AnnouncementsDothefirstpageoftheworksheetwhileyouwait

PrepareyourcompleteddabblelabsafetytrainingtoshowtoDerrick

FirstReflectionduenextlecture

ProjectProposalandBOMduenextlecture

CircuitsWorksheetwillbeassignedthislabandduenextlecture

TurnineverythingbuttheCircuitsWorksheetinyourbinderENGR202:INTROTOENGINEERINGDESIGN 1

Binders1.Averagewas~15.5/202.MostCommonmistakeswere:

a. Forgettingtoincludetheparagraphdescribingthedecisionmatrix

b. Onlyonesentenceornotenoughdetailfortheprojectdescription.

c. Noonesigningteamcontracti. Creditwasonlytakenoffif1orlesspeoplehadsigned

3. CreditRedeeminga. Youcanreceiveupto50%ofthepointsyoumissfromadeliverableifyouturninacorrectbinderandwriteupdetailingwhatyoufixed

b. Wewillalsogiveextracreditforabinderthatgoesaboveandbeyonduptoourdiscretion.

4.Manyofyoumademistakeswedidn’tgradeoffforbutwillinthefutureiftheyarenotfixed,wewillgooverthemfromgrouptogroup

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CommonElectricalComponentsandCircuitsENGR202:INTRODUCTIONTOENGINEERINGDESIGNCOURSEUWCOLLEGEOFENGINEERING

ENGR202:INTROTOENGINEERINGDESIGN

Today’sAgenda1.Wearegoingtotalktoeachgroupabouttheirprojectandbindertogiveyoufeedback,ifwearen’ttalkingtoyoupleasestarttheworksheetthat’sbeenhandedout.

1.Wewillalternategoingthroughslidesandworkingontheworksheetuntil45- 60minutesbeforelectureends

1.WewillfinishlecturebygoingoverwhatgoesintotheBoMandprojectproposal,alongwithguidingyourgroupsthroughthosetwoassignments.

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LectureReview(1)Current:Therateofflowofelectronsbetweenpointsorthroughacircuit.CurrentisalwaysmeasuredinAmps.

Voltage:Theforcebackinganyelectricalcurrent,essentiallytheamountofforcebeingappliedtoelectrons.

Resistance:Howmuchacircuitorobjectwillresisttheflowofelectricalcurrent.MeasuredinOhm’s.

TheyareallrelatedbyOhm’slawV=IR.

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LectureReview(2)Everycircuitinserieshasthesamecurrentalongtheseries.Soweknowy=.5ANextwecanuseOhm’slawtosolveforxV=IRV=10I=.510=.5RR=20Inseriesthetotalresistanceisthesumofeachindividualresistor.R=(3+10+x) x=7Ω

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LectureReview(3)Thecircuitisinparallelwhichmeansthatthetotalresistanceisaninversesum:1/R(t)=1/R(1)+1/(R2)...etcAllwehavetodoispluginourresistancevaluesandwecanfindR1/R(t)=1/10+1/5+1/21/R(t)=8/10R(t)=10/8

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Breadboards1.Breadboardsallowyoutomakesimpleandcomplexcircuitsmuchmoreeasily

2.Metalbars(asseenontheright)connectthepinsbetweenthebreadboardwithminimalresistance.

3. Breadboardsareseparatedintotwosectionsoneachsidea. Farsidecolumnsconnectallthewayupanddownthebreadboard

b. Innerrowsconnectuptothecenterofthebreadboard

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Multi-meterAMulti-meterisanessentialtoolforelectricalengineers!

ThroughproperalignmentofthetwoprobesandcentraldialyoucanmeasureVoltage,Current,Resistance,andContinuityinbothDCandACcircuits.

