La Belle: The Ship that Changed History from the Bullock Texas State History Museum PRE-PROGRAM ACTIVITY: THE AGE OF EXPLORATION GALLERY WALK Social Studies TEKS: 4th grade: 2A, 2B, 2C, 12C, 21B, 21C, 22A, 22E 5th grade: 1A, 8B, 24B, 24C, 25A, 25E 7th grade: 2B, 2C, 21B, 21C, 22A, 22B 8th grade: 1C, 2A, 2B, 23A, 23D, 29B, 29C, 29J, 30A, 30B Objective: Summarize the reasons for and impact of European exploration and colonization in North America. During this activity students will: • Identify political, economic and religious reasons for European exploration and colonization in North America • Describe the achievements of European countries and the explorers they sponsored • Map the territories of major European powers in the 16th and 17th centuries • Summarize the impact of exploration and colonization on North America Materials needed: • Age of Exploration Gallery Walk Placards and images • Age of Exploration graphic organizer • Map pencils or crayons: 5 different colors placed at station #8 Before class begins: • Hang the Age of Exploration Gallery Walk Placards with their corresponding images in order clockwise around the room, spacing them evenly apart to give students plenty of room between stations. Place at least five different colors of map pencils or crayons at station #8. • Divide students into 10 small groups and assign each group to a station to begin the gallery walk. • Based on your students ages and needs, determine how long you would like them to spend at each station (2-4 minutes) For more information or questions about this program, email [email protected]
Transcript
La Belle: The Ship that Changed History from the Bullock Texas State History Museum
PRE-PROGRAM ACTIVITY: THE AGE OF EXPLORATION GALLERY WALK
Social Studies TEKS: 4th grade: 2A, 2B, 2C, 12C, 21B, 21C, 22A, 22E 5th grade: 1A, 8B, 24B, 24C, 25A, 25E 7th grade: 2B, 2C, 21B, 21C, 22A, 22B 8th grade: 1C, 2A, 2B, 23A, 23D, 29B, 29C, 29J, 30A, 30B Objective: Summarize the reasons for and impact of European exploration and colonization in North America. During this activity students will:
• Identify political, economic and religious reasons for European exploration and colonization in North America
• Describe the achievements of European countries and the explorers they sponsored • Map the territories of major European powers in the 16th and 17th centuries • Summarize the impact of exploration and colonization on North America
Materials needed:
• Age of Exploration Gallery Walk Placards and images • Age of Exploration graphic organizer • Map pencils or crayons: 5 different colors placed at station #8
Before class begins:
• Hang the Age of Exploration Gallery Walk Placards with their corresponding images in order clockwise around the room, spacing them evenly apart to give students plenty of room between stations. Place at least five different colors of map pencils or crayons at station #8.
• Divide students into 10 small groups and assign each group to a station to begin the gallery walk.
• Based on your students ages and needs, determine how long you would like them to spend at each station (2-4 minutes)
For more information or questions about this program, email [email protected]
Procedure for Age of Exploration Gallery Walk: Students will rotate clockwise around the room to each station, summarizing the information from each station on their graphic organizer and map. Students will spend the predetermined amount of time at each station (2-4 minutes) before rotating to the next station. In order for students to pace themselves correctly and have an awareness of the time remaining to complete the task, it is recommended to use a PowerPoint countdown timer (free downloads can be found online). If you use a standard kitchen timer, it is recommended to give a one minute warning during each rotation. After students have completed the 10 rotations, have students return to their desks for a quick debriefing session about the reasons for exploration and impact of exploration.
Suggested questions for debrief:
• What were some of the reasons for exploration? • What countries were sending explorers across the ocean? • In which region of the Americas did (Spain, France, England, Portugal) focus their
exploration or colonization? • Which country appears to have the most territory? • What were some of the positive effects of exploration? And the negative effects?
For more information or questions about this program, email [email protected]
During this time period several countries across Europe were competing to be the most powerful and influential country in the region. Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, England and France began exploration and colonization in the "New World" to increase their power and influence by gaining more territory, more resources and more wealth. These rulers wanted their country to be the best and most powerful!
Look at the map below: Which country explored the most during this time period?
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WHY EXPLORE? Economic Reasons
European countries sponsored exploration and colonization in hopes of increasing wealth through trade or discovering valuable natural resources. Many European explorers hoped to find a new sea route to Asia, which would give them direct access to Asia's treasured spices. Once explorers encountered North and South America, European rulers rushed to claim land in the "New World" for its valuable natural resources like gold, silver and furs.
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WHY EXPLORE? Religious Regions
Some European countries, such as Spain, were motivated to spread the Christian religion to the "New World" and the Native Americans living there. The Spanish established missions throughout their territories in North America to convert the native populations to Catholicism and teach them Spanish customs.
Religion also motivated some Europeans to leave Europe for North America. Religious conflicts in England caused many groups seeking religious freedom, like the Puritans, to make settlements in the northeastern part of North America that we now call New England.
