Labor Standards - Atty. Domingo Anonuevo

1

LABOR STANDARDS

LAW 200M

Third Term, 2013-2014

Atty. Domingo T. Aonuevo

DLSU College of Law

[email protected]

+639178129948

COURSE DESCRIPTION:

This course is about the fundamental principles of labor law, and the law

on recruitment and placement, labor standards, and termination of

employment.

LEARNING OUTCOMES (LO):

On completion of the course, the student is expected to be able to do

the following:

1. State the legal bases of labor law and tell where it may be found;

recognize the basic rights of workers and employers;

2. Tell when an employer-employee relationship exists; differentiate job

contracting from labor-only contracting;

3. Distinguish labor disputes from other disputes;

4. Tell when there is illegal recruitment; discuss the rights of apprentices,

learners and the disabled;

5. Restate and apply the minimum standards on hours of work, rest days,

holidays, various leaves, minimum wages, payment and protection of

wages, 13th month pay, and the working conditions for women, minors,

house helps and other special groups of workers;

6. Discuss the right to security of tenure; explain when an employee may quit

his/her employment; identify the just and business-related causes for

termination of employment; describe the procedural requirements of

termination of employment; and identify the reliefs and remedies in cases

of illegal dismissals;

2

7.7.7.7. Discuss the coverage of and the benefits under the various social

legislations.

8.8.8.8. Teach workers the basic labor standards.

REQUIREMENTS AND ASSESSMENTS:

The student will be assessed during the term by the following:

Class participation 30.00%

Attendance/recitation 15.00%

Reports 15.00%

Quizzes 20.00%

Workers seminar 20.00%

Final examination 30.00%

Students should submit to DTA class cards with 1x1 photos and email

address not later than the 2nd class day.

Laptops and tablets may be used to take down notes but should be

turned off/closed when owner is called to recite. All notes and books

should be closed also during recitation.

Consultation is by appointment or through email.

No excuse will be accepted for failing to take a quiz or submitting a report

or paper.

Every student must present a report to the class on any of the topics

identified in the course outline.

Every gang of 2 students should be able to conduct a 2-hour seminar-

presentation to a group of employees on any of the above topics on or

before the last week of classes.

LEARNING PLAN:

LEARNING

OUTCOME:

Student should be

TOPIC DAYS

LEARNING

ACTIVITIES

3

able to

State the legal bases

of labor law and tell

where it may be

found; recognize the

basic rights of workers

and employers;

Part I:

Introduction

to Labor Law

Sections 1 - 4.

2.5 * Lecture

* Recitation

* Lecture

* Recitation

* Report on the Tonko cases

Tell when an

employer- employee

relationship exists;

differentiate job

contracting from

labor-only

contracting;

distinguish labor

disputes from other

disputes;

Part I:

Introduction

to Labor Law

Sections 5 & 6

2

Quiz on Part I

* Lecture

* Recitation

* Report on training and

employment of disabled

persons (handicapped workers)

Tell when there is

illegal recruitment;

Discuss when an alien

may be employed;

discuss the rights of

apprentices, learners

and the disabled;

Part II:

Recruitment

& Placement

of Workers/

Alien

Employment

Part III:

Human

Resources

Development

2

Quiz on Parts II & III

* Lecture

* Recitation

* Report on the Kasambahay

law

Restate and apply

the minimum

standards on hours of

work, rest days,

holidays, various

leaves, minimum

wages, payment and

protection of wages,

13th month pay, and

the working

conditions for

women, minors,

house helps and

other special groups

of workers;

Part IV: Labor

Standards 3

Quiz on Part IV

4

* Lecture

* Recitation

* Report on FASAP v. PAL, G.R.

No. 178083

Discuss the right to

security of tenure;

explain when an

employee may

terminate his/her

employment; identify

the just and business-

related causes for

termination of

employment;

describe the

procedural

requirements of

termination of

employment; and

identify the reliefs and

remedies in cases of

illegal dismissals;

Part V:

Termination

of

Employment

3

Quiz on Part V

REFERENCES:

SALVADOR A. POQUIZ, LABOR STANDARDS LAW WITH NOTES AND

COMMENTS, 2012 EDITION;

C.A. AZUCENA, JR., THE LABOR CODE WITH COMMENTS AND CASES, VOL. I,

2010 EDITION;

Nota bene:

Most of the case titles below are hyperlinked to websites containing

the cases' full texts.

5

Part I:

INTRODUCTION TO LABOR LAW

1 Labor law, defined

2 Labor law, classified

3 Legal bases of labor law

3.1 Police power of the State Philippine Association of Service

Exporters, Inc. v. Drilon, 163 SCRA 386

(1988); St. Lukes Medical Center

Employees Association-AFW v. NLRC, 517

SCRA 677 (2007); Magana v. Medicard

Phil., Inc., 638 SCRA 606 (2010)

3.2 Specific provisions of the 1987

Constitution

3.2.1 Social Justice

1987 Constitution, Art. II, Secs. 5 & 10; Art. XIII,

Secs. 1 & 2;

3.2.1.1 Defined Calalang v. Williams, 70 Phil. 726 (1940); Fr.

Joaquin Bernas, The 1987 Philippine

Constitution: A Reviewer-Primer, 1987 ed., p.

23.

3.2.1.1 Applied HFS Phil., Inc. v. Pilar, G.R. No. 168716, April

16, 2009; PLDT v. NLRC, 164 SCRA (1988);

Toyota Motor Phil. Corp. Workers

Association v. NLRC, G.R. No. 158786,

October 19, 2007; Paloma v. PAL, G.R. No.

163607, July 14, 2008;

3.2.1.3 Protection of

labor

CONST., Art. II, Sec. 18; Art XIII, Sec. 3.;

Cebu Royal Plant v. Hon Deputy Minister

of Labor, 153 SCRA 38 (1987); Gregorio

Araneta University Foundation v. NLRC,

155 SCRA 301(1987); Quitoriano v. Jebsens

Maritime, Inc., G.R. No. 179868, January 21,

2010.

3.2.1.3 Right to due

process and right to

labor as property

CONST., Art. IIL, Sec. 1;

Callanta v. Carnation Philippines, Inc.,

145 SCRA 268 (1986); Phil. Movie Pictures

Workers' Asso. v. Premiere Productions,

Inc., 92 Phil. 843 (1953).

6

3.2.3 Gender equality and

protection of women

CONST., Art. II, Sec. 14; Art. XIII, Sec. 14

Suggested reading: Emily Salcedo,

Romantic Paternalism in Philippine Labor

Law Revisiting the Tradition, Realizing its

Folly, and Proposing Reconstruction in the

Light of American Experience, DLSU Business

& Economics Review, 21.1 (2011), pp. 77-96.