ENGR202:INTROTOENGINEERINGDESIGN 9

VolmateDigitalLCDMulti-meter

ReadingVoltageorResistance1. Setthecentraldialtopointtowardsthecorrectvoltageorresistancesetting.

a. ForvoltageyouneedtoturntothesectiondistinguishedbytheDCsymbol

b. Nextselecttherightthreshold.Formostcasesinthisclassthatwillbe20Vandanywherefrom200-2000Ohms

2.Makesuretheprobesareconnectedtothecenterandleftholesonthemultimeter

3. Placeoneprobeonsideofthesectionofcircuitandoneprobeontheother

a. Donotbreakthecircuit 10

ReadingCurrent1. TurnthedialtowardsthecurrentsectionlabeledbyanAwiththeDCsymbolontherighta. 20- 200mAmostusedthreshold

2. Switchtheprobesintothelefttwosockets(orderwilldeterminethesignofyourvalue)

3. Alwaysroutethecircuitthroughthemultimetera. Calledbreakingthecircuit

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ReadingResistorsREADINGRESISTORCOLORBANDS EXAMPLERESISTOR:4BANDS

ENGR202:INTROTOENGINEERINGDESIGN 12

Example:ReadingResistors

ENGR202:INTROTOENGINEERINGDESIGN 13

ResistorExample(1)Whatistheresistanceofthisresistor?

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1st Digit: Green represents the digit 5

2nd Digit: Blue represents the digit 6

Multiplier: Orange represents 10^3

Tolerance: Gold means +/- 5%

Resistance: 56000

LEDs1.Onedirectionalsemiconductors

2. Twopins:

a. Cathode(-)hasthelongestpin

b. Anode(+)

3. LEDsbreakiftheygetabove25mA,recommend

iscloserto18mA

4. Clearoneshave3pinsandcanchangecolor

a. usetheseifyouwantachallenge

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Kirchhoff’sCurrentLaw(KCL)

ENGR202:INTROTOENGINEERINGDESIGN 16

Kirchhoff’sVoltageLaw(KVL)

ENGR202:INTROTOENGINEERINGDESIGN 17

CombiningBatteriesINCREASINGTHEVOLTAGE:MOREPOWER INCREASINGCURRENTCAPACITY:LONGER

DURATION

Batteriescanbeplacedinparallel– positiveterminalsarejoinedtogether,asarenegativeterminal.

Thiswillincreasetheoperatingtime(mAh)

ENGR202:INTROTOENGINEERINGDESIGN 18

Switches,Sensors,Motors,ControllersThepracticalcomponents

CircuitSwitchesMechanicalPushButtonSwitch- presstodivertcurrentbetweentwopinsorconnectthemSlideSwitch- slidesforcurrenttogotodifferentpinsToggleswitch- fliptoconnectordisconnectacircuitPressureswitch- connectsorredirectscurrentifpressureissensed

ElectricalRelays- essentiallyatoggleswitchactivatedifcurrentflowsthroughoneoftheirpinsTransistors- Wewon’tusetheseinthisclassbuttheybehavesimilarlytorelayswhenusedasaswitchSwitchSensors:sensorssuchasphoto,thermal,andpressurecanbesetuptoactasswitches

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DCMotors1.DC(directcurrent)motorsarethesimplestof

electricmotors.

a. EverymotorweuseinthisclasswillbeaDC

motor

2. Eachmotorhasapositiveleadandnegativelead.

3. Dependingwhichwaythecurrentisgoing

throughthemotorwillspindifferentdirection

4. Forgivenvoltage,amotorisdesignedtospinata

certainraterpm.ENGR202:INTROTOENGINEERINGDESIGN 21

3VDCMotor

KnowingyourdifferentDCmotors1.Brushed

a. Cheapestmotorb. bestforthisclass

2. Brushlessa. Moreefficientandlongerlastingthanbrushed

i. Alsooftenspinsatafasterrpmb. Canbeexpensive

3. Steppera. Brushlessmotorthatspinsinsections(steps)b. Highdegreeofcontrolandtorque.c. Mostexpensive

4. Servoa. Precisecontroloverangularpositionallowsforthebestcontrol

b. Cheapforhightorque,slowrpm

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MotorSpecs:Howtopickthebestmotor1.Youhavetobeverycarefulwhenchoosingyourmotors,theyverygreatlyfromtypetotype.

