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Laboratory Study ofLaboratory Study of
2Figure 12.8 a
Central sulcus
Convolutions:Sulcus or fissure = a groove;
Gyrus = a raised area.
Convolutions:Sulcus or fissure = a groove;
Gyrus = a raised area.
Lateral sulcus
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobeOccipital lobe
Parieto-occipital fissure
The Cerebral CortexPre-central
gyrus Post-central gyrus
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Lateral View of Brain
Cerebellum
Frontal lobe
Temporal lobe
Occipital lobeParietal lobe
Lateral sulcus
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Cerebrum, Superior View
Central sulcus
Precentral gyrus
Postcentral gyrus
Longitudinal fissure
Pia mater – follows all convolutions, contains blood
vessels.
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Arachnoid Granulations
Falx cerebri
The white arachnoidgranulations are where cerebrospinal fluid is reabsorbed.
6Figure 13.4
Olfactory bulb
Optic nerve optic chiasma optic tract
Oculomotor n.
Trochlear n.
Trigeminal n.
Abducens n.
Facial n.
Vestibulocochlear n.
Glossopharyngeal n.
Vagus n.
Spinal Accessory n.
Hypoglossal n.
Ventral View of Brain w/
Cranial Nerves
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Ventral View of Brain
Vertebral arteryBasilar artery
Olfactory lobe
Optic chiasmaOculomotor N.
PonsMedulla
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Ventral Brain, Posterior View
Hypoglossal (12th) Nerve
Spinal Accessory (11th) Nerve
Pons
Medulla
Abducens n.
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Ventral view of Brain with Cranial Nerves
Olfactory bulb
Optic n.
Optic chiasma
Oculomotor n.
Trochlear n.
Trigeminal n.
Abducens n.
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Brain, Ventral View
1)Inferior Frontal Lobe, 2)Temporal Lobe, 3)Pons, 4)Medulla Oblongata, 5)Left CerebellarHemisphere, 6)Right CerebellarHemisphere
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Sagittal Section of Brain
Figure 12.12
Corpus callosumFornix
Septum pellucidum
Intermediate mass of thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pons
Medulla
Choroid plexus
Pineal body
Corpora quadrigemina
Third ventricleCerebellum
Arbor vitae
Cerebral aqueduct 4th ventricle
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Sagittal Brain Section
Central sulcusPrecentral gyrus
Postcentral gyrus
Body of Corpus callosum
Septum pellucidum
Corpus callosumIntermediate mass of thalamus
Pineal body
Colliculi of midbrainCerebral aqueduct
Occipital lobe
Interventricular foramen
Mamillary bodyFourth ventricle
Cerebellum
Medulla oblongata
Pons
Fornix
Optic chiasmaHypothalamus
Oculomotor n.infundibulum
uncusTemporal lobe
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Sagittal Section of Human Brain
1) Cerebellum, 2) Pons, 3) Medulla, 4) Midbrain, 5) Mammillarybody, 6) Optic chiasma, 7) corpus callosum, 8) Septum pellucidum, 9) Cingulate gyrus, 10) Fornix, 11) Thalamus, 12) Hypothalamus.
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5
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3
46
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Sagittal Section of Midbrain and Diencephalon
Corpus callosumSeptum pellucidumChoroid plexus
Fornix
Corpora quadrigemina
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Cerebral aqueduct
4th
ventriclePons
IM
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Ventricles of the Brain
Lateral ventricleCaudate nucleus
Thalamus
Choroid plexus
Cerebellum
Third ventriclePineal body
Colliculi of midbrain
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Sheep Brain Dissection
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Layers of the Cerebellum
At low power, the cerebellum is distinguished by its three visible layers. The inner layer (blue arrow) is white matter on the inside compared to its "outer" spinal cord position. The outer layers are gray matter: granular layer (red arrow), molecular layer (green arrow), and Purkinje cell layer between those two layers.
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Gray Matter of the Cerebellum
The gray matter of the cerebellum has three layers: granular layer (top arrow),monolayer of Purkinje cells (middle arrow), and the molecular layer (bottom arrow). The Purkinje cells send axons to other parts of the CNS.
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Cerebellar Purkinje Cells
Interneuron cell bodies
Dendrites Axon to cerebellar outflow
Purkinje cells are the largest and most distinguishing cells of the cerebellum. They have numerous dendrites and an axon which is the beginning of cerebellar outflow.
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Alzheimer’s Tangle
This is aneurofibrillary "tangle" of Alzheimer's disease. The tangle appears as long pink filaments in the cytoplasm. They are composed of cytoskeletalintermediate filaments.
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Alzheimer’s Tangle, Silver Stain
The characteristic microscopic findings of Alzheimer's disease include "senile plaques" which are collections of degenerativepresynaptic endings along with astrocytes and microglia. These plaques are best seen with a silver stain, as seen here in a case with many plaques of varying size.
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Lab Protocol
I. Anatomy of the Brain: Exercise 19
A. Materials:
1. Cadaver dissections: excised brain specimens
2. sheep brains for student dissection
3. brain models
4. brain sections preserved in lucite
B. Procedures:
1. Identify indicated parts in models and specimens and relate structures to their functions.
2. Dissect sheep brain and relate to human brain.
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II. Cranial Nerves
A. Materials:
1. dissection/preparation of cranial nerves in cadaver
2. other view of cranial nerves, e.g., skull preparation, manual, etc.
B. Procedures:
1. Discuss nomenclature (On Old Olympus Towering Tops A Fin And German Viewed Some Hops), location, origin and course of cranial nerves.
2. Discuss functions of cranial nerves.