DISPLAY COMPARATIVE LABOR STATS DATA BETWEEN VERIZON AND NATIONAL/STATE AVERAGES. COMPARING ITEMS SUCH AS COMPENSATION, HEALTH CARE, AND INDUSTRY TRENDS. HOUSEHOLD INCOME BY STATE VS VERIZON COMPENSATION (Current Dollars) Verizon LABOR FACTS In places such as New York City, Long Island and Boston, Verizon technicians earn an average wage and benefit package that exceeds $150,000 a year – that’s nearly three times the average income in New York City and Boston and more than 60% of the average income on Long Island. $53.843 NEW YORK $85.007 NEW YORK / L.I. $98.606 $53.952 PENNSYLVANIA $75.592 PHILADELPHIA $88.556 $62.963 MASSACHUSETTS $82.109 BOSTON $97.385 LEGEND NATION / STATE AVERAGE VERIZON COMPENSATION VZ TECHNICIAN VZ REPRESENTATIVE
Transcript
DISPLAY COMPARATIVE LABOR STATS DATA BETWEEN VERIZON AND NATIONAL/STATE AVERAGES. COMPARING ITEMS SUCH AS COMPENSATION, HEALTH CARE, AND INDUSTRY TRENDS.
HOUSEHOLD INCOME BY STATEVS VERIZON COMPENSATION(Current Dollars)
Verizon
LABORFACTS
In places such as New York City, Long Island and Boston, Verizon technicians earn an average wage and benefit package that exceeds $150,000 a year – that’s nearly three times the average income in New York City and Boston and more than 60% of the average income on Long Island.
$53.843NEW YORK
$85.007
NEW YORK / L.I.
$98.606
$53.952PENNSYLVANIA
$75.592
PHILADELPHIA
$88.556
$62.963MASSACHUSETTS
$82.109
BOSTON
$97.385
LEGEND
NATION / STATEAVERAGE
VERIZONCOMPENSATION
VZ TECHNICIAN
VZ REPRESENTATIVE
ASSOCIATE COMPENSATION AND BENEFITS BY FUNCTIONIN SPECIFIC GEOGRAPHY(2015, Current Dollars)
$51.939 $88.915 $0$60.675
D.C.D.C.
NATIONAL/STATE AVERAGE
MASSACHUSETTS BOSTON
$97.385 $82.109
NEW YOR K / L.I.
$98.606 $85.007
NORTH JERSEY
$97.385 $82.109
VZ TECHNICIAN VZ REPRESENTATIVE
$62.963
$53.843
$51.939 $92.379 $79.369$61.782
$51.939 $88.556 $75.592$53.952
PHILADELPHIA
UNITED STATES
$51.939
NEW YORK
NEW JERSEY
PENNSYLVANIA
VERIZON COMPENSATION
Source: U.S. Census, http://www.census.gov
HOUSEHOLD INCOME BY STATEVS VERIZON COMPENSATION(Current Dollars)
NORTH JERSEY
NEW JERSEY
VZ TECHNICIAN
STATE AVERAGE
$92,379
$61,782
NEWJERSEY
PHILADELPHIA
PENNSYLVANIA
VZ TECHNICIAN
STATE AVERAGE
$88,556
$53,952
PENNSYLVANIA
D.C.
D.C.
VZ TECHNICIAN
STATE AVERAGE
$88,915
$60,675D.C.
HEALTHCARE(2015, Current Dollars)
Currently, some of Verizon’s union-represented associates have plans that cost about nearly $27,000 a year. That’s more than 60% higher than the national average ($16,834) for healthcare for an entire family.
