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UNIT IIILabour Welfare
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Concept
The ILO Report Such services and amenitiesas may be established in or in the vicinity ofundertakings to enable the persons employed inthem to perform their work in healthy, congenialsurroundings and provided with amenitiesconducive to good health and high Morale
The Labour Investigation committee Anything done for the intellectual, physical, moraland economic betterment of the workers, whetherby employers, by government or by otheragengies, over and above what is laid down bylaw or what is normally expected of the contractualbenefits for which workers may have bargained
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Labour welfare
Welfare includes anything that isdone for the comfort and improvement ofemployees and is provided over and above thewages
Labor welfare has the following objectives:
1. To provide better life and health to the workers
2. To make the workers happy and satisfied
3. To relieve workers from industrial fatigue and toimprove intellectual, cultural and materialconditions of living of the workers
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Aims of labour welfare
Humanistic To enable the workers to enjoy a fuller &richer life
Economic- improves efficiency,
- keeps him contented
- minimizes the desire of forming unions orany other groups
- refrain from strike
Civic develops a sense of responsibility and dignity
among the workers
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Basic Features
It is work which is usually undertaken within thepremises or in the for the benefit of employees and themember of their families
The work generally includes those welfare over andabove provided by statutory provisions or required by
the customs of the industry or what the employeesexpect
These facilities may be voluntarily provided by some ofthe progressive entrepreneurs as a part of SocialResponsibility.
Facilities may also be provided by the government or
by the trade unions Labour Welfare is a broad term covering SocialSecurity and other activities
It is not only intra mural but also extra mural, statutoryas well as non-statutory
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Welfare amenities within the organisation
ToiletWashing & bathing
Crches
Rest shelters
Drinking waterHealth services
Arrangement for prevention of fatigue
Uniform & protective clothing
Canteen
Recreational facilities
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Welfare Outside the Establishment
Maternity benefit
Social Insurance Measures
Medical facilities
Educational Facilities
Housing Facilities
Recreational Facilities
Leave travel Facilities
Transport to & fro from the work place
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STATUTORY WELFARE SCHEMES The statutory welfareschemes include the following provisions:
1. Drinking Water: At all the working places safe hygienic
drinking water should be provided.
2. Facilities for sitting: In every organization, especiallyfactories, suitable seating arrangements are to be provided.
3. First aid appliances: First aid appliances are to beprovided and should be readily assessable so that in case of
any minor accident initial medication can be provided to theneeded employee.
4. Latrines and Urinals: A sufficient number of latrines andurinals are to be provided in the office and factory premisesand are also to be maintained in a neat and clean condition.
5. Canteen facilities: Cafeteria or canteens are to beprovided by the employer so as to provide hygienic andnutritious food to the employees.
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6.Spittoons: In every work place, such as ware houses, storeplaces, in the dock area and office premises spittoons are tobe provided in convenient places and same are to be
maintained in a hygienic condition.7. Lighting: Proper and sufficient lights are to be provided foremployees so that they can work safely during the nightshifts.
8. Washing places: Adequate washing places such as
bathrooms, wash basins with tap and tap on the stand pipeare provided in the port area in the vicinity of the workplaces.
9. Changing rooms: Adequate changing rooms are to beprovided for workers to change their cloth in the factory areaand office premises. Adequate lockers are also provided to
the workers to keep their clothes and belongings.
10. Rest rooms: Adequate numbers of restrooms areprovided to the workers with provisions of water supply,wash basins, toilets, bathrooms, etc.
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NON STATUTORY SCHEMES Many non statutory welfareschemes may include the following schemes:
1. Personal Health Care (Regular medical check-ups): Someof the companies provide the facility for extensive healthcheck-up
2. Flexi-time: The main objective of the flextime policy is toprovide opportunity to employees to work with flexibleworking schedules. Flexible work schedules are initiated by
employees and approved by management to meet businesscommitments while supporting employee personal life needs
3. Employee Assistance Programs: Various assistantprograms are arranged like external counseling service sothat employees or members of their immediate family canget counseling on various matters.
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4. Harassment Policy: To protect an employee fromharassments of any kind, guidelines are provided for properaction and also for protecting the aggrieved employee.
