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Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

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Page 1: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.
Page 2: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

Labor Force Distribution

1870-1900

Labor Force Distribution

1870-1900

Page 3: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

The Changing American

Labor Force

The Changing American

Labor Force

Page 4: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

Child LaborChild Labor

Page 5: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

Child LaborChild Labor

Page 6: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

“Galley Labor”“Galley Labor”

Page 7: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

Labor Unrest: 1870-1900

Labor Unrest: 1870-1900

Page 8: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

The Molly Maguires(1875)

The Molly Maguires(1875)

JamesJamesMcParlandMcParland

Page 9: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

The Corporate “Bully-Boys”:

PinkertonAgents

The Corporate “Bully-Boys”:

PinkertonAgents

Page 10: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

Management vs. Labor

Management vs. Labor

““Tools” of Tools” of ManagementManagement

““Tools” of Tools” of LaborLabor

““scabs”scabs”

P. R. campaignP. R. campaign

PinkertonsPinkertons

lockoutlockout

blacklistingblacklisting

yellow-dog yellow-dog contractscontracts

court injunctionscourt injunctions

open shopopen shop

boycottsboycotts

sympathy sympathy demonstrationsdemonstrations

informational informational picketingpicketing

closed shopsclosed shops

organized organized strikesstrikes

““wildcat” strikeswildcat” strikes

Page 11: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

A Striker Confronts a SCAB!

A Striker Confronts a SCAB!

Page 12: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

Knights of LaborKnights of Labor

Terence V. PowderlyTerence V. Powderly

An injury to one is the concern of An injury to one is the concern of all!all!

Page 13: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

Knights of LaborKnights of Labor

Knights of Labor trade cardKnights of Labor trade card

Page 14: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

Goals of the Knights of Labor

Goals of the Knights of Laborù Eight-hour workday.Eight-hour workday.

ù Workers’ cooperatives.Workers’ cooperatives.

ù Worker-owned factories.Worker-owned factories.

ù Abolition of child and prison labor.Abolition of child and prison labor.

ù Increased circulation of greenbacks.Increased circulation of greenbacks.

ù Equal pay for men and women.Equal pay for men and women.

ù Safety codes in the workplace.Safety codes in the workplace.

ù Prohibition of contract foreign labor.Prohibition of contract foreign labor.

ù Abolition of the National Bank.Abolition of the National Bank.

Page 15: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

Page 16: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

Page 17: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

The Tournament of Today:

A Set-to Between Labor and Monopoly

The Tournament of Today:

A Set-to Between Labor and Monopoly

Page 18: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

Anarchists Meet on the Lake Front in

1886

Anarchists Meet on the Lake Front in

1886

Page 19: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

Haymarket Riot (1886)

Haymarket Riot (1886)

McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.

Page 20: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

Haymarket MartyrsHaymarket Martyrs

Page 21: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

Governor John Peter Altgeld

Governor John Peter Altgeld

Page 22: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

The American Federation

of Labor: 1886

The American Federation

of Labor: 1886

Samuel GompersSamuel Gompers

Page 23: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

How the AF of L Would Help the

Workers

How the AF of L Would Help the

Workersù Catered to the skilled worker.Catered to the skilled worker.

ù Represented workers in matters of Represented workers in matters of national legislation.national legislation.

ù Maintained a national strike fund.Maintained a national strike fund.

ù Evangelized the cause of unionism.Evangelized the cause of unionism.

ù Prevented disputes among the many Prevented disputes among the many craft unions.craft unions.

ù Mediated disputes between Mediated disputes between management and labor.management and labor.

ù Pushed for Pushed for closed shopsclosed shops..

Page 24: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

Homestead Steel Strike

(1892)

Homestead Steel Strike

(1892)

The Amalgamated The Amalgamated Association of Association of

Iron & Steel WorkersIron & Steel Workers

Homestead Steel Homestead Steel WorksWorks

Page 25: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

Big Corporate Profits!Big Corporate Profits!

Page 26: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

Attempted Assassination!

Attempted Assassination!