HEALTHCARE PLANS
$16,834
NATIONALAVERAGE
$27,000
VERIZON UNION
ASSOCIATES
+60%
Source: U.S. Census, http://www.census.gov
CLOUD-SMARTorchestrator
PUBLICcloud
CLOUD-SMARTorchestrator
PRIVATEcloud
CLOUD-SMARTorchestrator
PHYSICALcloud
CloudCenter
ARCHITECTURE
MANAGER
APLICATIONpro�le
CloudCenter
ARCHITECTURE
10,000
VMsper
CLOUD-SMARTorchestrator
= 1000
SaaSmodel
CLOUD-SMARTorchestrator
PUBLICcloud
CLOUD-SMARTorchestrator
PRIVATEcloud
CLOUD-SMARTorchestrator
PHYSICALcloud
MANAGER
SHARED
YourFIREWALL
SHARED
DEDICATED
DEDICATED
DEDICATEDmodel
CLOUD-SMARTorchestrator
PUBLICcloud
CLOUD-SMARTorchestrator
PHYSICALcloud
DEDICATED
CLOUD-SMARTorchestrator
PRIVATEcloud
DEDICATED DEDICATED
MANAGER
YourFIREWALL
DEDICATED
MANAGER
APPLICATIONpro�le
COMMANDS POLICIES(User, Resource)
STATUS EVENTS
Policyengine
Provisioningengine
ServicesInfrastructureIaaS
agentVM
Cloud-SmartorchestratorTM
Cloud-Agnost
CloudBlade®Cloud speci�c best practiceinfrastructure and services
CloudFormation
?Application(s)
Applications, Images, Containers
Pre-Pro�led
Physical
Private cloud
Public cloud
CloudFormation
Application(s)
Physical Private cloud Public cloud
Applications, Images, Containers
Pre-Pro�led
PROFILE
ApplicationMarketplace
PUBLIC/PRIVATE
Manage
Govern
Migrate
TM
Managing media in the cloud has never been easier. MediaSilo is the hub for your media, your team, and
best-of-breed tools.
ONLINE VIDEO SHARING TOOL
11 ACQUISTION1
MediaSilo makes file upload easy...
UPLOADOPTIONS
FTPFTPWWWWWW
MULTIFORMATS
MEDIASILOMEDIA
MANAGEMENT
FTPCATA-LOGINGCATA-
LOGING
ACCELERATEDSPEED
EASY UPLOAD
MediaSilo makes file upload easy...
AUTOTAGGING
...enriches files by adding metadata that creates context...
2 ENRICHMENT
VIDEOANALYSIS
FACIALRECOGNITION
SPEECH TO TEXT
1011
TRANSCRIPTCAPTIONS
TAGS
METADATA & TAGS
DUPLICATE FINDER
COLLABORATIONEASY SHARING
MediaSilo makes file upload easy......empowers real-time collaboration between customers and departments...
SHARING
3
REVIEWING
EMBEDDING
< >API APPS
SEARCH ANYWHERE
SEARCH ANYWHERE
24/7
EDSP ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR SCREENING PROGRAM
In 1996 Congress passed the Food Quality Protection Act and amended the Safe Drinking Water Act directing the Environ-mental Protection Agency (EPA) to develop a program to determine whether certain substances manufactured in the U.S. or imported into the U.S. have endocrine disruption potential. The resulting Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP) is a 4-step screening and testing process to identify and characterize the endocrine activity (specifically, estrogen, androgen and thyroid) from a potential universe of 10,000 pesticides, commercial chemicals and environmental contaminants.
PRIORITIZATION
TIER 1 BATTERY
TIER 2 BATTERY(IF INDICATED BY TIER 1)
RISK ANALYSIS
STEPS
It is important to note that just because a substance interacts with the endocrine system, it does not mean a negative effect will result or that it is endocrine disruptive. Substances known as
“endocrine disruptors” go beyond a simple interaction and result in adverse health effects. Scientists have yet to fully understand the relationship of human diseases of the endocrine system
and exposure to environmental contaminants.
Both List 1 and List 2 will potentially undergo two tiers of testing:Tier 1: Identify substances with the potential to interact with the endocrine system. Tier 2: Confirm and characterize any endocrine-related effects identified by Tier 1 testing and gather informa-tion about any adverse endocrine-related effects at various doses.Tier 1 testing includes 11 assays: 5 in vitro assays to assess estrogen, androgen and thyroid function and steroidogenesis and 6 in vitro assays to assess effects on estrogen, androgen and thyroid function and steroi-dogenesis. If the screening assays show no potential endocrine system effects no further testing should be required from companies who manufacture or import the substance.
When a manufacturer receives a test order, it has 90 days to respond to the EPA stating its intention to follow one of three possible courses of action:
Submit a request for voluntary cancellation of the substance (no need to gather data as the
substance will no longer be available).
Cite or submit existing data to the EPA (agency reviews and determines whether substance will
be subject to Tier 2 testing).
Generate new data according to Good Laboratory Practice and protocols described in the test order.