3.2.4 Right of government

employees to organize

CONST., Art. IX-B, Sec. 2(5); Art. III, Sec. 8

3.2.5 Protection to rights of

employer

CONST., Art. II, Sec. 20 and Art. XIII, Sec. 3,

par. 4;

3.2.6.1 Definition &

Scope of

Management

Prerogatives (MP)

Chu v. NLRC, 232 SCRA 764 (1994); San

Miguel Brewery Sales Force Union

(PTGWO) v. Ople, 170 SCRA 25 (1989);

Philippine Airlines, Inc. v. NLRC, 225 SCRA

301 (1993); Royal Plant Workers Union v.

Coca-Cola Bottlers Philippines, Inc.

Cebu Plant, G.R. No. 198783; April 15,

2013

3.2.6.2 Limits of MP SHS Perforated Materials, Inc. v. Diaz, 633

SCRA 258 (2010); Supreme Steel Corp. v.

Nagkakaisang Manggagawa Ng

Supreme Independent Union (Nms-Ind-

Apl), G.R. No. 185556, March 28, 2011; PLDT

v. Paguio, G.R. No. 152689, October 12,

2005; Businessday Information Systems and

Services, Inc. v. NLRC, 221 SCRA 9 (1993)

3.3 Civil Code CIVIL CODE, Arts. 1700 & 1701;

Brew Master International v. National

Federation of Labor Unions, 271 SCRA 275

(1997); PNCC Skyway Traffic

Management and Security Division

Workers Organization (PSTMSDWO) v.

PNCC Skyway Corp., 613 SCRA 28 (2010)

4 Sources of labor law

7

4.1 The Labor Code and its

implementing rules

4.1.1 Brief history Poquiz, pp. 3-4, 37-38; Azucena, pp. 15-17

4.1.2 Name of Decree LABOR CODE, Art. 1

4.1.3 Date of Effectivity Id., Art. 2

4.1.4 Declaration of Basic

Policy

Id., Art. 3; CONST. (1973), Art. II, Sec. 9;

CONST., Art. XIII, Sec. 3

4.1.5 Construction in favor of

Labor

LABOR CODE, Art. 4; CIVIL CODE, Art. 1702

Reyes v. CA, 409 SCRA 267 (2003); J.K.

Mercado & Sons Agricultural Enterprises,

Inc. v. Hon. Patricia Sto. Tomas, G.R. No.

158084, August 29, 2008; PNCC Skyway

Traffic Management and Security

Division Workers Organization

(PSTMSDWO) v. PNCC Skyway Corp., 613

SCRA 28 (2010)

4.1.6 Rule-making power,

limitations

LABOR CODE, Art. 5;

Insular Bank of Asia and America

Employees' Union v. inciong, G.R. No. L-

52415, October 23, 1984

4.1.7 Applicability LABOR CODE, Art. 6

4.1.7.1 Overseas

Workers

Sim v. NLRC, G.R. No. 157376, October 2,

2007; Santiago v. CF Sharp Crew

Management, G.R. No. 162419, July 10,

2007

4.1.7.2

Government

employees

CONST., Art. IX-B, Sec. 2(1); LABOR CODE,

Art. 276;

NASECO v. NLRC, G.R. No. L-70295,

November 29, 1988; PNOC-Energy

Development Corp. v. NLRC, 201 SCRA

487 (1991)

Liban v. Gordon, G.R. No. 175352, January

8

18, 2011, July 15, 2009

4.1.7.3 Employees of

International

Organizations and

Specialized Agencies

International Catholic Migration

Commission v. Calleja, 190 SCRA 130

(1990)

4.1.8 Enforcement and

Sanctions

LABOR CODE, Art. 128; D.O. No. 131-13 &

D.O. No. 57-04;

LABOR CODE, Arts.129 & 223 (a) (2), (3), (4),

& (6), 294, 295, 296, 297, & 298; CONST., Art.

III, Secs. 11 & 16

4.2 Decisions of the courts and

quasi-judicial bodies

Callanta v. Carnation Phil., Inc., 145 SCRA

268 (1986)

4.3 Labor Contracts CIVIL CODE, Arts. 1305 & 1306;

Supreme Steel Corp. v. Nagkakaisang

Manggagawa Ng Supreme

Independent Union (Nms-Ind-Apl), G.R.

No. 185556, March 28, 2011; Mariveles

Shipyard Corp. v. CA, G.R. No. 144134,

November 11, 2003

4.4 Company Practice

Central Azucarera De Tarlac v. Central

Azucarera De Tarlac Labor Union-NLU,

G.R. No. 188949, July 26, 2010; Metropolitan

Bank and Trust Co. v. NLRC, G.R. No.

152928, June 18,2009; Pag-asa Steel Works,

Inc. v. CA, 486 SCRA 475 (2006)

4.5 Company Policy Kimberly-Clark Phil., Inc. v. Dimayuga,

G.R. No. 177705, September 18, 2009; China

Banking Corp. v. Borromeo, G.R. No.

148415, July 14, 2008; GTE Directories Corp.

v. Sanchez, 197 SCRA 452, 466 (1991)

5 Work Relationship

5.1 Definition: Employer &

Employee

LABOR CODE, Arts. 97 (a), (b), (c); 167 (f), (g)

& (h); 212 (e) & (f)

A.C. Ransom Labor Union v. NLRC, 142

9

SCRA 269 (1988); Orlando Farms Growers

Association v. NLRC, 299 SCRA 364,

November 25, 1998; Far Eastern University

v. CIR, 5 SCRA 1080 (1962)

5.2 Employer-Employee

Relationship: Factors/Tests

Sonza v. ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corp.,

431 SCRA 381(1904); Semblante v. CA, G.R.

No. 196426, August 15, 2011; Sy v. CA, G.R.

No. 142293, Feb. 27, 2003; Perpetual Help

Credit v. Faburada, G.R. No. 121948,

October 8, 2001; Jardin v. NLRC, 326 SCRA

299 (2000); Corporal Sr. v. NLRC, 341 SCRA

658 (2000);; Ruga v. NLRC, 181 SCRA 266

(1990); Mendiola v. CA, G.R. No. 159333,

July 31, 2006; Tongko v. The

Manufacturers Life Insurance Co. (Phils.)

Inc., G.R. No. 167622, November 7, 2008,

June 29, 2010, & January 25, 2011; Locsin v.

PLDT, G.R. 185251, October 2, 2009;

Francisco v. NLRC, G.R. No. 170087, August

31, 2006; Teng v. Pahagac, 635 SCRA

172(2010)

5.3 Independent Contractor and

Labor-only Contractor

LABOR CODE, Arts. 106, 107, 108 &109; D.O.

No. 18-A (2011)

Phil. Bank Communications v. NLRC, 146

SCRA 347 (1986); San Miguel Corp. v.

Maerc Integrated Services, Inc.; G.R. No.

