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FLREA Copyright 2012
Label Your Foldable:
Magna Carta
Mayflower Compact
English Bill of Rights
Common Sense
FLREA Copyright 2012
Inspiration for a New Nation• Where did the colonists and the Founding
Fathers get their ideas about our government?
FLREA Copyright 2012
Magna Carta
This was the first example of limited government.
Why is the concept of “limited government” important?
What would a government without limits be like?
Specifically, a limited monarchy
The Magna Carta also addressed the “Rule of Law”
• What do you think “Rule of Law” means?– No one – not the King, the President,
celebrities, you, the teacher, the principal – is above the law.
– Everyone is equal under the lawRULE OF LAW
FLREA Copyright 2012
FLREA Copyright 2012
Inspiration for the
Nation
Limited Government
Rule of Law
Magna Carta
Mayflower Compact• Written aboard the Mayflower in
1620 before the ship landed in Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620.
• Signed by most passengers on the voyage
“…Having undertaken…a Voyage to plant the First Colony in the Northern parts of Virginia, do by these present solemnly and mutually in
the presence of…one another, Covenant and Combine ourselves together into a Civil Body Politic, for our better ordering and
preservation…to enact constitute, and frame such just and equal Laws, Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions, and offices from time to time , as shall
be thought most meet and convenient for the general good of the colony…”
Image from http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/revolution/revgfx/may-compact.jpg
FLREA Copyright 2012
Here is a short video about the Mayflower Compact:
Should you experience problems with the video, click HERE. FLREA Copyright 2012
Mayflower Compact
This document served as an example of self government and consent of the governed.
Why would the colonists want to create a document establishing
self government?
Why would government be necessary according to the
Mayflower Compact?
“…For our better ordering and preservation…”
FLREA Copyright 2012
FLREA Copyright 2012
Inspiration for the
Nation
Limited Government
Rule of Law
Self Government
Consent of the
Governed
Magna Carta
Mayflower Compact
English Bill of Rights • Written in 1689 in England• Authored by members of Parliament (the legislative
branch, or the branch that makes laws)• This document established a limited monarchy (king)
and gave more power to Parliament.
That excessive bail ought not to be required, nor
excessive fines imposed; nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
“That the freedom of speech, and debates or proceedings in parliament, ought not to be
impeached or questioned in any court or place out of parliament.”
FLREA Copyright 2012
FLREA Copyright 2012
English Bill of Rights – The monarchy was not allowed to:
• Collect taxes without consent of Parliament • Interfere with the right to free speech and debate in
Parliament• Maintain an army in peace time • Require excessive bail or cruel punishments for those
accused or convicted of crimes• Declare laws made by Parliament should not be obeyed
Here we have another example of limited government.
Specifically, a limited monarchy
Also in the English Bill of Rights …
RULE OF LAW
The English Bill of Rights included limits on the power of the king.
FLREA Copyright 2012
FLREA Copyright 2012
Inspiration for the
Nation
Limited Government
Rule of Law
Self Government
Consent of the
Governed
Limited Monarchy
Rule of Law
Magna Carta
English Bill of Rights
Mayflower Compact
FLREA Copyright 2012
“Common Sense” • Written by Thomas Paine• Published in 1776• Challenged the authority of the British
government and the royal monarchy. • First work to openly ask for
independence from Great Britain.• Discussed the purpose of government
and the need for independence from Great Britain
Oil painting by Auguste Millière (1880) from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Paine
FLREA Copyright 2012
Common Sense
Society in every state is a blessing, but Government, even in its best state, is but a necessary evil…Wherefore, security being the true design and end of government, it unanswerably follows that whatever form
thereof appears most likely to ensure it to us, with the least expense and greatest benefit,
is preferable to all others.
FLREA Copyright 2012
Inspiration for the NationMagna Carta
English Bill of Rights
Mayflower Compact Limited Government
Rule of Law
Self Government
Consent of the Governed
Limited Monarchy
Rule of Law
Purpose of Government –
security of the people
Common Sense
Where did the Articles of Confederation go Wrong? • Congress was not given any power to tax the
people– No taxes=no money to run the country
Make it Modern! If there was no power to tax (raise money to run the country), what would be
missing in the United States today?
• Congress had no power to enforce its own laws in the states– No enforcement=people in various states doing what
they want
Where did the Articles of Confederation go Wrong?