Draft List 1Substances73
Final List 1Substances67No EPA action 6published April ‘09
Tier 1 Test Orders Issued to Manufacturers
67October ‘09
EPA Releases Reviews of Test Results: Data Evaluation Record and Weight of Evidence Reviews
52
June ‘15
Tier 2 Test Orders may be issued in 2016, as no guidelines currently exist
Draft List 2Substances 134
These substances will undergo high-throughput screening prioritization and come out in 3 batches.
Final List 2Substances 109
published June ‘13
Tier 1 Test Orders Issued to
Manufacturers109
Date TBD; expected 2016
No EPA action 15
Out of the 52 substances
evaluated, 18 showed a potential to interact with the endocrine system.
No EPA action25
All pesticide chemicals and any other substance that may have an effect that is cumulative to a pesticide chemical if it is determined that a substantial population may be exposed to it
LIST 1 SUBSTANCES
Any other substance that may be found in sources of drinking water if it is determined
that a substantial population may be exposed to it
LIST 2 SUBSTANCES
‘07 ‘08 ‘09 ‘10 ‘11 ‘12 ‘13 ‘14 ‘15 ‘16
No regulatory concern for endocrine disruption (25)
Final List 2 Substances (109)
These substances will undergo high-throughput screening priorization and come out in 3 batches
JUNE
Tier 1 Test Orders Issued to Manufacturers (109)Date TBD; expected well beyond 2016
Tier 2 may be ordered at the earliest in2016, as no guidelines currently exist.
No regulatory concern for endocrine disruption (15)
Draft List 1 Substances (73)Disruption (6)
Final List 1 Substances(67)
Tier 1 Test Orders Issued to Manufacturers (67)
EPA Releases Reviews of Assay Results:Data Evaluation Record and Weight of Evidence-Reviews (52)
JUNE APRIL
No regulatory concern for endocrine disruption (6)
OCTOBER
Draft List 2 Substances (134)endocrine
NOVEMBER
JUNE
It’s important to note that just because a substance interacts with the endocrine system, it does not mean a negative effect will result. Just because a substance is endocrine active does not mean that it is endocrine disruptive. Substances known as “endocrine disruptors” go beyond a simple interaction and result in adverse health effects. Scientists have yet to fully understand the relationship of human diseases of the endocrine system and exposure to environmental contaminants.
PRIORITIZATION
TIER 1 BATTERY
TIER 2 BATTERY(IF INDICATED BY TIER 1)
RISK ANALYSIS
In the 1990s the scientific community became interested in whether certain substances might disrupt the endocrine systems of humans and wildlife and consequently lead to adverse health effects. Laboratory studies have shown that a variety of substances may disrupt the endocrine systems of animals, and there is evidence that chemical contaminants have disrupted the endocrine systems of certain fish and wildlife, resulting in developmental and reproductive problems.
In 1996 Congress passed the Food Quality Protection Act and amended the Safe Drinking Water Act directing the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to develop a program to determine whether certain substances have endocrine disruption potential. The resulting Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP) is a two-tiered screening and testing process to identify and characterize the endocrine activity (specifically, estrogen, androgen, and thyroid) of a potential universe of 10,000 pesticides, commercial chemicals and environmental contaminants.
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR SCREENING PROGRAM
EDSP
All pesticide chemicals and any other substance that may have an effect that is cumulative to a pesticide chemical if it is determined that a substantial population may be exposed to it
Any other substance that may be found in sources of drinking water if it is determined that a substantial population may be exposed to it.
LIST 1 SUBSTANCES
LIST 2 SUBSTANCES
STEPS
When a manufacturer receives a test order, it has 90 days to respond to the EPA stating its intention to follow one of three possible courses od action:1. Submit a request for voluntary cancellation of the substance (no need to gather data as the substance will no longer be available).2. Cite or submit existing data to EPA (agency reviews and determines wether substance will be subject to Tier 2 testing).3. Generate new data according to Good Laboratory Practice and protocols described in the test order.
Both List 1 and List 2 will potentially undergo two tiers of testing:TIER 1: Identify substances with the potential to interact with the endocrine systemTIER 2: Confirm and characterize any endocrine-related effects identified by Tier 1 testing and gather information about any adverse endocrine-related effects and various doses.