Henry Clay FrickHenry Clay Frick

Alexander BerkmanAlexander Berkman

Page 27: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

A “Compa

nyTown”:

Pullman, IL

A “Compa

nyTown”:

Pullman, IL

Page 28: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

Pullman CarsPullman Cars

A Pullman A Pullman porterporter

Page 29: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

The Pullman Strike of 1894

The Pullman Strike of 1894

Page 30: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

President Grover Cleveland

President Grover Cleveland

If it takes the entire army and navy to If it takes the entire army and navy to deliver a postal card in Chicago, that card deliver a postal card in Chicago, that card

will be delivered!will be delivered!

Page 31: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

The Pullman Strike of 1894

The Pullman Strike of 1894

Government by injunction!Government by injunction!

Page 32: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

The SocialistsThe Socialists

Eugene V. DebsEugene V. Debs

Page 33: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

International Workers of the World (“Wobblies”)

International Workers of the World (“Wobblies”)

Page 34: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

“Big Bill” Haywood of the

IWW

“Big Bill” Haywood of the

IWW

Violence was justified to Violence was justified to overthrow capitalism.overthrow capitalism.

Page 35: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

I W W & the InternationaleI W W & the

Internationale

Page 36: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

The Hand That Will Rule the World One

Big Union

The Hand That Will Rule the World One

Big Union

Page 37: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

Mother Jones: “The Miner’s Angel”

Mother Jones: “The Miner’s Angel”

Mary Harris.Mary Harris.

Organizer for theOrganizer for theUnited MineUnited MineWorkers.Workers.

Founded the Founded the SocialSocialDemocratic Party Democratic Party in 1898.in 1898.

One of the One of the founding founding members of the I. members of the I. W. W. in 1905.W. W. in 1905.

Page 38: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

Lawrence, MA Strike: 1912

Lawrence, MA Strike: 1912

Page 39: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

The “Bread & Roses” Strike

The “Bread & Roses” Strike

DEMANDS:DEMANDS:

ù 15¢/hr. wage increase.15¢/hr. wage increase.

ù Double pay for overtime.Double pay for overtime.

ù No discrimination against strikers.No discrimination against strikers.

ù An end to “speed-up” on the An end to “speed-up” on the assembly line.assembly line.

ù An end to discrimination againstAn end to discrimination againstforeign immigrant workers.foreign immigrant workers.

Page 40: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

Lawrence, MA Strike: 1912

Lawrence, MA Strike: 1912

Page 41: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

The “Formul

a”

The “Formul

a”

unions unions + violence + strikes + socialists + violence + strikes + socialists + immigrants immigrants = anarchistsanarchists

Page 42: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

Labor Union MembershipLabor Union Membership

Page 43: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

“Solidarity Forever!”by Ralph Chapin (1915)

“Solidarity Forever!”by Ralph Chapin (1915)

When the union's inspiration When the union's inspiration through the workers‘ blood shall run, through the workers‘ blood shall run,There can be no power greater There can be no power greater anywhere beneath the sun; anywhere beneath the sun;Yet what force on earth is weaker Yet what force on earth is weaker than the feeble strength of one, than the feeble strength of one,But the union makes us strong! But the union makes us strong!

CHORUS:CHORUS:Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,For the union For the union makes us strong! makes us strong!

Page 44: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

Come On Come On and and

Sing Along!!Sing Along!!

Come On Come On and and

Sing Along!!Sing Along!!

Page 45: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

“Solidarity Forever!”“Solidarity Forever!”Is there aught we hold in common with the greedy parasite,Who would lash us into serfdom and would crush us with his might?Is there anything left to us but to organize and fight?For the union makes us strong!

CHORUS:CHORUS:Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,For the union For the union makes us strong! makes us strong!

Page 46: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

“Solidarity Forever!”“Solidarity Forever!” * * * *

Through our sisters and our brothersThrough our sisters and our brothers we can make our union strong, we can make our union strong,For respect and equal value, For respect and equal value, we have done without too long. we have done without too long.We no longer have to tolerate We no longer have to tolerate injustices and wrongs, injustices and wrongs,Yes, the union makes us strong!Yes, the union makes us strong!

CHORUS:CHORUS:Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,For the union For the union makes us strong! makes us strong!

Page 47: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

Workers Benefits Today

Workers Benefits Today

Page 48: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

The Rise & Decline of Organized Labor

The Rise & Decline of Organized Labor

Page 49: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

Right-to-Work States Today

Right-to-Work States Today

Page 50: Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 The Changing American Labor Force.

Unionism & Globalization?

Unionism & Globalization?


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