Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering University of Waterloo Laboratory Health and Safety Manual Contacts, Regulations and Guidelines for Undergraduate Students This Manual and Regulations are applicable t o all undergraduate students working or conducting experimental work in the Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering. Everyone must sign a Health and Safety Declaration sheet; otherwise, Permission to be in the Labs or Students’ Workshop will be refused. The MME online safety quiz is also recommended for students and visitors working in labs and can be found at: http://www.safetyoffice.uwaterloo.ca/hse/online_training/MTE/MTE.html Last Revised: May 2012
Transcript
Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering
University of Waterloo
Laboratory Health and Safety Manual
Contacts, Regulations and Guidelines
for Undergraduate Students
This Manual and Regulations are applicable to all undergraduate students working or conducting experimental work in the
Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering.
Everyone must sign a Health and Safety Declaration sheet; otherwise,
Permission to be in the Labs or Students’ Workshop will be refused.
The MME online safety quiz is also recommended for students and visitors working in labs and can be found at:
Department of Mechanical Engineering: Marlene Dolson (E5-3051) 33328
Department Chair: Fathy Ismail (E5-3027) 84508
Laboratory Director: Michael Herz (E3-2111) 33026
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FIRST AID
People Trained in First Aid are: Name Building Phone Expiry Date Andy Barber E3-2111B Ext. 32104 November 24, 2013 Debbie Collins E5-3031 Ext. 31407 June 10, 2012 Mike Collins ERC-3009 Ext. 33655 Yuguan Ding E3-2117C Ext 33766 Marlene Dolson E5-3051 Ext 33328 May 30, 2014 Richard Gordon E3-2137 Ext. 35124 October 12, 2012 Mike Herz E3-2111 Ext. 33026 Donna Kellendonk E5-3022 Ext 33343 November 22, 2014 Celia McGill E3-3167 Ext. 38045 December 8, 2012 Martha Morales E2-2354D Ext. 36924 November 23, 2014 Chris Pringle E5-3037 Ext. 37498 May 30, 2014 Robert Wagner DC-1705 Ext 33727 November 30, 2013 Mike Willson E2-2354B Ext. 33711 June 2012
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ACCIDENTS
In case of an accident follow the instructions posted in each Laboratory, or
1. Small injuries during normal business hours should be managed at our primary First Aid Station in E3-2108H. There is a sink and a First Aid Kit there. If you are not sure that you could make it there safely, call for help or get to a phone and dial 22222. Mechanical Engineering Department staff who are trained in First Aid are listed on Page 1 of this Safety Manual.
2. Severe injury cases should be handled by calling 911. On placing an
emergency call, the Campus Police automatically receive a signal, and display indicates the exact location of the call to which an officer is then immediately dispatched. If the emergency is not in the same location as the call is placed, someone should wait near the phone from which the call was made to direct the officer to the scene.
3. If in any doubt, call the UW Police at 22222 who can help with any issue.
4. Review the use of emergency eye/face washes and showers at our Safety’
Office’s webpage: http://www.safetyoffice.uwaterloo.ca/hse/eyewash/eyewash_standard.htm. We have the following devices installed in Mechanical Engineering labs:
• E3-2101 Eye/Face Wash/Drench Hose • E3-2105 Eye/Face Wash/Drench Hose • E3-2118E Eye/Face Wash and Shower Combination • E3-2126 Mens Washroom - Showers • E3-2137 Eye/Face Wash/Drench Hose • These stations are shown on the maps at the end of this document.
5. All accidents, no matter how small, must be reported within 24 hours to the
Lab Director, Michael Herz, E3-2111 ext. 33026, or the Mechanical Engineering Department Secretary. This is a Government (Worker’s Compensation Act) requirement and could result in a FINE if ignored.
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FIRES
If you discover a fire:
1. Actuate the nearest wall mounted fire alarm (pull station).
2. Do not attempt to extinguish the fire.
3. Close the window(s) if possible.
4. If possible, shut down the experiment or turn off associate services.
5. Do not waste time gathering papers or personal belongings.
6. Vacate the area, and close door(s).
7. Leave the building. WALK, DO NOT RUN. DO NOT USE AN ELEVATOR.
8. Report to the Fire Department if anyone is suspected of still being in the building after the general evacuation.
9. Obey the Fire Wardens. Fire Wardens are assigned to Evacuation Areas
and Exit Doors. You can find the list of current Fire Wardens for each building on the Safety Office web page: http://www.safetyoffice.uwaterloo.ca/hse/fire/building_evac_proc.html.