Tier 1 screening includes 11 assays: 5 in vitro assays to assess estrogen, androgen and thyroid function and steroidogenesis and 6 in vitro assays to assess effects on estrogen, androgen and thyroid function steroidogenesis. Note that Tier 1 screening assays are designed to have a high false-positive rate; if the screening assays show no potential interactions, no further testing should be required.Cost: $500,000 - $750,000 / substance
House Sales
House Customers
To buy with confidence, knowing their personal info is safe.
Access online profile to review and manage orders.
The Identity Challenge
The XSpectra Solution
The Internet has revolutionized the workplace; we aren’t bound by the physicality of a cubicle anymore. With the flexibility of mobile computing comes a new security challenge.
It’s no longer about securing an o�ce network. It’s
about individual identities — is the employee
accessing a server authorized to do so, whether
they’re in the o�ce or a personal device?
To answer that question, XSpectra assigns everyone
a ‘house of allegiance’ and to each house we grant
a tailored and automated means of. “House HR”
may be granted access to salary info, but “House
Sales” is kept in the dark. If a house member leaves
to work elsewhere, their access can be revoked with
ease.
House Human Resources
Ensure employees are paid and protected under labor laws.
Access to Paychex, modify user accounts, create users, and upload files.
House IT Helpdesk
Combat viruses and remedy infected users.
Modify security settings, view user accounts, reset user passwords, and dis-able user access.
XSpectra is a Security-as-a-Service (SaaS)
solution with its Identity and Access Management
system (IAM). This involves real-time 24/7
monitoring by expert security analysts and
unlimited incident support.
Spectra also o�ers a flexible on-demand
pricing, which means organizations only pay for
what they need. XSpectra can therefore be
tailor made to a company’s need depending
on their size.
Security is the preserve of massive corporations,
no more.
The
Solution
IT Helpdesk
HumanResources
Customers
Sales
Sell units in a fast, professional, and secure way.
