Laboratory water purification
Water quality and application
Paul FowlerExport Manager
2
Contents
• Introduction to Purite
• Water Standards and application
• Technology
• Purite Equipment
3
• Purite designs, develops and manufactures water purification systems
• For use in applications in laboratory, healthcare and industry.
• We specialise in a wide range of technologies, including:• ion exchange carbon filtration• reverse osmosis• electro-deionisation• ultrafiltration.
About Purite
4
Water Standards
• Water is one of the most important raw materials used for research & development, laboratory and production applications.
• Quality of raw water drawn from the mains or local borehole supplies can be extremely variable.
• Measures need to be in place to purify the water to suitable standards.
• Specific water purity standards have been developed over the years.
• Quality of water required is linked to application.
5
Water StandardsBS EN ISO 3696:1995
• Three standardised grades, expressed in terms of conductivity as below:
Grade Microsiemens(MIN) Resistance(MIN) pH Si(ppb)max1 0.1 10 N/A 102 1 1 N/A 203 5 0.2 5-7.5 N/A
6
Water StandardsASTM D1193-06 (2011)• Four standardised types, expressed in terms of conductivity as
below. Further graded on bacterial, Endotoxin requirement as more application specific:
Type Grade Microsiemens(MIN) Resistance(MIN) pH Si(ppb)max cfu/ml max Endotoxins Eu/ml maxI 0.056 18 3I A 0.056 18 3 10/1000 0.03I B 0.056 18 3 10/100 0.25I C 0.056 18 3 100/10II 1.000 1 3II A 1.000 1 3 10/1000 0.03II B 1.000 1 3 10/100 0.25II C 1.000 1 3 100/10III 0.250 4 500III A 0.250 4 500 10/1000 0.03III B 0.250 4 500 10/100 0.25III C 0.250 4 500 1000/100IV 5.000 0.2 5-8IV A 5.000 0.2 5-8 10/1000 0.03IV B 5.000 0.2 5-8 10/100 0.25IV C 5 0.2 5-8 100/10
Most people refer to ASTM standards, but interpretation varies
7
Water Standards
• Other specialised standards exist for industries such as the electronics and semiconductor industry where specific metal specifications need to be met.
• The healthcare industry also has its own set of standards.
8
Applications
• Type IV Non-Critical work. Water baths, autoclave and
disinfector feed, environmental chambers, plant growth rooms. Type 1 production.
• Type II/III General Lab use. Glassware rinsing, media preparation,
pH solutions & buffers, reagent preparation. Type 1 production.
• Type I Water critical applications. Clinical Analysers, HPLC, GC,
AA, ICP-MS, advanced analytical techniques, Tissue Culture, Life Science, Molecular Biology.
QUALITY - LINKED TO APPLICATION
9
Technology-RO
• Latest RO technology can improve water quality and lab productivity.
• RO is a powerful method of producing purified water for a wide range of laboratory duties.
• Modern units will pre-filter and de-chlorinate the raw water feed, then pass through semi permeable polymer RO membranes.
• The permeate passes through the membrane which removes up to 98% of the minerals and salts, plus virtually all colloids, microorganisms, endotoxins and organic macromolecules.
10
TechnologyDeionisation• Deionisation can be used purify water.• It uses a mixture of resins to remove anionic and cationic
contaminants from the feedwater, exchanging with active hydrogen and hydroxyl ions, which combine to form water molecules.
• Deionisation can be used alone to produce Grade 1 (>10 MΩ) water, but is uneconomic at high TDS levels or for high usage (>100l/day).
• Generally the most efficient treatment is a combination of RO and Deionisation.
11
TechnologyLaboratory systems
• Specification should begin with consideration of the standardised grades of water purity.
• Having established the level of purity required, then the volume needed should be assessed.
• This is followed by the decision to install a centralised or stand-alone unit.
• Choice is dictated by overall costs and the operational demands of each option.
• Purite has developed a range of stand-alone units designed to meet the needs of the modern laboratory
12
Quality Considerations?