144672, July 10, 2003; Wack Wack Golf and

Country Club v. NLRC, 456 SCRA 280

(2005); Aliviado v. Proctor and Gamble

Phils., Inc., G.R. No. 160506, March 9, 2010;

Spic n Span Services Corp. v. Gloria

Paje, et al., G.R. No. 174084, August 25,

2010;

5.4 Liability of Indirect Employer GSIS v. NLRC, 635 SCRA 251 (2010);

Mariveles Shipyard Corp. v. CA, 415 SCRA

573 (2003)

6 Labor disputes Labor Code (LC), Art. 218 (l);

Feati University v. Bautista, 18 SCRA 1190

(1966); San Miguel Corp. Employees

Union v. Bersamira, G.R. No. 87700, June

13, 1990; Halaguea v. PAL, G.R. No.

10

172013, October 2, 2009; Nestle Phils., Inc.

v. NLRC, G.R. No. 85197, March 18, 1991;

Jaguar Security and Investigation

Agency v. Sales, G.R. No. 162420, April 16,

2008;

Part II:

RECRUITMENT AND PLACEMENT OF WORKERS/ALIEN EMPLOYMENT

7 Recruitment and Placement of Workers Suggested reading:

Julyn S. Ambito and Melissa Suzette L.

Banzon, Review of Philippine Migration

Laws and Regulations: Gains, Gaps,

Prospects.

7.1 Definition LABOR CODE, Art. 13(b);

People v. Panis, 142 SCRA 667 [1986)

7.2 Employment Policies

7.3 Employment Agencies/Entities

7.3.1 Allowed entities LABOR CODE, Arts. 16, 18, 25 & 12(f);

Omnibus Rules, Book I, Rules III, IV, VII Sec

1.

7.3.2 Private employment

agency

LABOR CODE, Art. 13(c) & (d)

7.3.3 Private recruitment

entity

LABOR CODE, Art. 13(e) & (f)

7.3.4 Public employment

offices

LABOR CODE, Art. 12(f) & 14(a); E.O. No.

247 (1987), Sec. 3 (f),

7.3.5 Prohibited entity LABOR CODE, Arts. 18, 16, 25 & 26; 2002

POEA Rules and Regulations Governing the

Recruitment and Employment of Land-

based Overseas Workers (2002 POEA

Rules), Part II, Rule 1, Sec. 2; 2003 POEA

Rules,and Regulations Governing the

Recruitment and Employment of Seafarers

(2003 POEA Rules), Part II, Rule I, Sec. 2

7.4 Government techniques of

regulation - private recruitment

11

7.4.1 Licensing LABOR CODE, Arts. 27, 28, 29, 30 & 31;

2002 POEA Rules, Part II, Rule II, Secs. 1, 4, 6

& 7; 2003 POEA Rules, and Regulations

Governing the Recruitment and

Employment of Seafarers (2003 POEA

Rules), Part II, Rule I (a) & (b); Rule II, Secs.

1, 4, 6 & 7

7.4.2 Workers Fee LABOR CODE, Art. 32

7.4.3 Reports/employment

information

LABOR CODE, Art. 33

7.5 Prohibited practices LABOR CODE, Art. 34

7.6 Illegal recruitment LABOR CODE, Art. 38(a) & (b); R.A. No.

8042, as amended, Sec. 6;

Boneng v. People; G.R. No. 133563,

March 4, 1999; People v. Gallo, G.R. No.

185277, March 18, 2010; People v. Hu,

G.R. No. 182232, October 6, 2008; People

v. Chua, G.R. No. 184058; March 10, 2010;

People v. Laogo, G.R. No. 176264,

January 10, 2011; Salazar v. Achacoso,

183 SCRA 145 (1990)

7.7 Enforcement & sanctions LABOR CODE, Arts. 35, 36, 37, 38 & 39; R.A.

No. 8042, Secs. 6, 7, & 10;

Serrano v. Gallant Maritime Services,

Inc., G.R. No. 16714, March 24, 2009;

Eastern Assurance and Surety Corp. v.

Sec. of Labor, 181 SCRA 110 (1990); Sto.

Tomas v. Salac, G.R. No. 152642, December 5, 2012;

7.7.1 Joint and several

liability of private

employment agency/

manning agent and

employer

R.A. No. 8042, as amended, Sec. 10, pars.

2 & 3; 2002 POEA Rules, Part II, Rule II,

Sec. 1(f)(3); 2003 POEA Rules, Part II, Rule

II, Sec. 1(e)(8);

Datuman v. First Cosmopolitan

Manpower and Promotion Services,

Inc., G.R. No. 156029, November 14, 2008

12

7.8 Jurisdiction

7.8.1 Regional Trial Court, for

criminal action for illegal

recruitment

R.A. No. 8042, Sec. 9

7.8.2 NLRC, for money claims

arising from employer-

employee relations

R.A. No. 8042, Sec. 10;

Serrano v. Gallant Maritime Services,

Inc., G.R. No. 16714, March 24, 2009.

7.8.3 POEA, for administrative

and disciplinary actions

Omnibus Rules Implementing R.A. No.

8042, Sec. 28

8 Alien employment regulation CONST., Art. XII, Sec. 12; Anti-Dummy Law

(Com. Act No. 108), Sec. 2-A, as

amended, in rel. to CONST., Art. XVI, Sec.

11(1), Art. XVI, Sec. 11(2), Art. XII, Sec. 11;

INVESTMENT CODE, Art. 76, par. 2; LABOR

CODE, Arts. 40, 41 & 42; Omnibus Rules,

Book I, Rule XIV; D.O. No. 97-09 (Revised

Rules for Issuance of Employment Permits

to Foreign Nationals)

8.1 Coverage D.O. 97-09 , Secs. 1 & 2;

Almodiel v. NLRC, 223 SCRA 341 (1993)

8.2 Conditions for grant of permit LABOR CODE, Art. 40; D.O. 97-09 , Sec. 10;

WPP Marketing Communications, Inc.

v. Galera, 616 SCRA 422 (2010); General

Milling Corp. v. Torres, 196 SCRA 215

(1991)

Part III

HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT

9 Development of human resources LABOR CODE, Arts. 57-81; Technical

Education and Skills Development Act

(TESDA) of 1994 (R.A. No. 7796); Dual Training

Systems Act of 1994 (R.A. No. 7686); Magna

Carta for Disabled Persons of 1992 (R.A. No.

7277)

9.1 Policy, goals & objectives R.A. No. 7796, Secs. 2 & 3

10 Training and employment of

apprentices

13

10.1 Apprentices, defined LABOR CODE, Art. 58 ; R.A. No. 7796, Sec. 4

(j), (k), (l), & (m). See also: Child Abuse Law

of 1992 (R.A. No. 7610), as amended by R.A.

No. 7658, re: employment of children below

15 years

10.2 When apprentices may be

employed

Century Canning Corp. v. CA, 530 SCRA

501(2007); Nitto Enterprises v. NLRC, 248

SCRA 654 (1995); Atlanta Industries v.