Request and review access to the network
XQUEST WEAPONS
XQUEST WEAPONS
XQUEST WEAPONS
XQUEST WEAPONS
DEVELOPING A BORDER MANAGEMENT COOPERATION STRATEGY IN THE ECOWAS REGION
A GUIDE
Rabat ProcessEuro-African Dialogue on Migration and Development
Project financed by the EU Project implemented by ICMPD and FIIAPP
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF ACRONYMS
GLOSSARY
1.0 INTRODUCTION
2.0 METHODOLOGY OF THE ASSESSMENT
3.0 THE SITUATION AT BORDERS IN THE ECOWAS REGION
3.1 Customs and Clearance
3.2 Corruption
3.3 Disease Spread/Control
3.4 Transportation of Goods
3.5 Security
3.6 Border posts and Checkpoints
3.7 Migration
3.7.1 Irregular Migration
3.7.2 Women Traders
3.7.3 Cross-border Communities
4.0 RECOMMENDATIONS
4.1 LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
4.1.1 Customs
4.1.2 Internet Fraud
4.2 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK AND PROCEDURE
4.2.1 Migration
4.2.2 Transportation of Goods
4.2.3 Health Inspection
4.3 CAPACITY BUILDING
4.4 COOPERATION AND COORDINATION
4.4.1 International Coordination.
4.4.2 Cooperation with Non-state Actors
4.5 INFRASTRUCTURE AND EQUIPMENT
4.6 INVOLVEMENT OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES AND STAKEHOLDERS ANNEX I PROPOSED STEPS FOR BM
IN THE ECOWAS REGION
ANNEX II MAIN BORDER AGENCIES
ANNEX III MAIN BORDER AGENCIES IN NIGERIA
ANNEX III: BIBLIOGRAPHY
ANNEX IV: LIST OF INTERVIEWS
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Cross-border trade indicators (2011)
Table 2: The amount of fees charged in order to acquire residence permits in the ECOWAS
Table 3: Continuum of Inter-governmental Integration
Table 4: Types of Border Control
Table 5: Recommendations
The region requires the implementation of One Stop Border Posts (OSBPs). This will reduce the wait-ing time at borders for clearance and inspection of people and goods as people, vehicles and goods will only make a single stop while exiting and entering another country. The simplification of travel docu-ments and procedures combined with the use of ICT in border management will greatly improve the situ-
ation at border posts. UEMOA (WAEMU) successfully set up a customs union and common market in 2000. This eliminated tariffs on goods traded between its member states; abolished entry visas and harmonized customs clearance procedures, among all its member countries. UEMOA also improved transportation net-works and telecommunications connectivity across the West African region.9
Table 1: Cross-border trade indicators (2011)
Region Documents to export (number)
Time to export (days)
Documents to import (number)
Time to import (days)
SADCCOMESAECOWASCEMACMiddle East & North AfricaEast Asia & PacificSouth AsiaLatin AmericaEastern Europe & Central AsiaEUOECD
7.37.27.69.06.4
6.48.57.16.4
4.54.4
31.232.427.635.220.4
22.732.319.026.7
11.510.9
8.48.28.1
10.87.5
6.99.07.57.6
5.34.9
38.038.331.644.024.2
24.132.522.028.1
12.111.4
Source: Ben Berka, 2012
8 Habiba Ben Barka, “Border Posts, Checkpoints, and Intra-African Trade: Challenges and Solutions,” AfDB Chief Economist Complex, January 2012. Internet source: http://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/article/border-posts-checkpoints-and-intra-african-trade-challenges-and-solutions-12377/. Accessed 19 April 2015. 9 Ibid. 10 See Kwabena Adu Koranteng and Ouamar Abdulai, “Deadly borders of West Africa,” 2012). Internet source: http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php. Accessed 17 April 2015. 11 Cedric Pieterse, “How to Survive Dangerous Border Crossings,” January 10, 2008. Internet source: http://matadornetwork.com/bnt/2008/01/10/how-to-survive-third-world-border-crossings/. Accessed 17 April 2015.
3.2 Corruption
Bribery and extortion have marred the credibility of border management agencies as smugglers, human traffickers even terrorists need no legal documen-tation but money to bribe their way through border checkpoints.10 Corrupt border officials have made it a tendency to take bribes from willing traders and impose offences/fines on those unwilling to pay the bribes. It is a nightmare for anyone intending to travel
the world, as it is now customary that one carries ex-tra money to bribe his or her way through such bor-ders. Poorly paid officials are in the habit of extort-ing bribes from traders and tourists.11 The severity of corruption at the borders has achieved a new high as border guards have made it a common practice to ex-pect bribes from people intending to export or import illegal goods.
regulate and ensure there is efficient movement of goods through the West African region by doing away with custom duties, creating a common tariff through which member states use and ensuring that its member states contribute jointly towards the improvement of infrastructure in the region. The Common External Tar-iff (CET) came into operation in January 2015, requir-ing countries to adjust their customs to accommodate the harmonized tariffs.
Lack of sufficient infrastructure has resulted into extra costs on the part of traders and cargo transporters. For each day of delay at customs processing, traders incur consignment costs ranging from about €90 - €167 or higher depending on an agency’s discretion.8
The table below summarizes the effects of out-dated clearance procedures and equipment on the clearance process particularly customs in major economic com-munities.
The graph below gives an overview of the amount of bribes exchanged along selected corridors in West Africa, during the first quarter of 2011.
Source: Ben Barka, 2012.
The Regional Conference on Anti-Corruption in West Africa is one such legal forum established to remedy the situation. Organized by UNODC and HALCIA, the common resolution call for ECOWAS governments to pull together and strengthen their legal framework on corruption.12
The 21st Road Governance Report is among the many
initiatives by WAEMU and ECOWAS to restore normal-cy in the region by restricting corruption and related vices to low levels.13 The World Customs Organization (WCO) is also encouraging capacity building of border officials especially customs by training them in ethics and transparency.14
3.3 Disease Spread/Control
Health fears arising from contagious diseases and outbreaks have majorly impacted on the management of borders across West Africa. Countries plagued by such health risks tend to impose strict regulations and restrictions and to increase the number of health inspection at the borders.15 Plaguing Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia, the fear of Ebola resulted to some of the West African nations either closing their bor-ders or considering the idea. Justified as they may be, trade practices among the ECOWAS member states
have suffered major setbacks due to the closing of borders, and the installation of safeguards slowing down border movement. Liberia in 2014 resorted to restricting the movement of people in and out of the country as a counter measure to contain the further spread of the virus.16 These restrictions supersede the need to carry on with cross-border trade as they serve to protect citizens from contracting diseases and pre-vent further spread.