NOTE: It is the responsibility of each instructor, teaching assistant (TA) and supervisor to co-ordinate the evacuation of persons associated with activities under his/her direction.
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SAFETY PRACTICES IN THE LABORATORY
Safe practice is an attitude and a knowledgeable awareness of potential hazards. Safety is a mutual responsibility and requires the full co-operation of everyone in the laboratory. This co-operation means that each student and instructor will observe safety precautions and procedures. Thoroughly acquaint yourself with the location and use of safety facilities. Become familiar with safety precautions and emergency procedures before undertaking any laboratory work. Familiarize yourself with the method of operation, and all hazards involved, before commencing an experiment. See that necessary safety equipment is readily available and in useable condition.
SAFETY RULES FOR THE MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY
The practice of safety in the laboratory requires:
A. The desire on the part of the individual to protect themselves and their associates and
B. The need to follow a set of rules. The former can be termed safety morale and is an essential part of accident prevention. The following rules must be rigidly and impartially enforced. Non-compliance may result in dismissal or suspension from the laboratory.
1. The beginning of safe operation is an understanding of what is to be done and how the equipment operates. It is your responsibility to familiarize yourself with the experiment, equipment, recording facilities, etc. before beginning the actual work, so that you are not forced into panic actions. Seek advice, if necessary, from Technicians (if you are in the Student Machine Shop, seek advice f rom the Supervisor). The Laboratory Director, Technicians and the Student Shop Supervisor have full authority to stop any work which, in their judgement, is considered unsafe.
2. Never operate equipment alone; make certain that others present know how to react in an emergency. This is especially important when working in the evening or at night; operate a ‘buddy’ system in case an emergency arises. Always warn others of possible hazards, and do not engage in horseplay.
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3. Some equipment (machine tools, presses, furnaces, etc.) present special hazards. Consider the consequences of every move before you make it. Remove all tools, specimens, etc. that may fall between or be in the way or fly off of, rotating or moving parts. A common example is the key used to tighten the chuck of a lathe.
4. If something goes wrong, do not panic. Think, take your time, and then act.
You must know how to stop a machine in an emergency mode. Never try to retrieve a situation by reaching between moving parts, or by grabbing hot, corrosive, etc., surfaces.
5. Safety glasses must be worn during any cutting, grinding, chipping or sawing
operations on all materials such as concrete, ferrous and non-ferrous metals and alloys, ceramics, plastics, wood, etc. In addition, splash goggles and face guards must be worn if there is a possibility of a liquid jet erupting, or solid debris flying, or intense heat radiation. Safety glasses, splash goggles and face guards are available in the Manufacturing Lab, Room E3-2137; High Pressure Lab, Room E3-2105; Materials Lab, Room E3-2119; Thermal Lab, Room E3-2108; and Engineering Student Shop, Room E3-2101.
6. Special glasses are required in specific areas: Welding goggles for arc or
oxyacetylene welding. Laser goggles when working with a laser. These are specific to individual laser wave lengths. There are several high power (Class III or Class IV) laser units in the labs which could cause severe eye and tissue damage. Remove all reflecting objects such as rings, medallions, etc. Do not approach too close to the laser beam. Note: Laser Safety Program (contact Ian Fraser at ext 36268).
7. Clothing and Protective Footwear:
a. Protective footwear must be worn in all labs and machine shop areas. b. If carrying out arc welding, any exposed skin should be covered to
prevent burns from radiation. A leather apron should be worn, when appropriate, to prevent burns from metal splatter.
c. Safety hats must be worn when there is a chance of objects falling, or cutting or bruising your head on projectiles. Hats are available in the Fluids Lab, and from the Lab Director.
d. Appropriate gloves must be worn when working with corrosive fluids, hot furnaces, sharp objects, etc. Gloves are available or may be requested from the Technicians. Ear protection must be worn in high noise areas. They are available from Richard Gordon, Room E3-2137A.
e. Respirator masks are available for work in an atmosphere that contains
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noxious fumes and/or particulates, but several days notice may be required by the Lab Technicians to order this type of equipment.
Note: When working around equipment with moving parts, it is imperative that long hair be covered in a net or tied up, no ties are worn, loose clothing is tied back, and jewellery is removed (better to remove a wedding ring than have it and a finger torn off by the equipment).
8. Use tongs, grips, holders, etc. for placing specimens and workpieces into hot,
or potentially dangerous equipment.
9. Maintain an orderly work area at all times. If you spill something, wipe it up (or get it cleaned up) immediately.
10. If equipment is to be left in operation unattended, a sign must be posted,
with the names of the operator and supervisor together with phone numbers.