Make it Modern! If there was no enforcement of laws, what would the United States be like
today?
• Congress could not make states follow trade agreements with other nations– Bad trading relations with other counties = no
international trade
Where did the Articles of Confederation go Wrong?
Make it Modern! If no one followed trade agreements with other nations, what would the United
States be like today?
• Congress could not regulate trade between the states.– High trading taxes between states = difficulty
trading goods = slow business = lost jobs
Where did the Articles of Confederation go Wrong?
Make it Modern! If the government could not regulate trade between the states, what would
state relations be like?
• Citizens in states thought their property rights were being violated– Violated property rights = need for national
government to check the states
Where did the Articles of Confederation go Wrong?
Make it Modern! If there were no property rights for citizens, what would the United States be like
today?
Click HERE to see how countries rank in the 2012 International
Property Rights Index
• There was no national court system– No national court system = different systems by state = confusion in
the justice system– Interstate issues would have no courts to go to on the federal level– No means of checking the laws of the legislature
Where did the Articles of Confederation go Wrong?
Make it Modern! If there were no national court system, what would the United States be like
today?
• There was no executive branch for the central government– This means there was no President or party responsible for enforcing
laws; no authority behind the laws– There was no figure head for the government – No means of checking the policies created by the legislature (what
happens when all power is in one branch of government?)
Where did the Articles of Confederation go Wrong?
Make it Modern! If there were no executive branch, what would the United States be like today?
• It required a unanimous vote to make changes to the Articles– This made it very difficult to make any changes to the Articles– Federal laws required that 9 of the 13 states approve a new
law; hard to pass new laws that might be needed.
Where did the Articles of Confederation go Wrong?
Make it Modern! If there were a requirement to reach a unanimous decision to amend the U.S.
Constitution, what would the United States be like today?
Using your copy of the Constitution, read the amendments in the United States Constitution that would not have been added if there had been a requirement for a unanimous decision to include that amendment. List 3 Amendments you
think are the most important that have been added since the ratification of the Constitution and discuss what the United States would be like without those
amendments.
27 Amendments I (1)
freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, petition
II (2) right to bear armsIII (3) quartering of troopsIV (4) search and seizureV (5) due process, double jeopardy, self-
incriminationVI (6) jury trial, right to counselVII (7) common law suitsVIII (8) excess bail or fines, cruel and
unusual punishmentIX (9) rights not namedX (10) powers reserved to statesXI (11) lawsuits against a stateXII (12) election of president and vice
presidentXIII (13) abolition of slaveryXIV (14) due process, equal protection,
privileges of citizens
XV (15) rights not to be denied because of race
XVI (16) income taxXVII (17) Direct election of senatorsXVIII (18) Prohibition (no alcohol)XIX (19) women's right to voteXX (20) presidential term and
successionXXI (21) repeal of ProhibitionXXII (22) president limited to 2 termsXXIII (23) presidential vote for persons in
D.C.XXIV (24) no poll taxXXV (25) presidential successionXXVI (26) right to vote at age 18XXVII (27)
compensation of members of Congress
What FOrms of government are out there?
Exploring Governments Throughout the World
Where did the Founders get a model for government?
The Founders modeled our government based on the Roman Republic.
“Republic” comes from the latin “res publica” which means thing or property of the people.
So, a republic is a country that has a government in which power is held by the
people.
WORD WALL WORD!
FLREA © 2012
WORD WALL WORD!
What is a “Democracy”?
Democracy is literally defined as “rule of the people” This means that a government that takes the form of
a democracy is one in which all citizens can exercise some kind of political power What are some examples of “political power” citizens
can exercise? Voting Running for office Contacting public officials
FLREA © 2012
What kinds of republican government are there?
• Direct Democracy– Based on the definition of “democracy” how would you
define a direct democracy? – Draw a picture to illustrate your definition of direct
democracy!• Representative Democracy– What is a “representative”?
• An elected person to act and speak on behalf of others
– Based on the definition of “representative” and “democracy”, how you would define representative democracy?
– Draw a picture to illustrate your definition of representative democracy!FLREA © 2012
What is direct democracy?
• Direct democracy is a government where the people have an individual voice in government.