12 See Report of the Regional Conference on Anti-Corruption in West Africa, Final Conclusions, held in Niamey, Niger February 2015. Internet source: https://www.unodc.org/documents/westandcentralafrica//Regional_Conference_on_Anti-Corruption_in_West_Af-rica_-_FINAL_CONCLUSIONS.pdf. Accessed 18 April 2015. 13 See “21st Road Governance Report UEMOA,” 2013. Internet source: http://infrastructurene.ws/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2013/06/wa-tradebub-21st-IRTG-Report_EN.pdf. Accessed 18 April 2015.14 See World Customs Organisation, “Model code of ethics and conduct World Customs Organisation,” Internet source: http://www.wcoomd.org/en/topics/capacity-building/activities-and-programmes/~/media/AECDD5F305C6401CAF163C54D50434E3.ashx. Ac-cessed 18 April 2015. 15 Bobby Ramakant, “Call in Africa to fund the gap in the fight against TB,” American Chronicle, 28 March 2009. Internet source: http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/96323. Accessed 18 April 2015.16 Jacque Wilson, “Borders Closing over Ebola Fears,” CNN News. Internet source: http://edition.cnn.com/2014/08/22/health/ebola-
Bribes per 100 km (USD) - First Quarter 2011Police
Customs
Gendarmerie
Forces Nouvelles
Others
Unions
Burkina Faso Côte d’Ivoire Ghana Mali TogoSénégal
0
5
10
15
20
Infographic 1: Impact of Border Management
Source: Rabat Process, Dialogue on Migration and Development
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
Chad
Cameroon
Central AfricanRepublic
FOCUSThe impact of migrant returns from Central African Republic on the socio-economic development of Cameroon and Chad
Interview DATA as of August 2016
Family Members of Migrants
Migrants
Government Authorities
Civil Society Organisations
Intergovernmental Organisations
Experts Cameroon Chad
TOTAL = 68
6
4
5
7
8
38
Migrantsin Countriesin Crisis
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
57
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
Violent conflict between Séléka and anti-Balaka militias and subsequent reprisals against foreigners prompted many Cameroonian and Chadian migrants to flee CAR in large numbers between 2013 and 2014. While some Cameroonian migrants took refuge in Christian churches in CAR before planning their eventual escape from the country, others found havens in the homes of friends or their embassies in CAR’s capital, Bangui. Both Cameroonian and Chadian migrants fled the crisis in haste, leaving behind assets such as cash, houses, cars, bank statements and other important documents. Up to 4,000 Cameroonian migrants were initially evacuated by air from Bangui to Douala through arrangements by their government. Others travelled by road, borrowing trucks filled with goods and even travelling in containers. Others escaped on foot through dense, patchy forests. Most Cameroonian migrants did not organise collectively, but rather individually through the assistance of relatives to whom they returned. Chadian migrants escaped the crisis narrowly because of assistance from IOM and the Chadian military. They hid their CAR nationality documents thereby claiming Chadian citizenship because of assumptions that returnees would receive substantial support from the state and international organisations. Nevertheless, due to waning support to Chadian returnees, some reverted to their CAR identity documents because of perceived benefits from refugee status in Chad. While Cameroonians benefited from familial ties in their country of origin upon return, Chadian returnees did not maintain relationships with relatives while abroad and could therefore not rely on these networks upon return.
