorways is enriched with corner or rose blocks. Mantels are also formally designed, though with plain surfaces, typical of Greek Revival woodwork. Representative of the period are large, multi-paned windows positioned above panelled aprons in the living room.

Limestone foundations of a barn that burned in the early 1900's are visible and the outline of a structure to the north of the house can be seen during the dry summer months. It was probably the log kitchen, with living quarter above, mentioned in Deed book 35, pages 494-498, in the Jefferson County Courthouse.

Many artifacts continue to surface in areas surrounding the house. These include pieces of farm machinery and farm implements as well as fragments of pottery, ceramics and glass. An 1956 diagram, indicating the approximate location of a small house, smokehouse, corncrib, wagonshed, well and orchard, presents the owners with evidence that historic archaeological potential on the property may be outstanding.

Contributing Resources - 1 building

United States Department of the Interior National Park Sewice

National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination Form r s on ti nu at ion sheet wscription Iternnumber 7

Windward, Jefferson County, West Virginia

8. Significance

Period . prehistoric - 1400-1499

i ;z;::: - 1700-1 799 2- 1800-1899 ,- 1900-

Areas of Slgniticanc.--Check and justify b l o w archeology-prehistoric - - community planning . - - landscape architecture .--. religion

-- archeology-historic - - conservation - -- law - rclence -- agriculture - - - economics literature -- sculpture -i!. architecture education - military -- social1

art - engineering --- music humanitarian .- commerce . -- explorationlsettlament -- philosophy - theater -- communications industry -- politicslgovernment - transportation

-- - invention - other (specify)

Spocitic dates c. 1835 BuilderlArchitect Unknown

Statement of Significance (in one paragraph)

Meets Criterion C

Windward, circa 1835, is an important surviving example of rural residential Greek Revival architecture in the Shenandoah and Cumberland Valleys. Known as Windward since 1966, the house is located on an elevation north of Shepherdstown with outstanding views of the Blue Ridge and Allegheny Mountains. The house is also significant for its architectural merit as an excellent example of the Greek Revival style in West Virginia's Eastern Panhandle, and West Virginia in general.

The large brick house was constructed about 1835 by James Marshall on ancient lands granted to Thomas Swearingan by Lord Fairfax in 1750. The Marshall family owned the house, sometimes called "Marshall Hall," until about 1914, when it came into other hands, one of which, the Myers family, established a turkey farming operation on the property. Captain John Schley, owner from 1966 to 1980, was involved in restoring the house. Windward was officially designated a Jefferson County historic landmark in 1977.

Windward is a well-preserved early 19th century farmhouse which exhibits spacious, high-ceilinged rooms on each side of the center hall on both the first and second floors. Trim and finish are somewhat more elaborate on the first floor where doorways feature paneled reveals and jambs and lintels are deeply moulded. The top casing of the doorways is enriched with corner or rose blocks. Mantels are also formally designed, though with plain surfaces, typical of Greek Revival woodwork. Representative of the period are large, multi-paned windows positioned above panelled aprons in the living room.

Limestone foundations of a barn that burned in the early 1900's are visible and the outline of a structure to the north of the house can be seen during the dry summer months. It was probably the log kitchen, with living quarter above, mentioned in Deed book 35, pages 494-498, in the Jefferson County Courthouse.

Many artifacts continue to surface in areas surrounding the house. These include pieces of farm dl as fragments of pottery, ceramics and

laation of a small house, prhents the owners with evidence

on the property may be outstanding. 'I

The Greek Revival two-story L-shaped red brick houh with attic and basement is built on a rubble limestone foundation. The facade faces south. The brickwork on the south side is laid up in Flemish bond. The remaining exterior walls are laid up in common bond, b~vving five rows af. stretchers La-one r ~ w 02 headers. - - - - -. - t

Unftad States Department of the Interlor National Park Service

National Register of Historic Places )Continuation Sheet

Sectionnumber 8 Page 2 Windward

The c l i pped h i p roof is covered i n slate and has a r i d g e running east t o w e s t over t h e main s e c t i o n and a r i d g e running n o r t h t o south over t h e wing. One chimney rises from t h e roof a t t h e no r th end of t h e north-to-south r i d g e of t h e r o o f . The main s e c t i o n measures 44 f e e t by 30 f e e t and t h e wing measures 29 f e e t by 38 f e e t . Important Greek Revival elements of de s ign are t h e f l u s h gab le s and i n t e r i o r chimneys a t t h e n o r t h and e a s t gable ends of t h e house.