Sebolino, G.R. Mo. 187320, January 26, 2011

10.3 Conditions of employment LABOR CODE, Arts. 61, 72 &124, last par.

10.4 Enforcement LABOR CODE, Arts. 65, 66, & 67

11 Training and employment of learners

11.1 Learners, defined LABOR CODE, Art. 73; R.A. No. 7796, Sec.

4(n)

11.2 When learners may be

employed

LABOR CODE, Art. 74; R.A. No. 7796, Sec.

4(n)

11.3 Conditions of employment LABOR CODE, Arts. 75, 76 & 124, last par.

12 Training and employment of disabled

persons (handicapped workers) LABOR CODE, Arts. 78, 79, 80, & 81; Magna

Carta for Disabled Persons of 1992 (R.A. No.

7277)

12.1 Definition R.A. No. 7277, Sec. 4(a), (b), (c), & (d)

12.2 Policy declaration R.A. No. 7277, Sec. 2

12.3 Coverage R.A. No. 7277, Sec. 3

12.4 Rights and privileges R.A. No. 7277, Secs. 5, & 6

Bernardo v. NLRC, 310 SCRA 186 (1999)

Part IV

LABOR STANDARDS

13 HOURS OF WORK LABOR CODE, Arts. 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87,

88, 89 & 90; Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rules I,

IA, & II

13.1 Regulation; rationale Manila Terminal Co. Inc., v. CIR, 91 Phil.

625, 636 (1952)

14

13.2 Coverage: all employees, in

general

LABOR CODE, Arts. 82 & 276; Omnibus

Rules, Book III, Rule I, Secs. 1 & 2

13.3 Exemptions

13.3.1 Government

employees

CONST., Art. IX-B, Sec. 2(1)

13.3.2 Managerial

employees

Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 2(b) &

(c);

San Miguel Corp. v. Layoc, Jr., 537 SCRA

77 (2007)

13.3.2.1 Rationale NAWASA v. NAWASA Consolidated

Unions, 11 SCRA 766, 776 to 779 (1964)

13.3.2.2 Supervisors

are managerial

employees

National Sugar Refineries Corp. v. NLRC,

G.R. No. 101761, March 24, 1993.

13.3.3 Field personnel Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 2 (f);

Far East Agricultural Supply, Inc. v.

Lebatique, 515 SCRA 491(2007); Mercidar

Fishing Corp. v. NLRC, 297 SCRA 440

(1998); Union of Filipro Employees v.

Vivar, 205 SCRA 200 (1992)

13.3.4 Dependent family

members

13.3.5 Domestic helpers LABOR CODE, Arts. 141 &145; Omnibus

Rules, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 2 (d)

13.3.6 Persons in the

personal service of another

Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 2 (d)

13.3.7 Piece workers Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule VII, Sec. 8 (e);

Labor Congress of the Philippines v.

NLRC, 290 SCRA 509 (1998)

13.4 Normal hours of work LABOR CODE, Art. 83

13.4.1 Change in work hours

15

13.4.1.1 A

management

prerogative

Union Carbide Labor Union v. Union

Carbide Phils., Inc., 215 SCRA 554 (1992)

13.4.1.2 Compressed

work week

Department Order (D.O.) No. 21, Series of

1990, Guidelines on the Implementation of

Compressed Workweek; Department

Advisory No. 02-04; Department Advisory

No. 02-09:

Bisig Manggagawa sa Tryco v. NLRC,

G.R. No 1513098, October 15, 2008

13.5 Compensable hours of work -

in general

13.5.1 On duty LABOR CODE, Art. 84(a); Omnibus Rules,

Book III, Rule I, Sec. 3 (a) & Sec. 4 (a)

13.5.2 At work LABOR CODE, Art. 84 (b); Omnibus Rules,

Book III, Rule I, Sec. 3 (b)

13.6 Specific rules

13.6.1 Rest period

13.6.1.1 Short duration

or coffee break

LABOR CODE, Art. 84, 2nd par.; Omnibus

Rules, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 7, 2nd par.

13.6.1.2 More than 20

minutes

Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 4 (b)

13.6.2 Meal period

13.6.2.1 Regular meal

period (one hour)

LABOR CODE, Art. 85; Omnibus Rules, Book

III, Rule I, Sec. 7, 1st par.;

Philippine Airlines v. NLRC, 302 SCRA 582

(1999)

13.6.2.2 Shorter meal

period (less than one

hour but not less than

20 min.)

Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 7, 1st

par.

13.6.3 Waiting time Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 5 (a);

Arica v. NLRC, 170 SCRA 776 (89)

16

13.6.4 On call Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 5 (b)

13.6.5 Inactive due to work

interruptions

Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 4 (d);

University of Pangasinan Faculty Union

v. University of Pangasinan, G.R. No. L-

63122, February 20, 1984

13.6.6 Work after normal

hours

Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 4 (c)

13.6.7 Lectures, meeting,

trainings

Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 6

13.6.8 Travel time Rada v. NLRC, 205 SCRA 69 (1992)

13.6.9 "No Work, No Pay"

principle

University of Pangasinan Faculty Union

v. NLRC, 127 SCRA 691 (1984); Prieto v.

NLRC, 226 SCRA 232 (1993)

13.7 Overtime work/pay LABOR CODE, Arts. 87, 88, 89 & 90;

Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule I, Secs. 8, 9, &

10

13.7.1 In general LABOR CODE, Art. 87

13.7.1.1 Rationale for

overtime pay

PNB v. Phil. National Bank Employees

Association, 115 SCRA 507 (1982)

13.7.1.2 Overtime

work: voluntary/

consensual

LABOR CODE, Art. 87

Interphil Laboratories Employees' Union-

FFW v. Interphil Laboratories, Inc., G.R.

No. 142824, December 19, 2001.

13.7.1.3 Overtime

instruction, not

required

William Lines, Inc. v. Lopez, 96 SCRA 593

(1980)

13.7.1.4 But evidence

of performance of

overtime work

required

Cagampan v. NLRC, G.R. No. 85122-24,

March 22, 1991

13.7.1.5 No offsetting

of overtime with

under time

LABOR CODE, Art. 88

17

13.7.2 Emergency or

compulsory overtime work

LABOR CODE, Art. 89;

13.7.3 Computation LABOR CODE, Art. 90

13.8Night work LABOR CODE, Art. 86; Omnibus Rules, Book

III, Rule II, Secs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, & 6

14 WEEKLY REST PERIODS LABOR CODE, Arts. 91, 92 & 93; Omnibus

Rules, Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule III, Secs.