migrant responses
SOCIO-ECONOMIC POSITION OF MIGRANTS
Cameroonian migrants are low-skilled farmers, traders, gold and diamond sellersChadian migrants are shop owners, diamond traders, rural pastoralistsChadian migrants are poor urban dwellers with some formal skills
TIMELINE
CONTEXT
No, we did not have time to prepare ourselves. I thought the crisis would not last above two months, but the crisis became serious and it was too late.(Migrant from Chad in CAR, 43 years old)
PRE-CRISIS during crisis
Early 20th century: Northern CAR perceived as being inhabitedby ‘foreigners’
2010: UN peacekeeping troops deployed after multiple coups and rebellions
2006–2008: Northern rebel groups form and demand equal share in state resources
2013: Northern-based Séléka militia oust embattled president Bozizé, who flees to Cameroon thereby inciting reprisals against Cameroonians in CAR
58
58
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
legal situation of migrants:
Cameroonian migrants in CAR exempt from visas for up to three months (part of CEMAC free movement of persons agreement); required to have residence card after 90 days Migrants in CAR of Chadian origin possess CAR passports and birth certificates Chadian returnees shift from returnee to refugee status because of presumed benefits
Cameroonian and Chadian authorities evacuated hundreds of thousands of their nationals by road or air during the height of the crisis in CAR. Upon return, the state provided Cameroonian returnees with medical care, psycho-social counselling, transpor-tation assistance and cash vouchers. In the case of Chad, returnees were initially held in transit sites before being transferred to more permanent dwellings in the south of the country. Moreover, the government of Chad established the National Commission to Welcome and Reintegrate Refugees and Returnees to coordinate assistance in conjunction with interna-tional agencies such as IOM.Although it is clear that the governments of Cameroon and Chad played a pivotal role in evacuating, repatriating and resettling their nationals during the CAR crisis, there is a perception by returnees and non-governmental organisations alike that the states have not adequately addressed long-term reintegration. Similar critiques have been lodged at UN agencies, which were perceived as being preoccupied with refugees and asylum seekers and less concerned about returnees. Besides national governments and international organisations, other actors have been tangentially involved in responding to the needs of returnees, including private sector actors in the Chadian capital, N’Djamena, who enabled the use of cash vouchers supplied by state and international organisations as well as local community leaders in the rural south who provided land to returnees through sale or rental arrangements. In the case of Cameroon, Muslim dignitaries donated food and clothing and provided shelter to hundreds of stranded returnees.
Creating income-generating activities is the appropriate solution. Returnees need to become autonomous and to affirm themselves.(Gilbert Ewemeh, Executive Director, Yes Cameroon, Cameroon)
September 2013: Anti-Balaka militias formed to oppose Séléka
December 2013–January 2014: Cameroon government airlifts 4,000 nationals from CAR; IOM registers 101,752 migrants in Chad
Mid-May 2014: 359,834 people flee CAR amidst renewed violence
during crisis post-crisis
December 2015:General elections held, with no clear winner for president
March 2016: Run-off elections held after severe delays, bringing to power former Prime Minister Touadéra
59
ACTORS ANDINSTITUTIONS
LIBYA
67
Interview DATA as of August 2016
Migrantsin Countriesin Crisis
LIBYA
EgyptLibya
Tunisia
NigerChad
Ghana
Burkina Faso FOCUSThe impact of the Libyan crisis on migrants returning from Libya and migrants stranded in transit countries
Family Members of Migrants
Migrants
Government Authorities
Civil Society Organisations
Intergovernmental Organisations
Experts Burkina Faso Chad Egypt Ghana Niger Tunisia
TOTAL = 195
28
20
23
15
5
104
Dialogue, Knowledge and Action
More than half of the global population is residing in urban areas, which are foreseen to continue growing to 66% by 2050, mainly due to inflows of internal and international migrants. Cities can benefit from these people’s potential by creating an enabling environment and taking migration into account in their local governance.
The overall aim of the project is to contribute to improved migration governance at local level in ten cities in Europe and in the Southern Mediterranean, with a specific focus on integration and inclusion, and migrants’ access to rights and services.
The project will facilitate mainstreaming migration into local planning through a three-fold approach. It will nurture dialogue, build an expert network, support knowledge gain and exchange, and engage in actions.
Project duration: 2015 – 2018
WHY?
WHAT?
HOW?
The Mediterranean City-to-City Migration project is implemented in the framework of the Dialogue on Mediterranean Transit Migration (MTM)
Project financed by the European Union Project co-financed by the SDC
Mediterranean City-to-City
Migration
Project implemented by Associate partner
The network will principally consist of 10 partner cities in Europe and the Southern Mediterranean region. A number of cities are invited to join as associates.
housing
exchange
healthcare
understanding
education
urban planning
good practices
employmentlocal expertise
research
fact-finding
analysis
strategies
policy options
step-by-step guidance
practical tools
KNOWLEDGE
CITY PRIORITY PAPERS
national
authorit
ies
city a
dministra
tions
civil s
ociety
acad
emia
private
secto
rtru
st
involve
ment
commitm
ent
DIALOGUE
ACTION
expert team
operational test
capacity building
CITY MIGRATION PROFILES
PEER-TO-PEER MEETINGS
PILOT PROJECTS
CITY TOOLKIT
5 Southern Mediterranean cities tackle the most urgent priorities in an area of
their choice through pilot projects.
Each city defines priority areas for better governing migration at the city level.