11. Unless otherwise instructed, return all tools, equipment and unused specimens to the designated area or person, switch off equipment and pull plugs from electrical outlets.
12. Report all equipment faults, breakage, or unsafe conditions to the
Laboratory Technicians immediately, who in turn will inform the Laboratory Director within 24 hours.
13. Before using any chemicals or other potentially hazardous materials, a student
must familiarize himself with its properties, hazard ratings, and safe handling procedures. Some useful references are available in E3-2119D in the Materials Lab. If in any doubt, a student must contact their Supervisor, Lab Director or Laboratory Technicians, before proceeding.
14. The smoking of cigarettes, cigars, or pipes is forbidden throughout the
University of Waterloo buildings except in a few designated areas.
15. The consumption of alcohol is forbidden throughout the University of Waterloo premises, except in licensed rooms.
16. Bicycles are prohibited inside University buildings.
In addition to the above stated safety rules, when working in the laboratory, familiarize yourself with the location of the First Aid Kits, safety showers, eye wash stations, etc.
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ENGINEERING STUDENT SHOP IN E5-1101D:
Supervisor: John Potzold, Ext 32301.
This facility provides various equipment to help with hands-on student projects. The shop hours are 8:30 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. Monday through Fridays, and 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. on Saturdays.
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ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
The “Recognized Certification Agency marking” signifies that the equipment meets certain government standards. In general, it gives assurances that
1. Proper grounding has been established 2. There are no bare terminals 3. Insulation is adequate 4. C S A , E S A , or equivalent approval requirements have been met
NOTE: see attached symbols Equipment built specifically for research also has to meet these requirements. The dangers of electronic current:
1. D.C. and low-frequency a.c. travels through the body fluids. A normal dry skin will give about 10 kΩ between the hands. Hence for 120V a.c., a current of 12mA will flow through the body. This will cause pain to a normal healthy adult. Any sweat on the hands will greatly reduce (by a factor of ten) the resistance, and increase current flow. “Let-go” current threshold is 16mA Respiratory paralysis 25-100 mA Probable death 100 mA
2. High frequency a.c. travels over the tissue surface; that is why you can stand the 15,000V, low current acting on a spark plug. Measuring between points on the surface of tissue the resistance is 300Ω/in. This is significantly lower when tissue is moist due to emotion or stress, causing the skin to sweat.
3. The rule is: do not touch live equipment. If you must, keep one hand in your pocket, so that shock does not travel through the body across the heart. This improves the chances of survival. • keep hands dry • use rubber shoes and stand on a rubber mat • be very careful to discharge all capacitors, especially those associated
with CRT tubes, i.e. in video terminals, etc.
NOISE
Noise is not a significant problem at the University of Waterloo, but you will be aware of it in industry. Surveys show that the average noise level to which a person is subjected in industry has been rising at a rate of around 1 dB/year. The increase has been so gradual that most people do not notice it. Millions of people suffer from hearing loss later in life from work conditions and, more recently, leisure noise (particularly snowmobiles and rock music).
CSA Certification for Electrical Devices/Equipment All electrical devices/equipment being used whether purchased or fabricated is required to bear an acceptable Inspection sticker. Please ensure that all equipment has been inspected. Here are the accepted labels:
It is imperative that all equipment being purchased is approved or modified and inspected before use. Please advise all students building projects and any staff constructing equipment of these requirements. Please note the following Rulings: Specifically, the Code states –
Rule: 2-022 Sale or Other Disposal and Use • No person shall use, advertise, display, sell, offer for sale or other disposal any electrical equipment unless it has been approved in accordance with Rule 2-024 and Ontario Regulation 438/07. Rule: 2-024 Approval of Electrical Equipment • Electrical equipment is deemed to be approved if it has been approved according to the process set out in section 2 of Ontario Regulation 438/07.
The Electrical Safety Authority (ESA) recognizes certification bodies and field evaluation agencies accredited by the Standards Council of Canada to certify or evaluate electrical products or devices. Only equipment bearing a recognized mark or label is deemed to be approved. A list of recognized marks and labels is available on our website.
Failure to comply with these Rules or the Regulation is an offence and upon conviction, a person or director/officer of a corporation could be found liable to a fine of up to $50,000 and/or imprisonment of not more than one year. A corporation may be found liable to a fine up to $1,000,000.