The f i v e bay f r o n t facade f e a t u r e s a s imple one-story Greek Reviva l - s ty le porch wi th s i x squared, splayed wooden columns suppor t i ng a pedimented roof covered i n s l a t e . A t r a b e a t e d en t r ance , a Greek Reviva l f e a t u r e , w i th double doors opens i n t o t h e c e n t e r h a l l . The doorway's mul l ions are embel l i shed a t t h e t o p wi th acanthus l e a v e s , wh i l e t h e transom and s i d e l i g h t s are of l e a d and g l a s s . There a r e fou r windows of s i x over s i x double-hung sash on t h e f i r s t f l o o r , a l l with formal f l a t b r i c k a r ches .

The Marshall-Myers-Byron House is a s i g n i f i c a n t example of Greek Reviva l a r c h i t e c t u r e i n West Vi rg in i a . Important , wel l -preserved hal lmarks of t h e s t y l e i n c l u d e a corbe led b r i c k c o r n i c e , t r abea t ed doorway t r e a t m e n t s , and i n t e r i o r t r im which e x h i b i t s superb window and door ca s ing , r ibbed and embel l ished wi th r o s e blocks.

9. Maior Biblioaramhical References

See a t t ached s h e e t

10. Geoaraphical Data

Zone Easting Northing

V*rb.lboMarl(d.scri~tionandjustificrtion Beginning a t sou theas t co rne r of s t o n e wall, n o r t h 195 f e e t t o t u rkey f i e l d fence , vest 31 f e e t t o pond f i e l d fence , south 195 f e e t , e a s t 91 f e e t t o p o i n t of beginning, approximately one-half a c r e , encompassing t h e main house and inc lud ing k i t c h e d a u a r t e r s - poss ib l e f u t u r e ar-irnl s i t e .

Ust 811 states and counties tor propwties overlapping stmte or county boundaries

atate N/A code county code

N/A code county code

1 1. Form Prepared By

nm#ltitk Lynne Kerwin Byron (Mrs. James Edgar Byron)

oramhation date A p r i l 30, 1988

street & number Windward. Box 1626 tele~hone (304) 876-3483

clty or town Shepherdstown state West V i r g i n i a 25443

12. State Historic Preservation Officer Certification The wakc8M rlgnlfimnce at tbis property within the state is:

- rtWonrl x-- state - local

A. ths designated State Historic Preservation Officer for the NaticmsZ Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 8 s 1 h.nly nondrush this property tor inclusion In has been evaluated

rcQord lngbtnc~dprc#wlurarse t te r thby

Strte Hlstork Pmervrthm Otticer signature

titk S t a t e H i s t o r i c P re se rva t ion

United States Department of the Interior National Park Senrice

National Register of Historic Places ->ventory--Nomination Form

Major Bibliographical - -

Continuation sheet References Itemnumber 9 Page 1 of 1 - - -

Windward, Jefferson county, West Virginia

Berkeley County Courthouse, Yartinslsurg, West Virginia Will Book 2/page 332

Jefferson County Courthouse, Charles Town, West Vircjinia Deed Book 12/page 514 Deed Book 35/pages 494-498

Jefferson County Courthouse, Charles Torim, West Virginia Will Book Il/pages 68-73; 161-165; 165-172; 455-456

Jefferson County Planning Commission, Clmrles ToI~, West Virginia Jefferson County Architectwal Inventory Form SG7

Calendar and indcxto Recorded Survey Plats in Jefferson County, West Virsinia (Virciinia) Courthouse 1801-1901

Interviews with George L. Marshall 1985-1988

Interview with Rodney S. Collins April 1988

united Stater Department of the Interlor National Park Senrice

~ati-onal Register of Historic Places vventory-Nomination Form

Windward, J e f f e r s o n County, West Virginia

'I'

Unltd State8 Department of the Intertor National Park Service

National Register of Historic Places )Continuation Sheet

Section number lo Page 2 Windward

verbal boundary description

The point of beginning is at the terminus of the access road as shown on top0 map for the Shepherdstown Quad, W.Va., Point A. The boundary runs northward 195 feet in a straight line, 96 feet westward in a straight line, 195 feet southward in a straight line, thence 96 feet eastward in a straight line to point A, beginning, to form a rectangle. (See red line on sketch map.)

justification

The nominated property constitutes the extent of historic grounds associated with the house.