2. Considerthefollowingspecificationsforyourmotors

a. Type

b. RPM

c. Torque

d. Size

e. Nominalvoltage

f. Stallcurrent

g. Tolerance

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Arduino1.Eachteamgets1arduinouno

a. Donotbreakyours2. AnArduinoisamicrocontroller,don’tconfuseitwithastandardcomputer

3. YourArduinohasacombinedmemoryof35kB,almostallofthatgoestoyourcodeandoperations

4.Usedtooperatecomponents,performcalculations,andreadvaluesfromsensors

5. RunsfromcodeinArduino,similartoClanguages.

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H-Bridge1.Amotorcontroller- nocomputingpower

2. Controlsthevoltageoutputandsignfromitstwooutputportsa. Let’syoucontrolspeedand

directionforyourmotors3. Alsocanactasapowersourcetoyourothercomponents

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IntroductiontosensorsWhenyouarelookingatsensorsforyourprojectsyoushouldconsiderthefollowingquestions:

Whatisactuallybeingsensed?(wheredoesitsvaluescomefrom)

HowdoIreadthosevalues?(signaltype,datatrends..etc)

Isitreliableenoughformysituation?(accuracy,precision,sensingtime...etc)

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DistancesensorsMainlyultrasonicorinfrareddistancesensorsareusedinthisclass1.UltrasonicSensors:sensorsthatsendsoutasoundpulseandmeasurethetimeittakestocomebacka. Longermeasuringtimeb. VeryCheapc. Measureinawideranged. Digital

2. InfraredSensors:Sendsoutawaveofinfraredlightandmeasuresthetimeittakestoreturna. Cheap,butnotascheapasultrasonicsb. Fastmeasuringtimec. Analogd. Verypreciserange

3.Honorablemention:LIDAR

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PositionandOrientation1.Accelerometer- measuresaccelerationandsometimesorientationandtilt

a. Usefulforderivingrelativepositionandvelocity2.GPS(GeographicalPositionSensor)

a. Usefulforknowinglocation,speed,andorientationb. Oftenexpensiveandatthemostaccuratetoafewmeters

3.Gyroscopea. Usefulforfiguringoutorientationandtilt

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Datastorage&transmissionArduino’sthemselvescan’treallystoredatasowhatdoyoudowithit?

Theanswerisyouhavetoeitherfindanothercomponenttostoreyourdata,oryouhavetosenditsomewhere.

1. Storingdata:SDcardshieldforarduinoa. Thebestwaytostoredatawithyourarduino’sistouseanSDcard.ForthatyouneedtogetsomethingcalledanSDcardshield.

2. Sendingdata:a. Bluetooth:usuallytheeasiestoptionhoweveritcanberangelimited.Alsodoesnotsendvideo

b. Wifiorethernet:reliesonhavingawifisourcec. RadioFrequency:Canbedifficulttoworkwithorslowtotransmit.Longrange

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ProjectProposalThelastassignmentwasmisleading- noneofyourprojectidea’sarefinalizedTogetfinalizedyouneedtogetapprovalfromtheTA’sTheproposalisyourwayofsellingyourprojectideatous,andalsoyourbestwaytoselltheimportanceofyourproject.Wecan,andwill,rejectyourproposalifyoudon’tdoagoodenoughjob.

(Wewon’ttakeoffcreditinthelongrunforrejectedproposals)Alloftheinformationyouneeddetailingtheproposalwillbeuploadedtothecoursewebsitetonight.

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BillofMaterials1.Nextlectureyouneedtosubmitalistofallofthematerialsyoupredictthatyouwillneedtouse.Includepricesa. ThisshouldincludePLA(1000gfor$20)b. Anywoodforlasercutting(seederrickforprices)c. Allelectricalcomponentsd. Anythingelsegoingintotheproject

2. Forpricingrunoffthecheapestdealyoucangetonline- evenforpartsweprovidea. Wholesaledealsfromforeigncountriesdonotcount

3. Formatthisinaspreadsheetwiththenameofthepart,quantity,totalcost,andlinkfromwhereitcanbeordered(orstoreyoubuyitfrom)

4. Thislistcanberoughandyouareallowedtochangeit,howeverforelectricalpartswewillorderoffofthislistsofocusonthosethemost

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FortherestofthelectureGoalbytheendofthelectureistomakesureeveryoneknowsforsuretheirprojectidea

Youcanchangeprojectideasaftertheproposalhoweveritwillcostyoualotoftime

Helpingyouallfigureoutwhatpartsyouneed,understandingwhatyouactuallyneedandwhatdifferentcomponentsofferisdifficult.

WewillbefocusingmostlyonhelpingyouallgetyourBoMgoingstrong

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