Government
FLREA © 2012
FLREA Copyright 2012
Government
What would you say…
• The advantages are to direct democracy?– Every individual has a
voice in government – Works well in small
communities.• If we take a vote in
the classroom, we are acting as a direct democracy.
The disadvantages are to direct democracy? Too many voices at once Only works in small
communities Not efficient
What do you mean? WORD WALL
WORD! What is the common good?
It is what is best for the most amount of people…
• Individual becomes greater than the common good
FLREA © 2012
Common Good
• Common good – good of the community as a whole• When do we act in favor of the common good on a
daily basis? – For example, if I were ordering pizza for the whole class,
would I just order my favorite (and we will pretend my favorite is anchovies with pineapple)
or would I get something that the class as a whole would enjoy (like plain cheese or peperoni)?
– Acting in favor of the common good puts the group before the individual. • Why is this a good thing?
FLREA © 2012
What is Representative Democracy?
• Representative democracy is a system where individuals have a voice in government through elected representatives
Government
FLREA © 2012
What would you say…
• The advantages are to representative democracy?– Representatives are elected to
represent the common good instead of individual interests
– Representatives make the system more efficient – it’s their job to know the laws and the system
– People get a say in government through someone elected by the people
– Works well in large areas with diverse populations
The disadvantages are to representative democracy? Individuals must set
aside their private interests and personal concerns for the sake of the whole – some people are not comfortable with this
FLREA © 2012
SPEED DATE!• Everyone stand up.• Half of the class, go to one side of the room. The
other side of the class, go to the other side.• Line up facing each other.• You will have 1 minute each. One side will speak,
the other side will listen only. After one minute, the other side may speak. You must use the entire minute to explain your answer!
• After each side has spoken, one line will shift down one person. The person on the end will go to the other end of the line.
ONE MINUTE
FLREA © 2012
Answer this question:What do you think is
more important:Individual interests or
the common good?
FLREA © 2012
So we learned about representative governments….
What other kinds of governments are out there?
• Direct Democracy• Representative Democracy• Communism • Monarchy• Oligarchy• Autocracy
Saudi Arabia
Vietnam
North Korea
FLREA © 2012
As these governments are being discussed…
• Draw a diagram of the government we are discussing.
• Think about the definition and illustrate the definition in a way that makes sense to you.
• Some examples would be the direct democracy and representative democracy diagrams:
Government Government
FLREA © 2012
Communism
• In a communist government, the government believes in owning all means of production and eliminating private property– This means that all things are owned by the
government and shared by the people. – The intention of this system is to ensure that
everyone has equal access and property• However, this system can become corrupt quickly
with the government removing all rights of the people
Vietnam
FLREA © 2012
MonarchyA monarchy has a king, queen,
emperor or empress.The ruling position can be passed on
to the ruler’s heirs. In some traditional monarchies, the
monarch has absolute power, like in Saudi Arabia.
But a constitutional monarchy, like the United Kingdom, also has a democratic government that limits the monarch's control. Queen Elizabeth II
King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia
Image from the New York Post
FLREA © 2012
OligarchyA government in which control is
exercised by a small group of individuals whose authority generally is based on wealth or power
This power may not always be exercised openly. Oligarchs sometimes prefer to remain the “power behind the throne.”
A modern example of oligarchy could be seen in South Africa during the 20th century where oligarchy was based on racism.
FLREA © 2012
Autocracy A government ruled by a
single leader who has unlimited power and denies peoples’ fundamental rights.
In a military dictatorship, the army is in control. One person is in charge and often takes over by force.
Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Sadam Hussein were examples
FLREA © 2012
What Do these Governments
Look Like?
Communism
Govern
men
t
Govern
men
t
Govern
men
t
FLREA © 2012
Oligarchy
Government
Government
FLREA © 2012
Autocracy
Government
FLREA © 2012
What else is there?
• Another type of government is anarchy. – Anarchy is when there is a complete breakdown of
government and the people fall into a start of chaos. There is no organization or control.
FLREA © 2012
What else is there?
• Socialism is an economic system and political theory – First, what is an economic system? – A system of production and consumption of goods and
services of a community• This includes the wealth and resources of a nation• The government’s role (or absence of a role) in the regulation of
business and production.
• Socialism is an economic system which 1. Promotes collective or governmental ownership2. Administration of the means of production and
distribution of goods by government or collective groups
1. This results in no free, competitive, private businesses FLREA © 2012
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