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, & 9

14.1 Coverage LABOR CODE, Arts. 82 & 91

14.2 Determination, compulsory

work; compensation

LABOR CODE, Arts. 91, 92 & 93;

15 HOLIDAYS LABOR CODE, Art. 94; R.A. No. 9849;

Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule IV

15.1 Coverage LABOR CODE, Art. 94 (a);

Mantrade/ FMMC Division Employees

and Workers Union v. Bacungan, 144

SCRA 510 (1986)

15.1.1 Exception: retail

establishment

LABOR CODE, Art. 94 (a); Rules

Implementing R.A. No. 6727, par. f

15.1.2 Exception: service

establishment

LABOR CODE, Art. 94 (a); Rules

Implementing R.A. No. 6727, par. g

15.2 Holiday pay LABOR CODE, Art. 94(c);

Asian Transmission Corp. v. CA, G.R. No.

144664, May 15, 2004

15.2.1 Faculty in private

school

Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule IV, Sec. 8 (a);

Jose Rizal College v. NLRC, 156 SCRA 27

(1987)

15.2.2 Divisor as factor Trans-Asia Phil. Employees Association v.

NLRC, 320 SCRA 347 (1999);

15.2.3 Sunday Wellington Investment Inc. v. Trajano,

245 SCRA 561 (1995)

15.2.4 Muslim holiday SMC v. CA, 375 SCRA 311 (2002)

18

16 SERVICE INCENTIVE LEAVE, PATERNITY

LEAVE AND PARENTAL LEAVE Art. 95; Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule V;

Paternity Leave Act of 1996 (RA 8187); Solo

Parents Welfare Act of 2000 (RA 8972)

16.1 Service incentive leave

coverage

LABOR CODE, Art. 95 (a) (b); Omnibus

Rules, Book III, Rule V;

Makati Haberdashery Inc. v. NLRC, 179

SCRA 449 (1989); Labor Congress v.

NLRC, 290 SCRA 509 (1998); Serrano v.

Severino Santos Transit, 627 SCRA

483(2010)

16.2 Paternity leave Paternity Leave Act of 1996 (R.A. No.

8187), Secs. 1-6; Impl. Guidelines

16.3 Parental leave Solo Parents Welfare Act of 2000 (R.A. No.

8972)

17 SERVICE CHARGES LABOR CODE, Art. 96; Omnibus Rules, Book

III, Rule VI

17.1 Covered employees/sharing LABOR CODE, Art. 96

18 MINIMUM WAGES AND WAGE FIXING

MACHINERY

18.1 Minimum wages LABOR CODE, Art. 99; CONST., Art. XIII, Sec.

3

18.1.1 Rule

18.1.1.1 No work, no

pay/ a fair days

wage for a fair days

labor

Aklan Electric Corp., Inc. v. NLRC, 323

SCRA 258 (2000); Social Security System v.

SSS Supervisors' Union, 117 SCRA

746(1982)

18.1.1.2 Equal pay for

work of equal value


International School Alliance of

Educators v. Quisumbing, G.R. No.

128845, June 1, 2000

18.1.1.3 Form:

agreement for

compensation of

services

Arms Taxi v. NLRC, 219 SCRA 306 (1993)

18.1.2 Coverage LABOR CODE, Arts. 97 (b), (c ) & (e) & 98;

19

Phil. Fisheries Development Authority v.

NLRC,213 SCRA 621 (1992)

18.1.3 Minimum wage LABOR CODE, Arts. 99, 97(f), 61, 75(c), &

80(b);

R.A. No. 9547, Sec. 2

18.1.4 Determination of

compliance with minimum

wage

Iran v. NLRC, 289 SCRA 433 (1998)

18.1.5 Facilities and

supplements/allowances

Millares v. NLRC, 305 SCRA 500 (1999); SLL

International Cables Specialist v. NLRC,

644 SCRA 411 (2011)

18.1.6 Cash

wage/commission

Songco v. NLRC, 183 SCRA 610 (1990);

Boie Takeda v. De la Serna, 228 SCRA

329 (1993); Phil. Duplicators v. NLRC, 241

SCRA 380 (1995)

18.1.7 Gratuity and

salary/wages, difference

Plastic Town Center Corp. v. NLRC, 172

SCRA 580 (1989)

18.1.8 Effect on benefits - LABOR CODE, Art. 100;

Davao Fruits Corp. v. ALU, 225 SCRA 562

(1993)

18.2 Wage-fixing machinery Wage Rationalization Act (R.A. No. 6727)

which amended Art. 120-127 & Omnibus

Rules, Book III, Rule IX

18.2.1 Rationale for wage

rationalization

RA 6727, Sec. 2

18.2.2 Agencies in wage

fixing machinery

18.2.2.1 National

Wages and

Productivity

Commission

RA 6727, Sec. 3; LABOR CODE, Arts. 120,

121 & 126

18.2.2.2 Regional

Tripartite Wages and

RA 6727, Sec. 3; LABOR CODE, Arts. 122,

126

20

Productivity Board Nasipit Lumber Co. v. NWPC, 289 SCRA

667 (98)

18.2.3 Standards/criteria for

minimum wage fixing

RA 6727, Sec. 3; LABOR CODE, Art. 124

18.2.4 Wage order LABOR CODE, Arts. 123 & 124

18.2.4.1 Methods of

fixing

18.2.4.1.1 Floor

wage method

18.2.4.1.2

Salary - ceiling

method

Employers Confederation of the

Philippines v. NWPC, 201 SCRA 759 (1991)

18.2.4.2 Validity Cagayan Sugar Milling Co. v. Secretary,

284 SCRA 150 (1998); Metropolitan Bank

and Trust Company, Inc. v. NWPC, 514

SCRA 346(2007)

18.2.4.3 Wage

distortion


Prubankers Association v. Prudential

Bank & Trust Co., 302 SCRA 74 (1999); P.I.

Manufacturing, Inc., v. P.I.

Manufacturing Supervisors and

Foremen Association, 543 SCRA 613

(2008)

18.3 WAGE PAYMENT AND

PROTECTION

LABOR CODE, Arts. 102, 103, 104, &105;

Civil Code, Art. 1705

18.3.1 Form of payment LABOR CODE, Art. 102; Civil Code, Art.

1705;

Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule VIII, Secs. 1 &

2;

Congson v. NLRC, 243 SCRA 260 (1995)

18.3.2 Time of payment LABOR CODE, Art. 103; Sec. 3

18.3.3 Place of payment LABOR CODE, Art. 104; Sec. 4

18.3.4 Direct payment of LABOR CODE, Art. 105; Omnibus Rules,

21

wages Book III, Rule VIII, Secs. 5 & 6;

Bermiso v. Escano Inc., 105 Phil. 231

(1959)

18.4 WAGE PROHIBITIONS

18.4.1 Prohibition against

interference in disposal of

wages

LABOR CODE, Art. 112; Omnibus Rules,

Book III, Rule VIII, Sec. 12


wage deduction


Book III, Rule VIII, Sec. 13;

Apodaca v. NLRC, 172 SCRA 442 (1989)


requirement to make

deposits for loss or damage

LABOR CODE, Art. 114 & 115; Omnibus

Rules, Book III, Rule VIII, Sec. 14;