ESA also has the authority to order products be quarantined, seized or forfeited to the Crown for disposal. PROVINCIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR EXHIBITING ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AT TRADE SHOWS The Ontario Electrical Safety Code (Ontario Regulation 10/02) is the provincial regulation that defines the requirements for electrical installations and electrical products in Ontario. The Electrical Safety Authority is responsible for enforcement of the Ontario Electrical Safety Code. Rule 2-022 of the Ontario Electrical Safety Code requires that any electrical equipment that is being displayed, offered for sale, or used in any show/convention/or similar exhibition MUST BE APPROVED. At Trade Shows, unapproved electrical equipment will only be permitted when the Electrical Safety Authority gives permission. Electrical equipment is considered approved if it bears the certification mark or Field Evaluation label of an organization that has been accredited by the Standards Council of Canada to approve electrical equipment. If these markings are missing, the equipment is considered to be unapproved. Bulletin 2-7-11 shows all approved certification marks or Field Evaluation markings accepted in Ontario. Here are the exemptions:
Exceptions to Product Approval Requirements
Equipment that is Battery Operated or Connected to a Class 2 Circuit The OESC Rule 2-022(3) specifies some exceptions to electrical product approval requirements. Electrical equipment does not require approval if it is connected to the load side of an approved Class 2 power supply whose power output does not exceed 100 V•A and is operating at less than 42.4 V peak or DC, with the exception of:
• Luminaires*, decorative lighting strings, signs or displays with incandescent or halogen lamps;
• luminaires, decorative lighting strings, signs or displays incorporating a ballast with
operating voltages greater than 42.4 volts peak or 42.4 DC;
• electromedical equipment;
• equipment for hazardous locations as defined under OESC Sections 18 and 20 of the Code; or
• equipment that incorporates heating elements.
* The OESC defines a luminaire as a complete lighting unit designed to accommodate the lamp(s) and to connect the lamp(s) to circuit conductors. Clarification: Peak voltage (Vpk) is the maximum (peak) voltage that the AC signal attains. The most useful way to describe the potential of an AC signal is to use Vrms. Vrms measures AC signals in a way that gives a voltage value that is equal to what the voltage would be if it were converted to a DC signal. Most Volt-Ohm meters will read AC signals in Vrms. To convert to Vrms multiply Vpk by 0.707. To convert back to Vpk multiply Vrms by 1.414. If you do not want to use an approved product, then the Class 2 circuit needs to meet the requirements of Rule 16-200 and have an output less than 42.4 volts peak or 42.4 volts DC, even though a Class 2 circuit can be higher than these values. Although Rule 2-022(3) states that some equipment does not require approval, the equipment still needs to be “acceptable for the particular application.” If the equipment presents an undue hazard under the circumstances, an inspector can deem it to be “unacceptable.” Approval Requirements for Luminaires Rule 2-022(3)(c)(i)and (ii)
1)
• Luminaires intended for installation on branch circuits not exceeding 600 V require approval.
• Portable luminaires operating at 120V nominal require approval.
2) A luminaire connected to an external power supply certified and marked as Class 2, meeting the requirements of CSA C22.1 and OESC Rule 16-200, requires approval if:
• A luminaire contains a halogen or incandescent lamp. The complete lighting unit including the power supply requires approval in order to ensure the enclosure can withstand the heat produced by the halogen or incandescent lamp.
t
4) A luminaire with LEDs is not required to be approved if connected to an external power supply that is certified and marked as Class 2, meeting the requirements of CSA C22.1 and OESC Rule 16-200. Fluorescent and HID Lamps, Not Self Ballasted There are currently no Canadian product standards for these types of lamps; therefore these lamps cannot be approved and do not require approval. Revenue Billing Devices, Electricity Meters The Constitution Act assigns authority for weights and measures to the Federal Government. Federal Legislation:
• Does not require the revenue billing devices to be “approved” as required by the Canadian Electrical Code or Ontario Electrical Safety Code; and
• Does not give ESA any jurisdiction over revenue billing devices, and/or associated Current Transformers (CTs) and Potential Transformers (PTs) associated with the revenue billing device.
Meters and instrument transformers are required to be tested to specifications, which are set out in the Electricity and Gas Inspection Act. These specifications establish design, composition, construction and performance requirements for any meter or instrument transformer. The specification also requires a unique Measurements Canada approval number, as identified in “LMB-EG-07 Specification for Approval of Type of Electricity Meters, Instrument Transformers and Auxiliary Devices”.
If you require any any clarification or assistance with determining if equipment has an acceptable inspection label please contact Jim Merli ([email protected]).
If you require assistance or any modification to equipment or would like to have an inspection arranged please contact Jim Merli ([email protected])
