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Landscape Ecology: Climate Change

LN 307 Landscape Ecology

Fa Likitswat

Faculty of Architecture and Planning

Thammasat University

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Climate Change Adaptation

Climate Change Adaptation and

Landscape Ecology

New Planning concepts Why do these matter?

What are the following question?

How to apply landscape ecology to Climate

change adaptation?

Discussion

overview

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Climate Change AdaptionandLandscape

Ecology

Adapting landscapes to reduce impacts from climate change has

received increasing scientific attention. Proposedadaptation measures will concern natural resources such as water, soiland biodiversity and related ecosystem services like water supply orrecreation values of landscapes. Existing adaptation plans often

focus on solutions from the viewpoint ofa particular sector, such as preventing flood damage bybuilding dams or preventing loss of biodiversity by developingecological networks. However on-the-ground implementation of

adaptation measures is still hampered because adaptationmeasures are insufficiently suitable for

application in local planning processeswith multiple stakeholders.

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What are the following question?

Concepts like

adaptive management,

building adaptivecapacity,the ecosystem approach,

vulnerabilityor resilienceare often recommended as planning solutions for the challenges of climate

change.

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Climate ChangeandLandscape Ecology

New perspectives in managingthe climate changeManaging climate change is considered one of the biggestchallenges of the decades to come. Understanding its complex

interaction with abiotic, biotic, and socio economic systems, aswell as its effects on land use, landscapes, or even ecosystemservices is an essential basis for the development of effective

and efficient adaptation strategies. Landscapeecology is considered one of thedisciplines that can provide essential

insights into these interactions.

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Climate ChangeandLandscape Ecology

New perspectives in managingthe climate changeThe analysis of pattern and processes

on landscape level must includeassessment methods for existing trendsas well as modeling of complexreactions in environmental, social, andeconomic systems. It can provide essential insight inthe links between nature and society and derive the scientific and

applied input for the adaptation to climate change. Both gradualas well as abrupt changes will affect landscapes and the servicesthey provide for society. These effects are not only limited todirect changes of climate conditions but will also include indirecteffects like changes in hydrological cycles or land use relatedmanagement.

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Research theme

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Research theme

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overview

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What are the following question?

However, further research how to apply these concepts in planning practice isstrongly needed. These are the following questions;

Which topics are especially relevant for landscape planningunder climate change conditions and which methods and concepts are usefulto fulfill these tasks?

What knowledge do local communities needto diagnosewhether climate change will affect the adaptive capacity of their landscapeand to develop measures that strengthen the adaptive capacity of thephysical landscape to cope with the impacts of climate change?

How should landscape planning, design and managementto improve the regional adaptive capacity be organized toimprove the implementation of scientific knowledge on adaptation measures?

How can the handling of uncertaintiesbe incorporated inlandscape planning, for instance maintaining future options andflexible reactions to unforeseen developments?

How can adaptation measures be integrated, what are thecross-sectoral effects of adaptation and where does synergy betweenfunctions exist?

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Climate ChangeandLandscape Ecology

Landscape ecology hasthe potential to transfer the

knowledge about impactsin concrete measures to

solve the related problems.

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Climate ChangeandLandscape Ecology

Some of the current research activities in relation to ;

(1) the investigation of greenhouse gasemissions and carbon sequestrationproblems in the context of landscape

and land uses(2) the development of new methods andmodels to investigate potential impacts

(3) the assessment of climate change

impacts including scenario approaches(4) the identification of adequateresponse options for landscapemanagement

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Application

A f d t l

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A fundamentalflaw in oureconomy drivestheconsumption ofour ecosystemsuntil they enterterminaldysfunction.This logicalerror haserodednumerouscivilizations andlandscapes.Can our speciescooperate torestore large-scale degradedecosystemsacross theplanet before

terminalcollapse?

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Climate ChangeandLandscape EcologyThe contributions and discussions of the symposia showed thatlandscape ecology can support climate change adaptation. They closed

with the call to focus research activities on:

(1) the impact of climate and climate change on land use,

(2) the temporal and spatial changes of landscapes,

(3) the assessment of sensitivity and vulnerability of landscapes,

(4) the adaptive capacity of landscapes and their social systemsas one of the often neglected factors,

(5) the interrelationships between decision-making, uncertainty,and barriers of adaptation,

(6) the impact of scale for investigations, the intrinsic complexityof each scale level and potential transfer functions betweenscales,

(7) the use of statistical methods and models to analyze therelationship among pattern, process, and scale, and finally,

(8) the resilience of landscapes as socio-ecological systems.

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Discussion

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Discussion

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Range deformation: consequences of

range shifts during climate changeThe intellectual motivation for ecological and evolutionary research is to explainthe distribution of biodiversity across the globe (why is what where). Thisresearch now finds itself at the centre of immense interest from society, as climatechange is expected to produce large-scale spatial shifts in biodiversity.

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visualizes the results obtained from the outputs of the ECHAM5 model; it displays thearea chan e under the three climate chan e scenarios A2, A1B, and B1 from the

Di i

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Discussion

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Discussion

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Potential Effect of Rising Sea Level on

Discussion

Discussion

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DiscussionIf All The Ice Melted [NationalGeographic]

Discussion

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DiscussionIf All The Ice Melted [NationalGeographic]

Discussion

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DiscussionIf All The Ice Melted [NationalGeographic]

Discussion

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Discussion

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References

Forman, R. T. T. & Godron, M. Landscape Ecology. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1986.

Fortin, M. J. & Dale, M. R. T. Spatial Analysis: A Guide for Ecologists. New York, NY: CambridgeUniversity Press, 2005.

Kingsland, S. E. Modeling Nature. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1995.

Opdam, P. & Wascher, D. Climate change meets habitat fragmentation: linking landscape andbiogeographical scale levels in research and conservation. Biological Conservation 117, 285

297(2004).

Turner, M. G. Landscape ecology: what is the state of the science? Annual Review of Ecology,Evolution and Systematics 36, 319344 (2005).

Wu, J. Landscape ecology, cross-disciplinarity, and sustainable science. Landscape Ecology 21, 14(2006).

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References

Research Papers:

Harrison PA, Holman IP, Cojocaru G, Kok K, Kontogianni A, Metzger MJ, Gramberger M (2012)Combining qualitative and quantitative understanding for exploring cross-sectoral climate changeimpacts, adaptation and vulnerability in Europe. Reg Environ Change. doi:10.1007/s10113-012-0361-y

Saathoff W, von Haaren C, Dechow R, Lovett A (2012). Farm-level assessment of CO2 and N2Oemissions in Lower Saxony and comparison of implementation potentials for mitigation measures inGermany and England. Reg Environ Change. doi: 10.1007/s10113-012-0364-8

Tao F, Zhang S, Zhang Z (2012) Changes in rice disasters across China in recent decades and themeteorological and agronomic causes. Reg Environ Change. doi:10.1007/s10113-012-0357-7

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http://www.iale2013.eu/climate-change-adaptation

http://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/principles-of-landscape-ecology-13260702

http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/projects/RangeDeform/

http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2013/09/rising-seas/if-ice-melted-map

http://www.iale2013.eu/climate-change-adaptation

http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2013/09/rising-seas/if-ice-melted-map

http://www.extraenvironmentalist.com/category/podcast/

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