Dentech Manufacturing Corp. v. NLRC,

172 SCRA 588 (1989); Five J Taxi v. NLRC,

235 SCRA 556 (1994)


withholding of wages

LABOR CODE, Art.116; Civil Code, Art. 1706


deduction to ensure

employment

LABOR CODE, Art. 117


retaliatory measures



false reporting


Book III, Rule X, Sec. 13

18.4.8 Prohibition

against keeping of

employees records

in a place other than

the workplace

Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule X, Sec. 11;

South Motorists Enterprises v. Tosoc, 181

SCRA 386 (1990)

18.4.9 Prohibition

against garnishment/

execution

Civil Code, Art. 1708;

Gaa v. CA, 140 SCRA 304 (1985)

18.5 WORKERS PREFERENCE IN THE LABOR CODE, Art. 110; Civil Code, 1707,

2241, 2242, 2244;

22

EVENT OF BANKRUPTCY DBP v. Secretary of Labor, G.R. 79351,

November 28, 1989; Barayoga v. Asset

Privatization Trust, 473 SCRA 690 (2005)

18.6 WAGE RECOVERY/

JURISDICTION

LABOR CODE, Arts. 128, 129, 217, & 111;

Balladares v. Paek Ventures Corp., G.R.

No. 161794, June 16, 2009; Meteoro v.

Creative Creatures, Inc., G.R. No. 171275,

July 13, 2009.

19 Thirteenth month pay Pres. Decree No. 851

19.1 History of the law Dentech Manufacturing Corp. v. NLRC,

172 SCRA 588 (1989)

19.2 Coverage Revised Guidelines on the Implementation

of 13th Month Pay Law (Revised

Guidelines);

Archilles Manufacturing Corp. v. NLRC,

244 SCRA 750 (1995)

19.3 Rationale P.D. No. 851 -(Whereas Clauses)

19.4 Amount and date of payment Revised Guidelines, Sec. 4

19.4.1 Basic

wage/commissions

Revised Guidelines, Sec. 4;

Songco v. NLRC, 183 SCRA 610 (1990);

Boie Takeda v. dela Serna, 228 SCRA 329

(1993); Phil. Duplicators Inc. v. NLRC, 241

SCRA 380 (1995); Iran v. NLRC, 289 SCRA

433 (1998)

19.4.2 Substitute payment Framanlis Farms, Inc. v. MOLE, 171 SCRA

87 (1989)

20 Bonus

20.1 Nature: Phil. Duplicators Inc. v. NLRC, 241 SCRA

380 (1995)

20.2 Definition; when demandable Producers Bank of the Philippines v.

NLRC, 355 SCRA 489 (2001; Eastern

Telecomunications Phil. Inc. v. Eastern

Telecoms Union, G.R. No. 185665,

February 8, 2012

21 Working conditions for special group

23

of workers

21.1 WOMEN LABOR CODE, Art. 130, 131, 132, 133, 134,

135, 136, 137, &138; Omnibus Rules, Book

III, Rule XII. See also Women in

Development and Nation Building Act, R.A.

No. 7192 (1992); and Anti-Sexual

Harassment Act of 1995, R.A. No. 7877

21.1.1 Women under the

Constitution - Art. II, Sec. 14;

Art. XIII, Sec. 14

Phil. Telegraph and Telephone Co., v.

NLRC, 272 SCRA 596 (1997)

21.1.2 Coverage Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule XII, Sec. 1

21.1.3 Prohibited acts

21.1.3.1 Night

work/exception

LABOR CODE, Arts. 130, & 131; R.A. No.

10151

21.1.3.2

Discrimination


21.1.3.3 Stipulation

against marriage

LABOR CODE, Art. 136; Philippine

Telegraph and Telephone Co. v. NLRC,

272 SCRA 596 (1997); Star Paper Corp. v.

Simbol, 487 SCRA 228(2006)

21.1.3.4 Discharge on

account of

pregnancy


21.1.4 Facilities LABOR CODE, Arts. 132 & 134

21.1.5 Special women

workers


21.1.6 Maternity leave Social Security Act of 1997, RA No. 8282,

Sec. 14-A

21.1.7 Sexual harassment RA No. 7877 ;

Domingo v. Rayala, G.R. No. 155831,

February 18, 2008

21.2 MINORS LABOR CODE, Arts.139 &140; Omnibus

Rules, Book III, Rule XII, Secs. 2 & 3; Special

24

Protection of Children Against Abuse,

Exploitation and Discrimination Act (R.A.

No. 7610), as amended by the Special

Protection of Children Act (R.A. No. 7658)

21.2.1 Minors under the

Constitution

CONST, Art. II, Sec. 13

21.2.2 Coverage Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule XII, Sec. 1

21.2.3 Working children LABOR CODE, Art. 139 ; RA 7610, as

amended, Secs. 12-16; DOLE Memo

Circular No. 2, s. 1998 Re: Hazardous and

non-hazardous establishments

21.2.4 Discrimination LABOR CODE, Art. 140

21.3 HOUSEHELPERS/ CAREGIVERS R.A. No. 10361; Implementing Rules and

Regulations of R.A. No. 10361;

ILO Domestic Workers Convention, 2011

(No. 189)

21.4 PROJECT EMPLOYMENT LABOR CODE, Art. 280 1st par.;

PNOC Energy Development Corp. v. NLRC,

G.R. No. 169353, April 13, 2007; Aro v. NLRC,

G.R. No. 174792, March 7, 2012; William

Construction Corp. v. Trinidad, G.R. No.

183250, March 12, 2010;

21.5 CASUAL EMPLOYEES

LABOR CODE, Art. 280 2nd par.; Omnibus

Rules, Book VI, Rule 1, Sec. 5 (b)

21.5.1 Nature of work Dealco Farms, Inc. v. NLRC, G.R. No.

153192, January 30, 2009

21.5.2 One year service Kimberly-Clark (Phils.), Inc. v. Secretary

of Labor,G.R. No. 156668, November 23,

2007

21.6 FIXED-TERM EMPLOYEES Brent School v. Zamora, G.R. Mo. L-48494,

February 5, 1990; Price v. Innodata Phil.,

Inc., G.R. No. 178505, September 30, 2008

21.7 SEASONAL EMPLOYEES Cebu Metal Corp. v. Saliling, G.R. No.

154463, September 5, 2006; Hacienda

Bino v. Cuenca, 456 SCRA 300 (2005)

25

21.8 PROBATIONARY EMPLOYEES LABOR CODE, Art. 281; 61, 2nd sentence;

Omnibus Rules, Book VI, Rule I, Sec. 6;

LABOR CODE, Art. 75 (d)

