8/4/2019 L. Juha-Using ELI-Beamlines in Molecular, Bio Medical and Material Sciences

1/12

Using ELI-beamlinesin molecular, biomedical and material

sciences

Libor JuhaInstitute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic

Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague, Czech RepublicE-mail: juha@fzu.cz

8/4/2019 L. Juha-Using ELI-Beamlines in Molecular, Bio Medical and Material Sciences

2/12

Great challenges in molecular, biomedical,and material sciences (MBM sciences)of 21st century can be formulated as follows:

Measuring the mechanisms of physical and chemical processesat the atomic scale. We need to develop cameras for makingmolecular movies and learn how to use them effectively to probematter in quick motion.

Controlling electronic processes in matter. In addition to that,nuclear dynamics following the electronic events should represent asubject of control.

Understanding the complexity. Efficient methods should be

developed to control and investigate various processes in real, i.e.,highly complex, systems in the state as they are present in nature.

Nanometre scale imaging of arbitrary objects in their nativestate, e.g., capturing a living cell at nanometre resolution.Nanometrically resolved dynamics of their responses to various

stimuli.

8/4/2019 L. Juha-Using ELI-Beamlines in Molecular, Bio Medical and Material Sciences

3/12

Why MBM sciences need the ultra-short pulses

(a) temporal scales of particular processes

electron dynamics: resolution better than 1 fs

nuclear dynamics (molecular vibrations, phonon

dynamics): characteristic times in ~ 10 fsintramolecular dynamics in large molecules: > 1 ps

times >> 1 ps: molecular fragmentation, real chemical change,radiative transitions in molecules (fluorescence) occur at longer

time scales.

(b) Using a single sub-picosecond pulse avoids an influence ofradiation damage to probed system on the measurement.

8/4/2019 L. Juha-Using ELI-Beamlines in Molecular, Bio Medical and Material Sciences

4/12

Subnanometer-scale measurements of the interaction of ultrafast

soft X-ray free-electron-laser pulses with matter,Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 145502 (2007)

8/4/2019 L. Juha-Using ELI-Beamlines in Molecular, Bio Medical and Material Sciences

5/12

Why MBM sciences need the ultra-intenseradiation

A] because of probing and/or pumping highly diluted systems if weinvestigate a system containing the target species (e.g. ions, clusters,molecules) at very low concentration we need very high concentration of

photons. Typical examples of such a system represent a cloud of highly

charged ions, species doping a certain solid material and/or atomic,molecular or cluster beams.

B] because of probing and/or pumping a particular process in very complexsystems if the system is composed of numerous compounds in several

phases, the deposited radiation energy is distributed into many differentchannels. Thus only a minor portion of the pulse energy is utilized to initiate

and/or visualize the particular species and/or process investigated. We

should take into account that most of systems which investigation ismotivated by an application are very complex, e.g., cells, tissues,

organisms, artificial nanostructures, geological matter, etc.

8/4/2019 L. Juha-Using ELI-Beamlines in Molecular, Bio Medical and Material Sciences

6/12

Why MBM sciences need energetic photonsand charged particles

a) The energetic particles, i.e., the short-wavelength radiation, are neededbecause of diffraction limit in either imaging with nanometer resolution (wehave to probe nanostructures and microstructures) or targeting the energy

deposition on the nanoscale.

b) Another reason lies on the time scale. According to the Heisenbergprinciple we need an energetic quantum to fit in a short period of time.

c) Quantum energies emitted by ELI-driven sources may be varied over awide range what makes it possible to control local energy densities and

energy deposition rates.

d) ELI driven sources provide also both photons and charged particles. Thisis of use for varying the depth deposition of radiation energy. Photons are

absorbed exponentially, leaving maximum energy at the surface, while

charged particles often deliver maximum energy in a certain depth within thenear-surface region.

8/4/2019 L. Juha-Using ELI-Beamlines in Molecular, Bio Medical and Material Sciences

7/12

ELI provides a unique opportunity ofperfect spatial overlap and temporal

synchronization of an fast optical laserbeam with beams of ionizing radiation athighest parameters achievable using the

technology of the near future. Such acombination allows to investigate veryearly stages of photochemical and/or

radiation chemical processes.

Why MBM sciences need ELI

8/4/2019 L. Juha-Using ELI-Beamlines in Molecular, Bio Medical and Material Sciences

8/12

Key research topics

(a) X-ray coherent imaging with atomic resolution

(b) X-ray holography with atomic resolution

(c) Time-resolved X-ray diffraction / radiography

(d) Sub-picosecond pulse radiolysis: looking at very early

events in an interaction of ionizing radiation with matter

(e) Influencing and probing diluted systems: molecular andcluster beams, nanodroplets and nanocrystallites, surfaces

and interfaces

8/4/2019 L. Juha-Using ELI-Beamlines in Molecular, Bio Medical and Material Sciences

9/12

Diluted systems: proposed experimentalarrangement for a VUV/XUV/X-ray beam-induced photoionization andphotodissociation of van-der-Waals clusters,to be implemented at MBM station of ELI.

ELI-provided VUV/XUV/X-ray beam:- photodissociation- photoionization

TOF and Ion Imaging:Mass spectrometryand 3-D velocity imaging

CCD

camera

MCP with Phosphorousscreen

Electron gunMolecular beamSupersonic expansion

Skimmer

Differentially pumped HV and UHV vacuum chambers

Pick-up CellOptional for embedding foreign

molecules in clusters

more details - Michal Farnik

[e-mail: farnik@jh-inst.cas.cz]

8/4/2019 L. Juha-Using ELI-Beamlines in Molecular, Bio Medical and Material Sciences

10/12

At the MBM station(s) intended to be built andoperated at ELI, following main layouts will be constructed,commissioned, and utilized in molecular, biomedical and materialsresearch:

a) the pulse radiolysis device with sub-ps resolution should be basedon a combination of ELI-driven particle (i.e. electron, proton, highlycharged ions) and/or energetic photon beam and properly delayedportion of the primary ELI beam for analysis of radiation-generatedtransients,

b) ELI-driven electron beam will serve in the time-resolved electrondiffraction apparatus; timing with a portion of the ELI optical beamallow to investigate structural changes in photo-transforming

systems,

Summary

8/4/2019 L. Juha-Using ELI-Beamlines in Molecular, Bio Medical and Material Sciences

11/12

c) coherent XUV/x-ray sources operated at ELI will be used fordiffractive imaging of various objects, from single molecules to livingcells; timing the short-wavelength beam with the long-wavelengthone offers a possibility to investigate a fast response of theinvestigated system to high fluxes of low-energy photons, and

d) ELI-drive short-wavelength sources allow looking also at spatio-temporal momentum patterns of photo-electrons and secondary

electrons; this layout may provide important information on fastelectronic and structural dynamics of highly energized molecular andsupra-molecular systems. Coupling the short- and long-wavelengthlaser fields allows to clock the system on the very fine time scale(optical streak camera with ultra-high temporal resolution will be

developed).

Summary cont.

8/4/2019 L. Juha-Using ELI-Beamlines in Molecular, Bio Medical and Material Sciences

12/12

Thank you for your attention.