QUALITY - LINKED TO APPLICATION
• RO WATER (5 – 35 µs) – Feed for Humidifiers, Autoclaves, Lab ring mains.
• DI WATER (1 – 10 MΩ) – Glassware rinsing, Reagent make-up, Media prep, General Lab use.
• HPLC GRADE WATER (>10 MΩ) – HPLC, Ion Chromatography, Atomic Adsorption, Analyser feed.
• ULTRA PURE WATER – (18.2 MΩ) – Tissue Culture, Life Science, Molecular Biology.
13
Equipment
Labwater Descale Analyst HP Purewater 300 Fusion Neptune
14
Pure Water Guide
15
Labwater Range
L3G EDI Variants
Low volume users 1-10l/d Schools Dentists Grade 2 (1-10 µs)
16
Labwater 1 & 2 Cartridges
LABWATER 1• 1 – 10 µs• 160 Litre apacity• Colour exchange
indication• Optional dispense
gun
LABWATER 2• 1 – 10 µs• 320 litre capacity• Colour exchange
indication• Optional dispense
gun
17
Select Range
Nomenclature
• Descale - Base RO Unit with
pre-treatment• Analyst - Descale & DI• HP - Analyst
with UMF & Recirculation
18
Configurations
19
Select Range
• 40 – 3.6 litres / hour• 80 – 7.2 litres / hour• 160 – 14.4 litres / hour• 320 – 30 litres / hour
* Size based on daily usage per a 10 hour working day
20
Select Descale
• Applications− Washing machines− Rinsing− Humidifier feed− Autoclave feed
• Configuration− Carbon Pre-treatment− Reverse Osmosis− Integrally Close Coupled
(ICC) or external tank
21
Output Quality
22
Select Analyst
• Applications− Reagent make up− Media preparation− Atomic Adsorption− Glassware Rinsing
• Configuration− Carbon Pretreatment− Reverse Osmosis− Deionising Resin − ICC or external tank
23
Output Quality
24
Purewater 300
• Applications− Laboratory glassware
washing− 20lt internal tank− Dishwasher connection− >1MΩ.cm
• Configuration − Carbon Pre-treatment− Reverse Osmosis− Deionising Resin− ICC Tank
25
Output Quality
26
Select HP
• Applications− Ion HPLC− Chromatography− Tissue Culture− Fluorescence
• Configuration− Carbon Pretreatment− Reverse Osmosis− Deionising Resin− Recirculation Loop− 0.1µm internal bacterial
filter− 0.2µm POU filter− ICC or External Tank
27
Output Quality
28
Select Fusion
• Applications− Dual quality water− Analytical >1MΩ.cm− Life Science upto18.2MΩ.cm− UPW up to 50lt/day max− 40, 80, 160, 320 variants− Bacteria <0.1CFU/ml, TOC
<5ppb− Endotoxin <0.001EU/ml
• Configuration − Carbon Pretreatment− Reverse Osmosis− Deionising Resin− Recirculation Pump− Nuclear Resin Polish− Ultrafiltration− Dual UV treatment
185/254nm− 0.2µm POU filter
29
Fusion Configuration
NB - Carbon Filter External to Unit
30
Fusion Output Quality
31
Tank Options
• Internal 20lt Tank− 40− 80− 160− 320
• External Tank− 50lts - 40, 80, 160− 100lts - 320
32
Neptune – 3 Variants
• Applications− Guaranteed 18.2MΩ.cm− Analytical− Life Science− Ultimate− Needs a pretreated water
supply− 20µS/cm− Dispenses 2 litres / minute
33
Configuration
34
Neptune Output Quality
35
Product Selection Considerations
• What flow rate is required? (litres/hr or litres/day)• What is the demand pattern? (how much needed at once)• What quality of water is required? (Grade or Type)• What is the end use application? (General Lab etc)• What quality is the feedwater? (TDS)• What is the mains pressure? (bar or psi)
36
Contact Purite
Purite Ltd
Bandet Way
Thame, Oxon
OX9 3SJ UK
Tel: +44 (0)1844 217141
Fax: +44 (0)1844 218098
Email: [email protected]
www.purite.com