21.8.1 Definition/purpose Woodridge School v. Pe Benito, G.R. No.

160240, October 29, 2008; Cebu Marine

Beach Resort v. NLRC, G.R. No. 143252,

Oct. 23, 2003

21.8.2 Duration:

rule/exception

A Prime Security Services, Inc. v. NLRC,

322 SCRA 283 (2000); Canadian

Opportunities Unlimited, Inc. v. Dalangin,

G.R. No. 172223, February 6, 2012

21.8.3 Extension of contract Phil. Federation etc. v. NLRC, G.R. No.

121071, December 11, 1998

21.8.4 Standards - not

determined

Davao Contractors Development

Cooperative v. Pasawa, G.R. No. 172174,

July 9, 2009

21.8.5 Private school

teachers -- rule

Lacuesta v. Ateneo de Manila

University, 477 SCRA 217 (2005); Aklan

College, Inc. v. Guarino, G.R. No. 152949,

August 14, 2007

Part V

Termination of Employment

22 General Concepts

22.1 Coverage LABOR CODE, Art. 278

22.2 Security of tenure LABOR CODE, Art. 279;

22.2.1 Nature of

right/rationale

Llosa Tan v. Silahis International Hotel,

181 SCRA 738 (1990); City Services Corp.

Workers v. City Services Corp., 135 SCRA

564 (1985)

22.2.2 Coverage Inter Orient Maritime Enterprises, Inc. v.

NLRC, 235 SCRA 268 (1994); Woodridge

School v. Pe Benito, G.R. No. 160240,

October 29, 2008

22.2.3 Requisites of valid

termination

Ting v. CA, G.R. No, 146174, July 12, 2006

26

22.2.4 Measure of penalty Bago v. NLRC, G.R. No. 170001, April 4,

2007; Sagales v. Rustans Commercial

Corp., G.R. No. 166554, November 27,

2008.; Negros Slashers, Inc. v. Teng, G.R.

No. 187122, February 22, 2012

23 Termination of employment By

employee

23.1 Resignation Virgen Shipping Corp. v. Barraquio, G.R.

No. 178127, April 16, 2009; Casa Cebuana

Incorporada v. Leuterio, G.R. No.

176040, September 4, 2009; Mora v.

Avesco Marketing Corp., G.R. No.

177414, November 14, 2008

23.1.1 Just causes LABOR CODE, Art. 285 (b)

23.1.2 Without just cause LABOR CODE, Art. 285 (a)

23.2 Performance of military or

civic duty


Book VI, Rule I, Sec. 12

24 Termination of employment by

employer

24.1 Substantive requirements - just

causes

LABOR CODE, Art. 282; 279; 277 (b)

24.1.1 Basis - management

prerogative

Ocean East Agency Corp. v. NLRC, 287

SCRA 546 (1998)

24.1.2 Serious

misconduct/willful

disobedience

(insubordination)

LABOR CODE, Art. 282 (a);

Yabut v. MERALCO, G.R. No. 190436,

January 16, 2012;

First Dominion Resources Corp. v.

Penaranda, 480 SCRA 504 (2006);

Bascon v. CA, 422 SCRA 122 (2004);

Lores Realty Enterprises, Inc., v. Virginia

E. Pacia, G.R. No. 171189, March 9,

2011.

24.1.3 Gross and habitual

neglect of duties

LABOR CODE, Art. 282 (b);

Talidano v. Falcon Maritime and Allied

27

Services, Inc., G.R. No. 172031, July 14,

2008; School fo the Holy Spirit of Quezon

City v. Taguiam, G.R. No. 165565, July 14,

2008; Eastern Overseas Employment

Center, Inc. v. Bea, 476 SCRA 384 (2005)

24.1.4 Loss of trust and

confidence

LABOR CODE, Art. 282 (c);

James Ben L. Jerusalem v. Keppel

Monte Bank, et al.,G.R. No. 169564. April 6,

2011; Salas v. Aboitiz One, Inc., G.R. No.

178236, June 27, 2008; Eats-cetera Food

Services Outlet v. Letran, G.R. 179507,

October 2, 2009

24.1.5 Commission of crime LABOR CODE, Art. 282 (d)

24.1.6 Analogous causes LABOR CODE, Art. 282 (e);

Heavylift Manila, Inc. v. CA, 473 SCRA

541 (2005); John Hancock Life Insurance

Corp. v. Davis, G.R. 169549, September 3,

2008; Yrasuegui v. PAL, G.R. No. 168081,

October 17, 2008

24.1.7 Others

24.1.7.1

Abandonment

Harpoon Marine Services, Inc. v.

Francisco, GR No. 167751, March 2, 2011.

24.1.7.2 Courtesy

resignation

Batongbacal v. Associated Bank, 168

SCRA 600 (1988)

24.1.7.3 Change of

ownership

Manlimos v. NLRC, 242 SCRA 145 (1995)

24.1.7.4 Habitual

absenteeism

Quiambao v. Manila Electric Co., G.R.

No. 171023, December 18, 2009

24.1.7.5 Fixed-term

employment

Medenilla v. PVB, G.R. No. 127673; March

13, 2000; Pamantasan v. Civil Service

Commission, 241 SCRA 506 (1995)

24.1.7.6 Past offenses McDonald's (Katipunan Branch) v.

Alba, G.R. 156382, December 18, 2008

24.1.7.7 Immorality

28

24.1.7.8 Conviction of

crime

Sampaguita Garments Corp. v. NLRC,

233 SCRA 260 (1994)

24.1.8 Constructive dismissal Gilles v. CA, G.R. No. 149273, June 5, 2009.

Chiang Kai Shek College v. CA, 437

SCRA 171 (2004). La Rosa v. Ambassador

Hotel, G.R. No. 177059, March 13, 2009

24.1.9 Transfer Aguanza v. Asian Terminal Inc., G.R. No.

163505, August 14, 2009; Herida v. F&C

Pawnshop and Jewelry Store, G.R. No.

172601, April 16, 2009; PLDT v. Paguio, 472

SCRA 453 (2005)

24.1.10 Promotion Phil. Telegraph v. CA, G.R. No. 152057,

Sept. 29, 2003

24.1.11 Preventive

suspension

Old Omnibus Rules, Book V, Rule XXIV, Secs.

3 & 4;

Philippine Airlines Inc. v. NLRC, 292 SCRA

40 (1998)

24.1.12 Residency training Felix v. Buenaseda, 240 SCRA 139 (1995)

24.2 Substantive requirements -

business related causes


24.3 Basis - employer right Edge Apparel Inc. v. NLRC, 286 SCRA 302

(1998); Elleccion v. NLRC, G.R. No. 184735,

September 17, 2009

24.4 Business-related or authorized

causes:

24.4.1 Installation of labor-

saving devices


24.4.2 Retrenchment to

prevent losses


Flight Attendants & Stewards

Association of the Philippines v. PAL,

G.R. No. 178083, July 22, 2008; Emcor, Inc.

v. Sienes, G.R. No. 152101, September 8,

2009; Metro Construction Inc. v. Aman,

G.R. No. 168324, October 12, 2009

24.4.3 Redundancy LABOR CODE, Art. 283;

29

Lowe Inc. v. CA, G.R. No. 164813, August

14, 2009; AMA v. Garcia, G.R. No. 166703,

April 14, 2008

24.4.4 Closure of business LABOR CODE, Art. 283;

Eastridge Golf Club Inc. v. Eastridge

Golf Club Inc. Labor Union, G.R. No.