5. Maternity & Adoption Leave Employees can availmaternity or adoption leaves. Paternity leave policies havealso been introduced by various companies.
6. Medi-claim Insurance Scheme: This insurance schemeprovides adequate insurance coverage of employees forexpenses related to hospitalization due to illness, disease orinjury or pregnancy.
7. Employee Referral Scheme: In several companiesemployee referral scheme is implemented to encourageemployees to refer friends and relatives for employment in
the organization.
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Need For Labour Welfare
Need arises out of the nature of industrial systemsThe working condition may not be Congenial for
health
Strange atmosphere
Approaches to labour Welfare:Intra mural Activities
Extra- Mural Activities
Industrial welfare Could be
1. Those dealing with immediate working Conditions
2. Those with less immediate working conditions
3. Those designed to improve community conditions
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Scope Of labour Welfare
1. Conditions of Work Environment2. Workers Health Services
3. Labour Welfare Programme
4. Labours Economic welfare programme
5. General Welfare Work
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Labour Welfare Activities
Undertaken by Indian Organisations:
Facilities provided in the work site, such ascanteens, crches, medical facilities
Facilities related to economic needs
Educational facilities
Medical facilities
Transport facilities
Recreational facilities
Housing facilities
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Undertaken by the Government:
First five year Plan(1951-56)
Employee PF Act 1952, The Plantation Act,1951, The Mines Act, 1951
Second five year Plan(1956-61)
Coverage of ESI was extended, Dock workersScheme (safety, health and welfare), 1961
Third five year Plan(1961-66)
Maternity Benefit Act 1961, Apprenticeship Act1961, Iron ore Mines Labour welfare cess
Act,1961, payment ofBonus Act 1965
Fourth five year Plan(1969-74)payment of gratutity act 1972, Contract Labour
( Regulation & abolition) act 1970, EmployeesFamily pension scheme
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Fifth five year Plan(1974-79)
Beedi workers Welfare Act, 1976, Iron Ore mines,
Magnese ore mines and the chrome Ore mines LabourWelfare fund,1976
sixth five year Plan(1980-85)
Special schemes were introduced for the benefit ofagriculture labour, artisans, handloom weavers, fisherman,leather workers.
Seventh five year Plan(1985-90)Emphasis was on the welfare of unorganised workers,
to train , upgrade the skills and educate them on varioueswelfare programmes available.
Eighth five year Plan(1992-97)
welfare programmes for both organised andunorganised sector were given importance
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The Factories Act, 1948
(i) Washing facilities
(ii) Storing & drying facilities
(iii) Facilities for occasional rest
(iv) First-aid boxes
(v)C
anteens , if there are more than 250employees
(vi) Shelters, lunch rooms , if over 150 workers are
employed
(vii) Creche, (30 or more women workers)
(viii) Welfare officer (500 or more workers are
employed)
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The Plantation Act, 1951
o Canteen, if there are more than 150 employees
o Creche, (50 or more women workers)
o Recreational facilities
o Educational arrangements (25 workers -
children aged between 6 & 12)
o Housing facilities
o Medical aid to workers & their families
o Welfare officer (300 or more workers are
employed)
o blankets., umbrellas, raincoats to be provided
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The Mines Act, 1951
Shelters for taking food & rest if 50 or more
workers are employed First-aid boxes ( 150 workers or more)
Canteen, if there are more than 250 employees
Creche, (50 or more women workers)
Welfare officer (500 or more workers areemployed
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Motor Transport workers Act, 1961
First-aid facilities
Medical facilities
Canteen, if there are more than 100employees
Clean & ventilated rest rooms
uniforms., raincoats to drivers, conductors and linechecking staff
Working allowances
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The Merchant Shipping Act, 1958
o Crew accommodation
o Hygienic drinking watero Bedding, towel
o First aid facilities
o Regular medical check up
o Provision of hotels, clubs, canteen, library etc
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Dock workers Scheme (safety, health and welfare),
1961
Dock worker means a person employed or to be
employed directly or by or through any agency (including a
contractor) with or without knowledge of the principal
employer, whether for remuneration or not, on dock work;
Toilet
Washing & Bathing facilities
Rest Shelters
Water
First-aid facilities
Education facilities
Sports & recreation
Medical facilities
Fair- price shops and co-operative societies
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Labour Welfare facilities under labour welfare
funds
(a) Assistance for Medical facilities(b) Assistance for educational facilities
(c) Assistance for Housing facilities
(d) Assistance for Recreational facilities
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Labour Welfare Officer
Qualifications OfLabour Welfare Officer:
A university degree
Diploma or degree in social science or social welfare
or social work
Adequate knowledge of language spoken by majority
of workersFunctions :
1. Supervision
2. Counseling workers
3. Advising management
4. Establishing liason with workers
5. Establishing liason with Management
6. Working with management & workers
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Workers Education & Training Schemes
Workers' education is a means of providingworkers and their representatives with the trainingthey need to play an effective role in the economicand social life of their societies. At the same time itcan also make a significant contribution to thedissemination of information on the variousaspects of the work of the International LabourOrganization which affects the interest of workers.