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The Destruction of Mission San Sabá in the Province of Texas and the Martyrdom of the Fathers Alonso Giraldo de Terreros, Joseph Santiesteban, 1765
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WHAT DID THEY ACHIEVE? Portugal
Portugal was the first European country to begin exploration at sea, largely due to the support of Prince Henry "The Navigator." Henry founded a school of navigation for sailors and map makers, and financed some of Portugal's first expeditions. Hoping to find a sea route to Asia's valuable spices, the Portuguese set off to explore the coast of Africa. Portuguese explorers mapped and explored the coasts of Africa, India, Southeast Asia, and Brazil.
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PORTUGUESE EXPLORATION AND INFLUENCE
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WHAT DID THEY ACHIEVE? Spain
Spain began their quest for power by funding Christopher Columbus' 1492 expedition to sail west in search of a sea route to Asia. After the Aztec and Inca empires fell to conquistadors Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro, Spain established its own empire that extended from present day Florida and Mexico in North America all the way to present day Chile in South America. The city of Saint Augustine, Florida, considered to be the oldest continuously occupied European settlement in the United States, was established by the Spanish in 1565. The vast Spanish empire held a variety of natural resources, including gold and silver mines.
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The Capture of Tenochtitlán Image courtesy of Library of Congress 5
WHAT DID THEY ACHIEVE? England
Although England sponsored explorer John Cabot to search for a Northwest Passage to Asia, the English focused more on colonization than exploration. The first English settlements in North America were the failed colony at Roanoke, North Carolina, in 1584 and the first successful colony at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607. After these first colonies on the mid-Atlantic coast, many English settlements such as the Massachusetts Bay Colony were established farther north in the area of New England. Eventually these settlements became known as the Thirteen Colonies and were a great economic asset to England.
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Landing of Pilgrims at Plymouth Rock Image courtesy of Library of Congress
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WHAT DID THEY ACHIEVE? France
In search of the Northwest Passage to Asia, French explorer Jacques Cartier explored the area of present day Canada and the Great Lakes region, claiming large amounts of territory for France. The first permanent settlement was established in 1608 at Quebec as a headquarters for the profitable fur trade. Another French explorer, René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, claimed the land near the Mississippi River for France. This extended French territorial claims from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico. The French established trading settlements along the Mississippi such as Detroit, St. Louis and New Orleans.
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Quebec, 1777 Image courtesy of Library of Congress 7
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WHO CLAIMED WHAT? Shade your map to show the territory that each country claimed.
HOW DID EXPLORATION IMPACT THE WORLD? The Columbian Exchange
When Europeans arrived in North America they introduced many new plants, animals and diseases to the region. Europeans also discovered many new plants and animals in North America and took them back to Europe. This transfer of goods became known as the Columbian Exchange, named after the explorer Christopher Columbus.
Fill in the arrows on your map with some of the items that were exchanged between the Americas and Europe, Asia and Africa.
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THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
HOW DID EXPLORATION IMPACT THE WORLD? Decline of Native American Populations
Native American populations declined rapidly after Europeans began exploring and colonizing North America. One major reason for this population decrease was the exposure of Native Americans to European diseases such as small pox, measles, mumps and typhus. Native Americans had no immunity to these highly contagious diseases, which spread quickly and caused numerous deaths.
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Sources: La población indígena y el mestizaje en América, "Native Americans and Europeans in English America, 1500–1700," "Indian and colonist demography, 1500–1700," The Origins of Empire: British Overseas Enterprise to the Close of the Seventeenth Century, The World Economy: Historical Statistics
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1492 1570 1700 1820
Popu
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Estimated Native Population of the Americas
Smallpox victims in this sixteenth-century Aztec drawing from the Códue Florentino, 1540-1585
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WHO CLAIMED WHAT?
POLITICAL REASONS
ECONOMIC REASONS
RELIGIOUS REASONS
PORTUGAL
SPAIN
ENGLAND FRANCE
WHY EXPLORE?
HOW DID EXPLORATION IMPACT THE WORLD?
WHAT DID THEY ACHIEVE?
AGE OF EXPLORATION RESOURCES
Online Resources
Virginia Mariners Museum: This website provides detailed information on sailing equipment and significant explorers as well as several interactive, educational games. http://exploration.marinersmuseum.org/wp-content/themes/agesofex/games/explorer/ http://exploration.marinersmuseum.org/wp-content/themes/agesofex/games/merchants/ http://exploration.marinersmuseum.org/type/age-of-discovery/ History Channel: An infographic displays information about life at sea during the Age of Exploration http://www.history.com/interactives/age-of-exploration Crash Course US History Video: Colonizing America A quick synopsis of the reasons for and effects of colonizing North America. This educational video series is geared towards older students. http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/d377ad71-005f-4bb7-b0a1-e40a5a85aa39/colonizing-america-crash-course-us-history-2/ Books The World Made New: Why the Age of Exploration Happened and How It Changed the World by Mark Aronson and John W. Glenn
Explorers Who Got Lost by Diane Sansevere-Dreher
Explorers of the New World: Discover the Golden Age of Exploration With 22 Projects (Build It Yourself) by Carla Mooney
For more information or questions about this program, email [email protected]
LA BELLE: THE SHIP THAT CHANGED HISTORY POST-PROGRAM ASSESSMENT
Social Studies TEKS 4th Grade: 2A-C, 8A, 12C, 21B, 21D, 22A, 22B, 22D, 22E, 23A-B 5th grade: 1A, 8B, 24B, 24C, 25A-B, 25D-E, 26 A-B 7th Grade: 2B, 21B, 21E, 22A-B, 22 D, 23A-B 8th grade: 2A-2B, 23A, 23D, 29B, 29E, 30A-30B, 30 D, 31A-B Creative Writing Prompt: If things had gone differently for La Salle and La Belle, Texas might be very different!