166760, August 22, 2008; Elcee Farms, Inc.

v. NLRC, G.R. No. 126428, January 25, 2007

24.4.5 Temporary closure LABOR CODE, Art. 286;

Valdez v. NLRC, 286 SCRA 87 (1998);

Eagle Star Security Services, Inc. v.

Mirando, G.R. No. 179512, July 30, 2009

24.5 Disease LABOR CODE, Art. 284;

Duterte v. Kingswood Trading Co., G.R.

No. 160325, October 4, 2007; Crayon

Processing v. Pula, G.R. No. 167727, July

30, 2007

25 Procedural requirements LABOR CODE, Art. 277 (b);

Omnibus Rules, Book VI, Rule I, Secs. 1, 2 &

3

25.1 In general Phil. Movie Pictures Workers' Assciation

v. Premiere Productions, Inc., 92 Phil. 843

(1953);

Agabon v. NLRC, 442 SCRA 573 (2004);

King of Kings Transport, Inc. v. Mamac,

G.R. No. 166208, June 29, 2007

25.2 Right to counsel Salaw v. NLRC, 202 SCRA 7 (1991)

25.3 Notice Casa Cebuana Incorporada v.

Leuterio, G.R. No. 176040, September 4,

2009

25.4 Hearing Perez v. Philippine Telegraph and

Telephone Co., G.R. No. 152048, April 7,

2009; Suico. v. NLRC, G.R. No. 146762,

January 30, 2007

25.5 Decision - award Dela Cruz v. Maerks Filipinas Crewing,

Inc., G.R. No. 172038, April 14, 2008

30

25.6 Burden of proof Macasero v. Southern Industrial Gases

Phil., G.R. No. 178524, January 30, 2009;

Gallego v. Bayer Phil., Inc., G.R. No.

179807, July 31, 2009

25.7 Degree of proof Mitsubishi Motors Phils. Corp. v. Simon,

G.R. No. 164081, April 16, 2008; Rentokil

(Initial) Phil., Inc. v. Sanchez, G.R. No.

176219, December 23, 2008.

25.8 Prescription Callanta v. Carnation Phil., Inc., 145 Scra

268 (1986)

26 Reliefs/remedies in illegal dismissal LABOR CODE, Arts. 279 & 223

26.1 Reinstatement

26.1.1 Definition Pheschem Industrial Corp. v. Moldez,

458 SCRA 339 (2005); Citytrust Banking

Corp. v. NLRC, G.R. No. 104860; July 11,

1996

26.1.2 Reinstatement

pending appeal Pfizer, Inc., et al. v. Velasco, G.R. No.

177467, March 9, 2011.

26.1.3 Exceptions

26.1.3.1 Closure of

business Philippine Engineering Corp. v. CIR, 41

SCRA 102 (1971)

26.1.3.2 Prayer is for

separation pay in lieu

of reinstatement

Citytrucking, Inc. v. Balajadia, G.R. No.

160769, August 9, 2006; Pheschem

Industrial Corp. v. Moldez, 458 SCRA 339

(2005)

26.1.3.3 Economic

business conditions Electruck Asia, Inc. v. Meris, 435 SCRA

310 (2004; Union Supervisors etc. v. Sec.

Of Labor 128 SCRA 442 (1984)

26.1.3.4 Employees'

unsuitability Divine Word High School v. NLRC, 143

SCRA 346 (1986)

26.1.3.5 Employees

retirement/overage Citytrust Banking Corp. v. NLRC, G.R. No.

104860; July 11, 1996

26.1.3.6 Strained

relations Acesite Corp. v. NLRC, 449 SCRA 360

(2005); Pentagon Steel Corp. v. CA,

G.R. No. 174141, June 26, 2009.; Cabigting

31

v. San Miguel Foods Inc.,G.R. No. 167706,

November 5, 2009

26.1.3.7 Not Feasible Goma v. Pamplona Plantation, Inc.,

G.R. No. 160905, July 4, 2008

26.1.3. 8 Offer to

reinstate

Ranara v. NLRC, 212 SCRA 631 (1992)

26.2 Backwages

26.2.1Effect of failure to

order

Asian Terminals, Inc. v. NLRC, G.R. No.

158458, December 19, 2007.

26.2.2 Computation Triad Security and Allied Services, Inc. v.

Ortega, Jr., 481 SCRA 591 (2006);

Philippine Journalists, Inc. v. Mosqueda,

429 SCRA 369 (2004); PLDT v. Paguio 472

SCRA 453 (2005); Torres v. Rural Bank of San

Juan, Inc., G.R. No. 184520, March 13, 2013.

26.3 Damages and attorneys fees M + W Zander Phil., Inc. v. Enriquez, G.R.

No. 169173, June 5, 2009.

26.4 Separation pay Siemens Phil., Inc. v. Domingo, G.R. No.

150488, July 28, 2008; Nissan North EDSA

Balintawak v. Serrano, G.R. No. 162538,

June 4, 2009.

26.4.1 Computation/

rationale

Businessday Information Systems and

Services, Inc. v. NLRC, 221 SCRA 9 (1993;

PLDT v. NLRC, 164 SCRA (1988); Songco v.

NLRC, 183 SCRA 610 (1990);

26.4.2 Effect of receipt Amkor Technology Phil., Inc. v.

Juangco, G.R. No. 166507, September 27,

2006

26.5 Interest Nacar v. Gallery Frames, G.R. No. 189871,

August 13, 2013.

26.6 Financial assistance

26.5.1 When allowed/not

allowed

Luna v. Allado Construction Company,

Inc., G.R. No. 175251,May 30, 2011;

Apacible v. Multimed Industries, et

al.,G.R. No. 178903,May 30, 2011 ; Bristol

Myers Squibb v. Baban, G.R. 167449,

32

December 17, 2008; Phil. Long Distance

Tel. Co. v. NLRC, 164 SCRA 671 (1988).

26.7 Indemnity Arms Taxi v. NLRC, 219 SCRA 306 (1993)

26.8 Solidary liabilty of corporate

officers Harpoon Marine Services, Inc. v.

Francisco, GR No. 167751, March 2, 2011.

27 Retirement LABOR CODE, Art. 287; Retirement Pay Law

(RA No. 7641); Implementing Rules;

Labor Advisory on Retirement Pay (Oct.

1999);

Oxales v. Unilab, G.R. No. 152991, July 21,

2008; Quevedo v. Benguet Electric

Cooperative, Inc., G.R. No. 168927,

September 11, 2009

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Labor Standards - Atty. Domingo Anonuevo

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