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Features The scope of workers education is much wider
than that of Trade union To create trade union consciousness among
workers
Training to understand their status, rights and
responsibilities. The workers themselves prescribe the syllabus
It aimed at increasing the bargaining power of
trade unions and making the working class more
sensible and cooperative Main aim is to train for group advancement and
increasing individual creativity
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Objectives of Workers Education
To foster workers loyalty towards the union & for efficient
participation in union activitiesTo develop worker for respectable civic life
To understand the problems of the countrys economic
environment
To develop trade union leadership
To familiarize the workers with the capitalistic cultureAware of his rights and obligations
To make the worker responsible
To develop two-way communication system
Equip all section of workers, including rural workers for
participation in the social & economic development of thenation
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Other Objectives
ObjectivesTo strengthen among all sections of the working class,
including rural workers, a sense of patriotism, nationalintegrity, unity, amity, communal harmony, secularism andpride in being an Indian.
To equip all sections of workers, including rural workersand women workers, for their intelligent participation in socialand economic development of the nation in accordance withits declared objectives.
To develop amongst the workers a greater understandingof the problems of their social and economic environment,
their responsibilities towards family members, and theirrights and obligations as citizens, as workers in industry andas members and officials of trade union.
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To develop capacity of workers in all aspects to meet thechallenges of the country from time to time.
To develop strong, united and more responsible tradeunions and to strengthen democratic processes andtraditions in the trade union movement through more
enlightened members and better trained officials.To empower the workers as employees of the organization
and to develop sense of belongingness as effectiveinstruments of amicable industrial relations and maintainingindustrial peace.
To meet the needs of workers to have access to ways of
acquiring and continuous upgradation of knowledge andskills that they require to find and hold a job.
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Objectives Of Rural Workers Education
To promote among rural workers, critical awareness of theproblems of their socio-economic environment and their
privileges and obligations as workers, as members of thevillage community and as citizens.
To educate the rural workers to enhance their self-confidence and build-up a scientific attitude.
To educate rural workers in protecting and promoting theirindividual and social interests.
To educate rural workers in developing their organisationsthrough which they can fulfil socio- economic functions andresponsibilities in rural economy and strenghten democratic,secular, and socialist fibre of rural society. Hence motivatingrural workers for family welfare planning and to combatsocial evils
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Workers education Content
About Organisation
Recruitment of members
Framing of a constitution
Collection of dues
Maintenance of accounts
Submission of returns
Fighting cases in labour courts
Negotiations with employers and the state
Relevant labour economic & social problems suchas Grievance procedures
methods of collective bargaining
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Determination of wages
Productivity Problems
Planning for economic development
Implementation of laws
Strikes
Inter union relations
Social labour legislations
Delegation of authority
Aims , objectives and methods of trade union
Communication with members
Methods of organisation of trade unions
etc
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Central Board for Workers Education, 1958
The Central Board for Workers Education (CBWE)
is an autonomous body under the Ministry of Labour &Employment, Government of India. It is registered
under the Societies Registration Act, 1860. Started in
1958, the Workers Education Scheme in India has
been playing a very significant role in our national
development; creating an enlightened and disciplinedwork force and bringing about desirable behavioral
changes in our workforce in the organized,
unorganized and rural sectors. It gets grants-in-aid
from the Ministry of Labour & Employment to operate
its activities.