a) What could La Salle, his crew, and the French colonists have done differently to ensure the success of their expedition and colony?
b) If Fort St. Louis had survived and La Salle had found the Mississippi River, how would Texas history have changed?
Using your knowledge of La Salle, La Belle and Texas history, write a new ending to the story of La Belle and its impact on Texas.
Alternate: Post Program Reflection
What did you learn today? Use the graphic organizer to make a list of the things you learned
about La Salle’s voyage, the discovery of La Belle and the artifacts found aboard the ship.
IT'S YOUR CHANCE TO RE-WRITE HISTORY! Using your knowledge of La Salle, La Belle and Texas history, write a new ending to the story of La Belle and its impact on Texas.
While exploring La Belle, I learned…
About La Salle's voyage…
About the discovery of La Belle…
About the artifacts…
LA BELLE RESOURCES
Books:
Raising La Belle by Mark G. Mitchell This book is for upper primary and middle school students. Mitchell’s unique format presents the discovery of La Belle along with the history of La Salle's expedition. The book beckons young people to unravel the complete account as it answers leading questions. Sketches of maps and artifacts, along with photographs, accompany the narrative. Mitchell’s book was recipient of the annual Western Writers of America SPUR award for juvenile literature in 2002.
From a Watery Grave: The Discovery and Excavation of La Salle’s Shipwreck, La Belle by James E Bruseth and Toni Turner
This 2005 publication presents the La Salle and La Belle stories in a single volume. Jim Bruseth is the director of the Archaeology Division of the Texas Historical Commission who oversaw the excavation of La Belle. With his wife, Toni Turner, Dr. Bruseth presents the incredible 17th Century story of French exploration in Texas. This historical account is coupled with the 20th Century extraordinary discovery, excavation, and conservation of the ship more than 300 years later. The photography and art are excellent. This book is the 2006 recipient of the Society for American Archaeology (SAA) book award for an Outstanding Contribution to the Public Understanding of Archaeology.
The La Salle Expedition to Texas: The Journal of Henri Joutel, 1684-1687. By Henri Joutel, edited and with an introduction by William C. Foster, translated by Johanna S. Warren.
Henri Joutel was a childhood friend, companion, and confidant to La Salle on his final expedition to North America. His extraordinary account of the expedition, along with personal notes of explanation, provides excellent primary source documentation. Joutel not only recorded the adventure with exciting detail, he lived to return to France with the journal. It is the principal source of information on the expedition.
The Wreck of the Belle, the Ruin of La Salle by Robert S. Weddle This scholarly work by a well-known historian provides a thorough look at the social, political, and economic conditions in the 17th Century. It chronicles La Salle and his expedition to cement French control of Louisiana. The details of the ill-fated Texas landfall, loss of two ships and their cargo, and La Salle’s demise are countered with the incredible discovery and excavation of La Belle.
Online Resources:
Bullock Texas State History Museum http://www.thestoryoftexas.com/la-belle Includes images of artifacts, videos and educational resources about La Belle.
The La Salle Odyssey: Texas Historical Commission http://www.thc.state.tx.us/public/upload/publications/Odyssey.pdf The La Salle Odyssey is a series of exhibits in seven museums in the areas of Corpus Christi and Matagorda Bay.
Texas Beyond History: Online La Belle Exhibit http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/belle/ This online exhibit about the La Belle shipwreck gives detailed information about the discovery and excavation of the ship, along with interactive options to explore the shipwreck and investigate the human remains found on board.
NOVA Online - Voyage of Doom http://www.pbs.org/nova/lasalle/ This website has several interactive and exploratory options, such as "Stories in the Timber," "Explore the Ship," and "Buoyancy Brainteasers."
Texas A&M University, Nautical Archeology http://nautarch.tamu.edu/CRL/projects/#lasalleshipwreckproject The La Salle Shipwreck Project describes the conservation methods used for various artifacts found aboard La Belle.
Texas Almanac http://www.texasalmanac.com/history/highlights/labelle/ Provides detailed descriptions of La Belle and Fort St. Louis.
The Handbook of Texas Online https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/upl01
Provides detailed descriptions of La Salle's expedition.
Articles:
LaRoe, Lisa Moore “La Salle’s Last Voyage,” National Geographic Magazine, May 1997.
Roberts, David “Sieur de La Salle’s Fateful Landfall,” Smithsonian Magazine, April 1997. Wheat, Pam “A Beautiful Historic Discovery,” Cobblestone, October 1999.