Stakeholders from all cities are connected and discuss pertinent migration issues.
An expert team analyses the migration situation for all cities.
This practical toolkit will provide step-by-step guidance on mainstreaming migration into city planning.
leadership
inclusive approach
ownership
migration governance
CREATION OF THE CITY NETWORK
The network connects officialsfrom city administrations,
NGOs and academia.
PUBLICcloud
PRIVATEcloud
PHYSICALcloud
MANAGER
MANAGER
SHARED
YourFIREWALL PHYSICAL
cloud
PRIVATEcloud
PUBLICcloud
SHARED
DEDICATED
DEDICATED
ORCHESTRATOR
ORCHESTRATOR
ORCHESTRATOR
PRIVATEcloud
MANAGER
YourFIREWALL
DEDICATED
PHYSICALcloud
PUBLICcloud
ORCHESTRATOR ORCHESTRATOR
ORCHESTRATOR
MANAGER
APPLICATIONpro�le
COMMANDS POLICIES(User, Resource)
STATUS
X
EVENTS
Policyengine
ServicesInfrastructureIaaS
Provisioningengine
Orchestrator
Cloud-Agnostic
CloudBlade®Cloud speci�c best practiceinfrastructure and services
agentVM
CloudFormation
?Application(s)
Applications, Images, Containers
Pre-Pro�led
Physical
Private cloud
Public cloud
CloudFormation
Application(s)
PhysicalPrivate Cloud
Applications, Images, Containers
Pre-Pro�led
PROFILE
ApplicationMarketplace
PUBLIC/PRIVATE
Manage
GovernMigrate
Public Cloud
MANAGER
CloudCenterManagement
Hosting
Browser /CLI / REST API
OrchestratorTenant B
Tenant A
App VMs & Storage
App VMs & Storage
DEPLOY
STATUS
TENANT CUSTOMIMAGES
TENANT CUSTOMIMAGESDEPLOY
STATUS
CliQr SharedImages
CLOUD A
Orchestrator
Stor
age
Sync
Imag
eTr
ansf
orm
atio
n
Tenant B
Tenant A
App VMs & Storage
App VMs & StorageDEPLOY
Deploy
Status
TENANT CUSTOMIMAGES
TENANT CUSTOMIMAGES
STATUS
CLOUD B< Deploy Request >
Storage Repository
Can hold applicationpackages, scripts, data, etc.
CliQr SharedImages
KEY DATA
International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD) in partnership with the International Migration Institute of Oxford University (IMI)
IMPLEMENTer
Local research partners selected in each research countryLocal Partners
European Union (EU) DONOR
OBJECTIVE
Informing efforts to strengthen the preparedness of countries of origin, transit and destination and of other relevant actors to address and respond to future crises
Migrants in Countries in Crisis
Supporting an Evidence-Based Approach for Effective and Cooperative State Action
R ES EA RC H C O M PO N EN T
Migrants in Countriesin Crisis
Providing accessible, methodologically robust and policy relevant data on the migration implications of crisis situations in host countries. Including:
SPECIFIC AIM
• Investigating the availability of relevant mechanisms ensuring the protection of migrants before, during and after crisis in countries of origin, transit and destination
• Understanding the long-term impacts of crises on migrants and affected countries (countries of residence, origin, transit or other)
The research focuses on six case studies of crisis situations:Crisis situations investigated include natural disaster, violent conflict or civil unrest, which have led to a breakdownof or serious challenges to public order, and, as a result, entail a serious threat to the personal safety, physical and psychological integrity and protection of migrants. The six case studies selected are:
Research on these countries is conducted in countries of residence, origin and transit based on the relevance to the case study.
Research includes secondary desk research and primary research in the field with key stakeholders, including:• policy makers and public officials, • international organisations, • civil society,• humanitarian organisations, • diaspora organisations, • academics,• journalists,• employers, • recruitment agencies
ACTIVITES
CONTACTS
PROJECT IMPLEMENTED BY ICMPD AND IMIPROJECT FUNDED BY THE EUROPEAN UNION
IMI
InternationalMigrationInstitute
Migrants in Countries in Crisis
Albert Kraler Programme Manager Research [email protected]+43 1504 4677 2345
The results of the case study research will feed into comparative results:• Comparative report and summary paper – outline policy-relevant conclusions and action-oriented recommendations• Summary paper on European responses to crises