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The Scheme of Workers Education aims at
achieving the objectives of creating and increasing
awareness and educating the workforce for theireffective participation in the socio-economic
development of the country.
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IMPACT
The Impact of Workers Education has been felt in all thesectors of the economy in which the CBWE has beenconducting training programmes.
Recent studies conducted in the Organised Sector
revealed that the workers trained by the CBWE have beenshouldering higher responsibilities in their social andpublic life as well as manning the affairs of their respectiveunions efficiently and effectively.
The Board is playing a crucial role in preparing theworking class to contribute in nation
building activity.
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Workers Education in India
The Central Board for Workers Education is headed by a
Chairman
Its headquarters is at Nagpur.
The five Zonal Directorates, at Chennai. Delhi, Guwahati,
Mumbai and Kolkata to monitor the activities of the Regionalin their respective zones
The Board operates through 50 Regional Directorates and 9
Sub- Regional Directorates
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At the first level, training is imparted to the
candidates selected as Education Officers. After
successful completion of the training, theseEducation Officers conduct various programmes
from the centres of their posting.
At the second level, workers from differentestablishments, sponsored by trade unions and
released by employers are trained. These trained
workers are called Trainers.
At the third level, the Trainers conduct classes for
the rank and file of workers in their establishments
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First five year plan emphasized on providing better
educational opportunities
Second five year plan
it recommended increased association of labours with
management
Better understanding of their role in the working of the
industry and the process of production
Training in trade union philosophy and methods is
needed for the workers to become self-reliant
In addition Central Government in association with Ford
foundation appointed an international team of experts to
suggest the steps to be taken for
The education of union representatives in the
principles and techniques of trade union
organisation, management and financing
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The education of Union members for intelligent participation
in union affairs and for the better performance of their duties
as citizens
The education of union representatives in responsible and
effective participation in management.
Other general aspects of workers education
Third five year plan:
- Re-adaptation in the outlook, functions andpractices of trade union
Fourth five year plan;
It is essential that trade unions should be the part of
workers education programme
Sixth five year plan- greater emphasis on building national interest.
Sixth five year plan
- upgrading the quality of training
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The scheme for workers Education;
NATIONAL LEVEL PROGRAMMES:
Top most level of workers education where
education officers are trained. Participants rae
selected by CBWE.
1. Trade union development
2. Leadership Development
3. Trade unionism and Industrial Relations
4. Industrial Health safety and Environment
5. Education for rural and unorganized sector workers
6. New economic policy, ISO and trend in productivity
movement
7. Problem of women & child labour
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Regional Level
This Programme is aimed at imparting
necessary training to selected workers called
workers teachers.
Worker- Teacher Training
Refresher Course for Worker- Teacher Trainers
Leadership Development
Joint Educational Programmes
Programmes for self generation of funds
Need based seminar
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Unit Level
Final stage of the programme where workers
teachers conduct programme at their work place.Unit level class
Need based special programmes
Joint Education programmes
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Specific categories
Functional Adult Literacy
Education of Unorganised WorkersTraining of Weaker sections
Training of rural Workers
Personality Development
Seminars for women & Child workers
Programme on Quality of life for workers
Seminar for parents ofChild workers
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CRAFTSMEN TRAINING SCHEME
The Directorate General of Employment & Training(DGE&T) in the Ministry of Labour, Government of India
initiated Craftsmen Training Scheme (CTS) in 1950 by
establishing about 50 Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) for
imparting skills in various vocational trades to meet the
skilled manpower requirements for technology and industrial
growth of the country
OBJECTIVES OF THE CRAFTSMEN TRAINING SCHEME
to provide semi-skilled/skilled workers to industry by
systematic training to school leavers.to reduce unemployment among educated youth by
equipping them with suitable skills for industrial employment.
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Workers Training:
Craftsmens training programme
Craft instructors trainingAdvanced vocational training
Foremans training
Apprenticeship training scheme
Part-Time Training for industrial WorkersVocational Training programme for women